Technical Guidelines for the

Development of Small Hydropower Plants

DESIGN

Part 5: Engineering Layout

and Hydraulic Structure

SHP/TG 002-5: 2019

DISCLAIMER
This document has been produced without formal United Nations editing. The designations and the presentation of the material in this
document do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of the Secretariat of the United Nations Industrial Development
Organization (UNIDO) concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation
of its frontiers or boundaries, or its economic system or degree of development. Designations such as “developed”, “industrialized” and
“developing” are intended for statistical convenience and do not necessarily express a judgement about the stage reached by a particular
country or area in the development process. Mention of company names or commercial products does not constitute an endorsement by
UNIDO. Although great care has been taken to maintain the accuracy of information herein, neither UNIDO nor its Member States assume
any responsibility for consequences which may arise from the use of the material. This document may be freely quoted or reprinted but
acknowledgement is requested.

© 2019 UNIDO / INSHP- All rights reserved

Technical Guidelines for the
Development of Small Hydropower Plants
DESIGN

Part 5: Engineering Layout

and Hydraulic Structure

SHP/TG 002-5: 2019

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The technical guidelines (TGs) are the result of a collaborative effort between the United Nations Industrial Development
Organization (UNIDO) and the International Network on Small Hydro Power (INSHP). About 80 international experts and 40
international agencies were involved in the document’s preparation and peer review, and they provided concrete comments
and suggestions to make the TGs professional and applicable.

UNIDO and the INSHP highly appreciate the contributions provided during the development of these guidelines and in
particular those delivered by the following international organizations:

- The Common Market for Eastern and Southern Africa(COMESA)

- The Global Network of Regional Sustainable Energy Centres (GN-SEC), particularly the ECOWAS Centre for Renewable
Energy and Energy Efficiency (ECREEE), the East African Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (EACREEE),
the Pacific Centre for Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency (PCREEE) and the Caribbean Centre for Renewable Energy
and Energy Efficiency (CCREEE).

The Chinese government has facilitated the finalization of these guidelines and was of great importance to its completion.

The development of these guidelines benefited greatly from the valuable inputs, review and constructive comments as well as
contributions received from Mr. Adnan Ahmed Shawky Atwa, Mr. Adoyi John Ochigbo, Mr. Arun Kumar, Mr. Atul Sarthak, Mr.
Bassey Edet Nkposong, Mr. Bernardo Calzadilla-Sarmiento, Ms. Chang Fangyuan, Mr. Chen Changjun, Ms. Chen Hongying , Mr.
Chen Xiaodong, Ms. Chen Yan, Ms. Chen Yueqing, Ms. Cheng Xialei, Ms. Chileshe Kapaya Matantilo, Ms. Chileshe Mpundu
Kapwepwe, Mr. Deogratias Kamweya, Mr. Dolwin Khan, Mr. Dong Guofeng, Mr. Ejaz Hussain Butt, Ms. Eva Kremere, Ms. Fang
Lin, Mr. Fu Liangliang, Mr. Garaio Donald Gafiye, Mr. Guei Guillaume Fulbert Kouhie, Mr. Guo Chenguang, Mr. Guo Hongyou,
Mr. Harold John Annegam, Ms. Hou ling, Mr. Hu Jianwei, Ms. Hu Xiaobo, Mr. Hu Yunchu, Mr. Huang Haiyang, Mr. Huang
Zhengmin, Ms. Januka Gyawali, Mr. Jiang Songkun, Mr. K. M. Dharesan Unnithan, Mr. Kipyego Cheluget, Mr. Kolade Esan, Mr.
Lamyser Castellanos Rigoberto, Mr. Li Zhiwu, Ms. Li Hui, Mr. Li Xiaoyong, Ms. Li Jingjing, Ms. Li Sa, Mr. Li Zhenggui, Ms. Liang
Hong, Mr. Liang Yong, Mr. Lin Xuxin, Mr. Liu Deyou, Mr. Liu Heng, Mr. Louis Philippe Jacques Tavernier, Ms. Lu Xiaoyan, Mr. Lv
Jianping, Mr. Manuel Mattiat, Mr. Martin Lugmayr, Mr. Mohamedain SeifElnasr, Mr. Mundia Simainga, Mr. Mukayi Musarurwa,
Mr. Olumide TaiwoAlade, Mr. Ou Chuanqi, Ms. Pan Meiting, Mr. Pan Weiping, Mr. Ralf Steffen Kaeser, Mr. Rudolf Hüpfl, Mr. Rui
Jun, Mr. Rao Dayi, Mr. Sandeep Kher, Mr. Sergio Armando Trelles Jasso, Mr. Sindiso Ngwenga, Mr. Sidney Kilmete, Ms. Sitraka
Zarasoa Rakotomahefa, Mr. Shang Zhihong, Mr. Shen Cunke, Mr. Shi Rongqing, Ms. Sanja Komadina, Mr. Tareqemtairah, Mr.
Tokihiko Fujimoto, Mr. Tovoniaina Ramanantsoa Andriampaniry, Mr. Tan Xiangqing, Mr. Tong Leyi, Mr. Wang Xinliang, Mr.
Wang Fuyun, Mr. Wang Baoluo, Mr. Wei Jianghui, Mr. Wu Cong, Ms. Xie Lihua, Mr. Xiong Jie, Ms. Xu Jie, Ms. Xu Xiaoyan, Mr. Xu
Wei, Mr. Yohane Mukabe, Mr. Yan Wenjiao, Mr. Yang Weijun, Ms. Yan Li, Mr. Yao Shenghong, Mr. Zeng Jingnian, Mr. Zhao
Guojun, Mr. Zhang Min, Mr. Zhang Liansheng, Mr. Zhang Zhenzhong, Mr. Zhang Xiaowen, Ms. Zhang Yingnan, Mr. Zheng Liang,
Mr. Mr. Zheng Yu, Mr. Zhou Shuhua, Ms. Zhu Mingjuan.

Further recommendations and suggestions for application for the update would be highly welcome.
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

Tab
leofContents

For
ewor d …………………………………………………………………………………………………… Ⅲ
I
ntroduc
tion ……………………………………………………………………………………………… Ⅳ
1 Scope …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1
2 Normat
iveref
erences ………………………………………………………………………………… 1
3 Termsanddefi
nit
ions ………………………………………………………………………………… 1
4 Fl
oodcontr
olstandad ………………………………………………………………………………… 1
r
4.
1 Genera
lprov
isons ………………………………………………………………………………… 1
i
4.
2 Permanen
thydrau
lics
truc
tue …………………………………………………………………… 2
r
4.
3 Tempo r
aryhydrauli
cstr
uct
ure …………………………………………………………………… 2
4.
4 F reeboa
r dofstr
uc t
ure …………………………………………………………………………… 2
5 Gene
ralenginee
ringlayout …………………………………………………………………………… 3
5.
1 Gene
ralprov
isons ………………………………………………………………………………… 3
i
5.
2 Dams i
tesel
ect
ion ………………………………………………………………………………… 5
5.
3 S
lui
cesit
eselect
ion ……………………………………………………………………………… 7
5.
4 S
itese
lect
ionforhyd
ropowe
rst
aton …………………………………………………………… 8
i
5.
5 Damt ypeselect
ion ………………………………………………………………………………… 8
5.
6 Pro
jectl t ……………………………………………………………………………………… 8
ayou
6 Wat
erret
ainingstr
uctu
re ……………………………………………………………………………… 9
6.
1 Gr
avi
tydam ………………………………………………………………………………………… 9
6. chDam ………………………………………………………………………………………… 38
2 Ar
6.
3 Concr
etefacedrockf
ildam …………………………………………………………………… 49
l
6.
4 Rol
ledeart
h-rockdam …………………………………………………………………………… 63
6.
5 Dam wit
hhyd raul
icaut
omat
icf
lapga
te ……………………………………………………… 81
7 Wat
errel
easest
ruc
tue ……………………………………………………………………………… 86
r
7.
1 Spi
llway …………………………………………………………………………………………… 86
7.
2 Slu
ice ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 99
8 Wat
erdiversi
ons tr
uct
ure ………………………………………………………………………… 116
8.
1 Wa t
eri n
take …………………………………………………………………………………… 116
8.
2 Divers
iont unne
landsu
r r ………………………………………………………… 123
gechambe
8.
3 Wa t
erd i
versi
onchanne
landf
orebay ………………………………………………………… 134
8.
4 Channelstr
uctue ……………………………………………………………………………… 142
r
8.
5 Penstock ………………………………………………………………………………………… 149
8.
6 Desi
ltingbas
in …………………………………………………………………………………… 157
9 Powe
rhouse ………………………………………………………………………………………… 162
9.
1 Generalprov
isons ……………………………………………………………………………… 162
i
9.
2 Layou
toft
hep
lan
tar
ea ……………………………………………………………………… 163
9.
3 I
nte
rnall
ayoutofthepowerhouse …………………………………………………………… 166
9.
4 Over
alls
tabi
li
tyanal
ysi
sfo
rt hepower
houseong
round …………………………………… 172
Ⅰ
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

9.
5 Struc
turaldesignofthepowe
rhouse ………………………………………………………… 179
10 Engi
neeri
ngs afe
ty moni
torng …………………………………………………………………… 192
i
10.
1 Generalprovisons …………………………………………………………………………… 192
i
10.
2 Safe
ty monitor
ingdes
ign …………………………………………………………………… 194
11 Conc
retestrengh,du
t r
abi
li
tyands
tee
lpe
rformance …………………………………………… 205
11.
1 Concre
tes t
rength ……………………………………………………………………………… 205
11.2 Concret
edurabi
li
ty …………………………………………………………………………… 207
11.3 Rei
nforcement ………………………………………………………………………………… 212
Append
i (
xA No rmati )
ve Ca l
cul
ati
onoft
hewaver
un-
up ………………………………………… 216

Ⅱ
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

Fo
rewo
rd

TheUni
tedNati
onsIndus
tri
alDevel
opmen tOrgan
iza
tion (
UNIDO)isaspeci
ali
zedagencyunde
rt he
Uni
tedNat
ionssys
temt opromotegloba
llyi
nclus
iveandsust
ainab
lei
ndust
ria
ldevelopmen
tI(SID).
Ther
elevanceo
fIS
IDasani
nteg
rat
edapp
roa
cht
oal
lth
reep
il
lar
sofsus
tai
nab
ledeve
lopmen
tisr
ec-
ogn
izedbythe2030AgendaforSus
tai
nab
leDevelopmentandtherel
atedSust
ainab
leDevelopment
Goa
ls (SDGs), which wil
lframe Uni
ted Na
tions and coun
trye ff
ort
st owards sus
tainab
le
deve
lopmen
tint
henextf
ift
eenyea
rs. DO’
UNI smanda
tef
orI
SIDcove
rst
heneedt
osuppor
tthec
re-
a
tionofsus
tai
nab
leene
rgysys
temsasene
rgyi
ses
sen
tia
ltoeconomi
candsoc
ialdeve
lopmen
tandt
o
improv
ingqual
ityofli
fe.
Int
erna
tionalconce
rnanddebat
eoverenergyhavegrowninc
reas
ingl
yove r
thepasttwodecades,wi
ththeissuesofpover
tyal
lev
iat
ion,env
ironmenta
lri
sksandcl
imatechange
nowt
aki
ngcen
tres
tage.

INSHP (
Inte
rna
tionalNetwor
konSma l
lHydroPower)isani
nterna
tiona
lcoordi
natingandp r
omo t
ing
organ
iza
tionforthegloba
ldeve
lopmentofsma
llhyd
ropowe ( ),
r SHP wh ichi
ses t
ab l
ishedontheba-
si
so f volun
tary part
ici
pat
ion ofregi l, sub
ona -
regi
onal and na
tiona
lf oca
l poins, r
t el
evant
i
nsti
tut
i ,
ons uti
li
tiesandcompan
i ,
es andhassoci
albenef
itasitsmaorob
j jec
tive.INSHPaimsatthe
promoti
onofg l
obalSHPdeve l
opmentthrought
riangl
et echn
icalandeconomiccoope
rat
ionamong
devel
opingcount
ri ,
es deve
lopedcoun
tri
esandinternat
ionalorgan
iza
ti ,
ons inor
dertosuppl
yrura
l
a
reasindeve
lopi
ngcount
ries wi
thenvi
ronmen
talysound,a
l ff
ordab
leandadequat
eenergy,wh i
ch
wil
lleadtotheinc
rea
seo femploymen
topportuni
ties,imp
rovemen to
fecolog
icalenv
ironmen
ts,
pove
rtya
llev
iat
ion,imp
rovemen
tofl
oca
lli
vingandcu
ltu
rals
tanda
rdsandeconomi
cdeve
l t.
opmen

UNIDOandINSHPhavebeencoope
rat
ingont
he Worl
dSmallHydropowerDeve
lopmentRepor
tsince
yea
r2010.Fr
omt her
epors,SHPdemandanddeve
t lopmen
two rl
dwi dewer
enotmatched.Oneofthe
devel
opmentba
rri
ersinmostcoun
tri
esi
slackoft
echnologes.UNI
i DO,i
ncooperat
ion wi
thINSHP,
thr
oughgl
obalexper
tcoope
raton,andbasedonsucces
i s f
uldevel
opmentexpe
riences,dec
idedto
deve
lopt
heSHPTGst
omee
tdemandf
rom Membe
rSt
ates.

TheseTGswer
ed r
aftedinaccor
dancewi
tht
heed
itor
ialr
uleso
ft SO/
heI IECDi
rec
tives,Pa
rt2 (
see
www. i
so.
or/
gdi
rec
ti )
ves .

At
ten
tioni
sdr
awnt
otheposs
ibi
li
tyt
hatsomeoft
hee
lemen
tsoft
heseTGsmaybesub
jec
ttopa
-
t
entr
igh
ts.UNI
DOandINSHPsha
llnotbehe
ldr
espons
ibl
efori
den
tif
yinganysuchpa
ten
tri
ghs.
t

Ⅲ
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

I
ntr
oduct
ion

SmallHydr
opower( SHP)
isi
ncreasingl
yr ecogn
izedasanimpor
tan
trenewableene
rgyso
lut
iontot
he
cha
llengeo
felec
tri
fyingr
emoter u
ra lareas.Howeve ,
r whil
e mostcoun
tri
esi nEur ,
ope Nort
hand
Sou
thAme
rica,andCh
inahaveh
ighdeg
reesofi
nst
all
edcapac
ity,t
hepo
ten
tia
lofSHPi
nmanyde
-
ve
lop
ingcoun
tri
esr
ema
insun
tappedandi
shi
nde
redbyanumbe
roff
act
orsi
ncl
udi
ngt
hel
ackof
l
goba
llyag
reedgoodp
rac
ticeso
rst
anda
rdsf
orSHPdeve
l t.
opmen

TheseTechn
ica
lGu
ide
linesf
ort
heDeve
lopmen
tofSma
llHyd
ropowe
rPl
ans(
t TGs)wi
lladd
resst
he
cu
rren
tlimi
tat
ionso
fther
egu
lat
ionsapp
liedt
otechn
ica
lgu
ide
linesf
orSHPP
lan
tsbyapp
lyi
ngt
he
expert
iseandbes
tp rac
ticest
hatex
istac
rosstheg
lobe.I
tisintendedf
orcount
riest
ou t
il
izethesea
-
greeduponGuide
linestosupportthe
ircur
ren
tpo l
icy,techno
logyandecosystems.Countr
iestha
t
havelimi
tedi
nsti
tuti
onalandtechnica
lcapac
ites,wi
i l
lbeab
letoenhancethe
irknowledgebasei
nde-
velop
ingSHPp l
ants,therebyattr
ac t
ing mo
rei nves
tmentinSHP projec
ts,encou
ragingfavou
rab
le
po
lic
iesandsubsequentl
yassi
sti
ngi
neconomicdevel
opmentatanati
onallevel.TheseTGs wi
llbe
va
luabl
eforal
lcoun t
ri ,
es bu
tespec
ial
lya
llowforthesha
ringofexpe
rienceandbes tpr
act
icesbe-
tweencoun
tri
est
hathavel
imi
tedt
echn
ica
lknow-
how.

TheTGscanbeuseda
sthep
rinc
ipl
esandbas
isf
ort
hep
lann
ing,des
ign,cons
truc
tionand manage
-
men
tofSHPp
lan
tsupt
o30MW.

● TheTe
rmsandDe
fin
iti
onsi
ntheTGsspec
ifyt
hep
rof
ess
iona
ltechn
ica
lte
rmsandde
fin
iti
ons
common
lyusedf
orSHPP
lan
ts.

● TheDes
ignGui
deli
nesp rov
ideguide
linesforbasi
cr equi
rements,me t
hodo l
ogyandprocedurein
te
rmsofsi
tesel
ection,hydro
logy,geology,pr
ojectlayout,conf
igu
rations,ene
rgyca
lculat
ions,
hyd
raul
ics,el
ectr
omechanica
lequipmentsel
ect
ion,constr
uction,pr
ojectcos
tes t
imates,eco
-
nomicappr
aisl,f
a inanc
ing,soc
ialandenv
ironment
alassessments—withtheul
timategoalofa
-
ch
iev
ingt
hebes
tdes
ignso
lut
ions.

● TheUni
tsGuide
linesspeci
fyt
het echn
icalr
equi
remen
tsonSHPturb
ines,genera
tors,hydrotur
-
bi
negover
ningsyst ,
ems exci
tat
ionsys t ,
ems ma i
nvalvesaswe
llasmonitor
i ,
ng contro
lp, r
o-
t
ect
ionandDCpowe
rsupp
lysys
tems.

● TheCons
truc
tionGu
ide
linescanbeusedast
hegu
idi
ngt
echn
ica
ldocumen
tsf
ort
hecons
truc
tion
ofSHPp
roec
j s.
t

● TheManagemen tGui
del
inespr
ovi
detechni
calguidancef
ort t,ope
hemanagemen rat
ionandma
in-
tenance,t
echn
icalr
enovati
onandpr
ojectaccep
tanceofSHPpro
jects.

Ⅳ
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

Technica
lGu i
deli
nesfortheDeve
lopmentofSmallHyd
ropowe
r
Pl
ants-Desi
gn
Part5:Engineer
ingLayoutandHydrau
licSt
ructu
r e

1 Scope

Thi
spartoftheDes
ignGu
ide
linescl
ari
fiesthefloodcont
rolst
andar
dsfort
hehydraul
icst
ructu
r esof
ansma
llhydr
opower(SHP)stat
ion,definesspeci
ficr
equir
ementsfort
hegene
ralengi
neer
inglayout
aswel
last hetypese
lec
tionandthedesignoft
hewa t
erre
tai
nings t
ructu
re,wa t
errel
easi
ngstr
uc-
tu
re,dive
rsionstr
uct
ure,powerhouseandswit
chya
rd,andspeci
fiesthetechn
ica
lrequi
remen
tsfor
eng
inee
rings
afe
ty mon
itor
ing,andconc
ret
eands
tee
lpe
rformance.

Theapp
licab
lemaximumhei
ghtofareservo
irdami
nth
isdocumen s:30 mf
ti orarol
ledea
rth
-rock
,
dam 50mf oraconc
ret
efa
cedrock
fil
ldamand70mforaconcre
t (
e mason
r )
y gr
avi
tydam.

2 No
rmat
iver
efe
rences

Thefol
lowingdocumentsa
reref
err
edtointhetextinsuchawayt hatsomeoral
lofthe
irconten
t
cons
tit
utesrequ
iremen
tsofth
i t.
sdocumen Fordatedrefe
rences,on
lytheed
iti
oncit
edappl
ies.
For
unda
tedr
efe
rences,t
hel
ates
ted
iti
ono
fther
efe
r t(
enceddocumen i
ncl
udi
nganyamendmen
ts)ap
-
l
pies.

SHP/TG001,Techn
ica
lgu
ide
linesf
ort
hedeve
lopmen
tofsma
llhyd
ropowe
rpl
ans—Te
t rmsandde
f-
i
nit
ions.

3 Te
rmsanddef
ini
tions

Fort
hepu
rposeso
fth
i t,t
sdocumen het
ermsandde
fin
iti
onsg
i nSHP/TG001app
veni ly.

4 F
loodcont
rolstanda
rd

4.
1 Gene
ralp
rov
isi
ons

4.1.
1 Thefl
oodcontr
olstanda
rdforahyd ropowerp r
ojectsha
llbedete
rminedbycomprehens
ive
anal
ysi
sanddemons
tra
tioninacco
rdance wi
tht herequir
ement c,soc
sofeconomi il,po
a liti
caland
env
ironmen
talf
act
orsont
hef
loodcon
tro
lsa
fey,bycoor
t dina
tingt
her
ela
tionsh
ipsbe
tweent
hepa
rt
1
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

andthewhoe,be
l tweentheshor
ttermandlongtrm,be
e tweentheupstr
eamandt hedowns
tream,
betweent
helef
tandri tbank,andbe
gh tweenthemai
nst
reamanditstr
ibuta
ries.

4.
1.2 The f
lood con
tro
lst
anda
rd sha
llbe exp
res
sed wi
tht
he r
ecu
rrencei
nte
rva
loff
lood
pr
event
ion.Thefl
oodcontro
lst
andardmayadoptbot
hdesignf
loods
tanda
rdandcheckf
loods
tand
-
a
rd,accord
ingtotheneedsofdi
ffe
rentpr
otec
tionobec
j s.
t

4.
2 Permanenthyd
rau
licst
ructur
e

Thefl
oodcont
rolstanda
rd[recu
rrenceinte l(
rva r)]f
yea orhydr
aul
icstr
ucturesofhydropowers
ta-
t
ionswit
hdif
feren
tr ese
rvo
ircapaci
ty andinst
all
e dca a
cit
p y yma bedet
erminedacco
rdi
ngtoTab
le1,or
maybese
lec
tedi
naccor
dancewi
tht
hel
oca
l/na
tiona
lregu
lat
ionsf
orp
rot
ect
ionob
jec
tives.

Tab
le1 F
loodcont
rolstanda
rds [
recur
rencei
nte
r l(
va r)]forhydr
yea aul
icst
ructu
res

St
ruc
tur
eof≤10MW hyd
ropowe
r St
ruc
tur
eof10MWt
o30MW
s
tat
iono
rrese
rvo
irwi
ths
tor
age hyd
ropowe
rst
ati
ono
rrese
rvo
irwi
th
Hyd
rau
lics
truc
tur
e
capa
cit
yof1×106 m3 s
tor
agecapa
cit
yof(
1-10)×106 m3

Des
igns
tanda
rd Checks
tanda
rd Des
igns
tanda
rd Checks
tanda
rd

Conc
ree(
t s
tonema
son
ry)dam 20~30 100~200 30~50 200~500

Ro
lledea
rthdam/
rock
fil
ldam 20~30 200~300 30~50 300~1000

S
luce (
i fl
apga
te) 10 20~50 10~20 50~100

Powe
rhouse (
swi
tchya
rd) 20~30 50 30~50 100

Wa
terconveyances
truc
tur
e 10~20 30~50 10 20~30

Ene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionand
10 / 20 /
an
ti-
scou
rst
ruc
tur
e

Channe
lst
ruc
tur
e 10 20~30 10~20 30~50

4.
3 Tempor
aryhydr
aul
icst
ructur
e

Thef
loodcon
tro
lst
anda
rdsoft
empo
rar
y wa
terr
eta
ini
ngandr
eleas
ings
truc
tur
esuseddu
ringt
he
const
ruc
tionpe
riodofahydropowers
tat
ionsha
llbedeterminedaccor
dingt ot
hestr
uct
ureofthe
bui
ldngs.Whent
i heear
th-
rockst
ruc
tur
eisused,thedes
ign maybepe rformedont
hebasisof5to
10yea
rsr
etu
rnf
lood.Whent
heconc
ret
eors
tonema
son
rys
truc
tur
eisused,t
hedes
ignmaybepe
r-
f
ormedont
heba
sisof3t
o5yea
rsr
etu
rnf
lood.

4.
4 F
reeboa
rdofst
ructur
e

4.
4.1 Thee
leva
tionoft
hedamc
r t(
es o
rthet
opoft
hewavewa
ll)oft
hewa
terr
eta
ini
ngs
truc
tur
e
inthehydropowersta
tionshal
lbede t
erminedaccord
ingtot
hes t
ati
cwa terleve
lundereng
ineer
ing
des
i gnf
loodandcheckfloodcond
iti ,
ons p l
uscor
respond
ingwaverun- ,
up windbanked
-uphe
ightand
sa
fet
yfr
eeboa
rd.
Thee
leva
tionoft
hedamc
res
toft
her
eta
ini
ngs
truc
tur
esha
llno
tbel
owe
rthant
he
norma
lrese
rvo
irwa
terl
eve
landt
hecheckf
loodl l.
eve
2
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

4.
4.2 Thef
reeboa
rdo
fhyd
rau
lics
truc
tur
esmaybede
termi
nedaccor
dingt
othes
truc
tur
etypeand
wi
thr
efe
rencet
oTab
le2.

Tab
le2 Hydr
aul
icst
ructu
ref
reeboa
rd Un
it:m

Hyd
rau
lics
truc
tur
e Des
igns
tanda
rd Checks
tanda
rd

Conc
ree(
t s
tonema
son
ry)dam 0.
4 0.
3

Ro
lledea
rthdam/
rock
fil
ldam 0.
5 0.
3

S
luce (
i whenr
eta
ini
ng wa
ter) 3(
0. no
rma
lwa
terf
il
lng)
i 2(
0. max
imum wa
terr
eta
inng)
i

S
luce (
i whenr
elea
sing wa
ter) 0.
5 0.
4

Sp
il
lway 4(
0. whenr
eta
ini
ng wa
ter) 3(
0. whenr
elea
sing wa
ter)

5 Gene
raleng
inee
ringl
ayout

5.
1 Gene
ralp
rov
isi
ons

1.
5.1 Hyd
ropowe
rst
ati
onsmaybec
las
sif
iedasdam-
toe,r
ive
rbed,d
ive
rsi
onandhyb
ridhyd
ropow-
e
rst
ati
onsa
cco
rdi
ngt
othedeve
lop
ing mode.

1.
5.2 Thegeneraleng
ineer
ingl
ayou
tofsma
llhydropowerstat
ion mayi
ncl
udetheselec
tiono
fthe
damsi
te,d
iver
sionrouteandpl
antsi
te(
swi
tchya
rd),a s we
llasthedamt ypese
lec
tionandeng
i-
nee
ringl
ayou
tofamu
lti
-pu
rposep
roec
j t.

1.
5.3 Thel
ayou
tofhyd
ropowe
rpr
ojec
tmaybepe
rfo
rmedunde
rthef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) Therequi
rementsforf
loodcon
trol,powe
rgenera
tion,nav
igat
ion,fi
she
ry,f
ores
try,t
ranspor
-
ta
ti ,
on andtheeco
-envir
onmentshal
lbecompr
ehensive
lycons
ideed.
r

b) Thes tr
uct
uresofp r
ojec
tshal
lbecompac
tlyl
aid ou
tto meetthefunc
tionalrequ
irements,
streng
thands t
abi
li
ty,soast
oensu
rethemtoworknorma
llyunde
ranyworkingcondi
tions.
The
t
ota
lcons
truc
tioncos
tandannua
lope
rat
ingcos
toft
hep
roec
j tsha
llber
educedf
orconven
ien
t
ope
rat
i t.
onandmanagemen

c) Thes
truc
tur
emaybeusedf
ormu
lti
plepu
rposes,ormaybeat
empor
arys
truc
tur
eandpe
rma
-
nen
tst
ruc
tur
esha
llbecomb
inedi
nthel t.
ayou

d) Theconst
ructi
ond i
ver
sion mehod,t
t hecons
truc
tion met
hodformainstruc
tur
esandt hecon-
st
ruc
tionschedul
eshal
lbese l
ectedf
ortheconvenienceofcons
truc
ti ,
on ashortcons
truc
tion
pe
riodandl
owcons
truc
ti t.
oncos

e) Theaes
the
ticoft
hep
roec
j tl
ayou
tsha
llbei
nteg
rat
edwi
tht
hesu
rround
ingenv
ironmen
taccor
d-
i
ngt
othel
oca
lcond
iti
onssoa
stoc
rea
teamu
lti
-func
tiona
landp
leas
antenv
ir t.
onmen
3
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

1.
5.4 Whent
hewa
terr
eta
ini
ngs
truc
tue(
r excep
tthea
rchdam)i
sla
i t,t
dou hedamax
isshou
ldbe
sho
rtand s
tra
i t.Ther
gh ela
tive
lyl
onge
rst
rai
ghtax
iso
rbr
oken
-li
ne orcu
rveax
is may a
lso be
adop
teda
ccor
dingt
othea
ctua
lsi
tua
tion.

1.
5.5 Thel
ayou
toft
he wa
terr
eleas
ings
truc
tur
esha
llbede
termi
nedaccor
dingt
othedamt
ype
adop
tedbyt
he wa
terr
eta
ini
ngs
truc
tur
eandt
hegeo
log
ica
landt
opog
raph
ica
lcond
iti
onsnea
rthe
dams
ite.

1.
5.6 Thel
ayou
tofwa
teri
nta
keshou
ldmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) I
nanype
riod,
iti
snecess
aryt
osupp
lywa
terwi
thou
tin
ter
rup
tionaccor
dingt
othed
ive
rsi
onr
e-
qu
iremen
ts.

b) Onas
ilt
-ri
chr
i r,e
ve ffec
tivesed
imen
tcon
tro
lmeasu
ressha
llbet
akent
opr
even
tsed
imen
tfr
om
en
ter
ingt
hed
ive
rsi l.
onchanne

c) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
ohead wor
ksf
orcomp
rehens
iveu
til
iza
tion,i
tisnecessa
ryt
oensu
ret
hatt
he
s
truc
tur
escou
ldwor
kno
rma
llyandwi
llno
tin
ter
fer
ewi
theachot
her.

d) Measu
ressha
llbet
akent
opr
even
tthef
loa
tage,such asf
loa
ti ce,f
ngi rom en
ter
ing t
he
d
ive
rsi l.
onchanne

e) Necess
aryr
egu
lat
ionsha
llbeca
rri
edou
tont
her
ive
rchanne
lnea
rthei
nta
ket
obr
ingt
hema
in-
s
treamc
lose
rtot
hewa
teri
nta
ket
oensu
ret
her
equ
iredwa
teri
nta
kevo
lume.

f) Thel
ayou
toft
hei
nta
kes
truc
tur
esha
llbeconven
ien
tformanagemen
tandea
syf
ormode
rnman
-
agemen
tfa
cil
it
ies.

1.
5.7 Thel
ayou
toft
hepowe
rhousesha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thei
nle
tandou
tle
tchanne
lssha
llbeassho
rta
spos
sib
le;t
hewa
terf
lowsha
l h;t
lbesmoot he
headl
osssha
llbesma
llandt
hewa
terou
tle
tsha
llnotbedepos
itedorimpac
tedbyt
hei
ceb
locks.

b) Thet
ail
racesha
llbesu
ffi
cien
tl de;t
ydeepandwi hep
lanecu
rva
tur
esha
llnotbeext
ens
ive,and
t
hedep
thsha
llva
r r
ygadua
llyandt
het
ail
racesha
llbesmoo
thl
yconnec
tedt
othena
tur
alr
ive
r
f
l l.
oworchanne

c) Thewa
terf
lowo
rene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionf
aci
li
tiesa
ttheou
tle
tsoft
hed
ischa
rgi
ngs
truc
tur
essha
ll
bel
aidou
ttoavo
idr
ais
ingt
het
ailwa
terl
eve
loft
hehyd
ropowe
rst
ati
ona
smuchasposs
ibe.
l

1.
5.8 Thef
oll
owi
ngda
tasha
llbeco
llec
tedf
ordes
ignoft
hehyd
rau
lics
truc
tues.
r

a) Topog
raph
icda
ta:i
ncl
udi
ngr
egi
ona
ltopog
raph
icmaponsma
lls
cae(
l o1∶50000)
1∶10000t
4
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

andt
hesu
rveyedt
opog
raph
icmapofdams
iteonl
arges
cae(
l o1∶1000).
1∶200t

b) Geo
log
ica
ldata:thegeo
logi
calsurveyresu
ltsofdamaea,i
r ncl
udi
ngthedi s
tri
buti
onanddept
h
oft
heoverbu
rden,li
tho
logy,str
uctureandoverbur
dendep
t hoftherocks,groundwa
terl
evel
andburi
aldept
ho ft
herel
ati
veconf
inngbed,damf
i oundat
ion,rockweathe
ringbel
tandunloa
-
dingbe
ltofthedamabu
tmen taswe
llast
hedi
str
ibu
tionandchar
acter
ist
icsofthef
auls,pa
t rtic
-
ul
arl
ythefau
ltsa
longther
iverandwi t
hlow-ang
led p.
i Shal
la cknowledget
heprope
rtyandgeo-
l
ogicst
ruc
tureofther
ockstr
at ,
um t hehyd
rogeol ,
ogy thestabil
ityofthes
ides
l ,
ope t heka
rst,
l
ands
lide ma
ssandt
heha
rmf
ulgasa
longt
her
out
eoft
hed
ive
rsi
onsys
tem,as we
llast
he
r
gounds
tres
sandt
her
ockbu
rsts
itua
tioni
nther
egi
onwi
thh
ighg
rounds
tress.

c) Hydr
olog
ica
land met
eo ro
logi
caldaa:a
t llhyd
rologi
calchar
acter
ist
icsofther
ive
ri nt
hep ro
ject
ar
easuchasr f,f
unof lood,corr
espond
ingwaterlevelandsed
imentload;met
eorol
ogi
calf
actor
s
oft
hep
roec
j ta
rea,i
ncl
udi
ngsun
li t,r
gh ain
fal,snowf
l all,wi
nd,a
irt
empe
rat
ure,humi
dit
yand
wa
tert
empe
rat
ure.

d) Ther esul
tsofhydraul
icenergycal
cul
atons:i
i nc
ludethewaterlevelo
feachcharac
teri
sti
cofthe
rese
rvo r(
i norma
lr eservo
irl l,des
eve ignedfl
oodlevel,checkedfl
oodlevel,minimum dr
aw
downwaterl
eve
lforpowergene
raton),cha
i ract
eri
sti
cpa
rame
ter
soff
loodd
ischa
rges
truc
tur
es
(ou
tle
tsze,con
i t
role
leva
tion,di
spatch
ing mode).

e) Cons
truct
ion mate
rialda
ta:incl
udingthedis
tribu
tionofconst
ruct
ion ma
ter
ialonthedam si
te
andi
nt henearbyar ,
ea i
ncl
udingthequal
it ,
y quanti
tyandphys
ica
landmechanica
lprope
rti
esof
thenat
ura
lconstr
uct
ionmater
ial( r
ockb l
ocksandsandygr l),a
ave s wellasthecha
racte
ris
tic
parame
ter ,
s t r
anspor
tat
ion d
istance and cos
to f mate
ria
l such as cemen
t and st
ructu
ral
s
t l,e
ee tc.

f) Sed
imen
tda
ta:t
hecon
t t,pa
en rti
cles,ha
rdness,un
itwe
igh
tand movemen
tofbedl
oadand
suspendedl
oadi
nheav
ilysed
imen
tladenr
i r.
ve Thedepos
iti
onmor
pho
logyande
leva
tionoft
he
sed
imen
tint
her
ese
rvo
ira
reaa
lsosha
llbeco
llec
tedf
ort
hewa
teri
ntake.

g) Po
llu
tionda
ta:f
ort
her
ive
rchanne
lwi
thheavyt
rash,t
hesou
rce,va
rie
ty,quan
tit
yandd
rif
ting
pa
tte
rno
fthet
rashsha
llbeco
llec
ted.

h) I
ceda a:f
t o rt
her i
verinafr
os tregion,theic
ingperiod,fl
oat
ingicefea
turesandfl
oatingi
ce
quan
tit ;
yt hesizeofthei
cebl /
ocksflakesandthet
hicknessofthei
celaye ;
rt heope
rati
ngdata
f
ort
hehyd
ropowe
rst
ati
oni
ntakei
nwi
nte
runde
rsimi
larcond
iti
onssha
llbeco
llec
ted.

