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Who among the following developed the law of octaves?

John Newlands

Which among the following experiment set-ups was used by Henry Mosely during his X-ray experiment?

Which of the following concepts describes the property of an element as a function of its atomic
number?

periodic law
Which of the following statements were in parallel with Robert Boyle’s idea of an element when he
debunked Aristotle’s four-element theory?

Water can still be deduced into simpler substances such as oxygen and hydrogen .

Which of the following descriptions correctly describes de Chancourtois’ periodic table?

The telluric screw was developed to be a three-dimensional periodic table.

Which component of the periodic table did Dalton’s list focus on?

atomic symbols

Which of the following developments pushed chemists to shift their focus from simply listing elements
to finding patterns in characteristics?

Elements being discovered during the 18th to 19th centuries and were found to have similar
properties with existing ones.
A 18th-century chemist was comparing five samples of elements based on their density, reactivity, and physical
phase. Below are the specific details of these samples. Based on these data, which of the following combinations
of elements would the chemist should group together?

• Element H
• Element C
• Element M

A 19th-century chemist was comparing five samples of bases. These bases are made of a metal and a hydroxide
ion. As he conducts the comparison experiment, he listed down the characteristics of the metals in a chart. Which
of the following metals will you expect to produce similar bases?

• Element O
• Element S
• Element B

Which of the following values best represent the density of phosphorus? Use the densities (in g/mL) of
the following elements.

1.823g/cm3
What type of grouping arranges elements in a horizontal direction?

Period

These elements have complete valence electrons and are mostly nonreactive. What are they called?

• inert gases
• noble gases

These elements occupy the s- and p-blocks, and are often classified under group A of the CAS (Chemical
Abstract Service) notation. What are they called?

representative elements

Which of the following elements belong to group 14?

Ge Pb

Which of the following elements are actinides, and which are lanthanides?

Ce lanthanide

Pu actinide

U actinide

Nd lanthanide

According to the CAS notation, in which group should scandium (Z = 21) belong?

3B

In which block will fluorine (Z = 9) be seen?

p-block
A chemistry student was asked by his teacher to identify the type of element based on its location on the periodic
table. If the element is found immediately on the left side of Argon, what is the classification of the element?

Nonmetal
A chemist is analyzing an unknown element. The substance was found on a label that says it belongs to a rare earth
group together with cerium and samarium. What block does the element belong?

f-block
A research assistant was tasked to observe the reaction of Element X with oxygen. So far, what she knew about
Element X is that it exists as a gas at room temperature and is both colorless and odorless. After 7 hours of
observation, the research assistant concludes that element X does not react with oxygen. From which group would
Element X be more likely from?

Group 18
Which of the following families is located in group 3?

transition metals

Which of the following families is occupying the f-block?

• actinides
• lanthanides

Which of the following family has the most metalloids?

• carbon group
• nitrogen group

Which of the following elements does not belong to the alkaline earth metal family?

Ga

Which of the following elements is nonreactive?

Xe

Which of the following groups of elements do not represent a family?

As, Se, Br, Kr

Which of the following elements will form a strong base when combined with hydroxide?

Na
Martin is working as a researcher for a semiconductor company. He is looking for an element that can both
conduct electricity effectively and can withstand heat. Which group of elements will you recommend Martin to
look at?

carbon group

Rose is working as a civil engineer for a shipbuilding company. She is looking for materials derived from elements
that are both malleable and have high tensile strength. Which group of elements will you recommend Rose to look
at?

transition metals

Karen is working for a merchandising company. One of her projects is to develop a light stick for
concerts. Which group of elements will you recommend Karen to include in their product?

Ne, Ar, He

Which periodic trend focuses on the atomic radius of an element?

atomic size
What is the minimum energy required to remove an electron from an atom in its ground state?

ionization energy

Which periodic trend relies on the chemical bonding between two atoms?

Electronegativity

Arrange the following elements in increasing first ionization energy

• Ca
• As
• Br

What is the correct arrangement of the following elements in order of increasing atomic size?

• N
• P
• As
• Sb

What is the correct arrangement of the following elements in order of increasing electronegativity?

• Na
• P
• S
• Cl

How should the order of the halogens look like if they follow an increasing electron affinity?

• At
• I
• Br
• Cl

Which of the following best explains why some noble gases are normally omitted in electron affinity
trend?

• Noble gases are already stable. They do not need to gain additional electrons anymore.
• Noble gases have completely filled-in shells. They do not want to accommodate
additional electrons.

David is performing a trial for his new pollutant absorber device. The absorber intends to take out heavy metals
like palladium, cadmium, and molybdenum from streams and rivers affected by alloy producing factories. He plans
to use an element which can easily bond with the metals, while the other parts of the device will trap the formed
compound. Which of the following elements will you suggest to David to use?

Sulfur
Sheena, a material scientist, is studying the effect of radicals in the production of plastic polymers. She wanted to
look for an element that easily gives off an electron and that can potentially be turned into a radical. Which of the
following elements will you suggest Sheena to use in her experiment?

Rubidium

Who among the scientists below proposed the plum pudding model of the atom?

