Colonization

Mercantilism The “PIZZA” theory of Mercantilism

This is an economic theory that a country should __________ more
than they import in order to gain more wealth. In the 16th and 17th
centuries, more wealth meant more ___________.
In order to have more products to export, countries needed more
___________. To find these resources, many European nations
began to send _____________ to colonize the New World (North
and South America).
Import: To buy goods and services _______ another country.
Export: To sell goods and ___________ to another country.
This theory states that the ______________ has a limited
amount of resources. Whoever can claim the ___________
piece of the “pie” will get the most resources and wealth. If
you don’t go get it, someone else will and then they will
become more __________________ than you!
“The New World”

England claimed land in

_________ America and began
to import raw materials from
the colonies to England. The
raw materials were used to
produce ____________ goods in
England. These goods were
then sold to other countries and
back to the colonies.
Mother
Country
Colonies
ss Trans-Atlantic Trade
1. Mercantilism also inspired Britain to control
____________________ with its American colonies.
2. Trans-Atlantic trade or the Triangular Trade
connected Europe, the Americas, and Africa through
________________.
3. All goods shipped to or from British North America
had to travel in British ships, and any goods exported
to Europe had to land first in Britain to pay British
____________.
4. These restrictions were designed to keep the
colonies from _______________ against Britain.
 Southern Colonies
Relationship with American Indians
At first the colonists had a ______________ coexistence
with the Indians.
As more colonists came, however, the relationship
became more ____________. The colonists took over
more ___________ and the Indians fought to keep it.
Jamestown
Founded in: 1607 (1st __________________ English Colony)
Why founded?: To find gold and make a ___________
What saved Jamestown?: ______________! John Rolfe
brought tobacco seeds and soon they were making a lot of
_______________ exporting tobacco to Europe.
Why were most of the Southern Colonies founded?
MONEY! England needed more _____________ to produce
more goods to export to other countries. The Southern
Colonies were mostly founded in order to make a profit.
Investors put _________ into sending people over to the
new world to create colonies and find __________ and other
valuable resources in the hope of making money.
What was the Economy based on?
__________________! The rich soil and long growing season
was perfect for growing cash _________. Most big plantations
were located south of the fall line. North of the fall line more
people were _________________ farmers (grew only enough
for themselves).
Cash Crops were labor intensive which lead to using
________________ servants. Eventually most plantation
owners began to buy African _________ to replace indentured
servants to grow crops such as _________+, indigo and
tobacco.
 Middle/Mid-Atlantic Colonies
Reasons Established
The Dutch settled New Netherland
in ________. It was founded to
make money for the Netherlands
(fur trade). The port of New
Amsterdam (present day New
York) was the center of _________
trade.
England took control of New
Netherland in 1664 with little
resistance and renamed it
______________
The Mid-Atlantic colonies were
known for its cultural and religious
____________ and its tolerance
for different religion.
Impact of Location and Place
The _______________ colonies
had good harbor and river
systems. The rivers allowed
_________ to move into the
interior of North America.
The Mid-Atlantic colonies, such as
New York, helped move
__________ to markets in other
colonies and Europe
This ease of trade allowed cities
such as New York City and
______________ to become
commercial hubs for all of
England’s American colonies.

Economy Relations with the American Indians

 Good ________ and harbors allowed
for strong merchant/shipping centers
 Farmed large quantities of ________
and corn
 Served as a bridge between the large
plantation of the __________and the
merchants of New England.
The Algonquin and _____________ Indians
lived in the Mid-Atlantic colonies. The
colonists here were more ____________ of
the Indians and relied upon them for trade.
There was _______ CONFLICT here than other
areas. Pennsylvania was particularly respectful
to the Indians and William _______ insisted on
paying them for their land.
 New England Colonies

Reasons Established Impact of Location and Place

Religious Freedom!
The Pilgrims (another type of
Puritan) founded _________
Colony in 1620. The
______________ founded
Massachusetts Bay in 1630.
Both of these groups wanted to
escape persecution from the
Church of _______________.
The Puritans were _______ tolerant
of other people’s religions
however. If you did not
believe the way they
believed then you were
not welcome in their
____________.
The geography of __________
meant that farming would not be
easy because of thin, rocky soil
and short growing seasons.
However, plentiful _________
and proximity (closeness) to the
ocean led New Englanders to
develop an economy based on:
 Shipbuilding
 Fishing
 Lumber
 ___________
 Commercial trade in its
harbors Ex. Boston