5.
2 Dams
itese
lect
ion

2.
5.1 Theposs
ibl
eal
ter
nat
ivedam s
itessha
llbeenv
isagedi
naccor
dance wi
tht
hegeo
log
ica
land
t
opogr
aph i
calcond
iti
onso
fr i
verr
eachaswellastherequi
rement
so fdevelopmen
tandut
il
iza
tion;
t
herepresent
ati
vedam axs,dam t
i ypeand p
roec
j tlayou
to fevery dam s
itesha
llbede
termined
5
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

t
hroughs
tudyandcompa
rison,andt
hedams
itesha
llbese
lec
teda
fte
rcomp
rehens
ivet
echn
ica
land
economi
ccompa
rison.

2.
5.2 Thef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
tssha
llbeme
tfo
rthet
opog
raph
icandgeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onsoft
he
r
ive
rrea
chandi
tsdeve
lopmen
tandu
til
iza
tion.

a) Thena
rrowr
ive
rva
lley wi
thf
avou
rab
legeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onsi
ssu
itab
lef
orana
rchdam.

b) Thewi
der
ive
rva
lley wi
thr
ela
tive
lygoodgeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onsi
ssu
itab
lef
orag
rav
itydam.

c) I
fther
ive
rva
lleyi de,t
swi her
ive
rbedove
rbu
rdeni
sdeepandt
hicko
rthegeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
ons
a
rer
ela
tive
lypoor,andt
hel
oca
lma
ter
ialsuchasea
rth,s
toneandg
rave
lar t,i
eabundan tis
su
itab
lef
oranea
rthandr
ock
fil
ldam.

2.
5.3 Dams
itef
orva
rioust
ypesofdamssha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
oag
rav
itydams
ite,t
her
ock
ssha
llhavesu
ffi
cien
tst
reng
th,i
nteg
rit
yandhomo-
gene
ity.

b) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
oaconc
ret
ear
chdams
ite,t
her
equ
iremen
tsf
orr
ockmasss
treng
thandi
nteg
rit
y
a
reg
rea
tert
hant
hosef
orag
rav
itydam,meanwh
ilet
hedamabu
tmen
tsha
llbes
tab
le.

c) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
oea
rthandr
ock
fil
ldam s
ites,i
tisnecess
aryt
oasce
rta
int
het
hicknes
sofdam
f
ounda
tionove
rbu
rden,andve
rif
y whe
the
rli
que
fiab
leso
ill
aye
rex
ist
sint
hedamf
ounda
tion.

2.
5.4 Dams
itese
lec
tionsha
llcons
ide
rthef
oll
owi
ngf
act
ors.

a) I
tsha
llbeconven
ien
tforcons
truc
tiond
ive
rson.
i

b) Thet
err
ainnea
rthedams
itesha
llber
ela
tive
ly wi
deandopenf
orconven
iencewhenl
ayi
ngou
t
t
hecons
truc
tions
ite.

c) At
ten
tionsha
llbepa
idt
othed
iff
erencebe
tweent
heove
ral
lcons
truc
tionl
ayou
tandt
heope
ra-
t
ionmanagemen
tcond
iti
onst
ofa
cil
ita
tep
roec
j tope
rat
i t.
onandmanagemen

d) Ext
erna
ltr
aff
iccond
iti
onssha
llbecons
ide
red.

e) Theva
rie
ty,r rve,qua
ese li
ty,quan
tiy,d
t ist
ribu
tionandt
ranspor
tat
iond
ist
anceofd
iff
eren
t
cons
truc
tionma
ter
ial
ssha
llbet
akeni
ntoa t.
ccoun

2.
5.5 Thedams
itecompa
risonandse
lec
tionsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.
6
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

a) I
tisp
ref
erab
let
ose
lec
tthedams
itewi
thl
esssubme
rgence,
lessl
andacqu
isi
tionandl
essr
eha
-
b
il
ita
tion/r
ese
ttl t.
emen

b) Theimpac
tont
heenv
ironmen
tsha
llbecons
ide
redf
ordams
itese
lec
tion,andsens
iti
veob
jec
ts
shou
ldbemi
nimum.

c) Ther
ese
rvo
irwi
thr
eli
abl
etechno
logyandr
easonab
leeconomysha
llbese
lec
tedt
oavo
idl
arge
-
sca
leco
llapseandl
ands
lidei
nther
ese
rvo
ira
reaa
fte t.
rimpoundmen I
nhi
ll
yandp
lai
nar
eas,ex
-
ces
siveimme
rsi
onsha
llbeavo
ided.

2.
5.6 I
nthea
rea whe
ret
hepea
kacce
ler
ati
onofg
round mo
tioni
nthedam s
itei
sgr
eat
ert
hanor
equa
lt 1g (
o0. 81 m/s2 ),an
g=9. ti-
sei
smi
ccons
truc
tion measu
ressha
llbet
akenf
ort
hehyd
rau
lic
s
truc
tues.
r

5.
3 S
lui
ces
itese
lect
ion

3.
5.1 Theba
rragedam sha
llbese
lec
tedt
hrought
echn
ica
landeconomi
ccompa
risonacco
rdi
ngt
o
t
hef
unc
tion,cha
rac
ter
ist
icsandapp
lica
tionr
equ
iremen
tsoft
hes
luce,andcomp
i rehens
ive
lycons
id-
e
ringfac
tor
ssuchast er
ran,geo
i ogy,wa
l terf
low,sed t,f
imen rozenea
rth,i
cecond
itons,con
i -
s
truct
ion,managemen
tandambien
tenvi
r t.
onmen

3.
5.2 Thes
lui
ces
itesha
llbese
lec
tedacco
rdi
ngt
othema
ter
ialsou
rces,ex
ter
nalt
raf
fic,cons
truc
-
t
iond
ive
rson,s
i itel t,f
ayou ounda
tionp
itd
ranage,cons
i truc
tion wa
terande
lec
tri
cit
ysupp
ly.The
f
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
tssha
l t.
lbeme

a) Thes
lui
ceshou
ldbel
oca
tedonas
tra
igh
tandr
ela
tive
lys
tab
ler
each,andt
hel
eakage,s
tab
il
ity
andde
forma
tioncond
iti
onso
fthes
lui
cef
ounda
tionands
lui
ceshou
lde
rsonbo
ths
idessha
llbe
cons
ide
red.

b) Thes
iteo
ffl
aps
lucedam,f
i loodd
ischa
rges
lui
ceandsandscou
rings
lui
ceshou
ldbese
lec
tedi
n
t
her
ive
rrea
chwi
thas
tra
igh
tri
verchanne
landr
ela
tive
lys
tab
ler
ive
rr ime.Theax
eg iso
fthe
s
lui
ceshou
ldbeor
thogona
ltot
hecen
tre
lineoft
her
ive l;t
rchanne hel
eng
thofs
tra
igh
tsec
tions
ofups
treamanddowns
treamr
ive
rchanne
lsshou
ldno
tbel
esst
han5t
imest
he wa
tersu
rface
wi
dtha
tthes
lui
cei
nlt.
e Thef
loodd
ischa
rges
lui
cel
oca
tedi
nthecu
rvedr
eachshou
ldbel
aidou
t
i
nthet
halwegpo
rti
onoft
her
i r.
ve

c) Thes
itef
ort
hei
nle
tsl
uiceshou
ldbese
lec
tedi
nthes
tra
igh
treachwi
thbas
ica
llys
tab
lebank
sor
a
ttheendpo
into
faconcavebankcu
rveds
ligh
tlyt
othedowns
treamr
egon.Thei
i nte
rsec
tion
be
tweent
hecen
tre
lineofi
nle
tsl
uiceandt
hecen
tre
lineo
fther
ive
rcou
rse ( l)shou
channe ldnot
°,andi
exceed30 tsups
treambypa
s l(
schanne l)shou
channe ldno
tbeove
rl ong.
yl
7
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

3.
5.3 Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othes
lui
ceonanheav
ilysed
imen
tladenr
i r,sed
ve imen
tfl
ush
ings
luce (
i des
ilt
-
i
ngsluice)orfl
ood-
discha
rgingandsed
imentf
lush
ingsl
uiceshal
lbese
tattheadjacen
tposi
tionof
thei
ntakeslu
iceorthewa t
erint
akeofothe
rin
takest
ruc
tures,andt
hesed
imentdeposit
ionp
roblem
a
tthei
ntakes
lui
ceo
rot
heri
nta
kes
truc
tur
essha
llbep
rope
rlyr
eso
lved.

5.
4 S
itese
lect
ionforhydr
opowe
rstat
ion

5.4.
1 Thepowerhouseofdive
rsi
on-typehyd
ropowe rst
ati
onsshou l
dbef a
rawayfromthedam,
andloca
tedbe
lowthehighs
teepslope.Thesurgechamber(tank)orfor
ebayshou
ldbea
rrangedon
t
hehi
ghs t
eepslope;themas s
ifbetweent
hepowe
rhouseandsu
rgechambe
rorf
orebaysha
llbes
ta-
be,wi
l t
hs l
igh
twa te
rpe rmeabi
li
ty.

5.4.
2 Thei n
takeoft
her i
verbedpower
housesha
llavo
idt hedepos
iti
onanderos
ionofsed
iment,
theblockagefromf
loa
tingtra ce.Whent
shandi hepowe r
houseisadjacen
ttot
hespilway,al
l ong
enoughd
ivi
dewa
llsha
llbecons
truc
tedbe hem;t
tweent hepowe
rhouse,swi
tchya
rdandsubs
tat
ion
sha
llbekep
tatace
rta
ind
ist
ancesa
fef
romt
hej
etoff
loodd
ischa
rge.

5.
5 Damtypese
lect
ion

5.5.
1 I
fthetr
affi
cisinconven
ientort hest l,cemen
ee tandconcre
teagg
rega
tea r
einsu
ffic
ientin
thedamsi
ter
egion,bu
tt hereareabundantear
thandstonema
ter
ial
sandtheter
rai
nissuit
ablefor
bu
ild
ingr
ive
r bank sp
ilway,t
l hen an ea
rth and r
ock
fil
ldam sha
llbe se
lec
ted and bu
ilt wi
th
r
pecedenceus
ingl
oca
lma
ter
ias.
l

5.
5.2 Ift
hegeolog
ica
lcond
iti
onsar
erela
tive
lygood,andalotofgrave
laggrega
teorstonema
ter
i-
a
lsar
eavai
lab
lei
nlocalr
egon,andt
i heacces
sandtraf
fici
srela
tive
lyavai
lab
le,agrav
itydam may
bebu
ilt.Thef
loodmaybed
irec
tlyd
ischa
rgedf
romt
het
opoft
hedam.

5.
5. 3 Ifthedam s
itei
sloca
tedi
nana r
row V-
shapedorU-shapedval
ley wi
thgoodabutment
son
bot
hsides,anar
chdam maybebui
lt.
Thear
chdam gene
ral
lycos tl
esswithshor
tcons
truct
ionper
i-
od,andt
hef
loodmaybed
ischa
rgedf
romt
het
opoft
hedamo
rthedambodyho
le.

5.
6 Pr
ojectl
ayout

6.
5. 1 Thedischa
rgestruc
tur
eo fanea
rthandr
ock
fil
ldamshou
ldbea
rrangedont
hebankr
ockf
oun
-
da
tion,andopenspi
llwayandtunne
lmaybeadopted.

● I
ftheter
rai
nonbo t
hbanksi
sabrup
tandther
eisasaddl
e-shapedbealockwit
happr
opri
atee
leva
-
t
ion,orthete
rra
inonbothbank
sisgen
tleandther
idgeissaddle
-shaped,andt
herei
sachannel
conveni
entf
orre
turn
ingthefl
oodingi
ntot
herive
rinther
egiondowns
treamoft
hes i
tewhe rean
auxi
li
arydam wat
erreta
ini
ng st
ructu
reneedsto bebui
lt,theri
verbankspi
llway shou
ld be
l
ai t.
dou
8
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

● I
ft hespi
llwayin
letisl
aidoutonsuchpos
iton,bu
i ttheflooddischa
rgeroutethe
rea
fterisledt
o
anothe
rrive l,t
rchanne hefl
oodcontr
olprob
lemofanot
herrive
rchannelshoul
dbep rope
rlyhan-
d
led.

● Whentheafo
resai
dadvan
tagesar
eunavai
lab
lenea
rthedamsi
teori
nar
emot
epa
rtoft
heup
-
s
treamreg
ion,thesp
il
lwayshou
ldbelai
dou tont
hedamabu t.
tmen

6.
5. 2 Thesp
il
lwaysecti
onshoul
dbeusedasthemaindr
ainagest
ructu
reoftheconc
reteormasonry
gr
avit
ydamprojec
t ,
s andthel
ayouto
fthedra
inages
truc
tureshouldbecons
ist
entwiththed
irec
tion
oft
her
ive
rax
is.Whent
hegeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onsa
red
iff
eren
tal
ongt
heax
iso
fthedam,t
heove
r-
f
lowdamsha
llbel
aidou
tonar
ela
tive
lyso
lidf
ounda
tion.

6.
5. 3 Thespil
lwaysect
ionshouldbeusedasthemaindr
ainages
truct
ureoftheconc
reteormasonry
gr
a v
itydam ro
p jec
ts,andthelayoutofthed
rai
nages
truc
tureshoul
db econs
ist
e n
twiththed
irec
tion
oft
her
ive
rax
is.
Ift
her
eiss
add
le-
shapedbea
lock wi
thapp
rop
ria
tee
leva
tiononbot
hbanks,and
t
herei
sachannelt
hatisconven
ien
tforre
turn
ingthefl
ood
ingi
ntot
her
ive
rint
hedowns
treamr
e-
gon,t
i hesp
il
lway maybela
idoutontheri
verbank.

6.
5.4 Whencons
truc
tingap
roec
j tonar
ive
rwi
thh
ighsed
imen
tconcen
tra
tion,t
hee
ffec
tofs
ilt
-
a
tionofr
ese
rvo
irands
cou
rofdowns
treamr
ive
rbedsha
llbecons
ide
redi
nthel
ayou
tofwa
terd
is-
char
geandin
takes
t r
uct
ure.
Forahydrau
licpr
ojectl
oca
tedonari
ve rwit
hhighsed
imen
tconcen
tra
-
ti ,
on bott
omopeningsoratunne
lwi
thlargediamet
ershou
ldbeprovded.
i

6.
5.5 Thewa
terr
equ
iremen
tsoft
hedowns
treameco
log
ica
lenv
ironmen
tsha
llbecons
ide
redi
nthe
l
ayou
toft
hep
roec
j ts
truc
tues.
r

6 Wate
rreta
ini
ngst
ructu
re

6.
1 Gr
avi
tydam

1.
6.1 Gr
avi
tydamdes
ign

a) Damesi
t eselec
tionandp
roec
j tl
ayout:inc
ludese
lec
tingthedamsit
eanddamaxis,anddeter
-
min
ingthelayoutofthep
roec
j tst
ruc
t u
res,thest
ruct
uraltypeo
fthedambodyandtheconnec
-
t
ionbe
tweent
hedambodyandbot
hbanksoro
the
rst
ruc
tues,e
r tc.
Thel
ayou
toft
hef
loodd
is-
cha
rges
truc
tur
essha
llbecons
ide
redf
irt.
s

b) Des
ignofthere
leases
truc
tur
eo fthedambody:bycal
cul
ati
ngtheruno
ffregu
lat
ion,s
tudyand
compa
rethelayou
tand dimens
ionso ft
her e
leases
truc
tur ,
e det
erminethefloodl
eveland
des
igntheene
rgydi
ssi
pationandanti
-scourfaci
li
tiesforthere
leases
tructue.Anunga
r t
edspi
ll
-
wayshoul
dbep r
efe
rent
ial
ly cons
ider
e dfortheda m ,andthef
looddischa
r eo e
g p gn
in sandr
es-
e
rvo
iremp
tyi
ngopen
ingsmaybep
repa
redaccor
dingt
othef
unc
tiona
lrequ
iremen
ts.
9
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

c) Cal
cul
a t
ionofdam s
truct
ure:de
terminetheloadsusta
inedbythedam body,ana
lysethel
oad
combinat
ionandana
lysedambodystabi
li
tyands t
ress(inc
lud
ingan
ti-
sei
smicca
lcul
aton).
i

d) Dambodyzoningandmate
rialdesign:dete
rminethemate
ria
lsusedfo hedambody,pe
rt r
form
thedambodyzonng,andr
i ai
set heperfo
rmanceindexr
equi
rementsf
orvari
ouszonesa
swellas
t
her
equ
iremen
tsf
orr
aw ma
ter
ias,wa
l ter
-cemen
tra
tioo
ftheconc
ree,cemen
t tcon
ten
tandag
-
r
gega
teg
rad
ing.

e) Damfoundat
ionsurf
acesel
ecti
onandfounda
tiontr
eatmen
tdesign:accor
dingt hedambody’
ot s
st
abi
li
ty and f
oundati
on st
ressrequ
irement ,
s clar
ifythe r
equi
rementsf o
rt he f
ounda
tion
surace,damf
f ounda
tionbea
ringcapac
ity,ant
i-seepage,dra
inageandgr
out
ing.Designofthe
tr
eatmentmeasu
resforthefounda
tionfrac
tur ,
e f aul ,
t fr
actur ,
ezone weakint
erca
latedl
ayer
ands
lopeexcava
tion.

f) Tempe
ratu
recontr
oldesi
gnfo
rt hedam body:a
ccor
dingtot hetemperat
urecon
trolandc
rack
pr
even
tion r
equ
iremens, de
t te
rmine t
he part
ing, pa
rti
tionng, l
i aye
rs of the dam and
t
empe
rat
urecon
tro
lmeasu
resf
o hedambody.
rt

1.
6.2 Dambodys
truc
tur
e

1.
6.2.
1 Theg
rav
itydam’
scr
estsha
llbeh
ighe
rthant
hecheckf
loodl l,t
eve hewavewa
llsha
llbea
r-
r
angedontheupst
reams ideofthedamcres
tandtheel
evati
ono fthewallwaveshal
lbeh i
gherthan
t
hetopeleva
tionofthe wave.Thehei
ghtdif
fer (
ence f
reeboar )
d be tweenthe wave wa
llcres
tand
norma
lrese
rvo
irl
eve
lorcheckf
loodl
eve
lmaybeca
lcu
lat
edbyFormu
la(
1);andt
heh
ighes
toft
he
wavewa
llc
res
tel
eva
tionssha
llbeused.

Δh =hp +hz +hc …………………………(1 )

whe
re

Δh i
sthehei
ghtdif
fer
encebe
tweent
hewavewa
llc
res
tandt
henorma
lrese
rvo
irl
eve
lort
hecheck
f
loodl
evel,i
nm;

hp i
sthewavehei
ghtofcor
respond
ingf
requencyPi
sca
lcu
lat
edaccor
dingt
oAppend
ixA (
P=
1% f
orgr
avi
tydam),inm;

hz i
sthewavehe
i t,t
gh obeca
lcu
lat
edi
naccor
dancewi
thAppend
ixA,i
nm;

hc i
sthef
reeboa
rd,se
lec
taccor
dingt
oTab
le2,i
nm.

6.1.
2.2 Thecr
estwidthofnon-overf
low damsshal
lbedeterminedi
na ccor
dance wi
ththep r
ofile
desi
gnandoper
ati
o nmanagementrequ
irement,andsha
llnotbelessthan3 m.Ther e
inf
orcedc on-
c
ret
ewavewa
llsconnec
tedwi
tht
hedambodysha
llbeofahe
igh
tof1.
2 mont
heups
treams
ideof
10
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

thedamc
r t.
es Hand
rai
lssha
llbese
tonthedowns
treams
ideofthedamcr t.Whent
es hemobil
eho
ist
i
susedonthedam cr t,t
es hedam c
restwid
thshal
lmeettherequ
iremen
tofinst
all
ingt
heport
al
c
ranet
r s.
ack

1.
6.2.
3 Thec
ross
-sec
tiono
fanon
-ove
rfl
owdamsec
tionshou
ldbede
termi
nedacco
rdi
ngt
othef
ol-
l
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thebasi
cc r
oss
-sect
ionofanon
-overf
lowdamsecti
onshouldbet
riangu
lar,andit
spea kshoul
d
benearthedamcres
tt;hedamcres
tstruc
tur
eshou
ldbearr
angedabovetheba s
iccross
-sect
ion.

b) Theupst
reamsu r
faceofthedambody maybeve
rti
calp
lane,ob
liquepl
aneorf
oldedp
lane.The
ups
treamslopeofag r
avi
tydamshoul
dbe1∶0t o1∶0.2.Ift
hedams l
opeisafol
dedpl ,
ane the
e
leva
tionoft
hef
oldeds
lopepo
intsha
llbede
termi
nedi
ncomb
ina
tionwi
tht
hel
ayou
toft
hewa
-
t
erpor
tal
sofhyd
ropowe
rst
ati
ona
swe
llast
hedowns
treamdams
lope.

c) Thedowns
treamdams
lope maybe1∶0.
6t 8,andshou
o1∶0. ldbese
lec
tedaccor
dingt
othe
st
abi
li
tyandstr
essrequ
iremen
t scomb
inedwitht
heupst
ream dams l
opeatt
hesamet ime.For
t
heinteg
ralg
ravit
ydam withthekeygroovei
nthetr
ansver
sej o
intfort
hegrou
ting,thedam
s
lopemaybese
lec
tedbycons
ide
ringt
hecomb
inedf
orceofad
jacen
tdamsec
tions.

1.
6.2.
4 Thec
ros
s-sec
tionoft
heove
rfl
ow damsec
tionshou
ldbede
termi
nedacco
rdi
ngt
othef
ol-
l
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Asfortheweirsu
rfacecurveoftheoverf
lowdamsection,t
hepowercurvemaybeusedi
fan
openover
flowisar
r ;
anged thepa
r abo
laofor
ifi
ceove
rfl
ow maybeadopt
edifthebr
eas
twalli
s
a
rrangedandusedf
orwa
terr
eta
inng;ot
i herwe
irsu
rfacecu
rvescana
lsobeapp
liedbasedon
s
tudyandt
est
ing.

b) Thel
ead
ingedgel
eng
th,ho
l r,o
enumbe r
ifi ype,s
cet izeand we
irc
res
tel
eva
tionoft
heove
r-
f
low sec
tion oft
he su
rfa
ce ou
tle
tforf
lood d
ischa
rge sha
ll be de
termi
ned t
hrough
comprehensivecompar
ison withcons
ide
rat
iongiventotherese
rvoi
ropera
tionandfl
ooddis-
cha
rger equ
irements,ant
i-scou
randenergydiss
ipat
iono
ft hedownstr
eamriverbedandbot
h
banks,aswe
llast
her
ela
tionsh
ipbe
tweent
hedambodyandt
head
jacen
tst
ruc
tues.
r

c) Theene
rgydi
ssipa
tionandt
hean t
i-s
cou
rme t
hodsf
orthedownst
reamo
ffloodd
i s
chargeshould
i
ncl
udedef
lec
tingfl ,
ow under
fl ,
ow surfa
cefl ,
ow ro
lle
rbucke
tandjoin
tenergy d
issipa
tion,
whichshal
lbereasonab
lyse
lectedi
nacco
rdancewi
ththedamhei
ght,geolog
icalandtopog
raph
-
i
calcondi
tionso
ft hedowns
treamrive
rbedandbot
hbanksoft
hedamf oundat
i ,
on andthechan
-
gesi
nwa
terdep
thoft
hedowns
treamr
ive l,andi
rchanne ncomb
ina
tionwi
tht
her
equ
iremen
ts
f
ori
ceanddeb
risd
ischa
rgng.
i

d) Underlocalatmosphe
ricp
ressu
recond
itons,nega
i tivepr
essur
eshoul
dno tappea
rnea
rthesur-
facesp
illwayandshal
lowhol
eoverf
lowba r
rie
rroofwhenthefl
oodgatei
sfulyopen;whent
l he
11
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

gat
ei spa
rti
alyopened,s
l ligh
tnegat
ivep ressu
remaybeal
lowedbasedonstudy.
Inca
seofre-
l
easingadesignfl
ood wi
tht hefu
lly opened mode,t
henegat
ive pr
essu
reshal
lnotexceed
03MPa;i
0. nca
seofr
elea
singacheckf
loodwi
tht
hef
ulyopenedmode,t
l henega
tivep
ressu
re
sha
l 06MPa.
lnotexceed0.

e) Ther
easonab
let
ypeo
fga
tes
lotsha
llbese
lec
tedt
oavo
idexcess
ivenega
tivep
ressu
recaused
bycav
ita
tione
ros
iona
tthega
teg
roove.

f) Theogeesec
tionoft
heove
rfl
owdamsha
llbese
lec
tedaccor
dingt
othedowns
treamene
rgyd
is-
s
ipa
tionmode.

g) Gat
epiertypesanddimens
ionssha
llmeett
herequi
rement
so ft
hes t
ruc
tura
larr
angementand
f
lowcondi
tions.
Inca
seo fapla
ingate,t
hepi
eratt
hegateslo
tshal
lbethi
ckandstr
ongenough
t
omee
tther
equ
iremen
tsoft
hes
truc
tue.
r

h) Whent
heove
rfl
owdama
lsof
unc
tionsasani
cepasage,i
s tsha
llbed
imens
ionedt
aki
ngt
hei
ce
da
tai
ntoa t;wa
ccoun terdep
thont
he we
irshou
ldbeg
rea
tert
hant
he max
imumi
cet
hickness
du
ringt
hed
rif
tpe
riod;i
ceb
lockssha
llbeab
let
odi
scha
rgef
ree
ly wi
thou
tdamag
ingt
hedown
-
s
treamf
aci
li
ties;mea
sues,sucha
r sgu
ide wa
llsandr
eta
ini
ng wa
lls,shou
ldbeimp
lemen
ted
downs
tream;t
hega
tep
ier’
sheadshou
ldbei
ntheshapeo
fanacu
teang
le.

i) Thesp
il
lwayoft
hes
tonema
son
r r
ygav
itydamshou
ldbei
ntheopen mode.
Ift
her
eisaga
te,
t
hes
truc
tur
als
tab
il
ityands
tresso
fbo
tht
hega
tep
ierandt
hechambe
rsha
llbeana
lysed.

1.
6.2.
5 Theou
tle
tsi
nthedambodyshou
ldmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Theou
tle
tsi
nthedambody maybea
rrangedi
nthel
owe
rsec
tionoft
heove
rfl
owdamsec
tion
ori
naded
ica
tedou
tle
tsec
tiono
fthedam,andsha
llbeequ
ippedwi
thene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionf
aci
li
-
t
ies.

b) Theou
tle
tsi
nthedambody mayemp
loyaf
reef
lowt
unne
lorp
ressu
reho
le,
inwh
icht
hep
res
-
su
ref
lowandnon
-pr
essu
ref
lowsha
llnotoccu
ral
ter
nat
ely.

c) Thef
reef
lowt
unne
lshou
ldbei
nst
rai
ghtl
inef
ormont
hep
lane;whenabendi
srequ
ired,i
tis
necessa
ryt
ope
rformaspec
ifi
cana
lys
is,andve
rif
ytheschemet
hroughhyd
rau
licmode
ltes
ting.

d) Thel
ini
ngp
rot
ect
ionf
ort
her
eleaset
unne
lint
hedambodysha
llbede
termi
nedbyt
hehyd
rau
lic
cond
iton,o
i r
ifi
ces
ize,sed
imen
tcha
rac
ter
ist
icsofwa
terf
low andope
rat
ingcond
iti
onso
fthe
or
ifces.Asf
i ort
hep
res
sur
etunne
lwi
thr
ela
tive
lyh
ighi
nte
rna
lwa
terp
ressu
reandt
hep
ressu
re
sec
tionoft
hef
reef
lowt l,t
unne hes
tee
lli
ningorh
igh
-pe
rformanceconc
ret
eshou
ldbeused,
andt
hes
tee
lli
ningsha
llbecomb
inedwi
tht
hesu
rround
ingconc
ret
ere
liab
ly.
12
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

1.
6.3 Sect
iondes
ignofthedambody

1.
6.3.
1 Thesec
tiondes
igno
fdambodysha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
otheconc
ret
egr
avi
tydam,t
heca
lcu
lat
ionr
esu
ltso
fma
ter
ialmechan
icsme
thod
andt
her
igi
dbodyl
imi
tequ
il
ibr
ium me
thodsha
llbeusedast
hebas
ist
ode
termi
net
hedambody
sec
tion.

b) Thedes
ignsec
tionoft
heg
rav
itydamsha
llbecon
tro
lledbyt
heba
sicl
oadcomb
ina
tion,andr
e-
v
iewedbyt
hespec
iall
oadcomb
ina
tion.Wheni
tisr
evi
ewedbyt
hespec
iall
oadcomb
ina
tion,
t
hespa
tia
lin
ter
act
ionoft
hedambodymaybecons
ide
redorot
herapp
rop
ria
temeasu
resmaybe
aken,bu
t tthedes
ignsec
tionshou
ldnotbecon
tro
lledbyt
hespec
iall
oadcomb
ina
tion.

c) Ts
treng
thands
tab
il
ityo
fgr
avi
tydam wi
tht
ransve
rsej
oin
tsmaybeca
lcu
lat
edaccor
dingt
othe
pl
anarprobem;onedamsec
l t
ionoruni
twidt
h maybet akenforcal
cul
ation.Incasethetrans
-
versej
oint
sa r
egr
oued,t
t hestr
eng
thands
tabi
li
ty maybecalcu
lat
edtaki
ngt hein
tegereff
ectof
t
hedambodyi
ntoa t.
ccoun

1.
6.3.
2 Thel
oadandl
oadcomb
ina
tiona
cti
ngonag
rav
itydami
ncl
udet
hef
oll ng.
owi

a) Load

1) The we
igh
toft
hedam bodyandi
tspe
rmanen
tequ
i t:t
pmen heconc
ret
e we
igh
tofdam
5kN/m3 t
body may be23. 0kN/m3 ;t
o24. he mason
ry we
igh 0 kN/m3 t
t may be22. o
0kN/m3 .
24.

2) Hydr
ost
aticpr
essure:t heups
tream hyd
ros
t a
ticpres
sur
eshallbedeterminedaccord
ingt
o
thewate
rlevelspeci
fiedbythereservo
irfunct
ionandloadcombi
nat
i ,
on wh il
et hedown-
s
treamhyd
ros
tat
icp
ressu
resha
llbede
termi
nedacco
rdi
ngt
othecor
respond
ingun
favou
r-
ab
ledowns
tream wa
terl l.
eve

3) Up
lif
tp r
essureshal
lbeca
lcu
lat
edasthed
istr
ibu
tedf or
ceact
ingvert
ica
llyontheent
ireca
l-
cu
latedcross
-sect
iona
laea.Whent
r hecur
taingrou
tinganddra
inageholesar
ep l
aced,the
va
luemaybed
iscoun
teda
ccor
dingt
otheseepagep
res
sur
ecoe
ffi
ci t.
en

4) Sed
imen
tpr
essu
resha
llbede
termi
nedaccor
dingt
othehyd
rol
ogi
calandsed
imen
tcha
rac
-
t
eri
sti
cso
fther
ive
ratt
hedams
ite,t
hep
roec
j tl t,t
ayou heope
rat
ing modeo
fther
ese
r-
vo
irand t
he ca
lcu
lat
ion ofsed
imen
tscou
ring and s
ilt
ing,i
nor
dert
o de
termi
ne t
he
sed
imen
tth
icknes
sinf
ron
toft
hedam.

5) Wavep
res
sur
esha
llbeca
lcu
lat
edbasedont
hewavee
lemen
ts.
Dif
fer
entl
oadcomb
ina
tions
13
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

shou
ldadop
tdi
ffe
ren ndspeeds,ba
twi siccomb
ina
tionsmayadop
tannua
lmax
imum wi
nd
speedswi
thar
ecu
rrencepe
riodof50yea
rs,andspec
ialcomb
ina
tionsmayadop
ttheannua
l
max
imum wi
ndspeedf
oryea
rs.

6) I
cep
res
sur
esha
llbet
akeni
ntoaccoun
twhenat
hicki
cel
aye
risf
ormedont
hesu
rfaceof
r
ese
rvo
iri
nseve
reco
lda
r s.
ea

7) Ea
rthp
ressu
rer
efe
rst
other
oleofback
fil
li hedambody.
ngont

8) Hyd
rodynami
cpr
essu
reonace
rta
inf
lowsu
rfacesha
llbet
akeni
ntoaccoun
twhenove
rfl
ow
oft
hedamc
res
tort
hedamsu
rfacei
sadop
ted.

9) Se
ismi
cloadsi
ncl
udet
hese
ismi
cine
rti
afor
ceofdambodyandse
ismi
chyd
rodynami
cpr
es-
su
re;whent
heg
roundpeaka
cce
ler
ati
oni
sgr
eat
ert
hano
requa
lt 1g,an
o0. ti-
sei
smi
cca
l-
cu
lat
ionssha
llbepe
rformed.

10) Ot
herl
oadst
ha r.
tmayoccu

b) Loadcomb
ina
tion

Thel
oadcomb
ina
tionofan
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tyands
tressca
lcu
lat
iono
fconc
ret
egr
avi
tydam may
cons
istoft
heba
siccomb
ina
tionandt
hespec
ialcomb
ina
tion.
Thel
oadcomb
ina
tionsha
llbesub
-
ec
j tt
othep
rov
isi
ono
fTab
le3,andt
heo
the
rposs
ibl
edi
sadvan
tageouscomb
ina
tionsha
llbe
cons
ide
redwhenneces
say.Thef
r oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
tssha
l t.
lbeme

1) Themos
tdi
sadvan
tageousl
oadcomb
ina
tioni
ntheca
lcu
lat
ionsha
llbese
lec
tedaccor
dingt
o
t
hea
ctua
lpos
sib
il
ityo
fsimu
ltaneousac
tiono
fva
ri oads.
ousl

2) Adamcons
truc
tedbys
tagessha
llbeca
lcu
lat
edbys
tagesa
ccor
dingt
othecor
respond
ing
l
oadcomb
ina
tion.

3) Thecond
iti
onsdu
ringt
hecons
truc
tionpe
riodsha
llbecheckedi
fneces
say,a
r saspec
ial
comb
ina
tion.

4) I
fiti
scons
ide
redt
hatd
rai
nageequ
ipmen
tiseasyt
obeb
lockedandmus
tbef
requen
tlyr
e-
pa
ireda
ccor
dingt
othegeo
log
icando
the
rcond
itons,d
i rai
nagef
ail
uresha
llbecons
ide
redas
aspec
ialcomb
ina
tion.

