Dipôle (R,C)

–I

(1
A B
𝒒𝑨 = 𝒒 > 𝟎 A (2
𝒒𝑩 = −𝒒 < 𝟎 B
𝒒𝑨 = −𝒒𝑩 = 𝒒
(3

C 𝒒
𝒅𝒒(𝒕)
𝒕 𝒊 𝒕 =
A 𝒊(𝒕) 𝒅𝒕
𝒒 𝒕 = 𝑰𝟎 .𝒕 t (4
𝒅𝒒(𝒕) ∆𝒒 𝒒 𝒕 − 𝒒(𝟎) 𝒒(𝒕)
𝒊 𝒕 = 𝒄𝒕𝒆 = 𝑰𝟎 = = = =
𝒅𝒕 ∆𝒕 𝒕−𝟎 𝒕
𝒒 𝒕 = 𝑰𝟎 .𝒕

50 45 40 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 t(s)
8,51 7,66 6,81 5,95 5,11 4,25 3,40 2,55 1,70 0,85 0 𝑢𝐶 (𝑉)
4 3,6 3,2 2,8 2,4 2 1,6 1,2 0,8 0,4 0 𝑞(𝑚𝐶)

𝒒 𝒕 = 𝒂.𝒖𝑪 (𝒕)
F C 𝑎

𝒒 𝒕 = 𝑪. 𝒖𝑪 (𝒕)
C
𝚫𝒒 𝟒 − 𝟎 . 𝟏𝟎−𝟑
𝑪= = = 𝟒, 𝟕𝟎. 𝟏𝟎−𝟒 𝑭 = 𝟒𝟕𝟎 𝝁𝑭
𝚫𝒖𝑪 𝟖, 𝟓 − 𝟎

❖ ❖
𝒒𝟏𝒊(𝒕) = 𝒊𝟏 (𝒕) + 𝒊𝟐 (𝒕) (1 𝒖𝑨𝑩 = 𝒖𝑨𝑫 + 𝒖𝑫𝑩 (1
𝒒 𝒒𝟏 𝒒𝟐
𝒒𝟐 = +
A i 𝒅𝒒 𝒅𝒒B 𝟏 A𝒅𝒒 𝟐𝒒𝟏 𝑪 𝑪𝟏 𝑪𝟐
𝑪𝟏 = + i D B
𝒅 𝒒 𝒅 𝒒𝟏 𝒅 𝒒𝟐
𝒒𝟐 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 = +
𝑪𝟏 𝑪𝟐 𝒅𝒕 𝑪 𝒅𝒕 𝑪𝟏 𝒅𝒕 𝑪𝟐
𝒅(𝑪. 𝒖𝑨𝑩 ) 𝒅(𝑪𝟏 . 𝒖𝑨𝑩 ) 𝒅(𝑪𝟐 . 𝒖𝑨𝑩 )
𝒖𝑨𝑩 𝟏 𝒅𝒒 𝟏 𝒅𝒒𝟏 𝟏 𝒅𝒒𝟐
𝑪𝟐 = + = +
𝒖𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝑪 𝒅𝒕 𝑪𝟏 𝒅𝒕 𝑪𝟐 𝒅𝒕
𝑨𝑩
𝒅𝒒 𝒅𝒒𝟏 𝒅𝒒𝟐
𝒅𝒖𝑨𝑩 𝒅𝒖𝑨𝑩 𝒅𝒖𝑨𝑩 𝒊 𝒕 = = =
𝑪. = 𝑪𝟏 . + 𝑪𝟐 . 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕
𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝒅𝒕 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
i 𝒒 i 𝒒 𝒊 𝒕 = + 𝒊 𝒕
A 𝑪 =B𝑪𝟏 + 𝑪 A𝟐 B 𝑪 𝑪𝟏 𝑪𝟐
(2 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑪 𝑪 = +
𝒖𝑨𝑩 𝒖𝑨𝑩 𝑪 𝑪𝟏 𝑪𝟐
𝒏 (2
𝑪 = 𝑪𝟏 + 𝑪𝟐 + ⋯ + 𝑪𝒏 = ෍ 𝑪𝒊
𝒊=𝟏 𝒏
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(3 = + +⋯+ =෍
𝑪 𝑪𝟏 𝑪𝟐 𝑪𝒏 𝑪𝒊
𝒊=𝟏
(3