Relationship with the American Indians King Phillip’s _______

 Puritans saw the American Indians as needing to
be saved from their ___________ ways.
 In the beginning the relationship was peaceful and
based on _______. The Puritans/Pilgrims needed
help from the Indians.
 As more settlers came, conflict over _________
and resources increased and resulted in several
bloody _______.
 King Phillip’s real name was Metacom.
 He was the __________ of the local
American Indian tribe.
 He led his people to try to fight for
their __________ against the settlers.
 The Indians lost and large areas of New
England were opened to ___________
settlement.
 Slavery in the Colonies
Tobacco
 As _____________ and other cash crops prospered in the
colonies, farmers began to expand the size of their farms. As
the farms got larger, the need for ____________grew and
farmers began buying _____________ slaves.
 The first Africans arrived in __________ in 1619. Most slaves
lived in the South, but all Colonies allowed and had slaves.
Middle Passage
 This was the voyage that _____________ were forced
from Africa to the New World. Slaves were originally
captured by African _____________ and then bartered to
European slavers for _______, cloth, weapons and other
manufactured goods.
 Between 300-400 slaves were packed into the cargo hold
of a _______. Conditions were horrible and 2 out of every
10 slaves died on the ______________ passage.
African Culture
 There was no single _________ culture. People
brought from West Africa represented a large number
of different ______________.
 Slave owners attempted to replace the slave’s culture
with their own. However, a new _________ culture
was created which was a unique African
American/Black culture.
African Contributions to the New World
Foods: _________, Watermelon, yams, rice and grits
Languages: Blending language patterns resulted in Creole in
Louisiana and Gullah in __________ and the _____________.
Architecture: Slave labor often built the home of the
Southern plantations.
 The __________ house has been traced back to
Africa. Shotgun houses are long and skinny with
the entrance on the short side.
Agriculture: West African slaves brought knowledge of
growing _______. This knowledge was a great benefit to the
economies of Georgia and the Carolinas.
 Colonial Self-Governance during the
period of Salutary Neglect
Self-Governance: The ability to
govern oneself. This means that
the ________ choose their
representatives and create their
own ____________ _________.
Salutary Neglect: This was a time
period in the colonies when England
allowed them to ______ themselves
as long as the mother country
continued to receive an adequate
supply of ____________.
The Glorious Revolution
 1685: King James II (a _________) tried to rule England
without Parliament. He also put the English colonies
under more restrictive rule including appointing Royal
Governors instead of allowing for colonial assemblies.
 1689: England’s Protestant majority rebelled against
King ________ II and replaced him with Protestants King
William and Queen Mary who signed the English Bill of
Rights.
 The colonies were allowed to re-establish their local
_______________.
 1721: Robert Walpole became the first ________
Minister of England and he believed in Salutary Neglect.
He believed that the colonies would be more
economically productive if they were not restricted by
policies such as the Navigation _______.
 Great Awakening
A Religious Revival! Famous Ministers (Preachers)

George Whitefield
William Tennant

Jonathan Edwards

 The Great ______________ was a religious New Denominations:

movement influenced
Self-Government in by
thethe revivals that were
Colonies
sweeping through Ireland, Scotland and  Baptists
 House of Burgesses: Established 1619 in  _______________
_______________ in the 1730’s.
__________, VA. White men were locally elected to  Presbyterians
 A revival is when church members “revive” their faith
make laws and levy taxes.
in God and remind themselves that they are
Only ___________ and how they should live their lives as
________ men The most famous Bacon’s
sermonRebellion
of the Great Awakening was
believers in _______.
who owned property In the“Sinners in the
late 1670’s Hands of an
in Jamestown, ________
former God” servants
indentured by Jonathan
had
 These revivals placed an emphasis on the __________ Edwards.
could vote. worked off theirThis
debtsermon wasonly
but could meant to remind
afford ______ people
on the that if
religious experience rather than religious experience theyofdidn’t
House of Burgesses outskirts town. go back
This left to God
them that theytowould
vulnerable Indian_______ in
_________.
through church doctrine (___________).
 New England Town Meeting: These were meeting Hell.that the House of Burgesses was not protecting them
They felt
in which
It challenged ___________ ________________
all white _______ citizens could come and as even though they paid _____________.
colonists questioned the
vote directly on public issues. need to follow not only the
 Bychurch of England,
the beginning butRevolutionary
of the also the ordersWar the English Nathaniel Bacon led these poor citizens first against the American
ofeach
monarchy _________ and then against the Jamestown elite. The Governor
colony had a and its ________________.
governor and an elected
____________.
Individual prayer and personal study of the fled and Jamestown was taken over. Bacon soon died of a fever
Most colonists were used to having
___________ was encouraged. and the rebellion died. However, this established the expectation
taxes and laws passed by local governments.
 The Great Awakening caused colonist to see that the government should protect all citizens not just the _____.
themselves as independent thinkers and capable of
self-_______ with no need for a King or the Church of
England.