FAIRNESS, ACCOUNTABILITY,

TRANSPARENCY AND STEWARDSHIP IN

BUSINESS AND NON-PROFIY
ORGANIZATION
for Business Ethics and Social Responsibility
Senior High School (ABM)
Quarter 1 / Week 3

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 FOREWORD

This Self-Learning Kit for Business Ethics and Social Responsibility

explores all concepts necessary to deal the basic understanding of
the mechanism in business.
This gives students a strong knowledge of general ethical
principles as applied to the special situation of business and the
ability to make judgment.
It is aligned with the BEC of the Department of Education
following the prescribed MELCs (Most Essential Learning
Competencies.
It has the following features proven to be valuable aids to
learning in the core principles of business.
What happened?
This section contains pre-activities like pretest that awaken the
minds of the learners that will motivate them to learn.
What I Need To Know? (Discussion)
This section includes the definition of the core principles as
observe in business. Each one is properly define and explain that
clearly emphasizes the applicable judgment in the field of business.
What I have Learned? (Evaluation/Post Test)
The exercises contained in this section are guaranteed to build
the students competence and basis of learners’ areas of strengths
and difficulties.

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 OBJECTIVES:
K. Define the meaning of fairness, accountability and
transparency, and stewardship
S. Discuss the relationship of fairness, accountability,
transparency and stewardship with ethical businesses
A. Appreciate the core principles of fairness, accountability,
and transparency and stewardship in the real life situation

LEARNING COMPETENCY:
Illustrates how fairness, accountability, transparency, and
stewardship is observed in business in business and non-profit
organization (ABM_ESR12IIId-1.4; ABM_ESR12IIId-1.5)

I. What Happened

PRE- TEST
Instruction: Read each item carefully and use a separate sheet of
paper to write your answers.
True or False
1. To be accountable is to be liable to explain or justify one’s actions and
decisions.
2. Holding to account is the process of requiring explanation and
justification, but it is also about testing, forming a judgment and if
necessary, taking actions.
3. Fairness is the quality of making judgments that are free from
discrimination.
4. Transparency is essential in building families, and through families, in
strenthening civil society as a whole.
5. Bribery is ethical, taking or receiving something with the intention of
influencing the recipient.
6. Accountability means to imply a management relationship and also
about confrontation by putting someone in his place or giving him a
hard time.
7. Practicing stewardship can help a business find sustainable practices,
improve its reputation among consumers and even save money.
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 8. Human skill is the ability to work well with other people individually and
in groups and one of the examples is understanding of body
language.
9. Being transparent means being clear, open, and frequent
communication.

10. Treating all people equally and not applying reasonable punishments
even if rules are broken is an example of fairness

II. What You Need to Know

DISCUSSION
Notions of Accountability, Fairness, and Transparency

Business leadership affects the moral capability and performance

of organizations. Business leaders influence the scope and character of
formal ethics and programs and the integration of ethics into everyday
organizational life. However, most practicing business leaders in most
countries most of the time are not held accountable for dysfunction
moral, social and environmental performance.

The Four Key Dimensions of Integrity Capacity

Process These should present challenges for

business leaders so that they
Judgment become more aware of moral
concerns and thus respond
Development more effectively to the problems that
arise.
System

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 ACCOUNTABILITY
Why is Accountability important?

Accountability structure is the most important aspect of prevention

and detection of corruption. A civil society organization without proper
accountability system is fragile and open to rumors and mismanagement
and abuse of power.

Accountability: What It Is:

❖ To be accountable is to explain or justify one’s action and decisions.

❖ Accountability is the process of explanation and justification.
❖ Holding to account is the process of requiring explanation and, but it is
also about testing, forming a judgment, and if necessary, taking
action.
❖ Accountability implies responsibility it is reasonable only to hold people
to account for those things for which they are responsible

Accountability: What It Is Not:

❖ It is not synonymous with responsibility.
❖ It does not imply a management relationship.
❖ It is not a “one off” annual event.
❖ It is not the same as appraisal.
❖ It is not about confrontation, “putting someone in his place” or
“giving him a hard time”.

Accountability Structures
Accountability is the ability to account for your actions and
performance to your stakeholders. Accountability includes the fact that
persons (your stakeholders) are willing and able to hold you accountable.

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 FAIRNESS
❖ Fairness - in the context of a business of organization involves balance of the
interests involved in all decision-making including any decisions related to
hiring, firing (including the investigatory process), and the compensation
and rewards.

❖ Overall, fairness has to do with justice, which is to give to another that

which is due him/her. Justice: (1) looks at the balance of benefits and
burdens distributed among members of a group, and/or (2) can result from
the application of rules, policies, or laws that apply to a society or a group.
In general, the just results of actions override utilitarian results.

TRANSPARENCY

❖ Transparency
• is the extent to which investors have ready access to required financial
information about company, such as price levels, market depth and
audited financial reports.
• helps reduce price vitality, because all the market participants can
base decisions of value in the same data.
• is an issue that often emerged in the documents by Pope Benedict XVI.
Caritas in Veritate (CV) referred to transparency seven times.
• intrinsic or ethical salience: individual level
• instrumental salience: organizational and social levels.

THE RELATIONSHIP OF FAIRNESS, ACCOUNTABILITY,TRANSPARENCY,

STEWARDSHIP, WITH ETHICAL BUSINESS

Scholars have recently considered ethical leadership from a new angle

by examining servant leadership. Servant leaders go beyond their own self-
interest and focus on opportunities to help followers grow and develop. They
do not use power to achieve ends; they emphasize persuasion.
Characteristics behaviors include listening, emphatizing , persuading,
accepting stewardship, and actively developing followers potencial.