14
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

Tab
le3 Loadcomb
inat
iontab
le

Load

Hyd
Hyd

r
Ea
Up

odynami
Wavep
r

So
I
S
Deadwe

r
os

Ot
cep
Load Ma
in

i
l

t
l
i

i
tp

hqua
f

lp
t
No
tes

he
tp
a
comb
ina
tion cons
ide
rat
ions

rl
r

r
i

es
es
cp

es
kel
es

es

oads
cp
su
su
i

su
r
gh

su

su
es

r
r

r
oad

r
e
e

es
t

e
su

su
r
e

re
Theso
ilp
res
sur
e
(
1)Unde
r sha
lldependon
s
itua
tion whe
the
rtheea
rth
√ √ √ √ √ — — — √ √
o
fno
rma
l ands
tonesa
ref
il
led
r
ese
rvo
irl
eve
l ou
toft
hedambody
(
thes
amebe
low).
(
2)Unde
r
s
itua
tion
Ba
sic √ √ √ √ √ — — √ √ √
o
fdes
ign
comb
ina
tion
f
loodl
eve
l

Thehyd
ros
tat
ic
r
pes
sur
eandup
lif
t
(
3)Unde
r r
pes
sur
esha
llbe
s
itua
tiono
f √ √ √ √ — √ — — √ √ ca
lcu
lat
edpe
rthe
f
reez
ing co
rrespond
ing
r
ese
rvo
irwa
ter
l
eve
linwi
ntr.
e
(
1)Unde
r
s
itua
tiono
f √ √ √ √ √ — — √ √ √
checkf
lood

Thehyd
ros
tat
ic
r
pes
sue,up
r lif
t
r
pes
sur
eand
Spec
ial wavep
res
sur
e
comb
ina
tion (
2)Unde
r sha
llbeca
lcu
lat
ed
s
itua
tiono
f √ √ √ √ √ — √ — √ √ i
nacco
rdancewi
th
ea
rthqua
ke t
heno
rma
lrese
rvo
ir
l l,o
eve rmaybe
spec
ifi
edsepa
rat
ely
wheni
tha
sbeen
demons
tra
ted.

NOTE Wi
thr
ega
rdt
osi
tua
tiono
fea
rt ke,t
hqua hewavep
res
sur
ewi
llno
tbei
ncl
udedwhencons
ide
ring wi
nte
rsea
-
sonandi
cep
res
sue.
r

15
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

1.
6.3.
3 Thes
tressca
lcu
lat
ionf
ordamsha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons.
i

a) Thestr
essca
lcu
lati
ono ft
hedam maybebasedonthes
caleoft
hep r
ojec
tandthes
truc
tur
eof
thedambody,inc
ludi
ngsomeoralloft
hefoll
owi
ngconten
ts,oro
thercont
ens.
t

1) Calcu
latet
hes
tressont
heselec
t edsect
ionofthedambody (se
lecttheca
lcu
lat
ionsect
ion
accordi
ngtot
hedam hei t,i
gh ncl
udingthedam founda
tionsurace,t
f hesecti
on ofthe
f
oldeds
lopeando
the
rsec
tionst
hatneedt
obeca
lcu
laed).
t

2) Cal
cul
atetheloca
lst
ressontheweakpos
itons (
i suchascave
rns,wa
terd
rai
nagep
ipe
lines
andin
takecondui
tforhyd
ropowe
rstat
i )
on ofthedambody.

3) Cal
cul
atethestr
esso ftheind
iv i
dualpos
itons (
i suchasga
tep
ier,b
reas
twa
ll,gu
ide wa
ll
andwaterin
takesuppor
tingstructu
re)ofthedambody.

4) Ana
lyset
hei
nte
rna
lst
res
sont
hedamf
ounda
tionwhenneces
say.
r

b) Theve
rti
calno
rma
lst
res
soft
hedam hee
landt
hedam t
oeoft
he g
rav
ity dam f
ounda
tion
su
rfacesha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

1) Se
rvi
cingpe
riod:wi
thi
nva
riousl
oadcomb
ina
tions,t
heve
rti
calno
rma
lst
res
soft
hedam
hee
lsha
llno
tcon
tai
nthet
ens
iles
tressandt
heve
rti
calnorma
lst
ressoft
hedamt
oesha
ll
bel
esst
hant
hea
llowab
lecomp
ress
ives
tres
soft
hedamf
ounda
tion.

2) Cons
truc
tionpe
riod:t
heve
rti
calnorma
lst
ressoft
heconc
ret
egr
avi
tydamt
oemaynotbe
r
gea
tert 1 MPa.
han0.

c) Thedambodys
tresso
fag
rav
itydamsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

1) Serv
icingpe
riod:thevert
icalnorma
lst
ressonupst
reamsur
faceofthedambodysha
llnot
cont
ainthetens
ilest
ress;themaximum p
rinc
ipa
lcompr
ess
ivestr
essofthedambodyshal
l
notbeg
rea
tert
hant
hea
llowab
lecomp
ress
ives
tres
soft
hema
ter
ias.
l

2) Const
ruc
tionpe
r od:t
i hepri
nci
palcomp
r ess
ives
tressonanysecti
ono ft
hedambodyshal
l
notbegreat
erthant
hea l
lowab
lecompressi
vestr
essofthema t
erias;ont
l hedowns
tream
su
rfa
ceo
fthedambody,t
hep
rinc
ipa
ltens
iles
tressoft
heconc
ret
egr
avi
tydam maynotbe
r
gea
tert 2 MPa.
han0.

d) Thea
llowab
les
tres
soft
heconc
ret
esha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons.
i

1) Thea
llowab
les
tresso
fthedambodyconc
ret
emaybede
termi
nedbyd
ivi
dingt
hes
tanda
rd
va
lueofconc
ret
est
reng
thbythesaf
etyf
actor.Thestandardval
ueo ft
heconc r
etest
reng
th
mayuse150mmcubest
reng
thwithageof90days,andt hest
rengt
ha ssu
rancerat
eis80%.
16
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

2) Thecompres
sionr
esi
stancesafe
tyfact
oro ft
hedam bodyconcr
eteshal
lnotbelessthan
4.
0forthebasi
ccombinat
ionandsha
llnotbelesst
han3.
5forthespec
ialcomb
ina
tion (
ex-
c
lud
ingea
rt ke).
hqua Ift
her
eist
het
ens
iler
equ
iremen
tfort
hel
oca
lconc
ree,t
t het
ens
ile
-
s
treng
thsa
fet
yfac
torsha
llnotbel
esst 0.
han4.

3) Whentheseismi
cloadi
st akenintoaccount,thecomp
ress
ives
afe
tyf
act
oroft
hedamcon
-
c
retesha
llbe4.1,andthet ens
ilesa
fetyfactormaybe2.4.

e) Thevert
ica
lnormals
tressoft
hegravi
tydamfounda
tionandt
hedambodyc
ross
-sec
tionsha
llbe
ca
lcu
lat
edinaccor
dancewiththeFormua(
l 2).

∑W ∑Mx …………………………(2 )
σy = +
A J

whe
re

σy i
stheve
rti
calno
rma
lst
res
soft
heca
lcu
lat
ionsec
tion,i
nkPa;

∑W i
st hesumofnormalfor
ceontheca
lcu
lat
ionsec
tionact
eduponbyal
lloads (
inc
lud
ing
upl
iftpr
essu
re,thesamebe
low)onthedamsectionor1mdamleng
th,inkN;

∑M isthesumoft hetorqueofal
lloadsact
ingont
hedamsec
tionor1 mdaml
eng
tht
othe
cal
cula
tionsec
tioncentr
oidaxs,i
i nkN·m;

A i
stheca
lcu
lat
ionsec
tiona
reaoft
hedamsec
tiono
r1mdaml
eng
th,i
nm2 ;

X i
stheDi
stancef
romca
lcu
lat
ionpo
intt
othecen
tro
idax
isont
heca
lcu
lat
ionsec
tion,
inm;

J i
st hei
nert
iamomentofthecal
cul
ati
onsecti
ononthedamsecti
onor1mdamleng
thto
thecent
roi
daxi
sf; ort
herec
tangu
larsec
tioniti 2
/ ,
sh 6 whe r
einh r
efe
rst
oca
lcul
ati
on
sec
tionhe
i t,i
gh nm4 .

f) Theca
lcu
lat
ingoft
hean
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tyo
fthedam bodysha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
i-
sons:
i

1) Theca
lcu
lat
ionoft
hean
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tyoft
hedambody ma
inl
yinc
ludest
hef
oll
owi
ngcon
-
ten
ts:

(
1) ca
lcu
lat
ionoft
hean
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tyoft
hedambodya
longt
hedamf
ounda
tionsu
rface;

(
2) ca
lcu
lat
ionoft
hedeeps
lid
ings
tab
il
ityf
ort
hedamf
ounda
tion whent
he weaks
truc
-
t
ura
lsu
rfa
ceorl
ow-
ang
led
ipf
rac
tur
eex
ist
sint
her
ockmas
soft
hedamf
ounda
tion.
17
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

2) Theant
i-s
lipst
abi
li
tyo fthegr
avi
tydam body maybecal
cul
atedaccor
dingt
otheshea
r-
brea
kstr
engthFormua(
l 3)ort
heshea
rstreng
thFormua(
l 4).

f'∑ W + C
'A
K
'= …………………………(3 )
∑P

whe
re

K' i
st hean
ti-s
lipst
abi
li
tysa
fet
yfa
cto
risca
lcu
lat
edi
nacco
rdancewi
tht
heshea
ringr
e-
si
stings
trength;

∑W i
sthenorma
lcomponentofa
llloads (
inc
lud
ingupl
iftp
ressu
re,t
hesamebe
low)ac
t-
i
ngonthedambodyt othesl
idingpl ,
ane i
nkN ;

∑P i
sthet
angen
tia
lcomponen
tofa
lll
oadsa
cti
ngont
hedambodyt
othes
lid
ingp
lane,
nkN;
i

f' i
st heshea
ringresi
sti
ngfr
ict
ioncoeff
ici
entoft
hecon
tac
tsu
rfacebe
tweent
hedam
bodyconcreteandthedamfoundat
ion;

C' istheshea
ringres
ist
ingcohes
iveforceo
fthecon
tac
tsu
rfacebe
tweent
hedambody
concre
teandt hedamfoundat
ion,inKPa;

A i
stheSec
tiona
lar
eaoft
hedamf
ounda
tioncon
tac
tsu
rface,i
nm2 .

f∑ W
K= …………………………(4 )
∑P

whe
re

K i
sthean
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tys
afe
tyf
act
orca
lcu
lat
edi
naccor
dancewi
tht
heshea
rst
reng
th;

f i
stheshea
rfr
ict
ioncoe
ffi
cien
toft
hecon
tac
tsu
rfacebe
tweent
hedam bodyconc
ret
e
andt
hedamf
ounda
tion.

3) Fort
hedeepan
ti-
sli
des
tab
il
ityca
lcu
lat
ion,t
hes
lid
ingbodysha
llbed
ivi
dedi
ntotwopa
rts,
andt
hemethodofequals
afe
tyfa
ctorshal
lbeadop
tedtomaket hemint heu
ltima
teequi
lib
-
ri
umsta
ter
espec
tivey,a
l sshowninFigu
re1.Thedeepan
ti-
sli
ps tab
il
ityofthegrav
itydam
f
oundat
ionmaybecalcu
lat
edina ccor
dancewitht
heshea
r-b
reaks
treng
thFormu
las(
5)and
(6)ortheshea
rst
rengt
hFo rmu
las (7)and (
8).

18
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

F
igur
e1 Schemat
icd
iag
ramofs
lidepaneofdoub
le-
tape
rwedge

(
1) Whent
hes
tab
il
ityofb
lockABDi
scons
ide
red:

f'
1 [ ( W + G1 ) cosα - Hs
inα - Qsn(φ - α ) - U1 + U3s
i inα ] +c
'1A1
K
'1=
( W + G1 ) s
inα + Hcosα - U3cosα - Qcos(φ - α )
……(5 )

(
2) Whent
hes
tab
il
ityofb
lockBCDi
scons
ide
red:

f'
2 [G2cosβ + Qs
in(φ +β ) - U2 + U3s
inβ ] +c
'2A2
K
'2= ………(6 )
Qcos(φ +β ) - G2s
inβ + U3cosβ

Thean
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tys
afe
tyf
act
orK'i
sso
lvedi
naccor
dancewi
thK
'=K
'1 =K
'2.

whe
re

K'
1andK'
2 istheant
i-s
lipstab
il
itysafe
tyf
act
orca
lcu
lat
edi
naccor
dancewi
tht
he
shear
ingres
isti
ngs t
rengh;
t

W i
st heVer
tica
lcomponen
tofal
lloads (
exclud
ingtheup
lif
tpr
essu
re,
thesamebel )
ow ac
tingont
hedambody i,nkN ;

H i
sthe hor
izon
talcomponen
tofa
lll
oadsa
cti he dam body,
ng ont
nkN;
i

G1 and G2 isthever
tica
lac
tingf
orceoft
he we
igh
tofr
ock masses ABD and
,
BCD inkN;

f
'1andf
'2 istheshea
ringr
esi
sti
ngf
ric
tioncoe
ffi
cien
toft
hes
lid
ingsu
rfacesAB
andBC;

c
'1andc
'2 i
stheshea
ringr
esi
sti
ngcohes
ivef
orceoft
hes
lid
ingsu
rfacesABand
19
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

BC,i
nkPa;

A1 and A2 i
sthea
reaofsu
rfacesABandBC,i
nm2 ;

α andβ i
sthein
tersecti
onang l
ebe
tweent
hesu
rfacesABandBCandt
hehor
i-
zon
talp
l ,
ane in °( );

U1,U2 a
ndU3 i
stheup
lif
tpr
essu
reonsu
rfacesAB,BCandBD,i
nkN;

Q i
sthef
orceac
tingonsu
rfceBD,i
a nkN.

Φ i
st hei
nter
sect
ionang
lebetweenfor
ceact
ingonsu r
faceBDandthe
hor
izon
talpane;t
l obese
lectedupondemons
tra
tion;forsa
fet
ycon-
ce
rn,i
tmayt °.
ake0

(
3) I
fthes
tab
il
ityofb
lockABDi
scons
ide
red:

f1 [ ( W + G1 ) cosα - Hsinα - Qsin(φ - α ) - U1 + U3s

inα ]
K1 = ……(7 )
( W + G1 ) s
inα + Hcosα - U3cosα - Qcos(φ - α )

(
4) I
fthes
tab
il
ityofb
lockBCDi
scons
ide
red:

f2 [G2cosβ + Qs
in(φ +β ) - U2 + U3s
inβ ]
K2 = ………(8 )
Qcos(φ +β ) - G2s
inβ + U3cosβ

Thean
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tys
afe
tyf
act
orKi
sso
lvedi
naccor
dancewi
thK=K1 =K2 .

whe
re

K1 and K2 istheanti
-sl
ipstab
il
itysa
fet
yfac
torca
lcu
lat
edi
naccor
dance wi
tht
he
shears
trength;

f1 and f2 i
sthe shea
ring r
esi
sti
ng f
ric
tion coe
ffi
cien
tso
fsl
idi
ng su
rfaces AB
andBC.

4) Thean
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tyca
lcu
lat
ionf
ort
heg
rav
itydambodysha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
ire
-
men
ts.

(
1) Thean
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tyana
lys
issha
llbeca
lcu
lat
edi
naccor
dance wi
tht
heshea
r-b
reak
st
reng
thformu
la.Thecalcu
lat
ion maybeper
formedaccord
ingtotheshearst
rengt
h
f
ormulawhentherock mas
so fthedamfoundat
ioni
sr e
lat
ivey weak,sucha
l ssoft
r
ockorawea
kst
ruc
tur
alsu
rfce.
a
20
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

(
2) Thean
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tysa
fet
yfac
torK'and K f
ort
hedeeps
lid
ings
tab
il
ityca
lcu
lat
ion
f
ort
he dam f
ounda
tionsha
llno
tbel
esst
hant
he va
luesr
equ
iredi
n Tab
le4 and
Tab
le5.

Tab
le4 Ant
i-s
lipstab
ili
tysafetyf rK'ca
acto lcu
latedi
naccor
dancetheshea
r-b
reakf
ormu
las

Loadcomb
ina
tion K'

Ba
siccomb
ina
tion 3.
0

(
1)Checkedf
loods
itua
tion 2.
5
Spec
ialcomb
ina
tion
(
2)Ea
rthqua
kes
itua
tion 2.
3

Tab
le5 Ant
i-s
lipstab
ili
tysafetyf rK ca
acto lcu
latedi
nacco
rdancewi
ththeshea
ringf
ormu
las

Loadcomb
ina
tion K

Ba
siccomb
ina
tion 1.
05

(
1)Checkedf
loods
itua
tion 1.
00
Spec
ialcomb
ina
tion
(
2)Ea
rthqua
kes
itua
tion 1.
00

1.
6.4 Dambodyconst
ruct
ion

1.
6.4.
1 Thega
lle
riesandpass
agesi
nsi
det
hedamsha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons.
i

a) Thegalle
riesandpass
agesinsi
det hedamsha
llbedesi
gnedformul
til
pepu rposesi
ncludi
ngthe
founda
tiongrout
ing,dra
inage,sa
fe t
ymoni
tor
ing,i
nspect
ionandma
intenance,opera
tion,mob-
i
li
ty wi
thi
ndamandt herequi
rementsofthecons
truct
ionper
iod. Ont hepr
emiseo
fmeeti
ngthe
oper
ati
onalandcons
truc
tionrequ
iremens,t
t hegal
ler
iesand passagesshal
lbecomb
ined,and
t
hequan
tit
yandd
imens
ionso
fthega
lle
riesandpassagessha
llbemi
n zed.
imi

b) Thegall
eryshou
ldno
tbearrangedforlowdams;whenthedamheigh
tishighe
rthan30mort
he
grou
tingequi
pmenti
slimi
t ,
ed af oundat
iong
rou
tingga
lle
rysha
llbearanged.
r

● Theconc
ret
eth
icknessoft
hega
lle
ryf
loo
rshou
ldno
tbel
es han3 m,t
st heconc
ret
eth
ick
-
nes
sbetweenthega
lle
ryandtheups
treamdamsu rfaceshal
lmeettheanti
-seepagerequ
ire-
ment (
s p
refe
rabl
y0.
05t o0.
1timeswaterheadac
tingont hedamf )
ace andshallnotbeless
han3m,andt
t hed
ist
ancet
oot
herr
elea
set
unne
lsshou
ldnotbel
esst
han3mt
o5m.

● Thelongi
tud
inalgradi
entofthefoundat
iongrou
tinggal
ler
ysha
llbelesst °;t
han45 heslope
ofthelonggal
ler
yi sgrea
terthan45 ,
°t hesa
fet
yp l
atf
ormandhandr
a i
lsshal
lbear
rangedin
sec
tions,andt
hee
leva
tiond
iff
erenceoft
hesa
fet
ypl
atf
ormshou
ldbe15mt
o20m.

● Whent
heg
rad
ien
tofbot
hbanksi
smo
ret °,t
han45 hef
ounda
tiong
rou
tingga
lle
rymaybea
r-
r
angedi
nlaye
rsandconnec
tedwi
thve
rti
calsha
fts.
21
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

c) Thesec
tionofga
lle
ryi
nsi
det
hedam mayemp
loya
rchedo
rrec
tangu
larshape.

● Thesec
tionsi
zeofthefoundat
iong
routingga
lle
ryshal
lbede te
rminedacco
rdi
ngtot hesi
ze
andope
rati
ngrequ
irement
so fthedr
il
li
ngandg rou
ting mach
ineandt oo
ls,witha wid
thin
t
her
angeof2.
5 mt
o3.
0 mandahe
igh
tint
her
angeof3.
0 mt
o3.
5 m.

● Thes
izeofo
the
rga
lle
riessha
llbeab
let
oensu
ret
hei
rfunc
tionsandf
reepas
sage,wi
tha
wi
dthnol
esst
han1.
2 mandahe
igh
tnol
esst
han2.
2 m.

d) Thega
lle
rysha
llbeequ
ipped wi
thsu
ffi
cien
tli
ght
ingf
aci
li
tiesandgoodven
til
ati
oncond
itons,
i
andal
lki
ndsofel
ect
rica
lequi
pmentandli
nesshal
lbeprope
rlyi
nsul
ated.Grav
it ydra
inage may
beusedwhent
hegal
lerybo
ttomishi
gherthant
hever
ifi
edtai
lwa
terleve ;
l acollect
ingwe l
lshal
l
bep
rov
idedandpumpedou
tbyawa
terpumpwhent
hega
lle
rybot
tomi
slowe
rthant
heve
rif
ied
t
ailwa
terl l.
eve

e) Theaccessb
ridgebehi
ndthedamshoul
dbebuiltonthedownst
reamdamfaceabovethedown-
st
reamh i
ghwa te
rl l,wh
eve ichshou
ldbecoor
dinat
edwiththelayou
toft
hecavernsandgal
ler
-
i
esi
nthedambody.

f) Ef
fec
tivef
ire
figh
ting mea
sur
essha
llbeimp
lemen
tedi
nthega
lle
ryandt
he wa
terpumpcham-
be
rs.

1.
6.4.
2 Thej
oin
tsoft
hedambodysha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons.
i

a) Thed
ivi
sionoflong
itud
inalandt
r ansversej
oint
sshal
lbedeterminedbycomp rehensivecompar-
i
soninacco
rdancewiththegeologicalandtopogr
aphi
calcondi
ti ,
ons dam bodyl ayou ,
t sec
tion
s
izeo
fthedam body,t
empe
rat
ures
tressandcons
truc
tioncond
itons.Thei
i nte
rva
lbe
tween
t
ransve
rsej
oin
tsshou
ldbe15mt
o20mandt
hei
nte
rva
lbe
tweenl
ong
itud
ina
ljo
int
sshou
ldbe
15mt
o30m.

b) Whenthetr
ansver
sejoin
tsareusedasexpans
ionj
oin
tso rsubs
idencejoi
nts,theyshal
lbebui
lt
aspe
rmanentjo
ints,t
hej o
intsurf
aceshal
lnotbeg rou
tedand wa t
er-
stop measur
esshal
lbe
t
akennea
rtheups
tream dam su
rfce.
a Int
hef
oll
owi
ngcases,t
het
ransve
rsej
oin
tsshou
ldbe
t
empor
ar o
yjin
tsandbeg
rou
tedi
nwho
leori
npa
rt.

1) A mono
lit
hicg
rav
itydami
susedf
ort
hebene
fitofdam bodys
treng
thands
tab
il
ityi
fthe
va
lleyi
sna
rrow.

2) Thead
jacen
tdamsec
tionsa
reconnec
tedt
othewho
let
oimp
rovet
hes
tab
il
ityofdambody
ont
hebanks
lopei
fthebanks
lopei
sre
lat
ive
lys
teep.

3) Thead
jacen
tdamsec
tionsa
reconnec
tedt
othe who
let
oimp
rovet
her
igi
dit
yoft
hedam
bodyf
ort
hedamsec
tionsl
oca
tedi
naweak
-fr
act
urezone.
22
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

4) Thead
jacen
tdamsec
tionsa
reconnec
tedt
othewho
let
oimp
rovet
hean
ti-
sei
smi
cpr
ope
rty
oft
hedam bodyi
nthe me
izose
isma
lar
ea wi
thag
round mot
ionpeakacce
ler
ati
ong
rea
ter
t 2g.
han0.

c) Thespa
cingo
ft r
ansver
sejoi
ntsshal
lbeadap
tedtothedams
truct
ure,suchaspi
pesembedded
i
nthedam,r e
leaset l,d
unne iver
sionbot
tom ou
tle
tandoverf
low sur
faceout
letonthedam
c
r t.
es Fo
rthedamsec
tiononabanks
lope,t
het
ransve
rsej
oin
tsshou
ldbese
tatt
hepos
iti
ons
wi
thb
reak
sort
urn
ings.

d) Thel
ong
itud
ina
ljo
int
sshou
ldnotbenecess
aryf
ormed
ium/
low dams,bu
tmaybecons
ide
red
duet
othel
imi
tat
iono
fpl
aci
ngcapac
ityort
het
empe
rat
urecon
tro
lrequ
iremen
ts.

● Thelongi
tudi
naljo
int
s maybe madeatcer
tai
ne leva
tion;iftheya
reex
tendedt
othedam
sur
face,theyshou
ldint
ersec
twiththedamsurf
aceve rt
ica
lly.

● Ont
hel
ong
itud
ina
ljo
intsu
rface,t
hehor
izon
talkeyg
roovesha
l t,andt
lbese heg
rou
ting
sys
temsha
llbebu
riedf
org
rou
ting.

e) Thelong
itud
i na
landtransversej
oint
sshal
lbepar
tit
ionedin
toseve
rala
reaswitht
heg r
outstop
pl
atesforgroutng.Thesu
i r
faceareaofeachg
rout
ingareamaybe200m t
2
o400m ,i
2
tshe
ight
maybe10mto15mandt hegrou
tingpres
suremaybe0.1 MPat 3 MPa.
o0. Thegrou
tingshou
ld
bepe
rfo
rmeddu
ringt
hel
ow- t
empe ra
tur
esea ;
son theg
rout
ingtempe
ratur
eshoul
dbet hes
tab
le
t
empe
rat
ureofdamebody.

f) Thet
hicknessofp
lacementblock
sparti
tionedbyhori
zonta
lconst
ruc
tionjoi
ntsshoul
dbe1.
5m
to4. ,
0 m andthesma l
lerva
lueischosenwheni ti
sc l
osetothebedrocksur
face.

● Befo
repl
aci
ngtheuppe
rconcre
te,i
tisnecess
arytowashthehor
izonta
lcons
truc
tionjoin
ts,
pave20mmt o30 mmt h
ickcemen
tmo rta
rorfineaggr
egateconcr
ete,andtheho r
izonta
l
cons
truc
tionj
oin
tsbe
tweenad
jacen
tpl
acemen
tbl
ocksi
nsamedam sec
tionsha
llbes
tag
-
ge
red.

● Whent
hehor
izon
talcons
truc
tionj
oin
tin
ter
sec
tswi
tht
het
opa
rcho
fthega
lle
ry,t
hed
is-
t
ancef
romt
heho
rizon
talcons
truc
tionj
oin
tabovet
hega
lle
ryt
othega
lle
ryt
opsha
llnotbe
l
esst
han1.
5 m.

1.
6.4.
3 Thewa
ters
topandd
rai
nageo
fthedambodysha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons.
i

a) Wa
ters
topf
aci
li
tiessha
llbel
aidou
tont
heups
treamsu
rface (
inc
lud
ing wavewa
ll),ove
rfl
ow
l
paneandbe
lowt
heh
ighes
tta
ilwa
terl
eve
lont
hedowns
treamsu
rfaceanda
roundt
hega
lle
ries
andt
unne
lsi
nthedam pa
sst
hrought
hej
oin
ts.

b) The wa
ters
topont
heove
rfl
ow p
laneshou
ldbe we
lded wi
tht
heembeddedhyd
ro mechan
ica
l
23
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

s
truc
tur
eatt
hebot
tomoft
hega
tet
oformanenc
loseds
truc
tue.The wa
r ters
topf
aci
li
tiesof
t
hewavewa
llsha
llbeconnec
tedwi
tht
hewa
ters
topo hedambody.
ft

c) Thewat
er-
stops
tri
pinthetransve
rsej
oin
tnea
rtheupst
reamsur
facesha
llbepr
oper
lyconnec
t-
edwi
ththedamfounda
tion,andthedept
hofthewate
r-st
opst
ripbur
iedint
othebedr
ockmay
be0.
3 mt
o0.
5 m.

● Thewa
ter
-st
ops
tri
p mayemp
loyacoppe
rst
rip wi
that
hicknessof1.
0 mmt 2 mm;t
o1. he
t
ransve
rsej
oin
tbe
tweent
he wa
ter
-st
ops
tri
pandt
heups
tream dam su
rface maybef
il
led
wi
thf
lex
ibl
esea
ling ma
ter
ias.
l

● Thecoppe
rwa
ter
-st
ops
tri
pshou
ldbe madei
ntoa “}”shape;t
hel
eng
tho
feachs
ideem-
beddedi
nconc
ret
esha
llbenotl
esst
han0.
2 mt
o0.
25m.

● Thegravit
ydam wi
thadamheigh
tles
st han30 m mayemp
loyplas
ticorrubberwater
-stop
st
ri ;
ps theapp
ropr
iat
est
anda
rd model
ssha l
lbese l
ect
edinaccor
dance wit
ht he wor
king
head,c
lima
ticcond
itons,pos
i iti
onandcons
truc
tionconven
ience,ande
ffec
tive measu
res
sha
llbet
akent
opr
even
tde
forma
tiondu
ringi
nst
all
aton.
i

d) As
tra
igh
tornea
rlys
tra
igh
tdr
ainagep
ipi
ngsha
llbei
nst
all
eddowns
treamoft
heimpe
rvi
ousba
r-
r
ieront
heups
treamsu
rfa
ceo
fthedambody.

● Thel
owerpartoft
hed r
ainagepi
peshallbeconnect
edt ot
helong
itud
inald
rainagegal
ley,
r
andt
heuppe
rpartsha
llbeconnectedt
ot heuppergal
ler
yordamcrest(orbel
owt heover-
f
lowsu
rface).

● Thedra
inagepipemaybeintheformofadr ube,d
awnt ril
ledholesorprecas
tnon-f
inecon-
cr
ete;thespa
cingofthep
ipesshallbe2mto3mandtheinne
rd iame
teroft hep
ipessha
ll
be0.
15mt
o0.
25m.

e) Wa
terpe
rmea
tingi
ntot
hed
rai
nagep
ipesha
llbeco
llec
tedt
othel
ong
itud
ina
ldr
ainagega
lle
ry,
impor
tedt
othewa
ter
-co
llec
ting we
lla
longt
heca
tchd
rai
norco
llec
tingp
ipeandt
henbed
rai
ned
t
othedowns
treams
idebypump
ingo
rgr
avi
tyf
low.
Thesec
tiona
reaofad
ischa
rged
itchshou
ld
be0.
3 m × 0.
3 mandt
hebo
ttoms
lopeshou
ldbe3‰.Dr
ainagep
ipecons
truc
tionsha
llbep
re-
ven
tedf
rombe
ingb
lockedbyconc
ret
eordeb
ris.

f) Fort
heseepagep
roof
ingo
fas
tonema
son
rydam,e
ithe
rconc
ree(
t r
ein
for
cedconc
ree)f
t aci
ng
maybep
lacedont
heups
treams
ideoft
hedambodyorconc
ret
ecor
ewa
llsmaybese
tupnea
r
theups
treamsur
face.Thetopthi
cknessofconc
ret
epanelorcor
e wa
llshou
ldbenotles
sthan
300mm,andt hebott
omt h
icknessshou
ldbe1/30to1/60ofthemax
imum watrhead.
e

1.
6.4.
4 Thezon
ingo
fthedambody ma
ter
ial
ssha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons.
i
24
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

a) Cemen
t,agg
rega
tes,wa
ter,admi
xtu
reandadmi
xtu
resusedf
ort
hedam conc
ret
esha
llmee
t
t
hep
rov
isi
onsoft
hecu
rren
tloca
lst
anda
rds.

b) Damconc
ret
esha
llbezoneda
ccor
dingt
odi
ffe
ren
tpos
it
ion
sandcond
iti
ons,a
sshowni
nFi
gur
e2.
Thezon
ingpe
rformancer
equ
iremen
tssha
llbesub
jec
ttot
hep
rov
isi
onso
fTab
le6.

Key
1 max
imumups
tream wa
terl
eve
l
2 mi
nimumups
tream wa
terl
eve
l
3 mi
nimumdowns
tream wa
terl
eve
l
4 ga
tep
ier
5 gu
idewa
ll
Ⅰ a
reao
fconc
ret
eont
heou
tersu
rfa
ceo
fthedambodyabovet
heups
treamanddowns
tream wa
terl
eve
ls
Ⅱ a
reao
fconc
ret
eont
heou
tersu
rfa
ceo
fthedambodyi
nups
treamanddowns
tream wa
terl
eve
lchang
inga
rea
s
Ⅲ a
reao
fconc
ret
eont
heou
tersu
rfa
ceo
fthedambodybe
lowups
treamanddowns
tream wa
terl
eve
ls
Ⅳ a
reao
ffounda
tionconc
ret
eoft
hedambody
Ⅴ a
reao
fconc
ret
ewi
thi
ndambody
Ⅵ a
reao
fconc
ret
einan
ti-
scou
ringpos
itons (
i sucha
sove
rfl
owsu
rfce,r
a elea
seopen
ing,d
ivi
ding wa
llandga
tep
ier)

F
igur
e2 Dambodyconcr
etezon
ingd
iagr
am

Tab
le6 Damconc
retezon
ingper
formancer
equ
irements

Max
imum
An
ti- F
ros
t An
ti- An
ti- Low Ma
ine
lemen
ts
Ar
eas St
reng
th wa
ter
-cemen
t
pe
rmeab
il
ity r
esi
sti
ng s
cou
ring e
ros
ion hea
t f
orzon
ing
r
ati
o

Ⅰ + - ++ - - + + F
ros
tres
ist
ing

F
ros
tres
ist
ingand
Ⅱ + + ++ - + + +
an
ti-
cra
cki
ng

An
ti-pe
rmeab
il
ity
Ⅲ ++ ++ + - + + +
andan
ti-
cra
cki
ng

Ⅳ ++ + + - + ++ + An
ti-
cra
cki
ng

Ⅴ ++ + + - - ++ +

An
ti-
scou
ringand
Ⅵ ++ - ++ ++ ++ + +
wea
r-r
esi
sti
ng
NOTE I
nthet
abe,t
l hei
temsma
rkedwi
th “++ ”a
ret
hema
incon
tro
lfa
cto
rsf
orse
lec
tingt
heconc
ret
egr
adef
or
va
riousa
r s,t
ea hei
temsma
rkedwi
th “+ ”a
ret
hei
temsf
orwh
ichr
equ
iremen
tsshou
ldbei
ncr
easedandt
he
i
temsma
rkedwi
th “- ”a
ret
hei
temsf
orwh
icht
her
equ
iremen
tsneedno
ttobei
ncr
eased.

25
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

c) Thes t
rengthgr
adeofconcre
tei nthesamepouri
ngblockshouldnotexceedtwok nds,t
i he
gradedif
fer
enceshou
ldnotexceedtwoleve
ls,andthethi
cknes
sshal
lno tbelesst
han2 mto
3m.

d) Thes
treng
tho
ftheconc
ret
ear
oundb
igor
ifi
cessucha
sdi
ver
sionbot
tom open
ings,d
ive
rsi
on
i
ppeandwa
terr
eleas
ingt
unne
lsi
nthedambodyaswe
llast
heconc
ret
eint
hedam body wi
th
peakg
roundmo
tiona
cce
ler
ati
onabove0.
2gsha
llbeapp
rop
ria
tel
yinc
reased.

