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INGLÉS: LECTO-ESCRITURA Y METODOLOGÍA DE LA

ENSEÑANZA BASADA EN EL TEXTO PARA PRIMARIA
4º Grado en Maestro/a de Educación Primaria

Facultad de Educación
Universidad de Alicante

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 In English, one letter has got many sounds.

One sound may make use of one, two or more graphemes (letters).

One letter has many sounds. For example:

A ฀cat, sea, Kate

One sound, may be represented by different letters.

Silence / ChessF

Schwa sound

Magic - Kite “e”-฀cute (no se pronuncia la e, pero la u se pronuncia como en el abecedario)

V + C + “e”

One sound can be represented by one letter, two letters or lots. Example: /u:/ ฀ u, oo, ough

Two letters for one sound = diagraph

Ough – 8 different sounds.

Alphabet – the name of the letters has nothing to do with the sound.

English is about consonants.

- Different ways of representing a single sound in English.

/k/ - cat, kiss, pick, Christmas, question

Remember: Each sond in English can be represented by 1 letter, by 2 letters (diagraphs) or by

more letters (through)

Dictionaries: WordReference, Cambridge Dictionaries Online, Collins Dictionary Online, Oxford

English Dictionary.

Spanish: almost a 1 to 1 letter sound equivalence (just a few exceptions: cereza, zapato)

English: no 1- to – 1 relation between the system of writing and the system of pronunciation.

- The alphabet which we use to write English has 26 letters but in (Standard British)
English there are about 42/44* speech sounds.

*Discuss when we study Jolly Phonics Programme.

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 - To represent the basic sounds of spoken languages linguists, use a set of phonetic
symbols called the International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

Languages are complicated systems which let us express our thoughts by means of “vocal
noises”, and to extract meaning from these “noises” (or speech sounds).

- In some languages these noises can be represented through drawings.

Some concepts are easy to explain in another language (flashcards)

How about? Love, Fear, Envy, Procrastination. -฀ Translanguage. (Spanglish)

Linguistics is the study of the nature and properties of these systems.

PHONEMES IS NOT THE SAME AS ALLOPHONES

- Phoneme: the minimum unit in languages making a difference in meaning. As in pat vs

bat, pin and bin,pound vs bound

- Allophone: a non-distinctive individual variation of a phoneme. The use of one

allophone does not change the meaning of a word. Ejemplo: Vaya – valla. Party (uk)
Party (us)

PHONETICS: studies the sounds of a language and their di

Phonemes vs Allophones

Phonemes – Minimum unit in the languages. The meaning changes (bit – bat) (bound-pound)

Allophones – Different way of pronouncing one phoneme.

Phonetics vs Phonology - not important

Diagraphs – to letters for 1 sound. (cheese, shout)

1 Sound – can be written with one letter (c, s) , two letters (ce,sc, sh, th) , 3 letters( tio – action)
or 4 letters (ough)

Oo ฀ /u:/

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 English – 1 letter = 1 sound (+/-)

1 letter = many sounds

1 sound = written in many ways.

A : play, can, bat

CH: chemistry, chef

S: Science, chess, side, cinema

Ough – 8 different sounds

English – 26 letters and 44 sounds. We represent these sounds through the International
Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)

English is a mixture between German and French.

Schwa sound. (father) -> The most complex sound in English.

Not all languages have a written code.

Communication is a very complex phenomenon.

CUP ฀ L1 and L2 are connected. If there are more languages, there are all connected too.

Translanguage – it is okay if sometimes we use our mother tongue to explain some concepts.

Magic E :

Kit – kite

Cut – cute v + c + magic E ----- la primera vocal suena como la propia vocal

Magic E = It is also called Split diagraph.

Exam : sentence with symbols and we have to translate them in REAL English.

Minimal pairs:

-2 words with different meanings that are identical except for one sound element that occurs in
the same place of each word.

In other words: Two different words that have the same number of sounds which are placed in
the same position and are identical except for one sound.

Cup ฀ cop

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 Cup ฀ cap

Bit ฀ bat

Bit ฀ quit (qu : diagraph)

Bit ฀ Boat ( oa: diphthong)

Bit ฀ Bill

Bit ฀ Beat

Bit ฀boot (oo: diagraph)

ACTIVITY ABOUT MINIMAL PAIRS

BAT ฀ boot, boat

PILL ฀ pull, CHILL, BILL

CAP ฀ COP, CUP,CAT, CASH, CAR, CAN

RATE ฀ MATE, GATE

ZOO ฀ POO, TOO,

HOT ฀ HIT, HAT, HUT, HOP, HOCK, HOG

NECK ฀ NET,NICK,

CHEAP ฀ CHIP, CHEAT, CHOP,HEAP

BET ฀ BIT, MET, PET, SET, BIT, BAT, BOOT, BEAT

RAT ฀ CAT, MAT, SAT, ROOT

SIT ฀ SAT, SICK, SING, FIT, LIT, SHIT, HIT

SHOE ฀ SHOT, SHY,

SHOOT ฀ ROOT, FOOT,

DIFFERENT ฀ DIFFERENCE

English is an international language

A language tends to be associated it a standard language (prestige)

Dialect ฀ problematic term ฀ Isoglosses/ Heterogloss (not important)

Idiolect – we all speak different accents

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 Rp and/ or GA pronunciation are the models w will use in this course.

Received pronunciation. The most accepted and “prestigious” accent (or standard) is the RP
English.

