IN THIS UNIT YOU WILL

LEARN HOW TO
• describe different types of data
• describe changes in numbers
• use prepositions with numbers.

I LEAD-IN I
Match the diagrams with their names. Which of them describe changes to numbers
over time?

I table bar chart pie chart line graph

% of graduates in the population (UK)

L.:.I
�
40

35

• New Zealand
30
• Canada
Australia
25 • UK
• USA
20

15
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

Participation of 18-year-olds in education and training, 2014 New entrants to primary teacher
training programmes 2007 - present
Not in employment, education or training ••• 2007/08 116, 540
2009/10 1 5, 500
In employment -···
2011/12 17,6 30
Other education and training 201 3/14 118, 360
Employer-funded training 201 5/16 20,480
This year 19,21 3
Work-based learning

Full-time education -···········

0 100,000 200,000 300,000

I DESCRIBING CHANGES IN NUMBERS I
� Put the words into the correct column. Are they verbs (V), nouns (N) or both?

decline decrease drop fall growth increase rise

� Write the past simple and past participle forms of the verbs.

infinitive past simple i past participle

fall
increase
drop
decrease
decline
rise
grow

� Use the correct verb or noun form of one of the words from above to complete the
sentences about the table.
New entrants to primary teacher training programmes 2007 - present

200 7/08
2009/10
I 16,5 40
1 5,500
i
2011/12 17,630
2013/14 18,360
2015/16 20,480
This year 19,213

1 The number of new entrants to primary teaching _______ during

the period.
2 There was a _______ from 2007/08 to 2009/10.
3 There was a steady in numbers from 2009/10 to 2015/16.
4 The numbers again this year.

so
 GRAPHS AND BAR CHARTS]
� Which is the better description of the line graph: A or B? Why?
A The graph shows the percentage of % of graduates in the population (UK)
graduates in the UK population between that is important­
40 don't include
1990 and 2015. In 1990 17% of the population
everything. You
of the UK were graduates. This rose to 20% in
35 must include some
1995 and 24% in 2000. In 2005, it went up to data to support
29%, in 2010 to 34% and up to 38% in 2015. 30 your description.
B The graph shows an upward trend in the % of
graduates in the population between 1990 25
and 2015. The percentage rose gradually
throughout the period. It increased by about 20
3 to 5% every five years, for example
between 1990 and 1995 it increased from 15
1990 1995 2000 .2005 2010 2015
17 to 20%.

� Read sentences 1-9 about the bar chart, and answer the questions.
1 Which TWO sentences should 2 Which of the other sentences include the
NOT be included? most important information about the bar
chart, do you think?
1 There were about 330,000 18-year-olds Participation of 18-year-olds in education and training, 2014
in full-time education.
II••
II••
2 Work-based learning is really useful for Not in employment, education or training
young people. In employment
3 60,000 were in employer-funded training.
4 Around 70,000 of the age group were · Other education and training·
involved in work-based learning. Employer-funded training
5 Only about 50,000 were in the 'other
education and training' category. Work-based learning
6 There were three times more 18-year-olds Full-time education -···········
in full-time education than in
0 100,000 200,000 300,000
employment.
7 The situation is very different in my country.
8 About 90,000 were not in employment, education or training.
9 More 18-year-olds were in employment than not in employment,
education or training.

[filzrJ
I I
Complete the sentences with a preposition from the box.

between in from of of to by

1 17% _____ the population are graduates.

2 The number graduates went up.
3 It rose 21% 29%.
4 It increased about 4%.
5 1992 and 1996 there was an increase.
6 There was a rise graduate numbers during the 1990s.

UNIT 03 / WRITING
I STUDYING A MODEL ANSWER I
� Read the model answer and find:
1 the introductory sentence
2 the overview
3 a description of data
4 some data to support the descriptions

MODEL ANSWER
5 past simple verb forms
6 a present perfect verb form

The chart below shows the percentage of

unemployed recent graduates and young ber of unemployed recent
non-graduates aged 21 to 30 between 1990 The line graph shows the num
in the population of 21 to
and 2015. graduates and non-graduates
1990 and 2015. Overall, the
30-year-olds in the years between a
h: we can see a fall, followed by
numbers have not changed muc than
duates are a larg er num ber
rise, in both groups. The non-gra
15% grad uate s at all poin ts.
the recent
of
was a decrease in the number
Between 1990 and 2000 there was
s and non-graduates. The fall
unemployed recent graduate
but grea ter between 1995 and 2000.
small from 1990 to 1995,
10% middle period. The number of
There was a small change in the
grew during that period. Over
non-graduates dropped and then
, the numbers of both non­
the five years from 2010 to 2015
s returned almost to their 1990
graduates and recent graduate
5% figures of 14% and 10%.
degree is helpful in finding
Overall, it is clear that having a
tes than recent graduates are
employment as more non-gradua
out of work.
0%......._���-.��-.��-,-��--,-��-.-�
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015

- Non-graduates - Recent graduates

aged 21 to 30

Why is the past simple used more than

the present perfect?

DESCRIBING A PIE CHART] @ A pie chart is used to

show percentage or
proportion.

� Which country matches these phrases? Which English-speaking country do foreign

students want to study in?
1 over a third
2 a little under a third
3 the lowest number of students
4 about 1 in 10 In your descriptions,
5 just under a sixth include phrases like
6 the most popular country • New Zealand these, as well as the
• Canada actual numbers.
7 the country in second place Australia
8 the least popular country •uK
• USA
 EXAM SKILLS]
Look at the Writing Part 1 task below. Before you start writing, answer these
questions about the graph.
Male and Female
1 What are the two groups in green and purple? The vertical show the percentage and the horizontal show
i
2 What do the vertical and horizontal++ axes show? the region
3 Which two regions had the highest literacy rates?· Central Asia and Central/Estern Europe
4 How many regions show different literacy rates for men and women? 5 regions
5 Which region shows the biggest difference between men and women? South and West Asia
6 What are the male and female literacy rates in the least literate region? The percentage of male more 10% than
7 What is the percentage difference between the most and least literate areas?
female
It is about 30%
You should spend about 20 minutes on this task.
The bar chart shows the literacy rate (% of people who can read and write) by region and
gender in 2011.
Summarise the information by selecting and reporting the main features, and make
comparisons where rf2levant.
Write at least 150 words.

Literacy rate by region and gender 2011

100%

80%

60%

40%

20% IL Male

0% ._ Female

� Write your answer.

Remember to:
• include introductory and concluding
sentences and an overview
• use expressions with prepositions
• use the past simple tense.