● Thes
treng
thg
radeo
fconc
ret
eint
hedambodysha
llno
tbel
owe
rthanC9010 (
ina
ccor
dance
wi
tht hecubespec
imen wi
ths idelengt
hof150 mm f ab
rica
tedandcured withstandar
d
method;thecompr
ess
ivestreng
t hwithanassu
rancer
ateof80% measu
redwi t
ht hestand-
a
rdt
est
ing me
thodwi
thi
n90
-dayageshou
ldnotbel han10MPa).
esst

● Thes
treng
thg
radeo
fconc
ret
eont
heove
rfl
owsu
rfa
cesha
llno
tbel
owe
rthanC2825 (
ina
c-
cordancewi
ththecubespec
imenwithsideleng
t hof150mmf abr
ica
tedandcu
red wi
ththe
standardme
thod;thecompres
sives
trengt
hwi ththeassu
rancer
ateof95% measu
red wi
th
t
hes
tanda
rdt
estme
thodwi
thi
n28
-dayageshou
ldno
tbel han25MPa).
esst

e) Inaddi
tiont
othestr
engthrequir
ementsofthedesign,t
hedamconc r
etesha
lla
lsomeetthecu
r-
abi
li
tyrequi
remen
tso fant
i- ,
seepage fr
ostresi
st ,
ance an
ti-
scou
ringand wearres
ist
anceand
cor
ros
ionr
esi
stanceandl
ow-
hea
tres
ist
ancer
espec
tive
lya
ccor
dingt
otheope
rat
ingcond
iti
ons
oft
hedamandt
hespec
ifi
ccond
iti
onsoft
hel
oca
lcl
ima
te.

f) Theseepager
esi
stanceg
radeofdamconc
ret
esha
llbeadop
tedi
naccor
dance wi
thTab
le7a
c-
cor
dingtothepos
itionsandhydrau
licgrad
ient.Withr
ega
rdt othes
truct
uressu
ffer
ingf
romt he
watercor
roson,i
i t
sseepager es
istancegradesha
llbepa
rti
cula
rlyt
estedandstud
ied,butshal
l
notbel
owe
rthan W4;t
heseepager
esi
stanceg
radeo
ftheconc
ret
eshou
ldbemeasu
redwi
tha
spec
imenwi
th90
-dayagea
cco
rdi
ngt
othet
imef
ordambodyt
osus
tai
nwa
terp
res
sur
eac
tion.

Tab
le7 Mi
nimuma
llowab
leva
lueoftheseepager
esi
stancegr
adeofthedamconcr
ete

Seepager
esi
stance
No. Pos
iti
on Hyd
rau
licg
rad
ien
t
r
gade

1 I
nsi
dedambody W2

i<10 W4
Ot
herpos
iti
onso
fdambodyshou
ldbe
10≤i<30 W6
2 cons
ide
redi
nacco
rdancewi
tht
he
30≤i<50 W8
hyd
rau
licg
rad
i t.
en
i≥50 W10

NOTE I
ntheTab
le,ir
efe
rst
ohyd
rau
licg
rad
i t.
en

g) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
other
egi
onswi
thf
ros
tres
ist
ancer
equ
iremen
ts,t
hef
ros
tres
ist
anceg
radef
ort
he
damconc
retesha
llbeselec
tedwi t
hre
fer
encetoTable8andaccor
dingt
omu lti
plef
actor
sincl
u-
di
ngthecl
imat
iczoning,fros
t-t
hawcycl
etimes,loca
lmicroc
limat
econdi
tionsofthesurace,
f
26
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

mo
ist
uresa
tur
ati
ondeg
ree,impor
tanceofs
truc
tur
alcomponen
tsandt
hecomp
lex
ityofove
r-
l.Thef
hau ros
tres
ist
anceg
radeofconc
ret
eint
her
egi
on whe
ret
heave
rage mon
thl
ytempe
ra-
t
urei
sbe
low -25 ℃ shou
ldbede
termi
nedaccor
dingt
othespec
ifi
csi
tua
tion.

Tab
le8 F
rostr
esi
stantg
radeofthedamconc
rete

C
lima
ticr
egi
ons Seve
reco
ldr
egi
on Co
ldr
egi
on Mi
ldr
egi
on

Annua
lfr
ost
-thawcyc
l imes (
et times) ≥100 <100 ≥100 <100

Thepos
iti
ons wh
icha
reimpo
rtan
tins
truc
tue,endu
r res
se
riousco
ldanda
red
iff
icu
ltt
oove
r l:
hau
Theove
rfl
ow dam wi
th af
low ve
loc
ityo
f mo
ret
han
F400 F300 F300 F200 F100
25 m/s,ove
rfl
owi ce,heavy sed
ngi imen
torheavy bed
oad,deepho
l leso
rove
rfl
owsu
rfa
cea
tot
herpos
iti
onand
secondpha
seconc
ree.
t

Pos
iti
ons wh
ich endu
re se
rious co
ld bu
thave ove
rhau
l
cond
itons;
i
(
a) Wa
terl
eve
lchang
ing a
reao
fups
tream su
rfa
ceo
fa
F300 F250 F200 F150 F50
r
gavi
tydaminwint
er;
(b)Ove
rfl
owsur
facesofsp
il
lwayand wa
terou
tle
tswi
th
f
lowve
loc
ityl
es han25 m/s.
st

Thepos
iti
onswh
ichendu
resr
ela
tive
lyse
riousco
ld:
The exposed pos
iti
on on t
he shaded s
ide o
fthe F250 F200 F150 F150 F50
r
gav
itydam

Thepos
iti
onswh
ichs
ligh
tlyendu
reco
ld:
F200 F150 F100 F100 F50
Theexposedpos
iti
onont
hesunnys
ideo
fag
rav
itydam

Unde
rwa
terpa
rto
rin
ter
nalconc
ret
eoft
heg
rav
itydam F50

NOTE1 Theannua
lfr
ost
-thaw cyc
let
imesr
efe
rtot
hea
lte
rna
tiont
imesf
ora
irt
empe
rat
ured
ropp
ingf
rom above
+3 ℃ t
obe
low -3 ℃ a
ndt
henr
isi
ngupt
oabove+3 ℃i
non
eye
ara
ndt
her
ise
-fa
llt
ime
sofp
re-
setdes
ign
wa
terl
eve
lswhenave
rageda
ilya
irt
empe
rat
urei
slowe
rthan -3 ℃i r,wh
noneyea icheve
risg
rea
ter;
NOTE2 Thec
lima
tezon
ings
tanda
r s:
di
Seve
reco
ldr
egi
onr
efe
rst
oar
egi
onwi
tht
hel
owes
tave
ragemon
thl
ytempe
rat
urel
owe
rthano
requa
lto
-10 ℃ ;
Co
ldr
egi
onr
efe
rst
oar
egi
onwi
tht
hel
owes
tave
ragemon
thl
ytempe
rat
ureh
ighe
rthan -10 ℃ ,bu
tlowe
r
t
hano
requa
lto -3 ℃ ;
Mi
ldr
egi
onr
efe
rst
oar
egi
onwi
tht
hel
owes
tave
ragemon
thl
ytempe
rat
ureh
ighe
rthan -3 ℃.
NOTE3 Thesunnys
ider
efe
rst
othesu
rfa
cewh
ichwi
llno
tbeshadedbyt
hema
ssi
forbu
ild
ingi
fmos
tofdaysi
n
wi
nte
rar
efi
neandt
heave
ragesun
ligh
ttimei
s4h
rs.Ot
he se,i
rwi tsha
llbecons
ide
redt
heshadeds
ide.

h) Accor
dingt
othedu
rab
il
ityr
equ
iremen
tsoft
hedam conc
ree,t
t he wa
ter
-cemen
tra
tioo
fthe
conc
ret
eshou
ldnotbeg
rea
tert
hant
heva
luesl
ist
edi
nTab
le9.

27
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

Tab
le9 Max
imum wate
r-cementr
ati
oofconcr
ete

Damconc
ret
ezon
ing
C
lima
ticr
egi
ons
Ⅰ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ Ⅵ

Seve
reco
ldandco
ldr
egi
ons 0.
55 0.
45 0.
50 0.
50 0.
65 0.
45

Mi
ldr
egi
on 0.
60 0.
50 0.
55 0.
55 0.
65 0.
45

i) I
ftheamb
ien
twa
teri
ser
osve,cemen
i twi
thbe
tte
ran
ti-
eros
ionpe
rformancesha
llbese
lec
ted;
t
hewa
ter
-cemen
tra
tioo
ftheconc
ret
eint
heext
erna
lwa
terl
eve
lchang
inga
reaandt
heunde
r-
wat
erconcr
etemayber educedby0.05compa
red withthati
nTable9.Fo
rt heconcret
einthe
h
igh-
speedflow a
r ,
ea t helow-f
low reg
ime hi
gh-s
trengt
h conc
reteorh i
gh-s
treng
ths i
li
con
powde
rconc
ret
ewi
than
ti-
scou
ringandwea
r-r
esi
stancep
rope
rti
essha
llbeused.

1.
6.4.
5 Ma
ter
ial
soft
hema
son
rydambodysha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
egu
lat
ions.

a) The mason
rystonesha
llbef resh,comple
teandha r
di nt ext
ure wit
houtaspa ll
ingl
ayeror
cr
acks.The mason
rystone shal
lber ough
ly squa
rein shape,basica
lly pa
ral
lelandrough
ly
smoot
hont
heuppe
randl
owe
rsdes,andhaveat
i hicknes
sgr
eat
ert
han200mm wi
thou
tsha
rp
cor
ner
sort
hinedges.

b) Theb
ind
ing ma
ter
ial
sofmason
rybodyi
ncl
udecemen
tmor
tarandconc
ree.Po
t issonr
ati
oμof
t
hema
son
ryb
locksshou
ldbe0.
2to0.
25.

c) Theu
ltima
tecomp
ress
ives
treng
thfcc oft
he ma
son
rys
tones may bese
lec
teda
ccor
dingt
o
Tab
le10.

Tab
le10 Ul
timateax
ialcomp
ress
ivest
rengthofthemasonryb
locks Un
it:MPa

s
atu
rat
edr
ock St
reng
th

Ma
son
ryb
lock comp
res
sive Conc
ret
e Cemen
tmo
rta
r
s
treng
th 15.
0 10.
0 12.
5 10.
0 7.
5 5.
0

≥100 24.
0 18.
8 18.
8 16.
0 13.
2 11.
2

80 22.
0 17.
1 17.
1 14.
8 12.
2 10.
0

60 19.
2 14.
8 14.
8 12.
8 10.
8 8.
8
Ma
son
rys
tone
50 17.
3 13.
2 13.
2 11.
6 10.
0 8.
0

40 14.
6 11.
8 11.
8 10.
0 8.
8 7.
2

30 10.
8 10.
0 10.
0 8.
8 7.
0 6.
4

1.
6.5 Damfoundat
iont
reatmentdes
ign

1.
6.5.
1 Thedamf
ounda
tiont
rea
tmen
tpr
inc
ipl
essha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons:
i
28
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

a) Thef
ounda
tiont
rea
tmen
tschemesha
llbede
termi
nedont
hebas
isofasce
rta
ini
ngt
hegeo
log
ica
l
cond
iti
onso
fdams
iteandana
lys
ingt
her
equ
iremen
tsoft
hedam ont
hef
ounda
tion.Thedam
f
ounda
tiont
rea
tmen
tschemesha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

● Thedamf
ounda
tionha
ssu
ffi
cien
tst
reng
tht
omee
tther
equ
iremen
tsofseepages
tab
il
ity.

● Thedamf
ounda
tionha
ssu
ffi
cien
tin
teg
riy,homogene
t ityandr
igi
dit
yto mee
tthean
ti-
sli
p
s
tab
il
ityr
equ
iremen
tsandr
educet
heunevense
ttl t.
emen

● Thedamf
ounda
tionha
ssu
ffi
cien
tdu
rab
il
ityt
opr
even
tthede
ter
ior
ati
onoft
her
ockp
rope
rty
unde
rthel
ong
-te
rmac
tiono
fwa
ter.

b) Thedamf oundat
iontrea
tmen tdes
igninc
ludest
hedamf oundationexcava
tion,an
ti-
seepageand
dra
inage,conso
lida
tiongrou
ting,trea
tmentofthef
aul
tb reakagezoneandwea kstruc
turalsu
r-
f
ace,andk
ars
tseepagep
reven
tionandt
rea t.
tmen

1.
6.5.
2 Thedamf
ounda
tionexcava
tiondes
ignsha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons.
i

a) Theposi
tionofthefounda
tionsur
facesha
llbedete
rmi
nedthr
ougheconomicandtechn
icalcom-
par
isoni
na cco
rdancewiththerequi
rementsoft
hedams t
ructu
ref
ort hef
oundat
ion,e f
fectof
f
ounda
tionr
ein
for
cemen
ttr
eatmen
tandcons
truc
tiont
echno
logy,cons
truc
tionpe
riodandex-
penses.The excava
tion quan
tit
y may be r
educed t
hrough t
he f
ounda
tion r
ein
for
cemen
t
t
rea
tmen
tmea
sur
esanduppe
rst
ruc
tur
ead
jus
tmen
tmeasu
resont
heba
sisofsa
tis
fyi
ngt
hedam
f
ounda
tions
treng
thands
tab
il
ityr
equ
iremen
ts.

● Whent
hedamhe
igh
ti r50m,i
sove tmaybebu
ilti
nthemi
ddl
ear
eaoft
hes
ligh
tl-wea
y th-
e
redt
omode
rat
el-wea
y the
redbed
rock.

● Whent
hedamhe
igh
tisl han50 m,i
esst tmaybebu
iltont
he mi
ddl
etouppe
rpa
rtoft
he
mode
rat
el-wea
y the
redbed
rock.

● Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othedamsec
tiona
tther
ela
tive
lyh
ighpos
iton,t
i hec
rit
eri
amaybeapp
rop
ri-
a
tel
ylowe
red.

b) Thef
ormo
fthef
ounda
tionsu
rfaceo
fag
rav
itydamsha
llbede
termi
neda
ccor
dingt
othegeo-
l
ogi
calandt
opog
raph
ica
lcond
iti
onsandt
her
equ
iremen
tsofuppe
rst
ruc
tue.The e
r leva
tion
di
ffe
rencebetween upstr
eam and downs
tream oft hefounda
tionsur
faceshou
ld notbet oo
l
ar ,
ge andshou
ldsli
gh t
lyinl
inetotheupstream s
ide.I
fthee l
evat
iondif
fer
enceoffounda
tion
su
rfacei
stool
argeo
rin
linet
othedowns
treams
ide,i
tshou
ldbeexcava
tedi
ntob
igs
tepf
orm
wi
thanob
tuseang
le.

● Theel
evati
ondi
fferencebetweens
tepssha
llbecoor
dinatedwi
ththedimens
ionoft hecon-
cr
etepla
cemen
tb l
ock sandthepos
iti
onofthesub-
joint,andadap
ttothethicknes
so fthe
29
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

dambodyconc
ret
eatt oe.
hedamt Thee
leva
tiond
iff
erenceshou
ldnotexceed5m,andt
he
s
tepshou
ldbeconnec
tedt
oagen
tles
lopewi
thg
rad
ien
tgr
eat
ert 5.
han1∶0.

● Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othepos
iti
on wi
thg
rea
tfounda
tione
leva
tiond
iff
erence,t
hepa
rti
tionoft
he
damsec
tionshou
ldbead
jus
tedornecessa
ryt
rea
tmen
tshou
ldbepe
rformed.

c) Thefounda
tionsurf
aceoft
hebanksl
opedam sec
tionsonbothsidesshal
lbeexcava
tedint
o
st
epswithsuff
ici
entwid
thalongt
hedam ax
i ,
s orothers
truc
tur
almea su
ressha
llbetakent
o
ensu
ret
hel
ate
rals
tab
il
ityo
fthedambody.

d) I
flocalengi
neeri
nggeol
ogica
ldefec
tsi
nthefounda
tion,suchassur
facemud-mingl
edf
ractu
res,
weatheredcapsue,f
l aul
tf r
act
urezone,densejointarea,kar
stfil
li
ng mat
eria
land sha
llow
bu
ried wea
kin
ter
laye
rshou
ldber
emovedi
ncomb
ina
tion wi
tht
hef
ounda
tionexcava
tionor
shou
ldbet
rea
teda
fte
rloca
lexcava
tion.

e) Theb
las
ting me
thodi
nthedamf
ounda
tionexcava
tiondes
ignsha
llbeensu
redt
opr
otec
tthe
damf
ounda
tionr
ock massf
rom be
ing damagedo
rexposedt
oadve
rseconsequences.Co
rre
-
spond
ingp
rot
ect
ivemeasu
ressha
llbet
akenf
ort
her
ockmas
seswh
icha
reeasyt
obewea
the
red
andmud
-tu
rned.

1.
6.5.
3 Theconso
lida
tiong
rou
tingf
ort
hedamf
ounda
tionsha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
i-
s
ions.

a) Thedesignoftheconsol
idat
iongrouti
ngfort
hedamfounda
tionsha
llbedete
rminedaccord
ingto
theeng
ineer
inggeologi
calcondi
tionsoft
hedamfoundat
i ,
on damheightandgr
ou t
ingtes
tdata,
andsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons.
i

1) The consol
ida
tion grou
ting should be per
formed in a ce
rta
inrange upst
ream and
downstreamoft hedamf ounda
tion;whenthefrac
tur
esintherockmassofthedamfoun-
dati
onar
edevelopedandtheg r
out
ingisava
ilab
le,theconso
lida
tiong r
out
ing maybepe
r-
formedwit
hint
heen t
irescopeofthedamfoundat
ion,andtheg rou
tingscopemaybeap-
r
pop
ria
tel
yexpandedbeyondt
hedamf
ounda
tionaccor
dingt
othes
tressandgeo
log
ica
lcon
-
d
iti
onsoft
hedamf
ounda
tion.

2) Theconso
lida
tiong
rou
tingshou
ldbepe
rformedf
ort
hedamf
ounda
tionont
heups
tream
s
ideoft
heimpe
rvi
ouscu
rta
in.

3) Theconsol
idat
ion gr
outi
ngshallberei
nforcedinthef
aul
tfr
act
urezoneort
hea
ffec
ted
zonesonbothsi ,
des orforot
hergeo
logica
ldefecs.
t

4) Af
tert
hek
ars
tcaveandchanne
lint
hef
ounda
tionhavebeenexcava
tedandback
fil
led,t
he
conso
lida
tiong
rou
tingsha
llbeapp
rop
ria
tel
yre
inf
orceda
roundt
hek
ars
tcavesandso
lut
ion
r
goovesi
nthef
ounda
tiona
fte
rcl
ear
ingandback
fil
li
ngaccor
dingt
othek
ars
tdi
str
ibu
tion.
30
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

b) Thepor espac
i ngandrowspacingo fconsol
idat
iongrout
ingholesmaybei ntherangeof3mt o
4 m,orde te
rmi nedth
roughgrout
i ngtest.Theconso
lida
tiongrout
ingdepthshal
lbedetermi
ned
accor
dingtot hedam hei
ghtandt hegeo log
ica
lcondit
ionsaft
erexcavaton,and maybei
i nthe
r
angeof5mt
o8m.

c) Theconsol
ida
tiongrout
inghol
esshou
ldbea r
rangedinquincunxform;withrega
rdtotherel
a-
t
ivel
yex t
ensivefau
ltandfr
actuezones,t
r heho lessha
llbespeci
all
yaranged.Thed
r irect
ionof
t
heg
rou
tingho
lessha
llbede
termi
nedacco
rdi
ngt
otheoccu
rrenceofma
inf
rac
tur
escomb
ined
wi
tht
hecons
truc
tioncond
iti
onssot
hatt
hey maypasst
hroughmor
ecr
acks.

d) Theconso
lida
tiong
rou
tingoft
hedamf
ounda
tioni
ntheups
treama
reao
fthecu
rta
inanda
tthe
pos
iti
onwi
thageo
log
ica
lde
fec
tshou
ldbepe
rfo
rmeda
fte
rthe3 mt
o4 mconc
ret
e we
igh
ted
b
lankethasbeenappl
ied,andtheconsol
ida
tiongrou
tingatothe
rposi
tionsmaybepe rf
ormedi
n
t
hef orm o
faconc r
ete wei
ght
edb lanke
taccord
ingt othegeol
ogi
calcondi
tions;upondemon
-
s
tra
tion,t
heconso
lida
tiong
rou
tinga
lso maybepe
rformed wi
thou
tconc
ret
e we
igh
tedb
lanke
t
orbysea
ling wi
thl
eve
ll
ingconc
ree.
t

e) I
nli
newi
tht
hep
rinc
ipl
eofno
tli
fti
ngt
hef
ounda
tionr
ockmas
sandcove
rconc
ree,t
t heconso
li-
da
tiong
rou
tingp
res
sur
eshou
ldbei
ncr
easedasmuchasposs
ibe.
l

● Whent
her
eisawe
igh
tedb
l t,t
anke hep
ressu
remaybei
nther
angeof0.
4 MPat
o0.
7 MPa
accor
dingt
othet
hicknes
soft
heb
l t.
anke

● Whent
heg r
out
ingissea
led wi
thleve
ll
ingconc
rete,i
tsg
rout
ingpr
essu
reshou
ldbede
ter
-
mi
nedthr
oughgrou
tingt
est
i ,
ng andmaybe0. 2 MPat 4 MPa.
o0.

● Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othebed
rockandso
ftr
ock wi
thdeve
lopedl
ow-
ang
les
truc
tur
alsu
rfce,i
a ts
r
gou
tingp
ressu
resha
llbede
termi
nedt
hroughg
rou
tingt
est.

1.
6.5.
4 Thean
ti-
seepage and d
rai
nage des
ign f
ort
he dam f
ounda
tion sha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
he
f
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons.
i

a) Thedesi
gno fseepagecon
tro
landdra
inageofthedamf ounda
tionsha
llbebasedontheengi
-
nee
ringgeo
logy,hyd r
ogeo
log
ica
lcondi
tionand g
rou
tingtestdataoft hedam f
ounda
tion,i
n
comb
ina
tionwi
tht
her
ese
rvo
irf
unc
tionanddamhe
igh
tandcomp
rehens
ive
lycons
ide
rther
ela
-
t
ionsh
ipbe
tweent
hean
ti-
seepageandt
hed
rai
naget
ode
termi
net
hespec
ifi
cmeasu
res.

b) Thedamf
ounda
tionan
ti-
seepageshou
ldbepe
rfo
rmedbycu
rta
ing
rou
ting.Theimpe
rvi
ouscu
r-
t
ainsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

1) Reducet
heseepageoft
hedamf
ounda
tionanda
roundt
hedamt
opr
even
ttheseepagef
low
f
romadve
rse
lyi
nfl
uenc
ingt
hes
tab
il
ityoft
hedamf
ounda
tionandt
hes
lopesofbo
ths
ides.
31
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

2) Preven
tseepagefa
ilu
reont he weakstr
uctu
ralsur
facesofthedamf oundaton,i
i naf au
lt
fr
actuezone,r
r ockma s
sfr
ac t
urefi
ll
ingsandrockstr
atum wi
thpoorimpe rmeab
il
ity.

3) Lowe
rtheup
lif
tpr
essu
reandseepageo
fthedamf
ounda
tionwi
thi
nthea
llowab
leva
lueun
-
de
rthej
oin
tac
tiono
fthecu
rta
inandt
hedamf
ounda
tiond
ranage.
i

4) Haver
eli
abl
econ
tinu
ityandsu
ffi
cien
timpe
rmeab
il
ityanddu
rab
il
ity.

c) Thecen
tra
lli
neoft
heg
rou
tingcu
rta
inshou
ldbese
tat1/10oft
hedambo
ttom wi
dthf
romt
he
damsu
rface.

d) Thedept
ho fthecurta
ing r
out
ingshouldbedeterminedaccord
ingtot
hehyd rogeo
log
ica
lcond
i-
t
ionsoftherockfoundat
ion,andshal
lcomply wit
ht hef
o l
lowin r
gpovi
sions.

1) Enc
losedcu
rta
in:whenare
liab
lerela
tiveimpermeab
lel
ayerexis
tsbenea
ththedamfounda-
t
ion,andthebur
ialdep
thisrela
tivel
yshalow,t
l heimpe
rviouscurt
ainsha
llbeex
t ended
3mt
o5mi
ntot
hisr
ocks
tra
tum.Thepe
rmeab
ler
ateqofr
ela
tiveimpe
rmeab
lel
aye
rsha
ll
be5Lu.

2) Suspendedcu
rta
in:whent
hebu
ria
ldep
thoft
her
ela
tiveimpe
rmeab
lel
aye
rbenea
tht
he
damf ounda
tioni
srel
ati
velydeeport
hed i
stribu
tionoftherel
ativeimpermeab
lelaye
risir-
regu
la ,
rt hecurt
aindepthshal
lbedete
rmi nedbys tud
ies wit
hr efe
rencetot heseepage
computa
tion,consi
der
edt heengi
neeri
nggeo
logi
calcondi
tionsandup l
iftpr
essureofthe
dam f
oundati ,
on andi n comb
ina
tion wi
ththe eng
inee
ring expe
ri ,
ence and shou
ld be
se
lec
tedwi
thi
nthescopeof0.
3to0.
7timest
hewa
terhead.

e) Thel
eng
tho
ftheimpe
rvi
ouscu
rta
inext
endedi
ntot
hebanks
lopeandt
hed
irec
tionoft
he
cu
rta
inax
issha
llbede
termi
nedacco
rdi
ngt
otheeng
inee
ringgeo
log
ica
landhyd
rol
ogi
calcond
i-
tons.Thecu
i rta
inshou
ldbeextendedtothere
lat
iveimpermeabl
el aye
rorthein
ter
sect
ionbe-
tweennorma
lrese
rvoi
rleve
landunder
groundwaterl
evel,andshal
lbeconnec
tedwiththecu
r-
t
ainont
her
i rbed.
ve

f) Theimpe
rvi
ouscu
rta
inmaybea
rrangedi
nas
ing
ler
ow.

● Whenitisnecessa
ryt os
trengt
henthean
ti-
seepagecur
tai
nintheareawit
hpoorgeol
ogi
cal
cond
iti ,
ons part
icul
arl
ydevelopedr
ock masscracksorposs
ibl
eseepagedef
orma
ti ,
on the
numbe
rofcu
rta
inr
owsmaybeapp
rop
ria
tel
yinc
reased.

● Whenthecu
rta
inisf
ormed wi
thsever
alrowsofgr
outinghoes,oner
l ow ofho
lessha
llbe
d
ril
ledt
othedesi
gndep
t ,
h andthedepthoft
heremai
ningrowsmaybefr /
om1 2t /
o2 3of
des
igndep
th.

● Thecu
rta
inho
led
ist
ancemaybe1.
5 mt
o3mandt
her
owd
ist
ancemaybes
ligh
tlyl
ess.
32
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

● Theho
lesshou
ldbed
ril
ledt
hrought
hema
inf
rac
tur
eandbedd
ingoft
her
ockmas,andmay
s
becons
truc
teda
sinc
linedho
leswi
th0
°to10
°ang
let
il
tingt
otheups
treams
ide.

g) Thecur
tai
ngrout
ingshal
lbepe r
formedaft
erdam bodyconc
ret
eo fcer
tai
nt hi
cknesshasbeen
pl
acedas we
igh
tedblanket.The g
rout
ingpressu
reshal
lbedetermi
nedt hr
ought t;1.
es 0t o
1.5t
imessta
ticheadinfr
onto
ft hedamshou l
dbeselec
tedinthe1s
tsecti
onofcu
rta
inho
les,
andthent
hep r
essuremaybeinc
r easedg
radua
llyi
nthefol
lowi
ngsectons;i
i nt
hehol
ebot
tom
sec
tion,2t
o3t
imess
tat
icheadi
nfr
onto
fdam maybese
lec
ted;wheng
rou
ting,t
hedambody
conc
ret
eanddamf
ounda
tionr
ockmasssha
llnotbel
ifed.
t

h) I
fthe
rea
ref
ounda
tiong
rou
tingd
rai
nagega
lle
riesi
nthedam body,t
he ma
ind
rai
nageho
lesof
t
hedamf ounda
tionmaybeconstruc
tedonthedownstreamsideoftheimperv
iouscur
taininthe
ga
lle
ry,andthedis
tancebetweenthemai
nd r
ainageho
l eandthecurt
ainho
leo nthefoundat
ion
su
rfaceshou
ldnotbel
esst
han2m.

● Whent
hedamhe
i texceeds30m,1t
gh o2r
owsofaux
il
iar
ydr
ainageho
lesmaybecons
truc
-
t
edonthedownstreamsideoft
he mai
ndr
ainagehol
esifnecessa
ry.Thedi
stancebe
tween
t
hemai
nd r
ainageholesmaybe2mt o3m,andt hedi
stancebe
tweentheauxi
lia
rydr
ainage
ho
lesmaybe3mt
o5m.

● Whenther e
lat
iveimpe
rmeabl
elaye
randt hegent
ledi
pang l
er ockst
rat
umex isti
nthefoun
-
da
ti ,
on thedra
inageho
lessha
llbereasonablyl
aidou
ta cco
rdingt ot
heird
ist
ribut
ion.

i) Whent
hedamhe i
ghtislow,thebedrockcond
itionsaregoodandthel
aye
risweekpe rmeab
le
(
thepe
rmeab
il
itycoef
fic
ien
tislesst
han1×10 mm s t
-5
/ ), hecu
rta
inmaynotbenecessa
ryand
on
lyt
hed
rai
nagei
spr
ovded,bu
i ttheconso
lida
tiong
rou
tingsha
llbepe
rformeda
ttheups
tream
oft
hedamf
ounda
tionsu
rfce.
a

j) Thedep
tho
fthed
rai
nageho
lessha
llbede
termi
neda
ccor
dingt
othedep
tho
fthecu
rta
inandt
he
conso
lida
tiong
rou
tingandt
heeng
inee
ringgeo
logyandhyd
rogeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onso
fthef
ounda
-
t
ion.

1) Thedepthofthe maindra
inageho
lesshou
ldbe0.4to0.6timesthecu
r t
aindep
th,and
shou
ldnotbel
esst han10m;whenaf r
actu
reda
rtes
ianaqu
ife
rordeeppermeab
leareaex
-
i
stsi
nthedamf
ounda
tion,t
he ma
ind
rai
nageho
lessha
llbeext
endedi
ntot
hispos
iti
oni
n
add
iti
ont
ost
reng
then
ingan
ti-
seepagemea
sues.
r

2) Thedep
thoft
heaux
il
iar
ydr
ainageho
lesmaybe6mt
o12m.

k) Whenthehightai
lwate
rlevell
ast
sf oralongtimeorpe
rmeab
il
ityoft
her
ockmas
sisr
ela
tive
ly
r
gea ,
tt heenc
losedimperv
iouscurt
ainshoul
dbeconstr
uct
edatthedamtoe.

l) Thespec
iald
rai
nagef
aci
li
tiesmaybea
rrangedont
hedamf
ounda
tionoft
hebanks
lopedamsec
-
33
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

t
ion;t
hed
rai
naget
unne
lsmaybecons
truc
tedi
nthe ma
ssi
foft
hebanks
lope whennecess
ary
wi
tht
hed
rai
nageho
lesa
lsocons
truc
ted.

m) Whenthewal
lofthedra
inageholeisindangerofco
llapseorthedr
ainageholepassesth
rougha
weaks
truc
tur
alsu
rfaceormud -mingl
edfract
ures,correspond
ingprotec
tive measu
resshal
lbe
imp
lemen
ted.

1.
6.5.5 Tr
eatmen
toff
aul
tfr
act
uredzoneand weaks
truc
tur
alp
lanesha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
e-
qu
iremen
ts.

a) Thef
aul
tfr
act
urezoneexposedi
nthes
copeoft
hedamf
ounda
tioni
sma
inl
ycomposedofha
rd
t
ecton
icr ocks.Whenithasl
itt
lein
fluenceonthest
reng
thandcomp ressi
ondefo
rmationoft
he
f
oundaton,t
i herockmassofthef
aultfrac
tur
ezoneandit
sin
fluencezonesonboths
idesmaybe
approp
ria
t e
lyexcavaed.Whent
t hemai
ncomponentisweakt
ectoni
crockandha
scerta
inin
flu-
enceont hest
rengthandcomp
ress
iondef
orma
tionofthef
ounda
tion,i
tmayber e
inf
orcedwit
h
aconc
ret
epug.Thedep
l thoft
heconc
ret
epl
ug maybe1.
0to1.
5timest
he wi
dthoft
hef
aul
t
f
rac
tur
ezoneorde
termi
nedaccor
dingt
otheca
lcu
lat
ion.Thet
rea
tmen
toft
hel
ong
itud
ina
lfau
lt
f
rac
tur
ezoner
unn
ingups
treamanddowns
treamo
fthedamf
ounda
tionsha
llp
rope
rlyext
endbe
-
yondups
treamanddowns
treamo
fthedamf
ounda
tion.

b) Concre
tedi
splacement,concr
etedeept
ooth wa
ll,conc
reteplugando t
her measures may be
adop
tedfo
rd i
fferen
tburieddept
hsofweakst
ructu
resurfce.An
a ti
-sl
idepi
l ,
es pr
e -
stressedan-
cho
rcab
lesandchemi
calg
rou
ting maya
lsobeadop
tedwhenneces
say.
r

c) The ant
i-seepagetrea
tment met
hodsforka
r stinclude ant
i-seepage cu
rtaingrou
ting,anti
-
seepagewa l ,
l e t ,
c. whi
chshal
lbeselec
tedaccor
d i
ngt ot hes cal ,
e developmen
tl ,
aw fi
ll
ing
propert
ies,permeabi
li
tyandothe
rconditi
onso fthekarst.
Forka
rstcavesorkars
tfissu
reswith
s
tr ongpermeabi
li
ty,thehih-
g pressur
e r
go ut
ingtr
e a
t mentmaybecar
riedoutaf
terthenecess
ary
excava
tionandback
fil
li
ngconcret
eo rse
tti
nggrou
t-b
lock
ingho
les (
wel
ls).
Thegrout
ing ma
teri
-
al
smaybese l
ect
edacco r
dingt
ot hesca
leo ft
hekars
tcavesandfi
ssu
resandf
il
ling ma
ter
ias,
l
suchaspurecements
lurry,cemen
tmor
tar,cementcl
ays l
urry,cementflyashs
lur
ry.I
fneces
-
sary,l
argedi
amete
rbo r
eholesmaybed
ril
ledtopourhigh
-flowfineaggr
egateconc
ree.
t

1.
6.6 S
lopet
reatment

1.
6.6.
1 S
lopet
rea
tmen
tandr
ein
for
cemen
tdes
ignsha
llcon
formt
othef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes,andbe
l
se
lec
teda
fte
reconomi
candt
echn
ica
lcompa
rison.

a) Fa
ctor
ssucha
sthes
lopet
opog
raph
ica
landgeo
log
ica
lcond
itons,cons
i truc
tiont
echno
logyand
t
hed
iff
icu
ltysha
llbecomp
rehens
ive
lycons
ide
red.Ther
ela
tionsh
ipbe
tweenbu
ild
ingands
lope
sha
lla
lsobecons
ide
redf
ors
lopesas
soc
iat
edwi
tht
hebu
ild
ing.

b) I
fmu
lti
plemeasu
resa
rer
equ
iredf
ors
lopet
rea
tmen
tandr
ein
for t,t
cemen het
echn
ica
lfea
tur
es
34
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

andsu
itab
il
ityofea
chmeasu
resha
llbecomp
rehens
ive
lycons
ide
red,soast
oformani
nte
r-r
e-
l
atedcon
tro
landr
ein
for
cemen
tsys
tem.

c) Tr
eatmen
t measu
res sha
ll be p
ref
eren
tia
lly cons
ide
red.Re
inf
orcemen
t measu
res may be
r
pov
idedi
ncaset
het
rea
tmen
tmeasu
rescannotmee
tther
equ
iremen
tsorcannotbeapp
lied.

d) Thedes
ignsha
llbeimp
rovedandr
evi
seda
ccor
dingt
othechangesi
ngeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onsand
s
afe
ty mon
ito
ringi
nfo
rma
tionr
evea
leddu
ringt
hecons
truc
tionpe
riod.