1
 ‫‪RC‬‬ ‫‪– II‬‬
‫‪RC‬‬

‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬
‫‪E‬‬ ‫𝝉 𝑪𝒖‬ ‫‪(4‬‬ ‫‪RC‬‬ ‫‪(1‬‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫𝝉‬ ‫‪𝝉 E‬‬ ‫‪𝑡=0‬‬
‫‪(2‬‬
‫𝝉‪−𝝉/‬‬ ‫𝟏‪−‬‬
‫𝒆 ‪𝒖𝑪 𝝉 = 𝑬. 𝟏 −‬‬ ‫𝒆 ‪= 𝑬. 𝟏 −‬‬ ‫𝑬 ‪= 𝟎, 𝟔𝟑.‬‬
‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬
‫𝑬 𝝉‪𝒅𝒖𝑪 (𝒕 = 𝟎) 𝑬 −𝟎/‬‬ ‫‪𝝉.‬‬ ‫𝑬 = 𝒕 𝑪𝒖 ‪+‬‬
‫𝒆‪= .‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬ ‫𝝉‬ ‫𝝉‬
‫𝑬‪𝟎,𝟔𝟑.‬‬ ‫❑‬ ‫𝑬 = 𝒕 𝑪𝒖 ‪𝒖𝑹 𝒕 +‬‬
‫❑‬
‫𝒕 𝒊 ‪𝒖𝑹 𝒕 = 𝑹.‬‬
‫𝑬 = 𝑪𝒖‬ ‫‪𝑡=0‬‬
‫𝝉‬ ‫‪R.C‬‬
‫) 𝒕 𝑪𝒖 ‪𝒅𝒒(𝒕) 𝒅(𝑪.‬‬ ‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬
‫𝝉 = 𝒔 𝟐 ‪𝑹. 𝑪 = 𝟐. 𝟏𝟎𝟑 . 𝟏𝟎𝟎. 𝟏𝟎−𝟔 = 𝟎,‬‬ ‫= 𝒕 𝒊‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 𝑪.‬‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬ ‫𝒕𝒅‬ ‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫𝝉𝟓 𝑪𝒖‬
‫‪(5‬‬
‫∞ 𝑪𝒖‬ ‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬
‫‪𝒖𝑹 𝒕 = 𝑹𝑪.‬‬
‫𝝉𝟓 𝑪𝒖‬ ‫𝝉‪𝑬. 𝟏 − 𝒆−𝟓𝝉/‬‬ ‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 𝟏 − 𝒆−𝟓 = 𝟎, 𝟗𝟗𝟑𝟑 = 𝟗𝟗, 𝟑𝟑 %‬‬ ‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬
‫∞ 𝑪𝒖‬ ‫∞‪𝑬. 𝟏 − 𝒆−‬‬
‫‪𝑹𝑪.‬‬ ‫𝑬 = 𝒕 𝑪𝒖 ‪+‬‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬
‫𝑬 ≈ 𝝉𝟓 𝑪𝒖‬ ‫‪𝟗𝟗,𝟑𝟑 %‬‬ ‫𝝉𝟓 = 𝒕‬ ‫𝑪𝑹 = 𝝉‬ ‫‪𝝉.‬‬ ‫𝑬 = 𝒕 𝑪𝒖 ‪+‬‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫𝜏‪𝑡 ≤ 5‬‬ ‫𝑡 𝐶𝑢‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫‪E‬‬ ‫𝑡 𝐶𝑢‬ ‫‪o‬‬ ‫𝜏‬
‫𝜏‪𝑡 > 5‬‬ ‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬ ‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬
‫)𝑉( 𝑐𝑢‬ ‫‪𝒖𝑹 𝒕 = 𝑹𝑪.‬‬ ‫‪= 𝝉.‬‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬ ‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫‪7‬‬