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 What is the relationship between accountability and stewardship?

In the context of a company, it means holding the directors who manage

the company responsible for explaining their actions to the shareholders who
own the company. Stewardship is when a person is responsible for taking
care of something on behalf of another.

III. What Have I Learned

Activity 1. Answer the following questions comprehensively.

1. Why is accountability, transparency, fairness , and stewardship important in

business?

2. How does accountability and transparency work together?

Activity 2. Let’s do it. Download an inspirational quote’s from the internet or

cut-out pictures from the magazines or old newspapers that best describes
transparency, accountability, fairness and stewardship in business. Make a short
reflection on it.

RUBRICS FOR ESSAY

Needs
No Submission Poor Proficient Advanced
Criteria Improvement
(1 point) (2 points) (4 points) (5 points)
(3 points)
Correct and Correct and
Incomplete Has complete
with few minor with no errors
Presentation of No written presentation of presentation of
errors in the in the
Ideas ideas ideas and with ideas but with
presentation of presentation of
major errors errors
ideas ideas
Shows 25% Shows 50% Shows 75% 100% well-
Clarity of ideas/response
developed developed developed developed
answers not evident
ideas/response ideas/response ideas/response ideas/response
Minimum
Plenty of Plenty of Minimum No erasures,
Over-all erasures and
Erasures and erasures and not erasures with content is
Output/Neatn not so
Unreadable so readable readable clear and
ess readable
content content content readable
contents

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 EVALUATION/ POST-TEST:

Test I. Identify what is being asked. Choose your answer from the words inside
the box. Use a separate paper in answering.

Fairness Technical Skills Conceptual Skills

Accountability Transparency Human Skills
Transparency Human Skills Stewardship
1. The process of explanation and justification implies responsibility.
2. The ability to account for your actions and performance to your
stakeholders.
3. The ability to understand, communicate with, motivate, and support other
people.
4. The quality of making judgments that are free from discrimination.
5. The one accountable or liable to explain or justify ones
actions and decisions.
6. The principle of an organization aims at providing information about
activities and governance to stakeholders that is accurate, complete and
made in a timely way.
7. Has become and increasingly popular word in the recent time that is used
and sometimes misused by both scholars and practitioners.
8. It has to do with justice, which is to give to another that what is due to him.
9. It is an issue that often emerged in the documents by Pope
Benedict XVI.
10. A person responsible for taking care of something on behalf of another.

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 DEPARTMENT OF EDUCATION
SCHOOLS DIVISION OF NEGROS ORIENTAL

SENEN PRISCILLO P. PAULIN, CESO V

Schools Division Superintendent

JOELYZA M. ARCILLA, EdD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

MARCELO K. PALISPIS, EdD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

NILITA L. RAGAY, EdD

OIC - Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
CID Chief

ROSELA R. ABIERA
Education Program Supervisor – (LRMS)

ELISA L. BAGUIO, EdD

Division Education Program Supervisor – MATHEMATICS

MARICEL S. RASID
Librarian II (LRMDS)

ELMAR L. CABRERA
PDO II (LRMDS)

MARIA ACENITH D. PASTOR

Writer

RADHIYA A. ABABON
Lay-out Artist
_________________________________

ALPHA QA TEAM
LITTIE BETH S. BERNADEZ
MERCYDITHA D. ENOLPE
RONALD TOLENTINO
DIDITH T. YAP

BETA QA TEAM
ELIZABETH A. ALAP-AP
EPIFANIA Q. CUEVAS
NIDA BARBARA S. SUASIN
VRENDIE P. SYGACO
MELBA S. TUMARONG
HANNAHLY I. UMALI

DISCLAIMER

The information, activities and assessments used in this material are designed to provide accessible learning modality to the teachers
and learners of the Division of Negros Oriental. The contents of this module are carefully researched, chosen, and evaluated to comply with the
set learning competencies. The writers and evaluator were clearly instructed to give credits to information and illustrations used to substantiate
this material. All content is subject to copyright and may not be reproduced in any form without expressed written consent from the division.
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 SYNOPSIS AND ABOUT THE AUTHOR
This Self-Learning Kit (SLK) ANSWER KEY
talks about the core principles of Pre- Test
business. It includes fairness, 1. True 6. True
accountability, transparency 2. True 7. True
and stewardship. 3. True 8. True
4. False 9. True
5. False 10. False
In this SLK not only the Post- Test
principles of business is being 1. Accountability 6.Transparency
presented but also positive 2. Accountability 7. Transparency
3. Human Skills 8. Fairness
outlook, skills and interest in life
4. Fairness 9. Transparency
to become a well- developed 5. Accountability 10. Stewardship
individual.
Essay: Answers may vary
AA

AUTHOR
MARIA ACENITH D. PASTOR received her
Certificate of Professional Education last March 2014
at St. Francis College of Guihulngan, Guihulngan City,
Negros Oriental. She was a graduate of Bachelor of
Science in Commerce major in Business
Administration at University of San Jose- Recoletos,
Cebu City in 1999. She is pursuing her Master’s
Degree major in Administration and Supervision at STI
West Negros , in Bacolod City, Negros Occidental.
She is currently teaching at Demetrio L. Alviola
National High School, Bindoy Negros Oriental
handling Accountancy, Business and Management
(ABM) subjects. She is also a Grade 12- ABM adviser,
the Career Guidance and GAD coordinator of the
said school.

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 REFERENCES
Raceles, A. 2017. Business Ethics and Social Responsibilty. Quezon City: Rex
Bookstore

Core principles of fairness, accountability, and transparency. Retrieved from

https://www.coursehero.com/

Ethics and social responsibility unit 120190708. Retrieved from

https://www.academia.edu/

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