1.
6.6.
2 Fors
lopesr
ela
tedt
onewbu
ild
ings,ont
hep
remi
seo
fmee
tingt
hel
ayou
toft
hebu
ild
ings,
t
hed
irec
tionandshapeofexcava
teds
lopesha
llbede
termi
nedi
nacco
rdancewi
tht
het
opog
raph
ica
l
andgeolog
ica
lfeatu
resandsha
llensureslopestab
il
ity.
Ifthed
irec
tionandshapeoftheexcavat
ed
slopea
reincons
ist
entwitht
hebuil
dinglayout,t
helayouto
fthebui
ldingsshou
ldbead
jus
ted,ifpr
e -
mi
tted.

1.
6.6.3 Oneormo
reoft
hef
oll
owi
ng measu
resmaybeusedi
nthes
lopet
rea
tmen
tandr
ein
for
ce-
ment:

a) de
load
ing,s
lopeexcava
tion,ands
lopecomp
ress
ion;

b) dra
inageandseepagecont
rol.
Dra
inagei
ncl
udest
hein
tercept
ionandd
rai
ninga
tthes
lopesu
rface
andabovetheslopecres
ta swel
lasthesl
opebodydra
ining;

c) sl
opep r
otect
ioni
ncl
udesvar
ioussuppor
tingandstonemasonryprot
ect
ion,ar
tif
ici
alvege
tat
ion
appl
iedforsoi
lsl ,
opes andshot
cret ,
e f
ibreshot
cret ,
e wire meshsho
tcre
t ,
e positi
vefl
exib
le
suppo
rtandgeo
-syn
the
tics,e
tc.
forr
ocks
lopes;

d) s
lopeancho
ragei
ncl
udesancho ods,an
rr ti-
sli
dingp
lugs,e
t ;
c.

e) Ret
aini
ngstruc
turesinc
l udetypesofr
eta
ini
ng wa
lls,s
lide
-res
ist
antp
iles,so
ilna
il
ing,f
lex
ibl
e
pa
ssivesuppor
ting measures,etc.

6.
1.6.
4 A comp
let
e su
rfacei
nte
rcep
tion and d
rai
nage sys
tem shou
ld be se
tupi
nthe s
lope
t
reatmen
tandrei
nfor
cement.I
fthes l
opestab
il
ityi
scl
osel
yr el
atedtother ockorsoi
lma sssa
tur
a-
t
ionandtheg
roundwa t
err
isecausedbythesurf
acewat
erinf
il
traton,an
i t
i-seepagemeasu
resshou
ld
bep
rov
idedbo
thwi
thi
nthes
lopeandnea
rthes
lopea
rea.

1.
6. 6.
5 Whenanchoring measur
esar
etakentore
infor
cet hes
lope,thetechnica
lfeas
ibi
lit
yandeco-
nomicra
tiona
li
tyoft
hef ol
lowingcombi
nati
onofanchori
ngandreta
iningstruc
t u
resshal
lbestud
ied:

a) ancho
rrodandr
eta
ini
ng wa
ll;

b) ancho
rrodands
lide
-res
ist
antp
ile;
35
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

c) ancho
rrodandconc
ret
ela
ttce;
i

d) ancho
rrodandconc
ret
esab.
l

1.
6.6.
6 S
lopet
rea
tmen
tandr
ein
for
cemen
tsha
llt
akeenv
ironmen
talp
rot
ect
ioni
ntoaccoun
tandbe
i
nha
rmony wi
thsu
rround
ingbu
ild
ingsandt
heenv
ir t.
onmen

1.
6.7 Temper
atu
recont
rolanddambodyant
i-cr
ack
ing

1.
6.7.
1 Thet
empe
rat
urecon
tro
lpr
inc
ipl
essha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons.
i

a) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
oamed
iumdam wi
thadamhe
igh
tofmor
ethan30m,t
het
empe
rat
urecon
tro
lde
-
si
gnsha
llbeper
formed,andt
emperat
urecon
trols
tandardsandcrack
-pr
eventionmeasuresshal
l
bepoposed.Wi
r threga
rdtoalow dam,thetemperat
ur econ
tro
landc rack
-p r
even
tiondesign
sha
llbepe
rformedwi
thr
efe
rencet
osimi
lareng
inee
ringexpe
rience.

b) Fort
empe
rat
urecon
tro
ldes
ign,i
tisnecessa
ryt
oco
llec
ttheannua
lave
raget
empe
rat
ureand
amp
liude,mu
t lti
-yea
rmon
thl
yave
rage/t
en-
dayave
raget
empe
rat
ure,amp
lit
udeanddu
rat
ionof
t
empe
rat
ure sudden d
rop and co
rrespond
ing f
requency, r
ive
r wa
tert
empe
rat
ure, dam
f
ounda
tiong
roundt
empe
rat
ure,sun
ligh
tandwa
tert
empe
rat
ureo
fsimi
larr
ese
rvo
irs,e
tc.

c) Fo
rtempe
rat
urecon
tro
ldes
ign,
iti
snecessa
ryt
ost
udyt
hea
llowab
let
empe
rat
ured
iff
erenceof
t
hef
ounda
tion,t
empe
rat
ured
iff
erencebe
tweeni
nsi
deandou
tsi
det
hedamandmax
imumt
em-
pe
rat
urei
nthedam,andpaya
tten
tiont
othei
nsu
lat
iondes
ignf
orco
ldwaveandwi
ntr.
e

d) Theu
ltima
tet
ens
ileva
lueofconc
ret
eint
her
est
rai
nedzoneo
faf
ounda
tion wi
th28
-dayage
sha
llno
tbel
esst 85×10-4 .Fort
han0. hecons
truc
tionqua
li
tyt
obeun
ifo
rmandh
igh,t
hede
-
f
orma
tion modu
luso
fbed
rockandconc
ret
eiss
imi
larandt
he p
lacemen
tbl
ocki
sun
iforml
y
l
paceda
tsho
rti
nte
rva
ls,t
hea
llowab
let
empe
rat
ured
iff
erenceo
fanorma
lconc
ret
efounda
tion
sha
llbede
termi
neda
cco
rdi
ngt
othep
rov
isi
onsi
nTab
le11.

Tab
le11 Al
lowab
letemper
atur
edi
ffe
renceΔT ofthe
concr
etei
nther
est
rai
nedzoneofthenorma
lconcr
etefoundat
ion

Longs
idel
eng
tho
fpl
acemen
tbock (
l l)
He
igh
ttof
ounda
tion
40 mt
oen
tir
e
su
rfce (
a h) Les
sthan17 m 17 m~21 m 21 m~30 m 30 m~40 m
b
lock

0~0.
21 26~24 24~22 22~19 19~16 16~14

0.
21~0.
41 28~26 26~25 25~22 22~19 19~17

e) Fort
heexposedsu
rfaceofconc
ret
elesst
han28
-dayage,i
nsu
lat
ion measu
ressha
llbet
aken;
f
ort
heimpo
rtan
tpos
iti
onsl
iket
heh
igh
ly-
res
tra
inedzoneoft
hef
ounda
tionandups
treamsu
r-
36
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

ace,t
f hesu
rfacesha
llbes
tri
ctl
ypr
otec
ted.
Fort
hef
ounda
tionconc
ree,ups
t treamsu
rfaceand
ot
herimpo
rtan
t pos
iti
ons exposed f
or al
ong pe
riod,i
nsu
lat
ion mea
sur
es sha
lla
lso be
cons
ide
redf
ort
heexposedconc
ret
esu
rfacea
ftr28days.
e

f) I
nthecons
truc
tion p
r s,t
oces hedam b
lockssha
llr
iseeven
lya
sfa
ras pos
sib
le,t
hehe
igh
t
d
iff
erencebe
tweenad
jacen
tdamb
locksshou
ldno
texceed10mt
o12mandt
hep
lac
ingi
nte
rva
l
be
tweenad
jacen
tdamb
lock
sshou
ldbel
es han30days.
st

1.
6.7.
2 Fort
empe
rat
urecon
trl,t
o hef
oll
owi
ng measu
resmaybet
aken.

a) Accor
dingt
othean
ti-
crack
ingr
equ
iremen
ts,t
hes
treng
thg
radeoft
heconc
ret
eatt
hedambody
f
ounda
tionpos
iti
onshou
ldnotbel
owe
rthanC9020,andt
hes
treng
thg
radeo
fconc
ret
eint
he
dambodysha
llno
tbel
owe
rthanC9010.Fo
rtheups
tream su
rface,t
hes
treng
thg
radeo
fcon
-
c
ret
esha
llbecomp
rehens
ive
lyde
termi
nedaccor
dingt
othean
tiseepage,an
- ti-
cra
cki
ngandf
ros
t
r
esi
stancer
equ
iremen
tsandcons
truc
tioncond
itons.
i

b) I
tisnecess
aryt
orea
sonab
lya
rranget
heconc
ret
econs
truc
tionp
rocedu
resandp
lac
ingquan
tit
y
a
llyea
rround.
Iti
sadv
isab
let
opou
rtheconc
ret
eint
hef
ounda
tioncon
fineda
readu
ringt
hel
ow
t
empe
rat
ureseason,andt
opou
rtheconc
ret
eatn
igh
tint
heh
ight
empe
rat
ureseason,anddam
conc
ret
epou
ringi
naseve
reco
lda
reashou
ldbeavo
idedi
nwi
ntr.
e

c) I
nthep
remi
seo
fnoti
nfl
uenc
ingt
heconc
ret
est
reng
thanddu
rab
il
ity,t
hef
oll
owi
ng measu
res
sha
llbet
akent
oreducet
hehea
tva
lue:

1) use mi
cro
-expand
ingcemen
t wi
thr
ela
tive
lyl
ow-
hea
tva
lueorr
ela
tive
lyh
igh magnes
ium
ox
ide;

2) p
lacel
ow-
slumpconc
ret
eorha
rdconc
ree;
t

3) adde
ffi
cien
tadd
itve;
i

4) t
ake comp
rehens
ive measu
res l
ike imp
rov
ing t
he conc
ret
egr
adi
ng and add
ing t
he
admi
xtu
re.

d) Thef
oll
owi
ngmea
sur
esmaybet
akent
olowe
rthemax
imumt
empe
rat
ureo
ftheconc
ret
eandt
o
mee
tthej
oin
tgr
out
ingr
equ
iremen
ts.

1) Con
tro
ltheconc
ret
eli
ftt
hi s.
cknes I r,r
nsumme educet
heconc
ret
eli
ftt
hicknessbu
tthe
t
hicknessshou
ldnotbel
esst 0 m;ensu
han1. ret
henorma
lin
ter
valandi
tispe
rmi
ttedt
o
wa
tero
rsp
rayt
hesu
rfaceoft
heconc
ree.
t
37
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

2) Reducet
het
empe
rat
ureoft
heconc
ret
edu
ringcons
truc
tion.
Spr
ay wa
teront
hecoa
rseag
-
grega
tep
ile,spr
ay mit,i
s ncreaseaggregat
ep il
ehe i
ght,take ma
ter
ialf
rom the g
round
r
idge,mixwiththecool
ing water,addice when mi
xingtheconcr
eteandst
ric
tlycontro
l
t
het
ranspor
tat
iont
imeo
ftheconc
ret
eandt
heexposu
redu
rat
ionbe
for
ecove
ringt
hecon
-
c
ret
eli
ft.

3) Bu
ryt
hecoo
ling wa
terp
ipei
nthedam bodyandt
hesupp
ly wa
terf
orcoo
ling.Whent
he
wa
teri
ssupp
lied,t
het
empe
rat
ured
iff
erencebe
tweent
hedambodyconc
ret
eandt
hecoo
l-
ing wa
tershoul
dno texceed25 ℃ andt
het
empe
rat
ured
ropspeedoft
hedambodyshou
ld
notbeg r
eaterthan1 ℃/d.

6.
2 Ar
chDam

2.
6.1 Ma
indes
ignofa
rchdam

2.
6. 1.
1 I
n add
iti
ont
o mee
ting t
her
equ
iremen
tsi
n 6.
1.1,t
he a
rch dam des
ign sha
lla
ttach
impo
rtancet
otheshapese
lec
tiono
fthea
rchdam,geo
log
ica
landhyd
rogeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onsoft
he
a
rchbaseoft
hedams
ite.

2.
6.1.
2 Ar
cdamsa
rec
las
sif
iedi
ntot
hina
rchdam (
thi
cknes
s-he
igh
tra
tiol
esst 2),med
han0. ium
a
rchdam (
thi
ckness
-he
igh
tra
tiol
esst
han0.
2t 35),andt
o0. hicka
rchdam (
thi
cknes
s-he
igh
tra
tio
r
gea
tert 35).Dam s
han0. truc
tur
ali
ssuescausedbyf
loodd
ischa
rgesha
llbes
tud
iedf
ort
hina
rch
dams.

2.
6. 1.
3 Fac
il
it
iest
oreduceoremp
tyr
ese
rvo
ir wa
tersha
llbecons
ide
redf
ora
rchdams.An
ti-
se
ismi
cdes
igni
srequ
iredf
ora
rchdamsi
nse
ismi
car
eas.

2.
6.2 Dambodyst
ructur
e

2.
6.2.
1 Ar
rangemen
toft
hea
rchdamc
res
tsha
llmee
tther
equ
iremen
tsi 1.
n6.2. 1.
1and6.2.
2.

2.
6.2.
2 F
loodd
ischa
rgeove
rthedamc
res
tandt
hrought
hedambodyopen
ingssha
llbeused.The
damc
res
tdi
scha
rgemodeshou
ldbep
ref
eren
tia
llyused.Open
ingst
hrought
hedam bodyshou
ldbe
l
pacedawayf
romt
heh
igh
lys
tres
sedzoneandt
hef
ounda
tions
tressr
est
rai
ntzone.

2.
6.2.
3 Whent
hef
loodi
sdi
scha
rgedt
hrought
hea
rchdam body,t
hef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
tssha
ll
t.
beme

a) Thed
ischa
rgedf
lowsha
llr
etu
rnt
othechanne
lsmoot
hly,asu
ffi
cien
tsa
fed
ist
ancesha
llbekep
t
be
tweent
he d
ischa
rged f
low and t oe,su
he dam t ffi
cien
t wa
ter cush
ion dep
th sha
ll be
ma
int
ainedont
hedowns
treams
ide,andt
hedambody,s
tab
il
ityofma
ssi
fonbo
ths
idesandop
-
38
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

e
rat
iona
lsa
fet
yofo
the
rst
ruc
tur
essha
llnotbet
hrea
tened.

b) Whent
heamoun
toff
loodd
ischa
rgei
sla
rge,t
hel
ong
itud
ina
lex
tens
ionort
ransve
rsed
iff
usi
on
oft
hed
ropp
ingpo
int
sort
heco
ll
idi
ngene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionshou
ldber
esea
rched.

c) At
ten
tionsha
llbepa
idt
otheadve
rsei
nfl
uenceoff
loodd
ischa
rgea
tomi
zat
ionont
hedown
-
s
tream mass
ifonbo
ths
ides,e
lec
tri
calequ
ipmen
tand mob
il
ity;andt
hecor
respond
ingp
rot
ec-
t
ivemeasu
ressha
llbet
akenwhennecessa
ry.

d) Whent
hef
loodi
sdi
scha
rgedt
hroughanopen
ingi
nthedambody,t
het
rashp
reven
tionandd
is-
cha
rgemeasu
resshou
ldbei
nst
aled.
l

2.
6.3 Ar
chdamshapedes
ign

2.
6.3.
1 These
lec
tionoft
hea
rchdamshapesha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thea
rchdamshapesha
llbese
lec
tedi
nacco
rdance wi
tht
heva
lleyshape (
aspec
tra
tio)a
tthe
dams
ite,geo
log
ica
lcond
itons,abu
i tmen
tst
abi
li
ty,dam bodys
tress,f
loodd
ischa
rgel
ayou
t
andcons
truc
tioncond
itons.
i

b) Whense
lec
tingt
hea
rchdamshapeaccor
dingt
otheva
lleyshapea
tthedams
ite,t
hef
oll
owi
ng
r
pov
isi
onssha
l t.
lbeme

1) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
oaV-
shapeva
lley,adoub
le-
cur
vat
urea
rchdam maybese
lec
ted.

2) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
oaU-
shapeva
lley,as
ing
le-
curva
tur
ear
chdamordoub
le-
curva
tur
ear
chdam
maybese
lec
ted.

3) Whent
hesymme
tryoft
her
ive
rva
lleya
tthedams
itei
sre
lat
ive
lypoor,t
heho
rizon
tala
rch
oft
hedambody maybedes
ignedi
ntoanasymme
tri
cach.
r

4) Whent
heshapeo
fther
ive
rva
lleyi
sir
regu
larort
her
eisl
oca
ldeepg
roovei
nther
i rbed,
ve
i
tshou
ldbedes
ignedi
ntoana
rchdam wi
thacush
ionabu t.
tmen

c) Whent
hegeo
log
ica
landt
opog
raph
ica
lcond
iti
onsa
reun
favou
rab
le,t
hea
rchdamshapesha
llbe
se
lec
tedi
naccor
dancewi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

1) Acu
rva
tur
e-chang
inga
rchdam wi
tht
abu
lara
rchr
ingsa
tbo
thendsandt
hrus
tatsp
ringe
r
t
il
tingt
othedeepsec
tiono
fma
ssi
fmaybeadop
ted.

2) Ana
rchdam wi
thva
riab
le-
thi
cknes
sar
cht
hicken
ingt
owa
rdt
hesp
ringe
rgr
adua
llyo
rwi
th
39
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

cush
ionabu
tmen
tmaybeadop
ted.

3) Whent
heuppe
rbed
rocksonbot
hbanksoft
hedams
itea
rer
ela
tive
lypoorort
het
err
aini
s
r
ela
tive
l de,t
y wi he g
rav
it i
yperort
hrus
tbl
ock may be des
ignedt
o connec
t wi
tht
he
a
rchdam.

d) Thedes
ignoft
hea
rchdamshapesha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

1) A va
riab
le-
thi
cknessandcu
rva
tur
e-chang
inga
rch wi
th gen
tlechangei
ndam bodys
tress
sha
llbeadop
tedwhenneces
sar
ytomee
ttheca
lcu
lat
ionr
equ
iremen
tso hedambody.
ft

2) Themax
imumcen
tra
lang
leo
ftheho
rizon
tala
rchr
ing maybei
nther
angeof75
°t °,
o110
andt
hei
nte
rsec
tionang
lebe
tweent
het
angen
tli
neofi
ntr
adosa
tthesp
ringe
randt
hecon
-
t
ourl
ineo
ftheava
ilab
ler
ocksu
rfa
cesha
llnotbel
esst °.
han30

3) Theve
rti
calcan
til
eve
rsec
tionsha
llber
easonab
lydes
igned,andt
heove
rhangdeg
reeofde
-
s
ignedups
treamsu
rfaceofdes
ignedcan
til
eve
rshou
ldnotbeg
rea
tert
han0.
3∶1.
Unde
rthe
pr
emi seofs
atisf
yingthedeadwe ightt
ensi
lestr
esscon
tro
ls tanda
rdandthelayoutofdam
or
ifces,t
i he g
reateroverhang degr
eeo fdes
igneddownstr
eam su r
face may besel
ect
ed
(
hor
izon
talt
ove
rti
cal).

e) Accor
dingt
othedambodys
tr s,abu
es tmen
tst
abi
li
tyandspec
ifi
ceng
inee
ringcond
itons,cu
i r-
va
tur
e-chang
inga
rchf
ormsi
ncl
udi
ngpa
rabo
la,e
ll
ipse,hype
rbo
la,mu
lti
-cen
tredc
irc
leandl
oga
-
r
ithmi
csp
ira
lmaybeadop
ted.

2.
6.3.
2 Theshapedes
igno
far
chdamshou
ldf
oll
owt
hef
oll
owi
ngs
teps.

a) I
tisnecess
aryt
ofi
rstde
finet
hecu
rvi
li
nea
requa
tionoft
hea
rchdamax
is,i
tscen
tra
lang
leand
i
tscor
respond
ingcoo
rdi
nat
epos
iton.Whent
i hedamax
isi
sac
ircu
lara
rc,t
hec
irc
lecen
trepo-
s
iton,r
i adi
uso
fdamax
isandsemi
-cen
tra
lang
leshou
ldbede
termi
nedf
irt.
s

b) Theshapedes
igno
far
chdamesha
llf
irs
tde
termi
net
hec
rowncan
til r,ho
eve r
izon
tala
rchr
ing
andp
rel
imi
nar
yachdamshape,andt
r henca
rryou
ttheshapeop
timi
zat
iondes
ign.

c) Thepos
iti
onoft
hec
rowncan
til
eve
rshou
ldbea
tthel
owes
tpo
intoft
heava
ilab
lebed
rocksec
-
t
ionl
ineo
fther
ive
rva
lley;whent
hebot
tom o
fther
ive
rva
lleyi
sre
lat
ive
lyf
lat,i
tmaybea
t
t
hecen
tra
lpos
iti
ono
ftheva
lley.
Thedes
ignoft
hec
rowncan
til
eve
rsec
tioni
ncl
udest
hec
rown
andbot
tomt
hi s,ups
cknes treamsu
rfacecu
rveanddowns
treamsu
rfa rve.
cecu

● Thet
opa
rcht
hicknessi
sthes
amea
sthedam c
res
tth
ickness,andshou
ldbeg
rea
tert
han
0 m;t
3. hebo
ttomt
hicknes
smaybep
rel
imi
nar
ilyde
finedi
naccor
dancewi
tht
heexpe
rience
40
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

andt
henf
urt
herad
jus
teda
cco
rdi
ngt
othes
tressana
lys
isr
esu
lts.

● Theups
treamcu
rveo
fadoub
le-
curva
tur
ear
chdam maybese
lec
tedasc
ircu
lara
rcorcomb
i-
na
tionofc
ircu
lara
rc,quad
rat
iccu
rve,cub
iccu
rveandot
herk
indso
fcu
rves;t
heups
tream
cu
rveofas
ing
le-
cur
vat
urea
rchdam maybese
lec
teda
sas
tra
igh
tli
neoraf
oldedl
ine.

● Whent
heups
treamanddowns
treamsu
rfacesa
r rves,t
ecu hedamsu
rfa
cesha
llbesmoot
h
andcon
tinuoust
oob
tai
nbe
tte
rst
res
sdi
str
ibu
tioncond
itons.
i

d) Thee
leva
tionofho
rizon
tala
rchr
ingssha
llbede
termi
nedf
irs
tandt
hequan
tit
yofa
rchr
ingsmay
be5t
o10.
Thea
rchr
ingt
ypesmayi
ncl
udeho
lo-
cen
tri
cci
rcu
lara
rch,mu
lti
-cen
trec
ircu
lara
rch,
e
ll
ipt
ica
rch,pa
rabo
lica
rchandl
ogsp
irl;t
a hecu
rva
tur
eshou
ldbeg
radua
llydec
reasedf
romt
he
c
rownt
othesp
ri r.
nge Thehor
izon
tala
rchr
ing maybeadd
ressedwi
tht
hecen
tre
lineoft
hea
rch
r
ingandt
hef
unc
tionoft
hea
rcht
hickness;t
hecen
tre
lineoft
hea
rchr
ingmaybeadd
ressedwi
th
t
heequa
tiono
fthecu
rva
tur
erad
iuswi
tht
hecen
tra
lang
least
hei
ndependen
tva
riab
le.

e) Thei
nit
ialshapeo
fthea
rchdam maybeob
tai
nedbyde
termi
ningt
hec
rowncan
til
eve
randhor
i-
zon
tala
rchr
ing.Ther
ati
ona
li
tyofa
rchdamshapemaybei
nspec
tedwi
tht
henume
rica
lana
lys
is
me
thod,andt
heapp
rop
ria
teshapeshou
ldbeob
tai
nedbyseve
rali
ter
ati
onsandop
timi
zat
ion.
Thes
tres
sdi
str
ibu
tiono
fthea
rchdamandt
heac
tingf
orcea
tthesp
ringe
rsha
llbeca
lcu
lat
edby
t
hea
rch
-can
til
eve
r me
thod,and t
he an
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tyoft
he a
rch dam abu
tmen
t sha
llbe
r
evi
ewedbyt
her
igi
dbodyl
imi
tequ
il
ibr
ium me
thod.

f) Theop
timi
zat
iondes
ignoft
hea
rchdamshapei
smean
ttoa
rrangeseve
ralcons
tra
intcond
iti
ons
f
irs
tandt
orega
rdt
hevo
lumeo
fthea
rchdam ast
heop
timi
zedob
jec
tivef
unc
tion;t
hecon
-
s
tra
intf
unc
tionsi
ncl
ude geome
tri
ccons
tra
int,s
tresscons
tra
intands
tab
il
ity cons
tra
int;and
t
hent
hea
rchdam shapeshou
ldbeso
lvedbyt
he ma
thema
tica
lpr
ogr
ammi
ng app
roach.The
s
truc
tur
als
tres
sana
lys
isshou
ldpe
rfo
rmedwi
tht
hea
rch
-can
til
eve
rme
thod.

2.
6.4 St
ressandstab
ili
tyana
lys
is

2.
6.4.
1 Thel
oadandl
oadcomb
ina
tiona
cti
ngont
hea
rchdamsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thel
oadsac
tingont
hea
rchdami
ncude:dead we
l igh
to hedambody,hyd
ft ros
tat
icp
ressu
re,
up
lif
tp r
es sue,sed
r imen
tp ressu
re, wave p
ressu
re,ice p
ressu
re,hyd
rodynami
cpr
essu
re,
ea
rthquakeload,t
emperat
ureloadandothe
rpossib
l oads.
el

b) Ar
chdam des
ignl
oadcomb
ina
tion maybed
ivi
dedi
ntot
hebas
iccomb
ina
tionandt
hespec
ial
comb
ina
tion,a
cco
rdi
ngt
othep
rov
isi
onso
fTab
le12.

41
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

Tab
le12 Comb
inat
ionforact
ionef
fects

Loadca
tego
ry

Tempe
rat
urel
oad

Hyd
Loadcomb

Hyd

Sed

r
Up

odynami
Wavep
r

Se
Deadwe

imen
Des

Des
os

empe

cep
empe

li

i
f
t
Ma
incons
ide
rat
ion

smi
tp
a

i
t

gnedno

gnedno

r
tp
i
i

es
r
cp

r
r

cl
na

es

es
a

cp
t

su
r
t
i
t

oad
es
r

u
gh

su
i

su
r
es

r
r
on

r
ed

e
su
er

es
t

r
su

rma

rma

e
r

su
i

e
r

se

op
e

r
l

e
1.No
rma
lrese
rvo
irl
eve
l √ √ √ — √ √ √ √ — —
Ba

2.No
rma
lrese
rvo
irl
eve
l √ √ — √ √ √ √ — — —
siccomb

3.Des
ignedf
loodl
eve
l √ √ — √ √ √ √ — — —

4.Dead wa
terl l(
eve o
rthel
owes
tope
rat
ing wa
ter
ina

√ √ — √ √ √ √ — — —
l)
t

l
eve
ion

5.Ot
hercommonadve
rsel
oadcomb
ina
tions

1.Checkedf
loods
itua
tion √ √ — √ √ √ √ — √ —

1)Ba
siccomb
ina
tion1 + se
ismi
c
√ √ √ — √ √ √ √ — √
l
oad

2.
Ear
thqua
ke 2)Ba
siccomb
ina
tion2 + se
ismi
c
√ √ — √ √ √ √ — — √
s
itua
tion l
oad
Spec

3) Commonl
ow wa
terl
eve
l+
√ √ — √ √ √ √ — — √
i

se
ismi
cload
alcomb

1)Nog
rou
ting √ — — — — — — — — —
ina

2) Cons
truc
tion f
lood occu
rred
t

√ √ — — — — — — — —
ion

3.Con
str
uct
ion wi
thou
tgr
out
ing
pe
riod 3)Gr
out
ing √ — √ √ — — — — — —

4) Cons
truc
tion f
lood occu
rred
√ √ — √ — — — — — —
wi
thou
tgr
out
ing

4.Ot
herr
areadve
rsel
oadcomb
ina
tion

NOTE1 I
ntheabovel
oadcomb
ina
tions,con
tro
lledl
oadcomb
ina
tionscanbese
lec
tedf
orca
lcu
lat
iona
cco
rdi
ngt
o
t
hea
ctua
lsi
tua
tiono
fthep
roec
j t.
NOTE2 I
nar
easwi
thf
requen
tea
rt kes,mea
hqua sur
esshou
ldbet
akent
ocl
oset
hea
rchi
ntimewhent
hecons
truc
-
t
ionperi
odislonger.Whennecessa
ry,t
hesei
smi cl
oadisconside
redint
heloadcombina
tion.
NOTE3 Cons
truc
tioncondi
tions3)g
routng,sha
i llbenecess
aryaccount
ing,asaspec
ialcombi
nat
ion.

6.
2.4.
2 I nthea
rchdamstressanal
ysis,atleas
tpa r
toral
lofthef
oll
owi
ngconten
tsmaybecalcu
lat
-
edaccor
dingtothepro
jec
ts cal
et, hespeci
ficsit
uationoft
hedamandvar
iousdesi
gnst
ages:

a) t
hes
tres
sdi
str
ibu
tiononva
riousca
lcu
lat
ionsec
tions (
inc
lud
ingt
hea
rchabu t,a
tmen rchc
rown

42
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

ando
the
rpos
iti
onswi
ths
tresst
obeca
lcu
laed);
t

b) t
he pr
inc
ipa
lst
ress o
fups
tream/downs
tream su
rfaces o
fdam body on va
riousca
lcu
lat
ion
poin
ts;

c) t
hel
oca
lst
ressoft
heweakpos
itons (
i cave
rnsandd
rai
nagep
ipe
lines)o hedambody;
ft

d) t
hei
nne
rst
resso
fthedamf
ounda
tion (
par
ticu
lar
lyt
heweaki
nte
rca
lat
edl
aye
randf
aut)shou
l ld
beana
lysedwhenneces
say.
r

2.
6. 4.
3 Inthearchdams t
res
sana
lys
is,t
hef
oll
owi
ngi
ssuessha
llbes
tud
ieda
ccor
dingt
othe
irim-
por
tanceandnecess
ity:

a) t
hei
nfl
uenceofd
iff
eren
tshapesandl
ayou
tsont
hedambodys
tressd
ist
ribu
tion;

b) t
hei
nfl
uenceoff
ounda
tionde
forma
tionont
hedambodys
tress;

c) t
hei
nfl
uenceofb
igcave
rnsi
nthedambodyont
hedambodys
tr s;
es

d) thei
nfl
uenceofstagedimpound
ing,s
tagedcons
truc
tionandcons
truc
tion p
rocedu
resont
he
dambodystr
ess;

e) t
hei
nfl
uenceofthea
rch-
join
tsea
lingt
empera
tureonthedambodyst
ress;thea
rch
-jo
intsea
ling
t
emper
atur
ethatisf
avourabl
efordambodystr
essshal
lbese
lect
edfir
st;

f) t
hei
nfl
uenceofconc
ret
ecr
eepont
hedambodys
tress;

g) bef
oregrout
ingtr
ansver
sejoi
ntsi
nthedambody,t
hedambodys
tressands
tab
il
ityaga
ins
tthe
overt
urn
ingoftheind
ivi
dua
ldamsecti
onsha
llbever
ifed;
i

h) t
hei
nfl
uenceont
hedambodys
tres
sift
heg
rav
ityabu t,t
tmen hrus
tbl
ockorpe
riphe
ralj
oin
tar
e
se
tfo
rana
rchdam.

2.
6.4.
4 Thea
rchdams
tressana
lys
issha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thear
chdam witharela
tive
lycomplexsi
tua
tion (
suchasbi
gcaver
nsinthearchdamorcompl
i-
cat
edfounda
tioncond
itons),t
i hef
init
eelementme t
hodshal
lal
sobeadoptedforana
lys
isi
nad-
d
iti
ont
otheca
lcu
lat
ionwi
tht
hea
rch
-can
til
eve
rme
thod.

b) Whent hestressana
lys
iso farch
-can
tileve
riscar
riedout,thearch
-can
til
everg r
idsyst
emsha l
l
bereasonab
lylaidouta ccor
dingtot hetopog
raphica
land geo
logi
calcondi
tions,andthe g
rid
shou
ldbedens
ifi
eda
tthepos
iti
onwi
thr
ela
tive
lyl
arges
tressg
rad
i tchanges.
en
43
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

c) Whent hefi
niteelemen
tme thodisusedf
orstres
sanal
ysis,thefoundat
ioncalcu
lat
ionscope
sha
llnotbelesst
han1.5timesthedamhei
ght,andthes
tresscal
cul
ationresu
ltsha
llbesubec
j -
t
edtoequ
ival
entt
r ea
tment.
Thedi
vis
ionoftheuni
tsha
llmee tthep
reci
sionrequi
redbythede
-
s
ign;t
hetypeoftheuni
tshal
lberea
sonab
lysel
ectedaccor
dingtotheshapeo ftheachdam;
r
t
heca
lcu
lat
ionsha
llbec
loset
otheac
tua
lsi
tua
tion;andt
hecons
truc
tionp
roces
ssha
llbecon
-
s
ide
redf
ort
heca
lcu
lat
iono
fdeadwe
igh
to hedambody.
ft

2.
6.4.
5 Thecon
tro
lind
icessha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons.
i

a) Thep
rinc
ipa
lcomp
res
sives
tres
sandp
rinc
ipa
ltens
iles
tres
soft
hedambodysha
llmee
tthef
ol-
l
owi
ngp
rov
isi
onswhenca
lcu
lat
edbyt
hea
rch
-can
til
eve
rme
thod.

1) Al
lowab
lecomp
ressi
vestr
ess:theal
lowab
lecompress
ivestr
essoft heconc
rete maybe
de
termi
nedbyd
ivi
dingt
hes t
anda
rdval
ueofconc
ret
estreng
th(theu
ltimateax
ialcompres
-
si
ves t
reng
th va
lueof mason
ry body)byt
hesaf
etyfac
tor.Conc
retestr
engthstanda
rd
valuemayhavethes
treng
tho f150mmcubewi
th90daysofage,andthegua
rant
eedr a
te
is80%.Fort
heba s
icl
oadcombi
nat
ion,thesaf
etyfac
torsha
llbe3.5;fort
hespec
iall
oad
combi
nat
ionunde
rnon-se
ismi
ccond
itons,t
i hesaf
etyfac
torsha
llbe3.0.

