Class suspension assignment 1 - 5.4Balanced diet (Book 1A, p.

5-25)

A The food pyramid (Book 1A, p. 5-25)

 A (1) _____balanced_______ __diet _____________ (均衡膳食) consists of all the food substances in

the right (2) _____amounts__________ and (3) _____proportions__________.

 We can make use of the (4) ____food_______ ___pyramid________ (食物金字塔) as a guideline to plan

a balanced diet. In the food pyramid, foods are classified into six food groups:

fat, oil, salt and

sugar

dairy products meat, eggs and beans

vegetable fruits
s

cereals and
grains

We should also take in 6–8 glasses of fluid every

day.
▲ Food
pyramid

Food group Relative amount to be eaten

I Cereals and grains a Eat less

II Dairy products b Eat moderately

III Fat, oil, salt and sugar c Eat more

IV Fruits d Eat the most

V Meat, eggs and beans

VI Vegetables
 I: (5) ______d___ II: (6) ___b___ III: (7) ____a____

IV: (8) ____c_____ V: (9) ____b____ VI: (10) __c

B Factors affecting our dietary requirements (Book 1A, p. 5-26)

Factor Effect on dietary requirement

 Children and teenagers need a large amount of (11) _____proteins_______,

calcium and iron for building body tissues.

 Children require the greatest amount of (12) __energy_________ per unit

body mass because they have the highest growth rate and the highest metabolic

rate. Children also have the highest rate of (13) _____heat__________ loss as

their surface area to volume ratio is the highest among all age groups.

Surface area to volume ratio

Age

Length of one Total surface Surface area to volume

side area ratio
Volume
(total surface area ÷
volume)
1 cm 6 cm2 1 cm3 6/1 = 6

5 cm 150 cm2 125 cm3 150/125 =1.2

10 cm 600cm2 1000cm3 600/1000=0.6

Sex  After puberty, males generally need (14) _____more__________ (more / less)
 energy than females. This is because males usually have a higher metabolic

rate due to their (15) _______large________ (larger / smaller) body size.

Moreover, males have (16) ______less_________ (more / less) fat under the

skin. They lose heat more rapidly through the body surface.

 Males need more (17) ______proteins_________ than females for the growth

and repair of muscles.

 Females need more (18) ____iron___________ than males to replace the loss

during (19) _______menstruation________ (月經).

Level of  People who are more physically active need more energy for muscular

activity activities.

 Pregnant women need more energy and proteins for the growth of the

(20) _____foteus__________ (胎兒). They also need more (21)

Body
__________iron_____ for the formation of foetal red blood cells.
status
 Breast-feeding mothers need an extra supply of various types of nutrients for

(22) ___milk____________ production.

C What health problems may arise if we eat too little or too

much? (Book 1A, p. 5-28)

 (23) _____Anorexia______ ______nervosa_________ (神經性厭食) is a disease of under-eating.

Patients with this disease refuse to eat because they are afraid of gaining weight. They may become

seriously weak.

 If we take in more energy than we need, we may become (24) _____overweight__________ (過重). The

condition of being seriously overweight is called (25) _______obesity________ (肥胖症).