‫𝑬‬ ‫‪6‬‬
‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬ ‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬
‫𝒕 𝑹𝒖‬ ‫‪= 𝝉.‬‬ ‫‪= 𝝉.‬‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬ ‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫‪5‬‬

‫‪𝟎, 𝟔𝟑𝑬 4‬‬

‫𝒕𝒅‬ ‫𝑻‬
‫النظام االنتقالي‬ ‫النظام الدائم‬ ‫‪𝝉 = 𝒖𝑹 𝒕 .‬‬ ‫𝑻 = ‪= 𝑼.‬‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬ ‫𝑼‬

‫‪2‬‬ ‫‪s‬‬ ‫𝜏‬

‫‪1‬‬ ‫𝑩 ‪𝒖𝑪 𝒕 = 𝑨. 𝒆−𝜶.𝒕 +‬‬ ‫‪(3‬‬
‫)𝑠(𝑡‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0,2‬‬ ‫‪0,4‬‬ ‫‪0,6‬‬ ‫‪0,8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1,2‬‬ ‫‪1,4‬‬ ‫‪1,6‬‬ ‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬
‫𝒕‪= −𝛂. 𝑨. 𝒆−𝜶.‬‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫𝜏‬
‫𝑬 = 𝑩 ‪−𝛕.𝛂.𝑨.𝒆−𝜶.𝒕 + 𝑨.𝒆−𝜶.𝒕 +‬‬
‫𝑡 𝑞‬ ‫‪(6‬‬
‫𝑩 ‪𝑨. 𝟏 − 𝜶. 𝝉 . 𝒆−𝜶.𝒕 = 𝑬 −‬‬
‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬
‫‪𝝉.‬‬ ‫𝑬 = 𝒕 𝑪𝒖 ‪+‬‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬ ‫𝟎 = 𝝉 ‪𝟏 − 𝜶.‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫)𝒕(𝒒‬
‫= 𝒕 𝑪𝒖‬ ‫𝝉‪𝜶 = 𝟏/‬‬
‫𝑪‬
‫)𝒕(𝒒 𝒅‬ ‫)𝒕(𝒒‬ ‫𝑬‪𝑩 = −‬‬ ‫𝟎=𝑩‪𝑬−‬‬
‫‪𝝉.‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫𝑬=‬
‫𝑪 𝒕𝒅‬ ‫𝑪‬
‫)𝒕(𝒒𝒅‬
‫‪𝝉.‬‬ ‫𝑬𝑪 = 𝒕 𝒒 ‪+‬‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬ ‫)𝟎 = 𝒕(𝒒‬
‫= 𝟎 = 𝒕 𝑪𝒖‬ ‫𝑽𝟎=‬
‫𝑡 𝑞‬ ‫𝑪‬
‫𝝉‪𝒒 𝒕 = 𝑪. 𝒖𝑪 𝒕 = 𝑪𝑬. 𝟏 − 𝒆−𝒕/‬‬ ‫𝑽 𝟎 = 𝑬 ‪𝒖𝑪 𝒕 = 𝟎 = 𝑨. 𝒆−𝟎/𝝉 − 𝑬 = 𝑨 −‬‬
‫‪(7‬‬ ‫𝑬=𝑨‬
‫𝝉‪𝒅𝒒(𝒕) 𝑪𝑬 −𝒕/𝝉 𝑪𝑬 −𝒕/𝝉 𝑬 −𝒕/‬‬
‫= 𝒕 𝒊‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝒆‪.‬‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝒆‪.‬‬ ‫𝒆‪= .‬‬ ‫𝝉‪𝒖𝑪 𝒕 = 𝑬. 𝟏 − 𝒆−𝒕/‬‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬ ‫𝝉‬ ‫𝑪𝑹‬ ‫𝑹‬