2) Al
lowab
let
ens
iles
tr s:unde
es rthe p
remi
seofkeep
ingt
heabu
tmen
tst
abe,t
l heac
tion
scopeandval
uefort
het ens
ilestr
essofthedam body maybereducedbyadjus
tingthe
shapeofthedam.
Forthebasicl
oadcombi
nati ,
on thetensi
les
tresssha
llnotbemorethan
2 MPa;f
1. ort
hespec
iall
oadcomb
ina
tionunde
rnon
-se
ismi
ccond
itons,t
i het
ens
iles
tress
sha
llno
tbemor
et 5 MPa.
han1.

b) Whenca
lcu
lat
ing wi
tht
hef
ini
tee
lemen
tme
thod,t
hef
ini
tee
lemen
tequ
iva
len
tst
resssha
lla
lso
beca
lcu
laed.Thep
t rinc
ipa
ltens
iles
tres
sandp
rinc
ipa
lcomp
res
sives
tressoft
hedambodyob
-
t
ainedi
nacco
rdancewi
thf
ini
tee
lemen
tequ
iva
len
tst
resssha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
i-
s
ionsf
ort
hes
tres
scon
tro
lindex.

1) Al
lowab
lecomp
ress
ives
tr s:i
es tsha
llbesub
jec
ttot
hep
rov
isi
ono 2.
f6.4.
5iema).
t

2) Al
lowab
letens
iles
tress:wit
hr ega
rdtot
hebas
icloadcombina
tion,thetens
iles
tresssha
ll
no
tbe mor
et han1.5 MPa;wit
hr ega
rdtot
hespecia
lloadcombina
tionundernon-se
ismic
cond
itons,t
i het
ens
iles
tres
ssha
llnotbemor
et 0 MPa.
han2.

c) I
nthea
rchdams
tressana
lys
is,t
hedambodys
tressands
tab
il
ityaga
ins
tove
rtu
rni
ngdu
ringt
he
const
ruc
tionperi
odshalla
lsobeve r
ifi
edi
nadd i
tiontot
heope
rat
ingperod.
i Bef
oregrou
tingthe
seamsoft ,
hedam body the max
imumt ens
ilestres
softhedam bodysha
llnotbe morethan
5 MPa,andt
0. hepo
into
fresu
ltan
tfo
rcesha
llbe wi
thi
nthes f2/3i
copeo nthe mi
ddl
eoft
he
dambodyt
hicknes
sunde
rthes
ing
leac
tionofdam bodydead we
i t.Whent
gh hedam bodyen
-
coun
ter
sacons
truc
tionf
lood be
for
ethet
ransve
rsej
oin
tsa
reg
rou
ted,t
hes
tab
il
ity aga
ins
t
ove
rtu
rni
ngsa
fet
yfac
torf
ort
hedambodysha
llnotbel
esst 2.
han1.
44
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

d) Whent
hesei
smicloadistakenint t,t
oaccoun hecomp
ress
ivesa
fet
ycoe
ffi
cien
toft
hedamcon
-
c
ret
ei 1,andt
s4. het ens
ilesaf
etyfa
ctori 4.
s2.

2.
6.4.
6 Thea
rchdams
tab
il
ityana
lys
issha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) Wheneva
luat
ingt
hes
tab
il
ityoft
heabu
tmen
tsonbot
hsdes,t
i hef
oll
owi
ngbas
icwor
ksha
llbe
ca
rri
edou
t :

1) checkouttheeng
inee
ringgeo
log
ica
landhyd
ro-
geo
log
icp
rospec
tingda
taf
ort
her
ockmass
onbo t
hsides;

2) comprehendthetestcondi
tionsforthe physi
caland mechan
ica
lp r
oper
tiesofther ock,
s
truc
turalsu
rfaceandf
il
ler,studythetes
tr esul
ts,se
lectandusethedesi
gndatareasona-
b
ly;

3) de
termi
net
heva
riousf
orcesac
tingont
heabu t;
tmen

4) adop
tther
easonab
les
tab
il
ityana
lys
isme
thod.

b) Whenstudy
ingt
heabutmen
tst
abil
ity,i
tisnecessa
rytocomprehensive
lyanalysethei
nfl
uence
fact
orssuchasthel
ayoutofthedam (inc
lud
ingt hedam ax
is,p l
anel t,a
ayou r
chabutment
s
truc
tue,shapeandf
r loodr
elea
se me
thod),dam bodys
tr s,f
es ounda
tiont
rea
tmen
tandcon
-
s
truc
tionme
thod.

c) Withregar
dtothegeo
logica
lda t
aforthearchdamstabi
lit
yanalys
is,i
naddit
iont
other ou
tine
exp
lor
a t
ion,i
tisa
lsonecessar
yt oasce
rta
intheoccu
rrence (
inc
ludi
ngdir
ect
ivi
tyofd
iscont
inu-
ous f
rac
tur
ein g
roups), unevenness, i
ntens
ive deg
ree, connec
tiv
ityr
ate, f
il
ler and
d
iast
roph
ismo fmai
n weakstruct
uralsur
faces whi
chin
fluencethes
lid
ingoftherock ma
ssor
migh
tcauser
elat
ive
lysi
gni
ficantdef
o rma
tiontotheabu
tmen t,a
swe l
lasthepos
sib
lecomb i
na-
t
iono
fthes
truc
tur
alsu
rface,t
hena
tur
eandi
tsd
ist
ribu
tioncha
rac
ter
ist
icsofsubsu
rfaceseep
-
agef
lowi
nther
ockmassoft
heabu t.
tmen

d) Therockmechanicsindicesfortheabutmen
tstab
il
ityana
lysi
sincludesthecompress
ionres
ist
-
ance,shea
ringr
es i
stance,tensi
lestreng
thand modul
uso fdefo
rma ton,Po
i isson’srat
ioand
pe
rmeab
il
itycoe
ffi
cien
tsha
llbeob
tai
nedbysamp
lingf
orl
abor
ator
yt t.
es

e) Theabutmentst
abil
ityanal
ysis mai
nlyi
nvolvesthestudy ofthe possib
les l
idi
ng o
fther ock
mass;however, when the a
rea nearthe downst
ream side oft he abutment mi
ght su
ffer
r
ela
tive
lys
ign
ifi
can
tde
forma
tionduet
oar
ela
tive
lys
ign
ifi
can
tfau
lto
rwea
kbe
lt,t
hede
forma
-
t
ionp
rob
lemoft
heabu
tmen
tsha
lla
lsobes
tud
iedi
npa
rti
cul
ar.

f) Thean
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tyca
lcu
lat
ionsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.
45
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

1) The bounda
ryo
fthe pos
sib
les
lide massi
nthe an
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
ty ana
lys
is shou
ld be
composedo fseve
rals
lipsur
facesandfreefces.Thes
a l
ipsurf
acesshal
lbevari
ousstruc
-
tur
alsur
facesintherock mass,par
ticu
lar
lythe weaks
truc
turalsu
rfces;t
a hefreef
aces
sha
llbet
hesu
rfa
ceo
rthe weaks
truc
tur
alsu
rface.Thes
lipsu
rfacessha
llbede
termi
ned
a
fte
rob
tai
ningt
he mos
tli
kel
ysl
idi
ngf
ail
uref
orm ont
heba
sisofeng
inee
ringgeo
log
ica
l
su
rvey.

2) Theshea
rs t
rengthcoeff
icien
to ft
hesl
ipsurf
aceandtherockmas
sonbot
hsides (
inc
lud
ing
f
il
li
nginthesli
psu r
fa )
ce shallbede
termi
nedthroughjo
intst
udybyt
hedes
igner ,
s geol
o-
gi
stsandt
este
rsaccor
dingtothesampl
ingt es
tvalues,i
ncomb i
nat
ionwiththeact
ualsi
t-
uat
ionofther
ockmasst, hepos
sib
lechangesaft
erwa t
erfi
ll
ingandtheengi
neer
ingtrea
t-
men
tmea
sur
est
aken,andwi
thr
efe
rencet
osimi
lareng
inee
ringexpe
rience.

3) Theabutments
tab
ili
tycalcu
lat
ionshallinc
ludet heact
ingfor
cetrans
fer
redfr
omt hedam
,
body deadwe
igh
tofr ockma s ,
s seepagepressureandse
ismi oad.Thenume
cl r
icalcom-
pu
tat
ionme
thodf
orabu
tmen
tan
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tyusua
llyemp
loyst
her
igi
dbodyl
imi
tequ
i-
l
ibr
ium me
thod.Theac
tingf
orcet
rans
fer
redf
romt
hedambodyi
sca
lcu
lat
edbyus
ingt
he
cor
respond
ingr
esu
ltca
lcu
lat
edwi
tht
hea
rch
-can
til
eve
rme
thod.Thea
rchdam wi
thcom-
l
pexgeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onssha
llbeana
lysedbyt
hef
ini
tee
lemen
tme
thodorot
herme
thods.

4) Whenther
igi
dbodylimitequil
ibr
ium methodisusedfo
rthean
ti-
sli
pstab
il
ityana
lys
is,i
t
maybeca
lcu
lat
edi
na ccordancewit
ht heFormua(
l 3)ort
heFormua(
l 4).

5) Thean
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tyca
lcu
lat
ionsa
fet
yfac
t sK'andK sha
or llnotbel
esst
hant
heva
luesr
e-
qu
iredi
nTab
le13.

Tab
le13 Safetyf
acto
rofant
i-s
lipstab
ili
ty

Loadcomb
ina
tion K
' K

Ba
siccomb
ina
tion 3.
0 1.
30

Non
-se
ismi
ccond
iti
ons 2.
5 1.
10
Spec
ialcomb
ina
tion
Se
ismi
ccond
iti
ons 2.
7 /

2.
6.5 Dambodyconst
ruct
ion

2.
6.5.
1 Thej
oin
tsoft
hedambodysha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thetr
ansversej
oint
sshal
lbese tf
ort heconc
reteachdam,wh
r ichshoul
dbelaidou
tinthera
-
di
alornear
lyradi
aldir
ect
i ,
on thetransve
rsejoi
ntsurf
ace maybeave r
tica
lpl ,
ane thebot
tom
o
jin
tsu
rfaceo
fthet
ransve
rsej
oin
tshou
ldbenea
rlyo
rthogona
ltot
hebas
icp
laneandt
hei
nte
r-
sect
ionang
leshallno
tbeles
st °.Akeywaysha
han60 l
lbeprovidedonthet
ransve
rsejoin
tsur-
faceandagrou
tingsyst
emshalbeembedded.
l Thekeywaysha
llbeintheve
rti
caldi
rec
tion,and
shou
ldt
rapezo
ida
lora
rch
-shaped.
46
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

b) Theposi
tionsandspa
cingoftransve
rsejoi
ntssha
llbedete
rmi
nedbyconsi
der
ingsuchf
actor
sas
thedamfoundati
oncondit
ions,tempera
turecontrl,s
o t
ressdi
str
ibu
tioni
nthedam body,size
ofthef
lood-
relea
seo r
ifi
cei hedambody,s
nt truct
ura
llayou
tofcave
rnsi
nt hedamandthecon
-
cre
tepl
acingcapaci
ty,wh i
chmigh
tcausef
rac
turestotheconc
ree.
t Thespaci
ngbetweentr
ans
-
ve
rsej
oin
ts(
arcl
eng
tha
longups
treamsu
rface)shou
ldbe15mt
o25m.

c) Thej
oin
tgr
out
ingsha
llbeapp
liedf
ort
ransve
rsej
oin
tsandl
ong
itud
ina
ljo
ins.Wheng
t rou
ting,
t
hedambodyt
empe
rat
uresha
llber
educedt
other
equ
ireddes
ignva
lue.Theopen
ing wi
dthof
t
hej
oin
tsshou
ldnotbel
esst
han0.
5 mm.
Theageo
fthedambodyconc
ret
eonbot
hsi
desoft
he
jo
intshoul
dno
tbel essthan4mon thsa
fteref
fect
ivemea su
reshavebeentaken.Onl
ya f
tert
he
concr
eti
onofgrou
teds l
urryr
eachestheexpect
eds t
reng
t ,
h canthedam bodyr e
tai
nt hewater
andendu
r et
heforce.Whenthetransve
rse (
long
itudi
nal)o
jin
tsofarchdamhavenotbeeng
rou
-
tedandtempor
ary f
loodr
est
rain
in gisneeded,spec
ialdemonst
rat
ionsha
llbemade.

d) Thej
oin
tsu
rfacessha
llbed
ivi
dedi
ntoseve
ralenc
loseda
reaswi
thg
rou
tst
opp
lat
esf
org
rou
-
t
ing.Thewa
ter
-st
ops
tri
pso
ftheups
treamsu
rfa
ceanddowns
treamsu
rfaceoft
het
ransve
rse
o
jin
tsmaybeusedconcu
rren
tlyast
heg
rou
tst
opp
laes.
t

● Thea
reaofea
chg
rou
tinga
reashou
l o400m2 ,andt
dbe200m2t hehe
igh
tshou
ldbe9mt
o
15m.

● I
nthef
orma
tionofg
rou
tingandl
ift
ingp
ipe
linesandd
ischa
rgi
ngf
aci
li
ties,p
las
tict
ubespu
l-
l
ing modeandpu
lpi
ngboxmodemaybeadop
ted.

● Theg
routi
nletandout
letp
ipeori
ficesandthewaterdrai
np ipeout
leti
nt hesamegr
outing
ar
eaoft
hetransve
r (
se l
ong
itud
ina
lj) o
intshou
ldbeconcentr
atedinthear
easneart
hegal
lery
o
rtheb
ridgedowns
treamoft
hedam.

e) Thegr
out
ingp
ressureoft
hetr
ansve
rse (
long
itud
inal)j
oin
tshal
lbedet
ermi
nedinaccor
dance
wit
hdambodyst
r es
sandthedef
ormat
ioncondit
ions.I
naddi
tiont
othetopl r,t
aye heupper
pa
rtoft
heg
rou
tinga
reashou
ldhavea9m-
thi
ckconc
ret
ewe
igh
tedb
l t.
anke Theg
rou
tingp
res
-
su
reo
ftopl
aye
rmaybe0.
1 MPat 3 MPa.
o0.

6.2.
5.2 Thega
lle
riesandpass
agewaysinthedamshal
lbearrangedf
orava r
ietyofpurposessuchas
foundat
iong
rout
ing,dranage,s
i af
ety mon
itor
ing,i
nspec
tionand main
tenance,oper
ation,mob i
li
ty
i
nthedamandt
her
equ
iremen
tso
fthecons
truc
tionpe
riod.Wi
thr
ega
rdt
oth
ina
rchdams,t
hega
l-
l
eri
esmaynotbea
rranged.Thel
ayou
toft
hega
lle
riesmaybeca
rri
edou
taccor
dingt 1.
o6.4.
1.

6.2.
5.
3 The water
-st
opstr
ipsshal
lbear
rangedontheupst
r eamsurf
aceofthetr
ansver
sejoi
ntin
t ,
hedam body thedowns
tream su
rfa
ceandoverf
low su
rfaceo ft
het r
ansve
rsejoi
ntsbel
ow the
checkt
ailwa
terl
eve
laswe
llast
hecon
tac
tsu
rfa
cebe
tweent
hedambodyi
nst
eeps
lopesec
tionand
s
ides
lope.Thewa ter
-st
ops t
ripsforthet
ransve
rsejoi
ntsorfoundat
ionsha
llbep r
oper
lyconnec
ted
t
othedamf ounda
tion;thebur
ialdept
hofconnectedwate
r-s
topstri
pinthebedrockmaybe0.3 mto
47
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

0.
5 m.Thewa
ters
top maybedes
igneda
ccor
dingt 1.
o6.4.
3.

2.
6.5.
4 Ve
rti
cald
rai
npi
pesshou
ldbei
nst
all
edi
nthedambody,wh
ichmaybeimp
lemen
tedaccor
d-
i
ngt
other
equ
iremen
tsi
n6.
1.4.
3.Th
ina
rchdami
nfr
eez
ing
-fr
eea
reas mayno
tbeequ
ipped wi
th
d
rai
nagep
ipes.

2.
6.5.
5 Thedambody ma
ter
ialzon
ingsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thes
treng
thsha
llber
ega
rdedast
hema
incon
tro
lindexi
nthedes
ignoft
hea
rchdamconc
ret
e
st
rengt
hg r
adedivis
ion.Othe
rperf
ormancei
ndexesfortheconc
reteshal
lbeve ri
fiedaccor
ding
t
ot herequ
iremen
tso fdi
ffer
entpart
soft ;
hedam body theper
formanceindexeso fl
ocalcon-
cre
temaybeimp r
ovedwhennecess
ary,wi
thd
iff
eren
tstrengthg
radesdefned.Whent
i hedam
bodyt
hicknes
sisles han20m,t
st hestr
eng
thg
radeofconcre
teshouldnotbezoned.
Themini
-
mum wi
dtho
fthes
amel
aye
rofconc
ret
est
reng
thg
radeshou
ldnotbel
esst
han2m.

b) Theconc
r e
te mechan
icalandtherma
lind
icessha
llbecomprehens
ivelyst
uded.
i Inadd
itionto
meet
ingthelowthermalrequ
irement
sofconcr
ete,theconc
reteshal
lhavesuf
fic
ien
tstreng
th,
espec
ial
lyt
heea
rlys
treng
th.
Theconc
ret
ema
ter
ialdu
rab
il
ityi
ndexmaybese
lec
tedaccor
dingt
o
t
her
equ
iremen
tsi 1.
n6.4.
4.

2.
6.6 Damfoundat
iont
reatmentdes
ign

6.2.
6.1 Thedam founda
tiontr
eatmentincl
udestheexcavat
ion,conso
lida
tion g
rout
ing,seepage
cont
rolandd
ranage,t
i hekars
tanti
-seepagetrea t,f
tmen aultfr
act
urezoneand wea ksur
facetrea
t-
t,andsha
men llmee
tther
equ
iremen
tsi 1.
n6.5.Spec
iala
tten
tionsha
llbepa
idt
otheshapeoff
oun
-
da
tionsu
rfacer
esu
lti
ngi
nadve
rsee
ffec
tsont
hes
tres
sdi
str
ibu
tiono hedambody.
ft

2.
6.6.
2 Damf
ounda
tionexcava
tionsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Ther
ocksur
faceonbothbanksshou
ldbeexcavatedint
oarad
ialpane.Whent
l heexcava
tedvol
-
umeistoosubst
ant
ialduetoar e
lat
ive
lythicka r
chabu
tmen t,thei
n-compl
eteradi
alpl
ane
shou
ldbeused.
Iti
spr
ovedt
hatt
her
ocksu
rfacef
ort
heabu
tmen
tmaya
lsobeexcava
tedi
nto
ot
hershapes.

b) Theeleva
tiondif
fer
encebetweent
heupstr
eamanddownst
reamsidesoftherocksu
rfacei
nt he
r
iverbedsecti
onshallno
tbet oog
rea ,
t andshou
ldbesl
ight
lyt
il
tedt owa
r dt
heupstreamside.

c) Theb
las
tingdes
ignofdamf
ounda
tionexcava
tionshou
ldadop
ttheme
thodofp
re-
spl
itt
ingb
las
-
t
ing.Thel
ong
itud
ina
lsl
ope oft
he who
ledam f
ounda
tionshou
ld besmoot
h wi
thou
tab
rup
t
change.

2.
6. 6.
3 Inorde
rt oimpr
ovet heshea
rstreng
tho ft
hearchdamfoundat
ioncon
tactsur
faceandpre
-
ven
tseepagealongthefoundat
ioncont
actsurf
ace,con
t ac
tgrou
tingshal
lbecar
riedoutforst
eep
48
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

wa
llswi
thag
rad
ien
tgr
eat
ert
han50
°t °.
o60 Con
tac
tgr
out
ingshou
ldbeca
rri
edou
tbyus
ingt
hecon
-
so
lida
tiong
rou
tingho
lesandcu
rta
ing
rou
tingho
les.

6.2.
6.
4 Whenthes t
ab i
li
tyands a
fetyofthearchabu
tmentisaf
fect
edby weakstruc
turalsurf
aces
suchast
hei
nte
r-beddingo rd
isl
ocati
onwit
h i
nthetwoabutmen ocks,co
tr r
respond
ingrei
nforcement
mea
sues (
r sucha
san
ti-
sldekeys,l
i oadt
rans
fer
ring wa
llsandh
igh
-pr
essu
reg
rou
tingconso
lida
tion)
sha
llbeimp
lemen
tedf
ort
heabu
tmen
tfounda
tion.

2.
6.7 Temper
atu
recont
rol

2.
6. 7.
1 Archdamtemper
atu
recontr
olsha
llbebasedonthenat
uralcondi
tionssuchasai
rtempera
-
tu
r ,
e wat
ertemper
atur
eandg r
oundtemper
atu
r ,
e andthestr
uctur
alfeat
ureso ft ,
hedambody raw
ma
ter
ial
sfo
rconc
ret
eandconc
ret
epe
rformance,andr
easonab
let
empe
rat
urecon
tro
lst
anda
rdsand
c
rackp
reven
tionmea
sur
essha
llbef
ormu
laed.
t

2.
6.7.
2 Theconc
ret
etempe
rat
urecon
tro
lrequ
iremen
ts maybeimp
lemen
tedacco
rdi
ngt
other
e-
qu
iremen
tsi 1.
n6.7.

2.
6.7.
3 Thet
empe
rat
uref
iel
dofa
rchdamj
oin
tgr
out
ing (
i.
e.t
hej
oin
tgr
out
ingt
empe
rat
uref
ied)
l
sha
llbead
jus
tedaccor
dingt
othet
empe
rat
uref
iel
doft
hedambodyconc
ree.
t Thel
ayou
toft
hecoo
l-
i
ng wa
terp
ipeandt
hese
lec
tionofwa
tercoo
ling me
thodsha
llbebene
fic
ialt
oreducet
het
empe
ra-
tu
rel oadofthear
chdam.Thearchdam wi
thoverhang
ingsect
ionshal
lbeg rou
tedintime.When
perf
ormingjo
i n
tgrou
tingf
ort
hedamsect
iondu
ringthehigh
-tempe
ratu
resea ,
son thesu
rfaceoft
he
damsha
llbekep
twa
rm.

6.
3 Conc
retef
acedr
ockf
illdam

3.
6.1 Gene
ralp
rov
isi
ons

6.3.
1.
1 Thedamaxisshal
lbede te
rminedthroughtechn
ica
landeconomiccompar
isonacco
rdi
ngto
thegeo
log
ica
landt
opographi
calcondi
tionsofthedams i
te,andi
nf avou
roflay
ingoutthetoesl
ab
andot
hers
truc
tur
eso
fthep
roec
j t,andconven
iencef
orcons
truc
tion.
Thedamax
isshou
ldbel
aidi
n
as
tra
igh
tlne.
i

3.
6. 1.
2 Ther ockf
il
ldambody maybebuil
tonthedenseal
luv
ialdepos
itontheri
verbed.Whenthe
a
lluv
ialdepos
itconta
insas
ilt
y-f
inesandl
ayerandacohes
ivesoill
aye ,
ritssaf
etyandeconomi
cra-
t
iona
li
tysha
llbedemons
tra
tedi
ncomb
ina
tion wi
tht
heana
lys
iso
fthes
tab
il
ityandde
forma
tionof
hedambody.
t

3.
6.1.
3 Whent
hesp
il
lwayi
sla
idou
tont
hedamabu t,t
tmen heconnec
tionbe
tweent
hef
aces
lab
andt
hesp
il
lways
idewa
llorgu
idewa
llsha
llbep
rope
rlydes
igned.

3.
6.1.
4 Whende
termi
ningt
hes
tyl
eands
izeoft
hes
truc
tur
eint
hel
ayou
toft
hep
roec
j t,acomp
re-
49
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

hens
ivecompa
risonshou
ldbemadei
ncomb
ina
tionwi
tht
heba
lancebe
tweent
heexcava
tedvo
lume
oft
her
ock
sfo
rthes
truc
tur
esandt
hef
il
li
ngvo
l hedambody.
umeoft

3.
6.2 Damc
rest

3.
6. 2.
1 Thecr
estofthefacedr
ock
fil
ldam shal
lnotbel owe
rt hanthecheckfloodl l.Theup
eve -
st
reamsi
deofthedamcres
tshal
lbep rov
ided wi
ththe wave wal,andt
l heelevati
onoft he wave
wa
llsha
llbeh
ighe
rthant
hee
leva
tionoft op.Thee
hewavet leva
tiond
iff
erencebe
tweent
hewave
wallc
rownandthenorma
lr eservo
irl
eve
lorcheckf
loodl
eve
lmaybecal
cul
atedacco
rdi
ngtot he
Formula(
9).Thewavewal
lhe i
ghtmaybe4mto6mandt hewal
lcr
ownmaybe1mt o1.2 mh
igher
t
hant
hedamc
r t.Theba
es rri
ero
rcu
rbsha
llbea
rrangedont
hedowns
treams
ideoft
hedamc
r t.
es

Δh =RF +hz + A …………………………(9 )

whe
re

Δh i
sthehei
ghtdif
fer
encebe
tweent
hewavewa
llc
rownandt
heno
rma
lrese
rvo
irl
eve
lorcheck
f
loodl
evel,i
nm;

Rf i
sthe Waver
unup,t
- obeca
lcu
lat
edi
naccor
dancewi
thAppend
ixA,i
nm;

hz i
sthehei
ghtdif
fer
encebe tweenthe wavecen
tre
lineandthenorma
lrese
rvo
irl
eve
lorcheck
f
loodl
evel,t
obeca l
cul
atedinaccor
dancewithAppendixA,inm;

A i
sthef
reeboa
rd,se
lec
taccor
dingt
oTab
le2,i
nm.

3.
6.2.
2 Se
ttl
emen
tma
rgi
nsha
llber
ese
rveda
tthedamc
r t,andi
es tsva
luesha
llbede
termi
nedby
ca
lcu
lat
iono
reng
inee
ringana
logy.

3.
6. 2.3 Thedamcres
twi d
thsha
llbedete
rminedaccor
d i
ngtotheoperat
i ldemand,
ona layou
tofthe
fa
cil
it
iesonthedamcres
tandconst
ruct
ionrequi
rements;thedamcres
twi dt
hshoul
dbe5mt o8m.
Whent
hedamc
res
tisusedf
ort
ranspor
tat
ion,t
hedam c
res
twi
dthsha
llbese
lec
tedacco
rdi
ngt
o
t
her
elevan
tpr
ovi
sions.

3.
6.2.
4 Thewavewa
llsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thee
leva
tiono
ftheho
rizon
talj
oin
tbe
tweent
hewavewa
llandt
heconc
ret
efacet
opshou
ldbe
h
ighe
rthant
henorma
lrese
rvo
irl l.
eve

b) Thedambodyabovethebo
ttomel
eva
tionoft
hewavewal
lsha
llbef
il
ledwit
hfi
nerock
fil
lmat
e-
r
ial
sandthepavemen
tshal
lbela
id.Whentherea
rer
oadsonthedamc r
est,t
hepavementon
t
hedamc
res
tsha
llbedes
ignedi
nacco
rdancewi
tht
her
oads
tanda
rds.
50
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

c) The0.
6 mt
o0.
8 m wi
deaccessf
ori
nspec
tionshou
ldbea
rrangedont
heba
ses
labups
treamof
t
heve
rti
calwa
llo
fthewavewa
ll.

d) Thewavewa
llsha
llbef
irmandwa
ter
proof,andsha
llbesub
jec
tedt
ost
abi
li
tyands
treng
thve
r-
i
fica
tion.Thewavewal
lshal
lhaveexpansi
onjoi
ntsinwh i
chal
aye
rofcoppe
rwa te
r-stopst
rips
orPVCwa t
ers
topbe
ltssha
llbeins
tal
led,andbeconnec
tedtot
hewate
r-s
topst
ripsforthehor-
i
zon
talj
oin
tbe
tweent
hewavewa
llandt
hef
aces
lab.

3.
6. 2.
5 Thedamc r
eststr
ucturesha
llbeeconomicalandprac
ti l,t
ca hebui
ldi
ngdes
ignsha
llbebeau
-
t
ifu
landel
egan ,
t andt hel
igh
tingandd r
ainagesha
llbep r
operlydes
igned.

3.
6.3 Dams
lope

3.
6.3.1 Whenthedamconstr
uct
ion ma
ter
ial
sar
egoodqual
ityha
rdrock
fil
lma
ter
ias,t
l hegrad
ient
oft
heups
treamanddowns
treamdams l
opesmaybe1∶1.3to1∶1.4;whenthedamcons
truc
tion
ma
ter
ial
sar
ena
tur
alsandyg
rave
lagg
rega
tes,t
heg
rad
ien
toft
heups
tream anddowns
tream dam
s
lopesmaybe1∶1.
5t 6.Thedams
o1∶1. lopbu
iltonso
ftr
ock
fil
lorso
ftf
ounda
tionsha
llbede
ter
-
mi
nedbys
tab
il
ityca
lcu
lat
ion.

3.
6.3.
2 Whent
her
oadsa
rebu
iltont
hedowns
treamdams
lope,t
hedams
lopebe
tweent
her
oads
maybead
jus
tedi
nloca
lpos
iton.
i

3.
6.3.
3 Thedowns
treamdams
lopeshou
ldbep
iled wi
thr
ockb
locks;t
hes
lopesu
rfacei
srequ
ired
t
obef
latandhaveap
rope
rappea
rance.

6.3.
3.
4 Thef la
tnes
sshal
lberequ
iredfort
heupst
reams l
opesu
rfacei
nthecush
ionl
aye
rar
eadu
ring
thecons
truc
tionper
i ,
od andbeprotec
tedinat
imel r.
y manne

3.
6.4 Dambodyzon
ing

3.
6.4.1 Thedambodyshal
lbezoneda ccordi
ngtotheaggrega
tesourcesa
swe l
lastherequ
irements
oft
hestr
engh,pe
t rmeab
il
ity,compressibi
li
ty,const
ruct
ionconven
ience,andeconomi
cr a
tiona
li
ty.
Thedam body may be zoned,from ups
tream to downstream,intot he cushi
on l
aye
ra rea,
t
rans
iti
ona
larea,ma
inrockfi
llar
eaanddownstreamrock
fil
laea.
r Thespec
ialcushi
onlaye
rareashal
l
bea
rrangedbe
lowt
hepe
riphe
ralj
oin
ts.
Thewa
terpe
rmeab
il
ityoft
hedam ma
ter
ial
sind
iff
eren
tar
e-
asshou
ldbei
ncr
easedf
rom ups
treamt
odowns
treamaccor
dingt
othehyd
rau
lict
rans
iti
onr
equ
ire
-
t.Thedam ma
men ter
ialf
ort
hedowns
treamr
ock
fil
lar
eaabovet
hedowns
tream wa
terl
eve
lisnot
sub
jec
ttot
hisr
est
ric
tion.Theups
treamsec
tionoft
her
ock
fil
ldam bodysha
llhavel
owcomp
res
si-
bi
li
ty.Theha
rds t
oner i
prap maybea
rrangedundert
hewa t
erofthedownstr
eamdamt oeoft
hedam
bodyi
fnecessa
ryt; h
isripr
apa r
eamaybet heint
egra
lpa
rto ft
hedownstr
eamcoff
erdam.Addit
iona
l
zonesoft
hedambodymaybeaddedt
othedambodyi
ncomb
ina
tionwi
tht
her
ockma
ter
ial
sexcava
-
t
edf
romt
hes
truc
tur
esandt
heagg
rega
tesou
rcesava
ilab
lenea
rby.
Ref
ert
oFi
gur
e3f
ort
hezon
ing
schema
ticd
iag
ramoft
heha
rdr
ock
fil
ldambodyont
her
ockf
ounda
tion.
51
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

Key
1A ups
treamb
lanke
tar
ea 1B we
igh
tyb
lanke
tar
ea
2A cush
ionl
aye
rar
ea 2B spec
iall
aye
rar
ea
3A t
rans
iti
ona
lar
ea 3B ma
inr
ock
fil
lar
ea
3C downs
treamr
ock
fil
lar
ea 3E r
ipr
apa
rea
P r
ockb
lockma
son
ry F f
aceconc
ret
esl
ab

F
igu
re3 Zon
ingschemat
icd
iag
ramoftheha
rdr
ockf
illdambodyonr
ockfoundat
ion

3.
6. 4.
2 Theho ri
zonta
lwi d
thofthecushi
onl aye
rareashal
lbede
termi
neda
ccor
dingt
othedam
he
ight,t
err
ain,cons
truct
ionpr
ocessandeconomiccompar
ison.

● Whend
irec
tun
load
i r,
ngbyca l
eve
ll
ingbybu
ll r,t
doze hehor
izon
talwi
dthoft
hecush
ionl
aye
rar
-
eashou
ldnotbel
esst
han3m.

● Whenspec
ialsp
read
ing measu
resa
r aken,t
et hewi
dthoft
hecush
ionl
aye
rar educed,
eamayber
andt
hewi
dtho
fthet
rans
iti
ona
lar
eamaybei
ncr
easedcor
respond
ing
ly.

● Thecushi
onl aye
rareashal
lbe extended app
ropr
iat
elytothe downs
tream r
eg i
on al
ong t
he
con
tactsurf
aceofthebed
r ;
ock theextens
ionleng
thisrel
atedt
ot hete
rrai
noft hebanksope,
l
t
hecha
rac
ter
ist
icsoft
hebed
rockandt
hedamhe
i t.
gh Thespec
ialcush
ionl
aye
rar
eawi
tht
het
hin
l
aye
rcompa
cti
onsha
llbea
rrangedont
hedowns
treams
ideoft
hepe
riphe
ralj
oit.
n

3.
6.4.
3 I
ftheha
rdr
ock
fil
lma
ter
iali
susedast
hema
inr
ock
fil
laea,t
r het
rans
iti
ona
lar
easha
llbea
r-
r
angedbe
tweent
hema
inr
ock
fil
lar
eaandt
hecush
ionl
aye
raea.Thehor
r izon
talwi
dthoft
het
rans
i-
t
iona
lar
easha
llno
tbel
esst
han3m.

3.
6.4.
4 Whent hesoftr
ockf
il
lmate
riali
susedasthemainrockf
il
lar
eaofmed ium/
low dams,and
i
tspe
rmeab
il
itycanno
tmeetther
equir
ementsoff
reedr
ainage,t
heverti
cald
rai
nageareasha
llbea
r-
r
angedi
ntheups
treams
ideoft
hedamandt
heho
rizon
tald
rai
nagea
reasha
llbea
rrangeda
longt
he
bott
om.Thed
rai
nagecapac
ityofthedr
ainagea
reashal
lensu
retha
tallseepagewate
rcanbedrained
fr
eelyou
to hedam;i
ft nve
rtedfi
lte
rmaybea rr
angedontheupst
reams ideofthever
tica
ldr
ainage
a
reawhennecess
ary.Ther
ock
fil(
l r
g l)ma
ave ter
ialf
ort
hed
rai
nagea
reasha
llbeha
rdand wi
thh
igh
wea
the
ringr
esi
stance.

3.
6.4.
5 Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othedambodybu
iltwi
thsandandg
r l,t
ave her
eli
abl
eve
rti
calandho
rizon
tal
d
rai
nagea
reassha
llbea
rranged.
52
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

● Thet
ope
leva
tiono
ftheve
rti
cald
rai
nagea
reashou
ldbeh
ighe
rthant
henorma
lrese
rvo
irl l,
eve
andt
hed
rai
nagecapac
ityo
fthed
rai
nagea
reasha
llensu
ret
hata
llt
heseepage wa
tercou
ldbe
d
rai
nedf
ree
lyou
toft
hedam.