JJ Thomson

What model of the atom did John Dalton theorize?

solid sphere model

How was the earliest image of the atom presented by Democritus?

• An atom cannot be further divided.

• An atom was indivisible.

Which of the following resulted from the cathode ray experiment?

discovery of electrons

Which of the following describes the behavior of alpha particles in Rutherford’s experiment?

Most of the particles passed through the foil.

Which of the following were not yet proven during the period of John Dalton’s atomic model and
theory?

• Atoms are made up of smaller particles and is mostly space.

• Atoms contain positive and negative charges.

Which of the following correctly describes the conclusion that Rutherford made from his gold foil
experiment?

A densely packed, positively charged region is found at the center of an atom .

Which of the following is correctly paired?

Which of the following best provides a valid reason why Rutherford used gold in his experiment?

Gold is a malleable metal, allowing him to make the thinnest layer possible .

How would the results of Rutherford’s experiment differ if atoms were consistent with the plum
pudding model of JJ Thomson?

The alpha particles will pass through with very little deflection.
What are the three subatomic particles found in an atom?

• protons
• neutrons
• electrons

What subatomic particles are found in the nucleus of an atom?

• proton
• neutron

What subatomic particle has a relative charge of +1?

Protons

Which of the following depicts the correct atomic model for helium?

2 protons 2 neutrons

Which of the following statements is correct about the structure of an atom?

The size of the nucleus of the atom is extremely small compared to the size of the atom.

Which of the following statements correctly describes why electrically neutral substances have no
charge?

Because the negative charges of the electrons cancel the positive charges of the protons .

Given an electrically neutral element Z, how should the table below be completed?

79

Which of the following atoms will not exist as an electrically neutral atom?

• B
• C

Yttrium is a widely used metal for strengthening the alloys of aluminum and magnesium. Its oxide is also used to
make camera lenses resistant to heat and shock. Which of the following is most likely true about yttrium’s atomic
structure?

Yttrium’s nucleus is heavier than the 39 electrons surrounding it .

If the electron of a given atom has a mass of 9.103×10−28g, what is the mass of its proton in grams?

1.675×10−24g

Which of the following correctly describes the mass number of an atom?

The mass number is the sum of the number of protons and neutrons in an atom .
Which of the following is true about the atomic number?

The atomic number describes the number of protons in an atom .

When the atomic number is subtracted from the mass number, what can be obtained?

number of neutrons in the atom

The diagram below shows the nucleus of an atom of element Z.

Which pair of atoms contain the same number of neutrons?

Cs and Xe

Study the given table below. Which of the following statements is true?

X has 8 protons, 8 neutrons, and 8 electrons.

An atom has an atomic number of 13 and a mass number of 27. How many electrons does this atom
have?

13
The table below shows the atomic number and mass number of some elements. Which of the given elements
contain the same number of protons and neutrons in an atom?

Carbon

The table below shows the atomic number and mass number of some elements. How many neutrons
are there in an atom of fluorine?

10
One of the substances used in regulating the thickness of paper is thallium-204. Which of the following shows the
correct number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in thallium-204?

When comparing the subatomic particles in isotopes of the same element, which is(are) equal in
quantity?

protons and electrons

Which of the following statements is true about isotopes?

• Isotopes of the same element have similar chemical properties but slightly different
physical properties.
• Isotopes are atoms which have the same atomic number and different mass numbers.
• Isotopes are atoms which have the same number of protons and electrons but different
number of neutrons.
Hydrogen has three isotopes: hydrogen-1, hydrogen-2, and hydrogen-3. Which of the following is
correct about the isotopes of hydrogen?

Hydrogen-3 has two neutrons.

The table below shows some information about two atoms, A and B. Which of the following statement
is incorrect about A and B?

They have the same number of neutrons.

Given below are isotopes of element Y. Which isotope of Y has the least number of neutrons?

Y-21

The table below shows the subatomic particles in five atoms. Which pairs of atoms are isotopes?

A and C; B and E

Given below are isotopes of element X. Which isotope of X has the most number of neutrons?

X-24

Silver (Ag), which is an element that occurs naturally, has two types of atom: Which of the following
correctly describes the number of subatomic particles in these two types of silver atoms?

Silver (Ag), which is an element that occurs naturally, has two types of atom: Which of the following
statements is true about the two atoms of silver?

• Ag-107 and Ag-109 differ slightly in their melting points.

• Ag-107 and Ag-109 have the same reactivity.

Which of the following pairs of atoms are most likely isotopes of the same element?

W and N

Which of the following occurs when an atom gains an electron?

• An anion will be formed.

• An atom will have less count of protons than electrons.

Which of the following occurs when an atom loses an electron?

• An atom will have more count of protons than electrons.

• A cation will be formed.
Which of the following correctly differentiates a cation from an anion?

• A cation is a positively charged ion while an anion is a negatively charged ion.

• A cation is formed when an atom loses electrons while an anion is formed when an atom
gains electrons.

What ion will be formed if an atom Z loses two electrons?

Z2+

What ion will be formed if an atom Y gains two electrons?

Y2−

The table below shows the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in an atom and the ion it forms.
Which of the following correctly describes the ion formed by the atom?