‫‪2‬‬
 ‫‪RC‬‬

‫𝑬‪𝟎,𝟑𝟕.‬‬ ‫❑‬ ‫‪(2‬‬

‫❑‬
‫𝟎 = 𝑪𝒖‬ ‫‪𝑡=0‬‬ ‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬
‫‪𝝉.‬‬ ‫𝟎 = 𝒕 𝑪𝒖 ‪+‬‬
‫𝝉𝟓 𝑪𝒖‬ ‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫‪(4‬‬
‫𝟎 𝑪𝒖‬
‫𝟎 = 𝒕 𝑪𝒖 ‪𝒖𝑹 𝒕 +‬‬
‫𝝉𝟓 𝑪𝒖‬ ‫𝝉‪𝑬. 𝒆−𝟓𝝉/‬‬
‫=‬ ‫‪= 𝒆−𝟓 = 𝟎, 𝟎𝟎𝟔𝟕 = 𝟎, 𝟔𝟕 %‬‬ ‫𝒕 𝒊 ‪𝒖𝑹 𝒕 = 𝑹.‬‬
‫𝟎 𝑪𝒖‬ ‫𝝉‪𝑬. 𝒆−𝟎/‬‬

‫) 𝒕 𝑪𝒖 ‪𝒅𝒒(𝒕) 𝒅(𝑪.‬‬ ‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬

‫𝟎 ≈ 𝝉𝟓 𝑪𝒖‬ ‫‪𝟗𝟗,𝟑𝟑 %‬‬ ‫𝝉𝟓 = 𝒕‬ ‫= 𝒕 𝒊‬ ‫=‬ ‫‪= 𝑪.‬‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬ ‫𝒕𝒅‬ ‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫𝜏‪𝑡 ≤ 5‬‬ ‫𝑡 𝐶𝑢‬ ‫‪o‬‬
‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫𝑡 𝐶𝑢‬ ‫‪o‬‬ ‫‪𝒖𝑹 𝒕 = 𝑹𝑪.‬‬
‫𝜏‪𝑡 > 5‬‬ ‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬
‫)𝑉( 𝑐𝑢‬ ‫‪𝑹𝑪.‬‬ ‫𝟎 = 𝒕 𝑪𝒖 ‪+‬‬
‫‪7‬‬ ‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬
‫𝑬‬ ‫‪6‬‬ ‫𝑪𝑹 = 𝝉‬ ‫‪𝝉.‬‬ ‫𝟎 = 𝒕 𝑪𝒖 ‪+‬‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫‪5‬‬
‫𝑩 ‪𝒖𝑪 𝒕 = 𝑨. 𝒆−𝜶.𝒕 +‬‬ ‫‪(2‬‬
‫‪4‬‬
‫النظام االنتقالي‬ ‫النظام الدائم‬ ‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬
‫‪3‬‬ ‫𝒕‪= −𝛂. 𝑨. 𝒆−𝜶.‬‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫‪𝟎, 𝟑𝟕𝑬 2‬‬
‫𝟎 = 𝑩 ‪−𝛕.𝛂.𝑨.𝒆−𝜶.𝒕 + 𝑨.𝒆−𝜶.𝒕 +‬‬
‫‪1‬‬
‫)𝑠(𝑡‬ ‫𝑩‪𝑨. 𝟏 − 𝜶. 𝝉 . 𝒆−𝜶.𝒕 = −‬‬
‫‪0‬‬
‫‪0‬‬ ‫‪0,2‬‬ ‫‪0,4‬‬ ‫‪0,6‬‬ ‫‪0,8‬‬ ‫‪1‬‬ ‫‪1,2‬‬ ‫‪1,4‬‬ ‫‪1,6‬‬
‫𝟎 = 𝝉 ‪𝟏 − 𝜶.‬‬ ‫‪t‬‬
‫𝜏‬ ‫𝝉‪𝜶 = 𝟏/‬‬
‫𝑡 𝑞‬ ‫‪(5‬‬ ‫𝟎=𝑩‬ ‫𝟎 = 𝑩‪−‬‬
‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬
‫‪𝝉.‬‬ ‫𝟎 = 𝒕 𝑪𝒖 ‪+‬‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫)𝒕(𝒒‬ ‫𝑬𝑪 )𝟎 = 𝒕(𝒒‬
‫= 𝒕 𝑪𝒖‬ ‫= 𝟎 = 𝒕 𝑪𝒖‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑬=‬
‫𝑪‬ ‫𝑪‬ ‫𝑪‬
‫)𝒕(𝒒 𝒅‬ ‫)𝒕(𝒒‬ ‫𝑬 = 𝑨 = 𝝉‪𝒖𝑪 𝒕 = 𝟎 = 𝑨. 𝒆−𝟎/‬‬
‫‪𝝉.‬‬ ‫‪+‬‬ ‫𝟎=‬
‫𝑪 𝒕𝒅‬ ‫𝑪‬
‫𝑬=𝑨‬
‫)𝒕(𝒒𝒅‬
‫‪𝝉.‬‬ ‫𝟎= 𝒕 𝒒‪+‬‬ ‫𝝉‪𝒖𝑪 𝒕 = 𝑬. 𝒆−𝒕/‬‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫𝑡 𝑞‬ ‫)𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬
‫‪𝑡=0‬‬ ‫‪E‬‬ ‫𝝉 𝑪𝒖‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫= 𝒕 𝑪𝒖 ‪𝒒 𝒕 = 𝑪.‬‬ ‫𝝉‪𝑪𝑬. 𝒆−𝒕/‬‬ ‫𝝉‬ ‫‪𝝉 E‬‬