● Thenecess
ityo
far
rang
ingt
het
rans
iti
ona
lar
eabe
tweent
hecush
ionl
aye
rar
eaandt
hesand
-
r
gave
lma
inr
ock
fil
lar
easha
lldependont
heg
rad
ingo
fthesand
-gr
ave
lagg
rega
te.

● Thes
lopep
rot
ect
ionsha
llbeapp
liedont
hedowns
tream s
ide,o
rtheexcava
tedr
ock ma
ter
ial
s
maybeusedf
ort
hedowns
treamr
ock
fil
laea.
r

3.
6. 4.
6 Ifthedamfoundat
ionisasand-gr
avell r,andt
aye heinte
r-l
ayeri
nrela
tiont
othedam mate-
r
ial
sdoesnotmeett
hef i
lte
ringrequ
irement ,
sthehorizon
talf
il
tershal
lbear
rangedonthesu
rfaceof
t
hedamf
ounda
tion.

3.
6.5 Dam mate
ria
ls

3.
6. 5.
1 Thecushionlaye
rma te
ria
lsmaybear
tif
ici
alagg
rega
tes,sandygr
avelma t
eri
alsoramixtur
e
h;t
ofbot hear
tif
icia
laggrega
tesshal
lbemadeofha r
dandhigh
ly weat
her
-res
ist
antrocks.Thecush-
i
onl
aye
rma
ter
ial
ssha
llhavegoodg
rad
ing wi
thamax
imum pa
rti
cles
i o100 mm,t
zeof80 mmt he
conten
to fpa
rti
clessma
lle
rthan5 mm shou
ldbe30% t o50% andthecon
ten
tofpart
icl
essma
lle
r
than0.075mmshou l
dnotexceed8%.Aftercompac
tion,i
tsha
llhavelowcompr
ess
ibi
li
tyandh
igh
shearstr
ength,andgoodconst
ruct
ioncha
ract
eri
stcs.Whendammi
i ng wi
thnatur
alsandyg
rave
lag-
gregat ,
es t he cush
ionl
ayer mat
eria
lshal
lbe conti
nuousi
ng r
ading and s
tabl
ei ntheint
erna
l
s
truct
ure;af
tercompact
ion,thepermeab
il
itycoe
ffi
cientshouldbe1×10-4 mm/sto1×10-5 mm/s
Withrega
rdtoaconcre
tefacerock
fil
ldaminacoldregon,t
i hegra
incompos
iti
onofthecush
ionl
ay-
e
rma
ter
ialsha
llmee
tthewa
terpe
rmeab
il
ityr
equ
iremen
ts.

3.
6. 5.
2 An t
i-f
il
terma t
eri
als wi
th max
imum par
tic
les i
zeofno morethan40 mm,stab
leint
erna
l
st
ruct
ureandself
-cu
ringeffec
tonthejoin
troofcoalash,s
il
ty-
fines
andandcaulk
ings
lur
ryshal
lbe
usedf
orspec
ialcush
iona
rea.

6.3.
5.
3 Thet r
ans
iti
ona
lmat
eri
alshal
lbeg
radedcont
inuouslyandt
he maximum part
icl
es i
zesha
ll
notexceedt
han300 mm.Af
terrol
li
ngcompact
ion,i
tsha l
lhavelow compress
ibi
li
ty,h i
ghshear
s
trengthandfr
eewaterpermeabi
li
ty.Thetr
ans
iti
onalma
teri
alsmayempl
oyexcavatedrock
fil
lmate
-
r
ial,sc
reenednat
ura
lsandygravelagg
rega
tesorrockmate
rialf
romtheexcava
tionoft
het l.
unne

3.
6.5.
4 Theha
rd-
rockma
inr
ock
fil
lma
ter
ialshou
ldhavegoodg
rai
ncompos
iti
ona
fte
rcompac
tion,
andt
hemax
imum pa
rti
cles
izesha
llno
texceedt
het
hicknes
soft
hecompac
tedl r.
aye Thecon
ten
tof
pa
rti
clessma
lle
rt han 5 mm shou
ld notexceed 20% andthe con
ten
to f par
tic
les smal
lert
han
0.
075mmshou ldno ;
texceed5% i tsha
llhavelowcompress
ibi
li
tyandhighshea
rs t
rengh.
t

6.
3.5.
5 Thedowns treamrockf
il
lzonebelowthedownstr
eam wat
erl eve
lshal
lbebui
ltwi
thha
rdand
hi
ghly wea
the
r-r
esi
stantrock
fil
lmater
ial,andthecon
ten
tofpart
iclessmall
erthan0.
075mmshal
lbe
53
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

con
tro
lledt
obeno
tmor
ethan5% ;a
fte
rro
ll
ingcompac
tion,i
tsha
lld
rai
nwa
terf
ree
ly;t
her
equ
ire
-
men
tsf
ordam ma
ter
ial
sfr
omt
hedowns
treamr
ock
fil
lzoneabovet
hedowns
tream wa
terl
eve
lmay
bel
owe
red.

3.
6.5.
6 Whendammi
ng wi
ths
andyg
rave
lagg
rega
te,t
heagg
rega
tesshou
ldbeusedi
nthed
rya
rea
i
nthedami
fthecon
ten
tofpa
rti
clessma
lle
rthan0.
075mmi
sove
r8%.

3.
6.6 F
ill
ingstanda
rds

3.
6.6.
1 Thef
il
li
ngs
tanda
rdso
fthecush
ionl
aye
rma
ter
ial,t
rans
iti
ona
lma
ter
ial,ma
inr
ock
fil
lma
te-
ri
alanddownstr
eamrock
fil
lma t
eri
almaybep r
elimi
nar
ilysel
ect
edbyexper
ienceaccor
dingtoTab
le
14;inthedes
ign,t
heporosit
yo rrel
ati
vedens
ity,thegrad
ingandr
oll
ingcompact
ionpa r
amet
erof
t
hedam ma
ter
ial
ssha
llbespec
ifi
eda
tthes ime.Thedes
amet ignd
rydens
ity maybeconve
rtedon
thebasi
softheporos
ityandrockdens
ity.Theave
raged r
ydens
ityshal
lnotbelessthantheva
lue
conve
rtedf
romt hedesi
gnpor
os i
tyorrel
ati
vedens
ity,andit
sst
andarddif
fer
encesha
llnotbemore
han100kg/m3 .Thef
t il
li
ngs
tanda
rdso
fthespec
ialcush
iona
reasha
llno
tbel
owe
rthant
hatofcush
-
i
ona
rea.

Tab
le14 Des
ignpor
osi
tyorr
elat
ivedens
ity

Cush
ionl
aye
r Sandandg
rave
l Tr
ans
iti
ona
l Ma
inr
ock
fil
l Downs
treamr
ock
fil
l
Dam ma
ter
ial
s
ma
ter
ial ma
ter
ial ma
ter
ial ma
ter
ial ma
ter
ial

Po
ros
ity (% ) 15~20 / 18~22 20~25 23~28

Re
lat
ivedens
ity / 0.
75~0.
85 / / /

6.3.
6.
2 Thef i
ll
ingstanda
rdssha
llbereviewedandcor
rec
tedthr
oughr o
ll
ingcompa c
tiont
est,and
thecor
respond
ingro
ll
i ngcompac
tionpar
ame te
rssha
llbedet
ermined.
Int hecons
tructi
onprocess,
twokindsofpar
ametes,name
r l
yt hero
ll
ingcompact
ionpa
rame
ter
sandt
hepo
ros
ityorr
ela
tiveden
-
si
tyshouldbeusedf
orcont
ro ,
l andtheformershou
ldbedomi
nant.

3.
6. 6.
3 Thedes
igni
ndexandf
il
li
ngs
tanda
rdso
fso
ft-
rockr
ock
fil
lma
ter
ialsha
llbede
termi
ned
t
hrought
het
est.

3.
6.6.
4 Ther
equ
iremen
tsofadd
ingwa
terf
ort
hef
il
li
ngofdam ma
ter
ial
ssha
llbep
roposed,andt
he
amoun
tofwa
teradd
iti
onmaybede
termi
nedaccor
dingt
otheexpe
rienceort
est.
Ifi
thasbeenve
ri-
f
iedt
hrought
her
oll
ingcompa
cti
ont
estt
hatt
her
ock
fil
lma
ter
ial
s wi
thh
ighsof
ten
ingcoe
ffi
cien
t
cannotbeaddedwaterwhenthero
lli
nga c
tionofwate
risnotobv
ious.Whenthewat
ercou
ldnotbe
addedduri
ng theconst
ruc
tionin wint
eri n co
ldr
egion,app
ropri
ate mea
sur
esshal
lbet akent
o
ach
ievet
hedes
ignr
equ
iremen
ts.

3.
6.7 Toes
lab

3.
6. 7.
1 Thet
oes
labshou
ldbe p
laced ont
hef
reshbed
rock wh
ichi
sha
rd,e
ros
ionr
esi
st t,
an
54
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

r
gou
tab
le,andmode
rat
etoweakwea
the
ringr s.
ock

3.
6.7.2 Thelayoutofthet
oes l
abont herockfoundati
onshal
lbeselec
tedinaccor
dancewit
hgeo-
l
ogi
calandt
opograph
ica
lcondi
tions,andshoul
dbel ai
dou thor
izon
tal
ly;whent
hebanks l
opeisve
ry
s
teep,ot
herl
ayou
tformsmaya
lsobeadop
ted.

3.
6.7.3 Whenthel
ayoutisres
tri
ctedbyt
hegeo log
ica
lortopogr
aphica
lcond
itons,t
i his maybe
r
emed
iedbyadd
ingaconnect
ionplat
eorback
fil
li
ngconcre
te;thetoe wal
lmaybeusedlocal
lyi
n-
s
teadoft
oes
labupondemons
tra
tion.

3.
6. 7.4 Aft
erthefi
rstphaseoft
oesl
abexcava
tion,t
heseconda
rysett
ing-ou
tshouldbeperf
ormed
forthetoesab;t
l heposi
tionoft
hedamaxismaybead us
j t
edapp r
opr
iate
ly whennecess
ary.

3.
6. 7.
5 Thewi
dthofthetoeslab maybedetermi
nedinaccordance wi
ththepermiss
iblehydrau
lic
gr
adien
toft
hebedr
ockbeneat
ht hetoeslabandthefounda
tiont r
eatmentmeasues;i
r t
s min
imum
wid
thshou
ldbe3m.Thepermi
ssib
lehydr
aul
icg r
adien
tshou
ldmee
tt hep
rov i
sionsofTab
le15.Af-
t
erthewid
thoft
het
oeslabmeetsthel
ayoutrequir
ement
sforg
rout
ingholes,thean
ti-
seepages
lab
(
rei
nfor
cedconc
retes
laborre
inf
orci
ng meshshot
cre
teslab)maybea r
rangedonthedownst
ream
s
ideofthetoesl
abtoext
endtheseepagepa
thsand mee
tt her
equ
irementsforhyd
rau
licg
rad
ient;
andt
hef
il
terma
ter
ialsha
llbecove
redont
heuppe
rsu
rfa
ceanddowns
treamr
ocksu
rfaceo
fthean
ti-
seepages
lab.

Tab
le15 Permi
ssi
blehydr
aul
icgr
adi
entofbedr
ockbeneaththetoes
lab

Deg
reeo
f F
reshands
ligh
tly Tho
rough
ly
S
ligh
tly wea
the
red H
igh
ly wea
the
red
wea
the
ring wea
the
red wea
the
red

Pe
rmi
ssi
blehyd
rau
lic
≥20 10~20 5~10 3~5
r
gad
ien
t

3.
6.7.
6 Thet
hicknessoft
het
oes
labmaybel
esst
hant
het
hicknes
soft
heconnec
tedf
aces
labbu
t
sha
llnotbel
esst
han0.
3 m.

3.
6.7.
7 Thet
oes
laboft
hes
and
-gr
ave
lfounda
tionwi
tht
hecu
t-of
fwa
llshou
ldbed
ivi
dedi
ntoup
-
s
treamsec
tionanddowns
tream sec
tion.Thet
oes
labo
ftheups
tream sec
tionsha
llbecons
truc
ted
a
fte
rthecomp
let
ionoft
hecu
t-o
ffwa
llandbe
for
ethef
irs
tfi
ll
ingoft
her
ese
rvo
ir.

6.3.
7.
8 Thedownst
reamsu
rfa
ceo ft
het oeslabshal
lbeverti
caltothefacepla
te;thehe
igh
tofthe
toesl
abbenea
tht
hebott
omsurfaceoft
hef aceslabsha
llnotbelessthan0.9 m;i
tmaybel owe
red
f
ort
hel
owe
rdam pos
iti hbanks.
onsonbot

3.
6. 7.
9 Thet oeslabconcr
e t
eshal
lhavehighdur
abi
li
ty,an
ti-
pe rmeab
il
ity,crackres
ist
anceandcon-
st
ruct
ion wo
rkabi
li
t y,andtherequ
iremen
tsshal
lbesameast hoseofthefaceslab.Thedur
abil
ityi
n-
d
icesoft
heconc
ret
ema
ter
ial
smaybese
lec
tedi
nacco
rdancewi
tht
her
equ
iremen
tsi 1.
n6.4.
4.
55
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

3.
6.7.
10 Thet
oes
labshou
ldemp
loys
ing
le-
laye
rtwo
-wayr r;t
eba her
ein
for
cemen
tra
tioofea
chd
i-
r
ect
ionmaybe0. 3% to0.4%.Theth
icknessofthep r
otec
tivelaye
rofreba
rforthetoeslabonthe
r
ockfounda
tionsha
llbe100mmt o150mm;wi t
hr egardt
ot hetoesl
abnotontherockf
oundat
ion,
t
her
eba
rshou
ldbea
rrangedi
nthemi
ddl
epa
rto
fthet
oes
labsec
tion.

3.
6.7.
11 Ancho
rba
rssha
llbeusedt
oconnec
ttoes
labwi
thbed
rock;t
hepa
rame
ter
soft
heanchor
ba
rmaybedet
ermi
nedbyexperence.Whenal
i ow- ang
lest
ruc
turalsu
rfa
ceexi
stsnea
rt hef
ounda
tion
su
rfa
ceo
fthetoesl ,
ab thepa
rametersoftheanchorbar
sshallbedete
rmi
nedaccordi
ngtothesta-
b
il
ityr
equ
iremen
tso
rther
esi
sti
ngg
rou
tingp
res
sue.
r

3.
6.8 Concr
etef
ace

6.3.
8.
1 Theth
icknessofthefacesl
abshal
lbesucht
hatt
hehydrau
licgradien
tunderthes
labsha
ll
notbegr
eat
erthan200.Theth
icknes
softhefa
cemaybedete
rmi
neda cco
r d
ingt ot
heFormu
la(10);
t
hes
labt
hicknes
sofmed
ium/
lowdamsmaybe0.
3 mt
o0.
4 m.

30+ (
t=0. 0. 0035)
002~0. H …………………………(10 )

whe
re

t i
sthet
hicknessoft
hef
aces
lab,i
nm;

H i
stheve
rti
cald
ist
ancef
romt
heca
lcu
lat
ionsec
tiont
othef
aces
l op,i
abt nm.

6.3.
8.
2 Thepa rt
ingo ft
hef aceslabsha
llbeper
formedaccord
ingt
othedambodyde
forma
tionand
cons
truc
tioncondi
ti ,
ons andt hespac
ingofthever
tica
ljo
int
smaybe12mt o18m.

3.
6.8.
3 Thetopeleva
tionofthefacesl
abpouredbyst
agesshoul
dbeabout5mlowerthanthefi
ll
-
i
ngel
eva
tiono
ftheconcret
ingpl
atf
o rm,andi
tshori
zon
talj
oint
sshal
lbetr
eat
eda
st heconst
ruct
ion
o
jin
ts.

6.3.
8.
4 Thef aceconcr
eteshal
lhaverel
ati
ve l
yhi
ghdur
ab i
li
ty,ant
i-pe
rmeab
il
ity,c
rackr
es i
stance
andcons
truc
tion wo
rkabi
li
ty.Thest
reng
thg radeo
fthefaceconcr
eteshal
lnotbelowerthanC25,
t
hean
ti-
seepageg
radesha
llno
tbel
owe
rthan W8andt
hef
ros
tres
ist
anceg
radesha
llmee
tther
e-
qu
iremen
tsoff
reezet ng.
hawi

3.
6.8.
5 Thef
aceconc
ret
eshou
ldemp
loyh
igh52.
5-
str
eng
thg
radePo
rtl
andcemen
toror
dina
ryPor
t-
l
andcement.
Coalashorot
herqua
lit
yadmixtu
resshoul
dbemixedi
ntothefa
ceconcr
ete.
Thequal
ity
gradeo
fthecoa
lashshoul
dnotbel owe
rthangradeI;
I andt
heamountofadmi
xtur
eshouldbe15%
o30% :t
t helowerva
luesha
llbeusedinthesever
ecoldreg
ionandthehigherva
luesha
llbet
akenin
t
hemi
ldregon.
i I
fthesand ma
ter
iali
sr e
lat
ivel
ycoar ,
se excessivecoa
la shshoul
dbeusedt oim-
provetheconc
ret e’
sperfrmance.Ai
o rentrai
ningadmixt
ureand wat
erreduc
ingadmixt
ureshal
lbe
addedi
n t
othef aceconc
rete;othe
raddi
tivestoregul
atetheset
tingtimeoftheconcret
e maybe
56
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

addedasr
equ
ired.Theva
rie
tyandamoun
tofadd
iti
vesandadmi
xtu
rest
obeusedsha
llbede
ter
-
mi
nedbyt
est.

3.
6. 8.
6 Thef
aceconc
ret
esha
llemp
loy g
rade
-IIagg
rega
te.The wa
terabsor
pti
on o
fthesand
ma
ter
ialf
ort
hef
acesha
llnotbemor
ethan3% ,t
hes
il
tcon
ten
tsha
llno
tbemo
ret
han2% andt
he
f
inenessmodu
lusshou
ldbei
nther
angeo
f2.
4t 8.
o2. Thewa
terabsor
pti
onoft
her
ockma
ter
ialsha
ll
notbemor
ethan2% andt
hes
iltcon
ten
tsha
llnotbemor
ethan1%.

3.
6.8.
7 Thewa
ter
-cemen
tra
tioo
fthef
aceconc
ret
esha
llnotbemor
ethan0.
50i
nthemi
ldr
egon,
i
andsha
llnotbemo
ret
han0.
45i
ntheseve
reco
ldr
egi
onandco
ldr
egon.Thes
i lumpsa
tthei
nle
tof
t
hechu
teshou
ldbecon
tro
lledwi
thi o70mm,andt
n30mmt hea
ircon
ten
toft
heconc
ret
esha
llbe
con
tro
lledwi
thi
n4% t
o6%.

6.
3.8.
8 Thef
aceshou
ldemp
loys
ing
le-
laye
rtwo
-wayr r.Ther
eba eba
rshou
ldbea
rrangedi
nthe
mi
ddl
epa
rtoft
hef
acesec
tion,t
her
ein
for
cemen
tra
tioi
neachd
irec
tionshou
ldbe0.
3%t
o0.
4% and
t
hehor
izon
talr
ein
for
cemen
tra
tiomaybel
owe
rthant
heve
rti
calr
ein
for
cemen
tra
tio.
Theext
rus
ion
-
r
esi
sti
ngcons
truc
tiona
lre
inf
orcemen
tsshou
ldbea
rrangedonbot
hsi
deso
ftheve
rti
calj
oin
toft
he
pe
riphe
ralj
oin
toft
heh
ighdamandad
jacen
tpe
riphe
ralj
oit.
n

6.
3.8.
9 The mi
xpr
opo
rti
on oft
he f
ace conc
ret
e sha
llbe op
t zed.Qua
imi li
ty add
iti
ves and
admi
xtu
resshou
ldbeusedt
oreducet
hecemen
tcon
ten
tandl
essent
het
empe
rat
urer
iseofhyd
rat
ion
hea
tandcon
trac
tiond
ist
ort
ion,andt
opr
even
tpane
lcr s.
ack

3.
6.8.
10 Thef
ounda
tionsu
rfa
ceo
fthef
aces
labsha
llbesmoot
hove
ral,andsha
l llbef
reef
roms
ig-
n
ifi
can
tfl
uct
uat
ions;nodeepp
ito
rsha
rp bumpssha
llbef
ormedl
oca
lly.Thes
idef
orm sha
llbe
s
tra
i t.
gh

3.
6.8.
11 Thef
aceconc
ret
eshou
ldbep
lacedi
nthel
ow-
tempe
rat
ur son;t
esea hep
lacemen
ttempe
r-
a
tur
eoft
heconc
ret
esha
llbecon
tro
lledand measu
ressha
llbet
aken whennecessa
ryt
oreducet
he
l
pacemen
ttempe
rat
ure.

3.
6.8.
12 Af
termou
lds
tri
ppng,t
i hef
aceconc
ret
esha
llbet
ime
lycove
red wi
thhea
tpr
ese
rva
tion
andmo
ist
uri
zing,andsha
llbekep
tcon
tinuous
ly mo
istf
orma
inenance.
t Itsha
llbep
reven
tedf
rom
i
nso
lat
ion,s
tr nd,co
ong wi ldwaveandco
ldimpac
tofcu
ring wa
terun
tilt
her
ese
rvo
iri
sfi
ll
ed wi
th
wa
terora
tleas
tfr90days.Theex
o t
erna
lhea
tpr
ese
rva
tionsha
llbee
ffec
tive
lype
rfo
rmedf
ort
he
f
aceconc
ret
eint
heco
ldr
egi
onun
tilt
her
ese
rvo
iri
sfi
ll
edwi
thwa
ter.

3.
6.8.
13 Whent
hef
acec
rackwi
dthi
smor
ethan0.
2 mmort
hec
racki
sjudgedt
obeapene
tra
ting
c
rack,spec
ialmeasu
ressha
llbet
akenf
ort
rea t;f
tmen oraconc
ret
efacer
ock
fil
ldami
nseve
reco
ld
r
egon,t
i het
rea
tmen
tst
anda
rdf
orf
acec
rack
ssha
llbes
tri
ctl
yde
te ned.
rmi

57
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

3.
6.9 Jo
intand wate
rstop

3.
6.9.
1 Thej
oin
tsofconc
ret
efa
cer
ock
fil
ldamsha
llbeequ
ipped wi
thcoppe
rwa
ter
-st
ops
tri
psa
t
t
hebot
tom.

● Thecoppe
rwa
ter
-st
ops
tri
psshou
ldbe madeo
ffi
necoppe
rco
iled ma
ter
ialwi
thane
longa
tion
per
cent
ageno tles han20% ,andf
st ormedons
itebycomp
ress
ion;t
het
rans
iti
onj
oin
tsshou
ld
bespec
ial
ly machned;t
i het
hicknessshoul
dbe0.
8 mmto1mm.

● Thet
ens
iles
treng
th,e
longa
tiona
tbr
eak,Sho
reha
rdnessandb
rit
tlenesst
empe
rat
ureoft
hePVC
wa
ter
-st
ops
tri
psandr
ubbe
rwa
ter
-st
ops
tri
pssha
llmee
tthedes
ignr
equ
iremen
ts.

3.
6.9.2 Thebot
tom coppe
r wa
ter
-st
ops
trps,t
i he mi
ddl
ePVCorr
ubbe
r wa
ter
-st
ops
tri
pssha
ll
f
ormani
ndependen
tenc
losedwa
ters
topsys
tem.

3.
6.9.
3 Thegaske
tssha
llbei
nst
all
eda
tthebot
tomoft
hecoppe
rwa
ter
-st
ops
trp.
i Theb
itumi
nized
l
pankoro
the
rhi
gh-
str
eng
thi
nfi
llpane
lssha
llbei
nst
all
edi
nthepe
riphe
ralj
oin
ts.

3.
6.9.
4 Thet
ens
iona
lve
rti
calj
oin
tssha
llbea
rrangedi
nthef
aces
labnea
rtwoabu
tmen
tso
fthe
damandt
hecomp
ress
iveve
rti
calj
oin
tssha
llbea
rrangedi
nthef
aces
labi
ntheot
hera
reas.The
quan
tit
yoftensi
onalverti
calj
oin
tssha
llbedete
rminedaccor
dingtothegeo
log
icalandtopog
raph
ica
l
cond
itons,wi
i t
hr e
ferencetothest
ress-
str
aincal
cul
ati
onresult
sandincombina
tion wi
ththeengi
-
nee
ringexpe
rience.

3.
6.9.
5 Thef
il
li
ng ma
ter
ial
sshou
ldno
tbeusedi
ntheve
rti
calj
oin
ts;t
hej
oin
tsu
rfacesha
llbecoa
-
t
edwi t
hat hi
nlayerofaspha
ltemul
sionoro t
heranti
-bond
ing ma
ter
ias.Theve
l rt
ica
ljo
intssha
llbe
wit
hinthescopeofabou
t0. 6 mf
romt henormald
irect
ionoftheper
ipher
alj
oin ,
t andshal
lbevert
i-
ca
ltot
hepe
riphe
ralj
oin
ts.

3.
6.9.
6 Thebo
ttomcoppe
rwa
ter
-st
ops
tri
pssha
llbei
nst
all
edf
ort
hecomp
res
siveve
rti
calj
oin
ts.
Thega
ske
tsandmor
tarcush
ionsha
llbea
rrangeda
tthebot
tomoft
hecoppe
rwa
ter
-st
ops
trp.The
i
s
treng
thoft
hemo
rta
rsha
llbet
hes
amea
stha
toft
hef
aceconc
ree.
t

6.3.
9.7 Necessa
ryexpans
ionj
oin
tsshal
lbea r
rangedfortheuppertoeslaboftherockf
oundat
ion
acco
rdingtothetopog
raphi
corgeol
ogi
calcondit
ionsa
fterexcava
ti ,
on andtheysha
llbestagge
red
wi
tht
heve
rti
calj
oin
toft
hef
ace.Theexpans
ionj
oin
twi
llnotbef
il
ledwi
tht
hef
il
li
ng ma
ter
ial
sbu
t
t
hej
oin
tsu
rfacesha
llbecoa
tedwi
that
hinl
aye
rofaspha
ltemu
lsi
onoro
the
ran
ti-
bond
ing ma
ter
ias.
l
Onewa
ters
topsha
llbea
rrangedandac
losedwa
ters
topsys
temsha
llbef
ormedwi
tht
hewa
ter
-st
op
s
tri
psandbed
rockoft
hesu
rround
ingj
oin
ts.

6.3.
9.8 Theexpans
ionjoi
ntsshal
lbear
rangedfort
heuppert
oeslabi
ntheal
luv
ialdepos
itandrock
foundat
ionwi
thgeolog
ica
ldefecs;t
t hest
ructu
reofthej
oin
tssha
llbet
hesameasthethatoftheup-
58
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

pe
rtoes
labont
her
ockf
ounda
tion.

6.3.
9.9 I
naddit
iontothebot
tomcopperwate
r-s
topstrps,t
i hejo
intsbetweenthe wave wal
land
thefaces
labsha
llbef
il
ledwi
thpr
e-l
past
ici
zedf
lexib
lef
il
ler;whentheel
evat
ionofthi
sj o
intishigh
-
e
rthant
heno
rma
lrese
rvo
irl l,t
eve hep
re-
plas
tic
izedf
lex
ibl
efi
ll
eri
nthemi
ddl
eandl
owe
rpa
rtsof
o
jin
tsmaybesubs
tit
utedwi
thaspha
ltimp
regna
tedp
lank.

3.
6. 9.
10 Whenthef acesl
abisconnec
tedtothespil
lwayorthes i
dewa llofot
he rst
ruc
t ues,t
r he
o
jin
tssha
llbedes
ignedaccord
ingtotheper
iphe
ralj
oint ,
s andmeasuresshal
lbetakentoreduced
is-
l
pacemen
toft
her
ock
fil
lma
ssa
tthej
oin
tbot
tom.

3.
6. 9.
11 I
fthefaces
labistobeconcre
tedbystages,the
rearerequ
iremen
tsforcons
truc
tiont
ech
-
no
logyoracc
iden
tsoccurdu
ringpour
i ,
ng theconst
ruct
ionjo
intssha
llbearanged.
r

3.
6.10 Damfoundat
ionexcavat
ion

3.
6.10.
1 Theexcava
tionsu
rfa
ceo
fthet
oes
labf
ounda
tionsha
llbesmoo
th,andbekep
tawayf
rom
steepr
idgesandadve
rseslopes.Whentherearesteepridgesandadve
rseslopesobs
truct
ingtherol
l-
i
ngcompac t
ionofthecush
i onl
ayermat
e r
ia ,
lt heyshal
lbet rea
tedbyslopecutt
ingorconcr
eteback-
f
il
lng,o
i rthepos
iti
onoft
het
oes
labsha
llber
e-ad
jus
ted.

6.
3.
10.
2 Theups
treams
ides
lopeabovet
hee
leva
tiono
fthet
oes
labsha
llbedes
ignedaspe
rmanen
t
s
ides
lope.

3.
6. 10.
3 Whenthedownst
reamtoesl
abareai
sexcava
tedontheuppe
rs ope,i
l t
sg r
adi
entshal
lbe
l
essthant
hatoft
hesur
face;wheniti
sconnect
edtothedownsl
opeexcavat
ion,thegr
adien
tshal
l
notbemor
et 5.
han1∶0.

3.
6.10.
4 Ther
ock
fil
ldambodymaybea
rrangedont
hewea
the
redr
ockf
ounda
tion,andt
hemodu
lus
ofde
forma
tionsha
llno
tbel
esst
hant
hatoft
her
ock
fildambody.
l Ther
ock
fil
lfounda
tionwi
thi
nthe
scopeofabout0.3t
o0. 5timest
hedamheightonthedownstr
eams i
deo ft
hetoeslabshou
ldhave
rel
ati
vel
yl ow compress
ibi
li
ty.Aft
erexcava
tion,no adve
rse s
lope orst
eep r
idge g
reat
erthan
1∶0.
25a rea
llowedtohi
ndert
heroll
ingcompac
tionoftherock
fil;t
l herequ
iremen
tsforthecom-
pr
ess
ibi
li
tyofr es
tpa
rtsoft
hefoundat
ionmaybel owe
red,anditisonl
ynecessa
rytomeetthest
a-
b
il
ityr
equ
iremen
tso
fanexcava
teds
lopea
fte
rexcava
tion.

3.
6.10.
5 Whent
hebanks
lopeo
fther
ive
rva
lleyi
sgr
eat
ert °,t
han45 heexcava
tiong
rad
ien
tofbot
h
bank
sups
treamo
fthedamax
issha
llbespec
ial
lyde
termi
nedt
oge
the
rwi
tht
hea
rrangemen
toft
he
l
owcomp
ress
iona
reai
nther
ock
filbody.
l

3.
6. 10.
6 Theexcava
tionofthesand
-gravell
aye
roft
hedamf
ounda
tionsha
llbede
termi
nedt
hrough
de
tail
edexp
loi
tat
ion,testanddemonst
raton.
i
59
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

3.
6.11 Damfoundat
iont
reatment

3.
6. 11.
1 Ifthebedr
ockwit
hinthescopeofthetoeslabissub
jecttoun
f avou
rablegeolog
icalcond
i-
t
ionssuch a
s af au
lt,f
ractu
re zone and wea
ki n
te r
cala
tedl r,t
aye heirinf
luence on t
he dam
f
ounda
tionaft
erseepage,seepagedef
orma
tionandcor
ros
ionshal
lbestudiedinaccor
dance wit
h
t
hei
roccurence,s
r ca
leandcomposit
ionmat
eria
lssoast
odete
rminethea
llowabl
ehydrau
licgr
adient
ofthebed
rockbenea
ththetoesab,an
l ti
-seepaget
reatmentandseepagecontrolmeasu
res (suchas
concr
etepl ,
ug cut
-offwal,
l wid
thincr
easeo ftoesl
abo rdownst
reaman t
i-seepages
l ,
ab a swe l
las
r
pot
ect
ionont
heups
treamanddowns
treams
ideswi
thf
il
terma
ter
ial).

3.
6. 11.
2 Theconsol
idat
iong r
out
ingandcurta
ingr
outingf
orbed
rockbenea
ththet
oes labsha
llbe
pr
operl
ydes
igned.Consol
ida
tiongrou
tingsha
l ,
lbepaved 2to4r owsshoul
dbearrangedandthe
dep
thsha
llnotbel
esst
han5m.

3.
6.11.
3 Thecu
rta
ing
rou
tingsha
llbea
rrangedi
nthemi
ddl
eoft
het
oes
lab,andmaybecomb
ined
withtheconso
lida
tion g
rou
ting.Thecur
tai
ngrout
ing ho
lesshou
ld bea
rrangedi
n oner ow.The
cu
rtai
ndepthmaybe5mdeepi n
torockmasswi
thpermeabi
li
tyof5Luto10Lu,ordetermineda
c-
cord
ingtothedamheight( o1/2).
1/3t Theseepagecontroloft
heabutmen
tsonbo thbankssha
llbe
pr
ope r
lype
rformed.Unde
rcomplexhyd
rogeol
ogicalcond
itons,o
i rwhenthebur
ialdepthoftherel
a-
t
ive con
fin
ing bed i
sre
lat
ive
ly deep,t
he impe
rvi
ous cu
rta
in sha
ll be spec
ial
ly des
igned i
n
comb
ina
tionwi
ths
imi
lareng
inee
ringexpe
rience.

6.3.
11.4 Int
heg r
outi
ngdesgn,t
i hespeci
almeasu
resshal
lbespec
ifi
edt
oimprovethedurab
il
ityof
thegrout
edcurt
ainandtheg
rout
ingpressu
reonthesur
facebedr ,
ock whi
chsha
llbever
ifi
edthrough
r
gou
tingt
est.

3.
6. 11.
5 Whenthetoeslabi
sa r
rangedonthesand
-gravell
aye
roftheri
verbed,theconcre
tecu t-
of
fwa lmaybeused;t
l hebottomo fthecu
t-o
ffwallshal
lbeembeddedint
othesl
i ht
l
g y -weather
e d
bed
rock.Thef
il
terp
rot
ect
ionoft
heseepagees
cap
inga
reaaswe
llast
heconnec
tionbe
tweent
het
oe
s
labandt
hecu
t-o
ffwa
llsha
llbep
rope
rlydes
igned.

3.
6.11.
6 Whent
het
oes
labi
sar
rangedont
hek
ars
tfounda
tion,i
tsan
ti-
seepaget
rea
tmen
tme
thod
i
sthes
ameast
hato
ftheg
rav
itydamf
ounda
tioni
nthek
ars
treg
ion.

