PSHS

Polarity
of Molecule
GRADE 12 – WEEK 2
 Objectives
D IS CU S S ION P OIN TS

Polarity
Dipole Moment
Electronegativity
VSEPR model
Solubility and Miscibility
 Molecule
A molecule is two or more atoms
connected by chemical bonds
 Compound
a substance made from two or more
different elements that have been
chemically joined
 Polarity
is a physical property of compounds which
relates other physical properties such as
melting and boiling points, solubility, and
intermolecular interactions between
molecules.
 Bond Polarity
is a separation of electric charge leading
to a molecule or its chemical groups
having an electric dipole moment, with a
negatively charged end and a positively
charged end.
 Ionic Bond
• Complete transfer of one or more valence electron
• Fully charges on resulting ions
 Polar Covalent Bond
• Bonding electrons shared unequally between two atoms.
• Partial charges on atoms.
 Nonpolar Covalent Bond
• Bonding electrons shared equally between two atoms.
• No charges on atoms
1 8
2 3 4 5 6 7
Dipole Moment
is a quantity that describes
two opposite charges
separated by a distance
 Electronegativity
is a property of an atom to attract electrons. If one element
has a higher electronegativity than another, more electrons
will go near it, making that side of the molecule negatively
charge and the other side of the molecule becomes
positively charged creating a dipole moment
 ∆𝐸𝑁 = 𝐸𝑁! − 𝐸𝑁"
Where:
∆𝐸𝑁 = d i f fe r e n c e i n e l e c t r o n e ga t i v i t y
𝐸𝑁! = e l e c t r o n e ga t i v i t y o f e l e m e n t 1
𝐸𝑁" = e l e c t r o n e ga t i v i t y o f e l e m e n t 2
• Molecular Geometry
is the three-dimensional (3D) arrangement of atoms in a molecule
• Determining whether a molecule is polar or
non-polar, just look the geometry of the atom. If
the atoms in the molecule are symmetrical, the
charges are balanced by each other than the
molecule is considered as non-polar molecule.
• Valence-shell electron-pair repulsion (VSEPR) model
accounts for the geometric arrangements of electron pairs around a
central atom in terms of electrostatic repulsion between electron pairs

Guidelines for Applying (VSEPR) Model

• Draw Lewis Structure of the molecule, considering only the electron
pairs around the central atom.

• Count the number of electron pairs around the central atom

(bonding pairs and lone pairs).
 • Lewis Structure
is a very simplified representation of the
valence shell electrons in a molecule.
1 8
2 3 4 5 6 7
 𝐶𝑂!
• Draw Lewis Structure of the molecule, considering only the electron
pairs around the central atom.
• Count the number of electron pairs around the central atom
(bonding pairs and lone pairs).
𝑁𝐻#
 Less than an Expanded
Octet Octet

Fail to complete an Refers to the

octet Lewis structures
where the
Ex. central atom
𝐵𝐻! ends up with
more than an
octet
Ex.

𝑃𝐶𝑙"
 Solubility
is the ability of a substance
in its solid, liquid, or gas
state to dissolve in a
solvent to give a
homogeneous solution.
Miscibility
occurs when two liquids with
similar polarity (and, therefore,
similar intermolecular
interactions) are combined and
the liquids mix to form a
homogeneous solution.
Activity

• Answer Activity 1 (page 7 of Physical Science Module 1)

• Draw Lewis Dot structure of the following compound.

CCl4 H2S CH2Br2 SO3 C2H6
 Thank you!
KE E P S AF E AN D HAV E A N I CE D AY.