‫‪(6‬‬ ‫𝑬 ‪𝒖𝑪 𝝉 = 𝑬. 𝟏 − 𝒆−𝝉/𝝉 = 𝑬. 𝟏 − 𝒆−𝟏 = 𝟎, 𝟑𝟕.‬‬

‫)𝒕(𝒒𝒅‬ ‫𝒕‪𝑪𝑬 −‬‬ ‫𝒕‪𝑪𝑬 −‬‬ ‫𝑬‬ ‫)𝟎 = 𝒕( 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬ ‫𝑬‬ ‫𝟎‬ ‫𝑬‬
‫= 𝒕 𝒊‬ ‫‪=−‬‬ ‫‪.𝒆 𝝉 = −‬‬ ‫𝝉‪. 𝒆 𝝉 = − . 𝒆−𝒕/‬‬ ‫‪= − . 𝒆− 𝝉 = −‬‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬ ‫𝝉‬ ‫𝑪𝑹‬ ‫𝑹‬ ‫𝒕𝒅‬ ‫𝝉‬ ‫𝝉‬

‫‪(1‬‬
‫𝑪𝟐𝒖𝒅 𝟏 𝑪𝒖𝒅‬
‫‪𝑷 = 𝒖𝑪 . 𝒊 = 𝒖𝑪 . 𝑪.‬‬ ‫‪= 𝑪.‬‬
‫𝒕𝒅‬ ‫𝟐‬ ‫𝒕𝒅‬
‫‪(2‬‬
‫𝒆‪𝒅ξ‬‬ ‫𝟏 𝒅‬
‫=𝑷‬ ‫=‬ ‫𝑪𝟐𝒖 ‪𝑪.‬‬
‫𝟐 𝒕𝒅 𝒕𝒅‬
‫𝟏‬ ‫𝟐𝒒 𝟏‬
‫= 𝑪𝟐𝒖 ‪ξ𝒆 = 𝑪.‬‬
‫𝟐‬ ‫𝑪𝟐‬
‫‪3‬‬