The ion formed is a cation with a charge of +3.

The table below shows the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in a silver atom and the ion it
forms. Which of the following correctly represents the ion formed by silver?

Ag+

Given below is a description of different atoms and the behavior of its electrons. Which of the following
statements is true?

W and Y form anions, X and Z form cations.

Given below is a description of different atoms and the behavior of its electrons. Which of the following
shows the ions formed by each of the atoms?

W− X2+ Y2−− Z+

The atomic numbers and mass numbers of sodium (Na), beryllium (Be), and bromine (Br) are given in
the table below. If the given atoms form the ions Na+Na+, Be2+Be2+, and Br−Br−, which of the following
correctly shows the number of protons, neutrons, and electrons in each of these ions?

Which of the following statements is true?

Liquids have a fixed volume but no fixed shape.

Abby, Alex, and Sam were discussing the kinetic particle theory. Abby said that in a solid, the particles are closely
packed together. Alex said that all particles move at a constant speed. Sam said that a higher temperature causes
particles to move faster. Who among the three is correct?

• Abby
• Sam
Which of the following diagrams correctly represents the particles in gas?

The hydraulic breaks in cars are filled with liquids but not with gases because they are easily compressed
compared to liquids. What can be inferred from this statement?

The gas particles are spaced farther apart than the liquid particles.

Which of the following substances is correctly paired with its properties at room temperature (25∘C)?
carbon dioxide
When liquids such as oil and alcohol are transferred from one container to another, their volume remains the
same. However, their shape follows the shape of the container. Which of the following statements correctly
describes why liquids do not have a fixed shape?

Liquids do not have a fixed shape because their particles only have moderate attractive forces .

Consider the substances given below: water vapor, mercury, oil, table salt At room temperature (25∘C),
which of given substances will not have a fixed shape and volume, and can be compressed?

water vapor

Study the given table below. Which of the following is the possible identity of the substances at room
temperature?

A: diamond, B: hydrogen, C: ethanol

The images below represent the particles of three different substances at room temperature. Which
diagrams correctly represent the particles of oxygen, silver, and mercury at room temperature?

X: mercury, Y: oxygen, Z: silver

At temperature 1 (T1), substance X have particles that cannot be compressed. Upon heating to temperature 2 (T2),
its particles start to move rapidly and become spaced far apart. It also becomes compressible. What is most likely
the state of the substance at these two temperatures?

• T1: solid, T2: gas

• T1: liquid, T2: gas

Which of the following correctly describes how heat behaves?

It moves from a warmer region to a colder region.

Which of the following processes is correctly paired with the given phase change?

condensation: gas turns into liquid

What happens to the kinetic energy of a liquid substance when it undergoes freezing?

Its kinetic energy becomes lower.

Which of the following phase change demonstrates that heat is lost by the particles to the
surroundings?

• condensation
• freezing

Which of the following situations will occur when there is an increase in temperature?

• Wet clothes dry faster on a hot day.

• Dry ice sublimes.

Which of the following situations involve decreasing the energy and lessening the movement of
particles?

• formation of snow
• formation of mist on a car windshield

Which of the following situations involves particles losing kinetic energy and having stronger attractive
forces?

placing a melted butter inside the refrigerator

Study the table below. Which of the following statements correctly describes the movement of particles
of each substance over a period of 30 minutes?

Substance A will gain energy; particles will vibrate faster; attractive forces will weaken .

Study the table below. Which of the following processes will most likely represent the temperature
change showed by substance B?

• freezing
• condensation

Study the table below. If substance A has a melting point of 25∘C and a boiling point of 85∘C, at which
time interval will substance A be solid, liquid, and gas?

• 20 to 30 minutes GAS

• 10 to 20 minutes LIQUID

• before 0 to 10 minutes SOLID

• 0 to 10 minutes LIQUID

Which of the following statements correctly describes the heat of fusion of a substance?

The heat of fusion is the amount of energy required to change a gram of a solid substance into
liquid, without changing the temperature.
Which of the following statements correctly describes the melting point of a substance?

• The melting point is the temperature at which solid starts melting.

• The melting point is the temperature at which solid starts turning into liquid.

Which of the following units correctly expresses the heat of fusion of a substance?

joules per gram

When a solid undergoes the melting process, the temperature remains the same even though heating
continues. What could be the reason for this?

The heat is being used to break the attraction between particles .

The heat of fusion of iron is 209J/g. Between two amounts of iron – 50 grams and 100 grams, which of
the two will take a longer time to melt completely?

100 grams of iron

Substance A has a heat of fusion of 125J/g. Substance B has a heat of fusion of 20J/g. How will you
compare the melting point of substance A compared to the melting point of substance B?

Substance A will have a higher melting point than B.

The graph below show the heating curve of an unknown substance with a melting point of 30 °C. At
which point will all of the substance be converted to liquid?

The table below shows the heat of fusion of benzene, gold, lead, and sodium. What is the correct
arrangement of the following substances in order of increasing melting point?

• lead
• gold
• sodium
• benzene

Five elements have the following melting points. Which of the following substances will exist as solid at
30ºC?

Which of the following substances has the highest heat of fusion?