Known through the British radio stations and television (BBC English)

Traditionally related to the universities of Cambridge and Oxford, and to high-class people (the
English spoken by the Queen and the Royal Family)

GA English (General American) and RP English are the most studied varieties of English
language worldwide.

Homework.

In groups, can you think of fun/striking/astonishing moments in the TV shows/series you watch
(in English) concerning different accents?

ENGLISH VOWELS

‘short’

ɪ → ship

ʊ → good

e → bed (e as in spanish)

bed, pen, head

ə → teacher (the most common sound in English)

father, mother, again, about, teacher, better, singer

æ → cat

cat, bad, fat

ʌ → up

blood, love, glove

ɒ → on (almost as in spanish)

not, pot, want)

‘long’

iː→ sheep

u : → shoot

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 ɜː → bird

bird, fur, learn, nurse

ɔː → door

four, talk war

ɑː → far

start, laugh, farm

ACTIVITY

iː → feet, feel, heat, see, eat, sheep, beans, peach, seat, cheap

u : → tooth, clue, food, mood, pool

ɔː → fork, walk, water, for, also, fourth

ɑː → car, arm, far, star, chart, aunt

ɜː → shirt, world, worse, hurt, verb, third

ɪ → chin, pin, fin, ship, chip, fit, pitch, bins

ʊ → foot, full, good, cook, put, sugar, look

e → leg, bed, egg, shed, elephant

ə → finger, camel, vowel, fiction, ago

æ → hand, cat, sand, map, glad, catch

ʌ → thumb, jump, drunk, sun, duck

ɒ → clock, flop, mop, shot, god

● ‘diphthongs’
They are the result of a glide from one vowel to another within a single syllable.
English diphthongs seem to be similar to Spanish ones, but they are not pronounced
exactly the same.
Important it is not correct to …

THE 8 ENGLISH DIPHTHONGS ARE:

● /ɪə/ → ear, hear, here, cheer, deer, beer
● /eə/ → air, chair, rare, bare, their
● /ʊə/ → tour, poor, sure, moor /// different from Spanish
● /eɪ/ → say, they, pray, pay, day
● /aɪ/ → my, I, eye, ice, pie, sight, fight

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 ● /ɔɪ/ → oil , coin, voice, boy, boil
● /əʊ/ → go, so, slow, sow, bow // different from Spanish
● /aʊ/ → owl, out, count, found, bow

Challenge #1 - In group, choose one diphthong and write a sentence with as many
words containing the given diphthong as possible
/aɪ/ I am looking at my eye because I fight with my sister for a pie. That’s why last
night, a primary child tried to invite me to commit a crime, after drinking a glass of wine
while I smiled. Finally I decide to drive because the guy has arrived and he has advised
me to hide my bike.
/aɪ/ My bike is high, it is designed by Mike with white stripes and I like it because it is
the best sight for my eyes.
/aʊ/ Right now without a doubt I just found my aunt out of the house in a roundabout
laying on the ground of a pound talking loud about a drawing cow with brown crown.
/eɪ/ They say I have a pain on my waist, so they pray for me to play the game.
/eɪ/ David and Taylor will stay all day with their classmates at the same place, but at
the end of the day they will play a game at the bay.
/eɪ/ May you pray every day in the same place and in a fake way with no shame inside
the plane looking at the gate number eight.
/aɪ/ I spy with my little pirate eye a nice fight on the sight with a knife, nine wanted to
die and the alives ended up blind, so at night when there was no light I cried while I ride
my bike a fly ___ in the sky dressed with a disguise.

Challenge #2 - In pairs, write a sentence containing all eight diphthong

I(/aɪ/) drink beer(/ɪə/) in a chair(/eə/) because I am sure(/ʊə/) that the boy(/ɔɪ/) will
go(/əʊ/) out(/aʊ/) one day(/eɪ/).
My(/aɪ/) dear(/ɪə/), I(/aɪ/) found(/aʊ/) a toy(/ɔɪ/) yellow(/əʊ/) chair(/eə/) yesterday(/eɪ/)
on tour(/ʊə/).
My(/aɪ/) owl takes(/eɪ/) air(/eə/) here(/ɪə/), pretty sure(/ʊə/) and slowly(/əʊ/)
without(/aʊ/) voice(/ɔɪ/).
I(/aɪ/) found(/aʊ/) a poor(/ʊə/) boy(/ɔɪ/) going(/əʊ/) to pray(/eɪ/) with a beer(/ɪə/) and a
chair(/eə/) .
When I(/aɪ/) hear(/ɪə/) a rare(/eə/) pray(/eɪ/), I raise my voice(/ɔɪ/) so(/əʊ/) that I
ensure(/ʊə/) myself that I count(/aʊ/) properly.
My(/aɪ/) so(/əʊ/) adored cheerleading(/ɪə/) male(/eɪ/) has been found(/aʊ/) with a
boy(/ɔɪ/) laying bare(/eə/) on the ground(/aʊ/).

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 NO ESTUDIAR THE VOWEL QUADRILATER CHART
Lip rounding: whether the lips are rounded (O-shape) or spread (no rounding) when the
sound is being made. (no muy importante)
Tenseness of the articulators
● tens vowels: long
● lax vowels

A triphthong it’s a diphthong + schwa sound

Liar, fire

Layer, player

Loyal, royal, lawyer

Power, hour, flower

Lower, mower.

Tendency to relax the pronunciation of the first four triphthongs:

Higher, Tower

Prayer,

Employer

Manner of articulation – NO EXAM

Consonant:

Write the correct vowel so

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