3.
6.12 Dambodyca
lcu
lat
ion

6.3.
12.
1 Whent heconcre
tef
acer
ock
fil
ldamhasoneoft
heca
sesbe
low,t
hecor
respond
ings
tab
il
i-
tyanal
ysi
ssha
llbeperfo
rmed:

a) t
heweakint
ercal
atedlayerexist
sinthedamfoundat
ionorthe
rea
ref
ine
-sand,s
il
torc
layl
aye
rs
t
hatex
isti
nt hesand-
g rave
llayerofthedamfoundat
ion;

b) t
hepeakg
rounda
cce
ler
ati
oni
sgr
eat
ert
hanorequa
lt 2g;
o0.
60
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

c) duri
ngthecons
truc
tionperod,t
i he wate
rover
flowstherockf
ildam,o
l rtherock
fil
ldam body
re
tainswat
erorreal
izesf
loodpr
o t
ecti
onwiththecush
ionlaye
randtempo
rarysect
ion,andthe
wa
terr
eta
ini
ngdep
thi
sre
lat
ive
lydeep;

d) t
hedambodyi
sma
inl
yfi
ll
edwi
thso
ftr
ockma
ter
ias;
l

e) t
het
opog
raph
iccond
iti
onsa
reun
favou
rab
le.

3.
6.12.
2 TheSwed
ishc
ircu
lara
rc me
thodo
rsl
idi
ng wedge me
thod maybeusedt
oca
lcu
lat
ethe
s
tab
il
ityoff
acer
ock
fil
ldam.Thes
afe
tyf
act
orofan
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tysha
llbeasf
olows.
l

a) Norma
lope
rat
ingcond
iti
onssucha
sas
tab
leseepagepe
riodandnorma
lwa
terl
eve
lfa
lla
reno
l
esst
han1.
15.

b) Abnorma
lope
rat
ingcond
iti
onssucha
scons
truc
tionpe
riod,norma
lope
rat
ionandea
rthquakea
re
no
tlesst
han1.
05.

3.
6.12.
3 Whent
het
hicknesso
fthet
oes
labi
sgr
eat
ert
han2mort
heh
igh
-toewa
lli
sadop
ted,t
he
stabi
li
tycal
cula
tionandst
ressana
lysi
sshal
lbeperf
ormed.Thestabi
li
tyofthetoesl
abshallbeca
lcu
-
l
at edwit
ht heri
gidbodyl
imitequi
li
brium me
thod.I
nthecal
cul
ation,thea
c t
ionoftheanchorba
rof
t
hetoesl
abandthef
orcetr
ansf
erbetweenthefaceandthetoesl
abwillnotbeincuded,bu
l tt
heac-
t
iveea
rthpr
essu
reofrock
fil
lonthetoeslabmaybei nc
l ,
uded orthel
ater
alpressureapp
liedtot
he
f
acebyt
her
ese
rvo
irwa
terp
ressu
remaybei
ncuded.
l

3.
6.13 Ea
rthquaker
esi
stantmeasu
res

3.
6.13.
1 Whent
hepeakg
rounda
cce
ler
ati
oni
sgr
eat
ert
hanorequa
lt 2g,t
o0. hef
oll
owi
ngea
rth
-
quaker
esi
stan
tmea
sur
esshou
ldbet
aken.

a) Adop
trel
ati
velyala
rgedamcr
estwi d
thandadamslopewhichi
sgen
tleontheuppe
rpartbu
tis
st
eeponthelowerpat,anda
r r
rangethebencha
tthepos
iti
onwherethedamslopeva
ries.

b) Imp
rovet
hes
tab
il
ityo
fthes
lopet
opbyus
ingho
rizon
talr
ein
for tmesh.
cemen

c) Adop
tar
ela
tive
lyl
ow wavewa
llandt
akemeasu
rest
oimp
rovet
hes
tab
il
ityoft
hewavewa
ll.

d) Takei
ntoa
ccoun
ttheadd
iti
ona
lse
ttl
emen
toft
hedamandf
ounda
tionunde
rtheea
rthquake’
s
a
cti
onwhende
termi
ningt
hef
reeboa
rdo
fthedambody.

e) I
ncr
easet
hecompac
tiondens
ityoft
her
ock
fil
lma
ter
ial
sfo hedambody,pa
rt rti
cul
arl
ythecom-
pac
tiondens
itya
tthepos
iti
onwi
thasuddenchangei
nte
rra
in.

f) I
ncr
easet
hewi
dtho
fthecush
ionl
aye
raea.Whent
r hebanks
lopei
sve
rys
teep,i
tisnecess
ary
61
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

t
oappropr
iate
lyextendt
heleng
tho fthecontac
tbetweenthecush
ionlaye
rma
ter
ial
sandbed
-
ock,andr
r educet
hemax imum gr
ains
i zeoft
hecushi
onlayermate
ria
ls.

g) I
tisnecess
aryt
ose
lec
tseve
ralve
rti
calj
oin
tsi
nthemi
ddl
epa
rto
fthef
ace,andf
il
ltheaspha
lt
imp
regna
tedp
lankoro
the
rhi
gh-
str
eng
thandcomp
ress
ibl
ein
fil
lpane
lint
hej
oin
ts.

h) I
ncr
easet
her
ein
for
cemen
tra
tioo
fthet
opf
acei
nthemi
ddl
eoft
heva
lley,pa
rti
cul
arl
yther
ein
-
f
orcemen
tra
tioont
hes
lopef
ace.

3.
6. 13.2 Whenf i
ll
ingt
hedam body withsandandgrave
lmate
rias,i
l tisnecessa
rytoinc
rea
sethe
dr
ainagecapa
cit
yo fthedr
ainagea
r ;
ea p ressthedownst
reamsl
ope wit
hb igrockbl
ocksorfi
llt
he
downs
treamdams
lopewi
thr
ock
fil
lma
ter
ias.
l

3.
6.14 Stageconst
ruct
ion

3.
6.14.
1 Thes
tagef
il
li
ngofr
ock
fil
ldamsha
llbep
lannedaccor
dingt
othef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) Thecushi
onl ayermater
ial
sandt r
ansi
tiona
lma te
ria
lsshal
lbefi
ll
edupi
nsynch
rony wi
tht
he
rock
fil
lmate
rialsfort
headjacen
tpars(
t atleas
t20m wi de).

b) Theconnec
tiong
rad
ien
tbe
tweenr
ock
fil
lma
ter
ial
ssha
llnotbemor
et 3,andt
han1∶1. heg
rad
i-
en
tofna
tur
als
andyg
rave
lma
ter
ial
ssha
llno
tbemor
et 5.
han1∶1.

c) Thet
empo
rar
yrampf
ordam ma
ter
ial
str
anspo
rta
tionmaybea
rrangeda
srequ
iredi
nther
ock
fil
l
a
rea.

d) Whentherock
fil
ldam bodyisusedf orf
loodpreven
tionorthef
loodi
ngflowsoverthedam
face,t
hefi
ll
ingzonesandstagessha
llbeadapt
ivetothefl
oodcont
rolrequ
iremen
ts.

3.
6. 14.
2 Whenthee
leva
tiono
fthefoundat
ionsur
faceofthetoesl
abislowert
hanthefoundat
ion
el
evati
ono
fther
ockf
ildambody,t
l hedra
inagemeasur
esshal
lbedes
ignedfo
rthecons
truc
tionperi
-
odoft
her
ock
fildambody.
l

6.3.
14.
3 Befor
epour
ingconcr
eteface,i
tispermi
ssi
bletouset
herockfi
lldam bodyortempor
ary
sect
ionfo
rfl
oodre
tent
ionandprot
ecton,bu
i tt
herequi
remen
tsofan
ti-
sli
ps t
abi
li
tyandseepagest
a-
b
il
itysha
l t.
lbeme

3.
6.14.4 Whent herockf
il
ldamisusedf
orfl
oodret
enti
onandprot
ect
ion,oneoft
hemeasu
ressuch
asro
ll
ing
-compa
ctiono fl
ow-st
reng
thmorta ,
r sho
tcret
eo rsp
ray
ingcati
oni
cemuls
ifi
eda
sphal
tshal
l
beimp
lemen
tedont
heups
treams
lopeo
fthecush
ionl
aye
rar
eaf
ors
loper
ein
for t.
cemen

3.
6.14.
5 I
tisa
llowedf
ort
hewa
tert
ofl
owove
rther
ock
fil
ldambodydu
ringt
hecons
truc
tionpe
ri-
odi
fthes
lopesu
rfacehasbeenp
rot
eced.
t
62
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

3.
6.14.
6 Whent
hewa
terf
lowsove
rther
ock
fildambody,i
l tsha
llbeab
let
ores
istt
hes
cou
ringof
waterfl
owt othedamf aceandf
ounda
tion.I
nt hedesi
gno ftheprot
ect
ive measuresfordamface
ove
rflowing,a
tten
tionshal
lbepa
idtoprotec
tingtheconnect
ionbe
tweenther ock
filldambodyand
bot
hbank
saswe
llast
hepa
rtsnea
rthedowns
tr oe.
eamdamt

6.
4 Ro
lledea
rth
-rockdam

4.
6.1 Gene
ralp
rov
isi
ons

4.
6.1.
1 Thedams
iteshou
ldbese
lec
tedonbed
rockwi
thas
imp
legeo
log
ics
truc
tue,orsandand
r
gr
ave
lf oundat
ionwi
thminimalthi
cknessordenseso
ilfounda
tion.Thedamsi
teshou
ldnotbese
lect-
edonthes tr
ongl
ypermeabl
es and-r
gavell
ayerwith wideth
icknes ,
si nt
hekar
stdevel
opedregi
on
noront
hese
rious
ly wea
the
redr
ocks
tra
tum,ac
tivef
aul
tzoneandsof
tfounda
tion;i
funavo
idab
le,
t
het
rea
tmen
tmeasu
ressha
llbeimp
lemen
ted.

4.
6. 1.2 Ther o
lledear
th-
rockdam mayadoptthetypeso ftheea r
thandr ock
fil
ldam wi
thea
rth-
basedan
tiseepagebody,ea
- rt
handrock
fil
ldam wi
tharti
fic
ialant
i-seepagebodyandove
rfl
oweart
h
andr
ock
fil
ldam.

a) Fortheear
thandrock
fildam,t
l heea
rth-
basedant
i-seepagebody maybepl
acedinthe mi
ddl
e
par
to hedam body(
ft i.
e.t
hecoreear
th-
rockf
ildam),andt
l heres
to ft
hedam bodyshal
lbe
fi
ll
ed with pe
rmeab l
e mater
ias(
l sand,sand
-gr
avelmater
ialorrock
fil
lmat
eri
al).I
ncasethe
earth
-basedanti
-seepagebodyloca
t esontheupst
ream s
ideo ft (
hedam body i.
e.thes
lop
ing
coreeart
h-r
ockf
ildam),andt
l hentheres
toft
hedambodyshal
lbefil
ledwit
hpe rmeab
lemater
i-
al (
s s ,
and sand
-grave
lmater
ialorrockf
il
lmate
ria )
l .Ther
ela
tive
lyt h
icksand
- r
gave
llaye
ror
r
ock
fil
llaye
ral
somaybea
rrangedont
heups
treams
ideoft
heea
rth
-ba
sedi
ncl
inedwa
ll.

b) Theanti
-seepagebodyo ft
heeart
handrock
fil
ldam withar
tif
icia
lanti
-seepagebodymayempl
oy
re
inf
orcedconc r
ete,aspha
ltconc
ret
eandgeomemb rane;therestofthedambody maybefi
ll
ed
wit
hs and
-gr
avelmate
ria
lsandrock
fil
lma t
e r
ias.Thean
l ti-
seepagebody maybel
oca
tedonthe
ups
treamsurfce,i
a nt he mi
ddl
eori nthe middl
e-t
o-ups
tream par
tofthedam.Whenthepeak
r
goundacce
ler
ati
oni
sgr
eat
ert
hano
requa
lt 1g,t
o0. her
igi
dcor
ewa
llshou
ldnotbeadop
tedi
n
se
ismi
car
eas.

4.
6.2 Damconst
ruct
ionmate
ria
ls

4.
6.2.
1 Theso
ilandr
ockma
ter
ial
sfordambu
ild
ingsha
llbese
lec
tedi
naccor
dancewi
tht
hef
oll
ow-
i
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) Thesoilandrockmate
ria
lsf orf
il
li
ngthedambodyshal
lhavethephysi
calandmechan
ica
lpr
op-
er
tiesadapt
ivetothe
irint ,
endeduse andhaver
ela
tive
lygoodlong
-te
rms tab
il
ity.

b) Unde
rthep
remi
seofnoti
nfl
uenc
ingt
heeng
inee
rings
afe
ty,t
hema
ter
ial
snea
rthedams
iteand
63
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

t
hema
ter
ial
sexcava
tedf
romt
hep
roec
j ts
truc
tur
esshou
ldbeusedf
irt.
s

c) Ea
syf
orexcava
tionandt
ranspor
tat
ion.

4.
6. 2.
2 Theso
ilma t
eri
alwit
hwater
-solub
lesal
tcon
tentgreate
rt han5% ,orwit
horgan
iccontent
gr
eate
rthan5% ,d
ryhardcay,d
l ispers
ivesoi
landsof
tclayshouldnotbeusedtodamconst
ruc
tion.

4.
6. 2.
3 Theant
i-seepagebod
iesmaybef
il
ledwi
thcohes
iveso
ilandg
rave
llyso
il(
inc
lud
ing wea
th-
er
edrockmat
eri
al.)

● Thepermeabi
li
tycoef
fic
ienta
fte
rcompac
tionshou
ldnotbe mor
et han1×10-5 mm/sfo
rt he
homogeneousear
t ;
hdam andshoul
dno
tbemo ret /
han1×10 mm sf
-6
ort
hecor
ewa l,
lincl
ined
wa
llandb
l t.
anke

● Theant
i-seepagebod
iesshouldbefil
ledwithso
ilmater
ialwit
haplas
tic
ityindexIP=7-20;i
fsoil
mate
ria
lwi thalowerplas
tic
ityindexisused,i
tisnecessa
rytoapprop
riat
elyinc
reasetheth
ick
-
nessoft
hean
ti-
seepagebodyandbu
ildt
hef
il
terp
rope
rly.

● Themo
ist
urecon
ten
toft
heso
ilma
ter
ialshou
ldbec
loset
otheop
timum mo
ist
urecon
t t;t
en he
so
ilshou
ldbeapp
rop
ria
tel
ytr
eat
edi
fthe
rei
sas
ign
ifi
can
tdi
ffe
rence.

6.4.
2.
4 Wi t
hregardtogr
avel
lysol(
i i
ncl
uding wea
t he
redrockmater
ial)f
ort
hean t
i-seepagebody,
thecon
ten
to fpar
tic
leswithagra
insi
zeo fmor ethan5 mm shou
ldno tbegrea
tert han50% ,the
con
tentofpar
ticl
eswithagrai
ns i
zesmal
lert
han0.074mmshouldnotbelessthan15% ,themaxi-
mum par
tic
lesizeshou
ldnotexceed150mmo /
r2 3ofso
ilpav
ingth
i ,
ckness andthephenomenonof
coa
rsepa
rti
cleconcen
tra
tionsha
l r.
lbeoccu

4.
6. 2.
5 Ifthenatu
ralimperv
iousso
ilmater
iali
sinsu
ffi
cien
tinl oca
larea,t
hecohesi
vesol,s
i andy
so
ilandg
ravel
-cobble,oramixtu
reofcohes
ivesoi
landgravel
-cobblemaybeused,butt
heysha
llbe
un
ifo
rml xed.
y mi

6.4.
2.6 Whenusi
ngthegrave
lso
il(inc
lud
ing wea
theredrockma t
eri
al)orminera
ladmixt
ureast
he
impervi
ousmat
eri
alofdam,thegrad
ingscopeofsoi
lma t
e r
ialsha
llbeproposedthr
ought t.
es

4.
6. 2.
7 Thesl
opeel
uviall
ate
riteorl
ater
ite
-formso
ilwiths
tab
leg r
anula
rs tr
uctur
ehavehi
ghmo i
s-
tu
recont
entbutl
ow dr
ydens i
t ,
y wh i
letheshearst
reng
thisrel
ative
lyh i ,
gh t hepe
rmeabi
li
tyand
comp
ress
ibi
li
tyi
sre
lat
ive
l ow,sot
yl hatt
heycou
ldbeusedt
ofi
llt
hean
ti-
seepagebodyo
ftheea
rth
andr
ock
fil
ldam.

4.
6.2.
8 Whent
heexpans
iveso
ili
susedt
ofi
llt
hean
tiseepagebody,su
- ffi
cien
tpr
essu
rep
rot
ect
ive
l
aye
rsha
l t.
lbese

4.
6.2.
9 I
ftheco
llaps
ibl
eloessi
susedf
ordamcons
truc
tion,
itsor
igi
nals
truc
tur
esha
llbedamaged,
64
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

andt
hef
il
li
ngmo
ist
urecon
ten
tshou
ldbeequa
ltoors
ligh
tl r
ygea
tert
hant
heop
timum mo
ist
urecon
-
t
ent.

4.
6.2.10 Thefrozenear
thshou
ldnotbeusedfordamconstruc
tion.Whenfrozenea
rthisusedf
or
damcons
truc
tion,thecont
entoft
hefrozenea
rthbl
ockssha
llnotbemo r han10% ;t
et hedi
amete
r
oft
hemax
imumf
rozenea
rthb
locksha
llnotbe mo
r han1/2o
et ftheea
rthpav
ingt
hickness;t
he
mo
ist
urecon
ten
toft
hef
rozenea
rthshou
ldbeequa
ltoors
ligh
tlyl
esst
hant
hemo
ist
urecon
ten
tof
t
hep
las
ticl t.
imi

4.
6.2.
11 Thedamshe
llsha
llmee
tthedambodys
tab
il
ityandd
rai
nager
equ
iremen
ts.

● I
tshou
ldbef
il
ledwi
thmed
ium-
coa
rsesand,sandg
r l,r
ave ockba
lla
storr
ock
fil
lma
ter
ial.

● Theun
iform med
ium-
fines
andands
iltmaybeusedf
ort
hed
ryzoneo
fdamshe
ll.

● Wi
thr
ega
rdt
otheso
ft-
rockwea
the
redma
ter
ialwi
thr
ela
tive
lyl
ows
treng
th,t
heg
rada
tionva
ria
-
t
iona f
tercompact
ionaswellasthereduc
tionofstreng
thandwa te
rpermeabili
tyaf
terbeingim-
mersedin wate
rshallbe consi
dered,and such mater
ialshou
ld be used onthe app
ropri
ate
pos
iti
ono
fthedamshe
ll.

● Ther
ock ma
ter
ial
s wi
thr
ela
tive
lyh
ighcomp
ress
ives
treng
thand wea
the
rres
ist
anceshou
ldbe
se
lec
tedf
ort
heups
treams
lopep
rot
ect
ionandd
rai
nagef
aci
li
ties.

● Thera
tioofthe max
imum edgel
engthto mi
nimum edgelengt
hoft her
ockblockshou
ldnotbe
morethan2.
0t; hed
iame
terand we
ightoftherockma t
eria
lssha
llbeablet
o meettherequ
ire
-
men
tsf
orwaver
esi
stance.

4.
6.2.12 The med
ium-coa
rsesand,nat
uralsand
-gr
ave
lmater
ialorscr
eened ma
ter
ialorr
olledr
ock
mate
ria
lsshou
ldbeusedforthefi
ltr,cush
e i
onlaye
randt
rans
iti
onlayero hedam;t
ft hegr
aincom-
pos
iti
onsha
llbeab
letomeetthean
ti-
fil
tra
tiondra
inagerequir
emen
ts.Theysha
llbes
tab
leove
rthe
l
ongtermandthesi
ltcon
t t(
en d<0.1 mm)sha l
lbel essthan5%.

6.
4.2.
13 Thegeomembraneforanti
-seepageandthegeotexti
lef orant
i-f
ilt
rati
ond r
ainageinthe
ea
rthandr
ock
fil
ldamsha
llmee
tt hephysi
calandmechan
ica
lp r
ope r
ties,hydraul
iccha
racteri
sti
csand
du
rab
il
ityco
rrespond
ingt
otheeng
inee
ringr
equ
iremen
ts.Theg
rai
ngr
ada
tionoft
hep
rot
ect
edso
il
sha
llmee
tthec
rit
eri
onofan
ti-
fil
tra
tiond
ranage.
i

4.
6.3 F
ill
ingstanda
rds

4.
6.3.
1 Thedam bodysha
llbedenseandun
iform,havesu
ffi
cien
tshea
rst
reng
th,r
ela
tive
lyl
ow
comp
ress
ibi
li
tyandmee
ttheseepagef
low con
tro
lrequ
iremen
ts.Thef
il
li
ngs
tanda
rdssha
llber
ea-
sonab
lyspecif
iedtomakethef
il
ledsoi
lcompact
ionmeetthes a
fet
yr equi
rementsandbeeconomi
cal
andreasonab
le.I
nthecons
truc
tionpr
ocess,t
hespeci
fiedfi
ll
ingstandar
dsshal
lber ev
iewedandre-
65
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

v
ised.

4.
6.3.
2 Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othecohes
iveso
il,t
hecompac
tedd
rydens
itysha
llbede
termi
nedi
nacco
rd-
ance wi
tht
he max
imum d
ry dens
ityoft
hes
tanda
rdcompac
tiont
est mu
lti
pli
edbyt
hedeg
reeof
compac
tion.Thedeg
reeofcompac
tionmaybef
rom0.
95t
o0.
97.
Themo
ist
urecon
ten
toft
hef
il
li
ng
so
ilsha
llbecon
tro
lledi
naccor
dancewi
tht
heop
timum mo
ist
urecon
ten
tandt
hea
llowab
ledev
iat
ion
sha
llbe ±3%.

4.
6.3.
3 Wi
thr
ega
rdt
otheg
rave
llyso
il,t
hecompac
tiont
estoft
heg
rosssamp
leshou
ldbepe
r-
f
ormedwit
hlarge
-sca
lecompac
tiontes
tapparat
ustoobtai
nthemaximumdr
ydensit
yandop
timum
moi
stu
recont
entfordif
fer
entcoar
seaggrega
te( d ≥5 mm)cont
ent,andthent
he max
imum dr
y
densi
tyismu l
tipl
iedbythedeg
reeofcompa c
tionf
rom0. 95t o0.97soastoobtai
nt hedr
ydens i
ty
forcont
rol
li
ngt hefi
ll
ingoft
hegrave
llyso
il.Whenthel
arge-scal
ecompact
iontes
tgi snotava
ilab
le,
i
tmaybede
termi
nedi
nthef
oll
owi
ngtwoca
sesaccor
dingt
othed
iff
eren
tcoa
rseagg
rega
tecon
-
t
ens.
t

a) Withregardtot
hegr
avel
lyso
ilwi
thacoar
seaggrega
teconten
tl essthan40% ,t
hepor
tionof
f
ineaggregae(
t d <5 mm)maybetakenforcompac
tiont
estt ode t
erminet
he max
imum dry
dens
ityandop
timum mo
ist
urecon
ten
toft
hef
ineagg
rega
te;t
hemax
imumd
rydens
ityandop
ti-
mum mois
tur
econt
entoft
hegrosssamp
leo
fg r
avel
lysoi
lwithd
iff
eren
tcoa rseaggrega
tecon-
t
entsha
llbewor
kedoutwitht
heFormul
as(11)and (
12),anda
remu l
til
piedbyt hedegreeof
compa
cti
ont
oob
tai
nthef
il
li
ngs
tanda
rdf
org
rave
llyso
il.

-1 …………………………(11 )
γdmax =
P (1-P)
+ ( )
Δs γd 0

ωop =ω0(
1-P) …………………………(12 )

whe
re

γdmax i
sthemax
imumd
rydens
ityoft
heg
rave
llyso
il,i
ng/cm3
r

P i
stheg
rave
lcon
ten
twi
thg
rai
nszed>5mm,ca
i lcu
lat
edi
ndec
ima
ls;

Δs i
stheg
rav
itydens
ity wi
thg
rai
nszed>5mm,i
i ng/cm3 ;
r

(
γd)
0 i
sthemax
imumd
rydens
ityoff
ine
-gr
ainedso
ilwi
thg
rai
nszed<5mm,i
i ng/cm3 ;
r

ωop i
stheop
timum mo
ist
urecon
ten
tofg
rave
llyso
il;

ω0 i
stheop
timum mo
ist
urecon
ten
toff
ine
-gr
ainedso
ilwi
thg
rai
nszed<5mm.
i
66
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

b) Wit
hrega
rdtotheg
ravell
yso
ilwithacoar
seaggrega
tecont
entgreate
rthan40% ,
iti
snecess
a-
r
ytocorr
ectt
hemax imumdrydensi
tyandoptimum moi
sturecont
entofthegrosssamp
le,or
app
rop
ria
tel
yreducet
hedeg
reeofcompac
tion.
Thef
il
li
ngs
tanda
rdssha
llbede
termi
nedont
his
bas
is.

6.4.
3.4 Thecompacti
onstandar
dsf orsandma
ter
ialands and
-gr
ave
lmate
ria
lshoul
dbecont
rol
ledi
n
acco
rdancewit
hrela
tivedensi
ty( Dr)andtheDri
sr equ
iredtobe≥0.7.Whenthetes
tda
taisi
nsuf
-
f
ici
ent,
itmaya l
sobecontr
oll
edwith(γd);i
tisrequi
redtha
tthesandma
terilγd=1600kg/m3t
a o
/ 3
;
1700kg m whe nt
hegr
avelcon
ten
tofthes
and-
grave
lmate
ria
lisf
rom40%t ,
o70% γd≥2000k /
gm
3

ista
kenaccor
dingt odi
ffer
en tgravelcon
ten
ts.Thecompac
tionstanda
rdf ort
herockf
il
lmat
eri
al
shoul
dbecontrol
ledinaccordance wi
ththepor
osi
t ( )
y n andi ti
sr equ
iredt tn equa
ha l
sto20%
t
o28%.

4.
6.4 Damfoundat
iont
reatment

4.
6.4.
1 Thesandandg
rave
lfounda
tiont
rea
tmen
tsha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) Theant
i-seepagecon
tr o
lofthedamf oundat
ionmaybeconstruct
edbycut
-of
ft ench,b
r l t,
anke
orhi
gh-pressur
ejetgrouti
ngtechno
logy;upontechn
ica
landeconomi
ccompar
ison,theconcre
te
cut
-off wal
lmaya sobeused.Thedowns
l tream d
rai
nagefac
il
iti
es mayi
ncl
udet hehor
izon
t a
l
dr
ainagelayer,d
rai
nagep
rism,dra
inaged
itchatdamt oe,r
eli
efwellandpermeabl
e wei
ghted
b
l t.
anke

b) Thecu
t-o
fft
renchwi
thopenback
fil
lcl
ayshou
ldbeused whent
hesandandg
rave
love
rbu
rden
t
hicknessi
slesst
han15m.

c) Thecut-
offtrenchshou
ldbelaidoutbenea
ththeant
i-seepagebody.Thecut
-of
ftrenchfort
he
homogeneousearthdam maybela
idoutinthewid
thrangeo /
f1 3dambottomfromthedamax -
i
stot
heups
tr oe.
eamdamt

d) Thebot
tom wi
dthofcu
t-o
fft
renchsha
llbede
termi
neda
cco
rdi
ngt
othepe
rmi
ssi
bleseepage
r
gad
ien
tfort
heba
ckf
il
ledea
rthma
ter
ial.

● Thea
llowab
lepe
rmeab
il
ityr
ati
osha
llbe3f
orl
igh
tloam,3t
o5f
orl
oamand5t
o7f
orc
lay.

● Themi
nimumbot
tom wi
dthsha
llnotbel
esst
han3.
0 m.

● Theexcava
tionsl
opef orthecut
-of
ftrenchshal
lbede te
rminedaccor
dingtotheshea
r
s
treng
thandtheexcava
tiondep
thofthecover
ing ma
ter
ia ,
l andmaybe1∶1. 5t
o1∶2.

● Thecu t-of
ftr
enchshou
ldbefil
ledup wi
ththesameearth ma
teria
last ha
to ftheant
i-
seepagebodyofthedambody,andi
tscompac
teddrydens
ityshal
lb et
h esameastha
to f
t
hean
ti-
seepagebodyo
fthedam body.Whent
heso
ilma
ter
ialandsandg
rave
loft
hedam
67
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

f
ounda
tiondoesnotmee
tthei
nve
rtedf
il
terr
equ
iremen
ts,t
hei
nve
rtedf
il
tersha
llbea
r-
r
angedont
hedowns
treamsu
rfa
ceoft
hecu
t-o
fft
rench.

e) Thedep
t ho
fcu t-of
ft r
enchembeddedi
ntothere
lat
iveconf
inngbed,impe
i rviousbedorweak-
weat
heredrock (
incl
udingr
ive
rbedandbothbanks)sha
llno
tbelesst
han0.5 m.I
fthef
rac
tures
a
redeve
lopedont
hesu
rfa
ceo ock,t
fbedr heymaybes
tuf
fedwi
thcemen
tmor
tar,oronel
aye
r
ofconc
ret
emaybel
aidt
osepa
rat
ethef
rac
tur
esf
romt
hef
il
li
ng ma
ter
ia fdambody.
lo Thebed
r
ocksmaybeg
rou
tedwhennecess
ary.

f) I
fthedamf
ounda
tioni
sont
hes
tra
tum wi
tht
hesandandg
rave
llaye
randaqu
ita
rdi
nte
rla
id,t
he
permeabi
li
tycoef
fic
ien
tdif
ferencebetweentheaqu
ita
rdandthes andandgrave
llayeri
s mor
e
than100t ,
imes andtheyarerela
tive
lythi
ckandconti ,
nuous theuppersandandg r
avell
ayer
maybeexcava
tedt
hroughandt
hecu
t-o
fft
renchmaybebu
iltont
hisaqu
ita
rd.

g) I
ft hesandandgravelover
burdenofthedamf oundati
onisrel
ati
velythick,i
tisveryd
iff
icu
ltto
excavatethecu
t-offtr
enchanditisnecessa
rytot akeve
rti
calanti
-seepagemeasu
res,thehigh
-
r
pessu
rej
etg
rou
ting mea
sur
esort
heconc
ret
ecu
t-of
fwa
llmaybeimp
lemen
ted.

h) I
fthesandandg
rave
love
rbu
rdeno
fthedamf
ounda
tioni
sre
lat
ive
lyt
hick,t
heups
treamb
lanke
t
mea
sur
esp
lust
hedowns
treaman
ti-
fil
tra
tiond
rai
nagemeasu
resmaybeimp
lemen
ted.

i) Fort
heb
lanke
tdes
ign,t
her
easonab
lel
eng
th,t
hicknessandpe
rmeab
il
itycoe
ffi
cien
toft
heb
lan
-
ke
tsha
llbede
termi
nedt
ocon
tro
ltheseepageg
rad
ien
tandt
heseepaged
ischa
rgef
ort
hedam
f
ounda
tionwi
thi
nthepe
rmi
ssi
bl ange.
er

● Thel
eng
tho
ftheb
lanke
tshou
ldnotbel
esst
han5t
imest
hewa
terhead.

● Thet
hicknesso
ftheups
treamendoft
heb
lanke
tshou
ldbe0.
5 mt 0 m,t
o1. het
hicknessa
t
t
heconnec
tionbe
tweeni
tsendandt
hean
ti-
seepagebodysha
llmee
tther
equ
iremen
tsf
or
seepagedi
schargef
ort
hedamf ounda
tionandt
hepe
rmi
ssi
bleseepageg
rad
ien
tfo
rtheb
lan
-
ket,butshoul
dnotbelesst
han2.5 m.

● Theblanke
tshal
lbef
il
ledwi
thcohes
iveso
ilwi
thape
rmeab
il
itycoe
ffi
cien
tequa
ltoorl
ess
than1×10 mm/s.
-5

j) Thes
ludgeandhumusont
heb
lanke
tfounda
tionsu
rfacesha
llbec
leanedt
hor
ough
ly.
Iti
sneces
-
sar
ytoexcavateintheblanketfounda
tionforsampl
ingandtolea
rnaboutit
sgr
aincomposit
ion.
Thefounda
tionsu
rfacesshallbecompa c
tedandleve
ll ,
ed andt
heresha
llbenograve
lconcen
tra
-
ton.Thean
i t
i-fi
ltr
ati
onpri
nci
p l
eshal
lbecompli
edwithbetweentheeart
hma t
eri
alfortheb
lan
-
ketandthesandandg r
avelforthedamfoundat
i ;
on ot
herwi ,
se thei
nvert
edfil
tersha
llbear
-
anged.
r

k) I
fthena
tur
also
ill
aye
risuseda
stheb
l t,i
anke tisnecessa
ryt
olea
rnabou
tit
sdi
str
ibu
tion,
68
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

t
hicknessandpe
rmeab
il
ity,andt
ode
termi
nei
tsan
ti-
seepagee
ffec
tsand whe
the
ranadd
iti
ona
l
a
rti
fic
ialb
lanketorotherre
inf
orcementmea
suresa
reneeded.Whentheso
ilisbo
rrowedfrom
t
hea r
eaupstream o
ft hedam,itshal
lbeborr
owedbeyondthecer
tai
nscopeoftheupst
ream
oe.
damt

l) I
fgeomemb
ranei
suseda
sbl
anke
tan
ti-
seepagema
ter
ial,
iti
sneces
sar
ytop
rope
rlypave,bond
andp
rot
ectt
hegeomemb
ranet
opr
even
titf
rombe
ingdamaged.

m) Aft
erblanke
ting,itisnecessa
ryt
opavethelooseso
ilo
rs l
agchargeonthesu
rfacef
orpr
otec-
tion.I
nt hepartthati
slikel
ytobescou
redbyt ,
hewave itisnecessa
ryt
opavetherockb
locks
ont
heb
lanke
tforp
rot
ect
ion.

n) I
ft hedamf ounda
tionseepagecanbecon t
rol
ledaft
ert hevert
ica
lant
i-seepage mea
su r
esa re
aken,t
t he downstream dra
inage measu
res may be approp
ria
tel
ysimp l
if
ied,and t he an
ti-
f
il
trat
iondra
inaged
itch may bearr
angedatthedam toe.Whenb l
anketseepageisused,t he
dra
inagef
acil
it
iesinc
ludi
ng the hor
izon
tald
r a
inagel
ayer,rock
fil
ld r
ainage pr
ism and an
t i
-
f
il
tra
tiond
rai
naged
itch maybea
rrangedont
hedowns
tream s
ide;andt
her
eli
efwe
llandt
he
downs
tream pe
rmeab
lewe
igh
tedb
lanke
tsha
llbea
rrangedwhennecessa
ry.

o) Thebo
ttomofa
llt
hed
rai
nagesys
temssha
llbea
rrangedont
hepe
rvi
ousf
ounda
tion.

● I
ft hesurf
aceofthedamfoundat
ioni
stheaqu
ita
rdwi
thna
rrowt
hickness,
iti
sneces
sar
yto
excavat
et hr
oughtheaqu
ita
rd ;

● I
ft heaqu
ita
rdi
sveryt
hick,itisal
lowab
letocons
tructt
here
lie
fwe l
lintotheperv
iousbed
andleadthewa
tert
othed r
ainagedit
chatt
hedowns t
reamdamt ;
oe thedepthofthere
lie
f
wa
lli
ntot
hepe
rvi
ousbedsha
llno
tbel
es han1/2o
st ft
hepe
rvi
ousbedt
hickness.

● Thedr
ainaged
itchsha
llhavesuff
ici
entdra
inagesect
ion,andthefi
lte
rdesignshal
lbeprop-
er
lyperf
ormed.Thetransve
rse (
vert
ica
ltoaxisdi
rect
ionofthedam)d r
ainagedi
tchsha
llbe
a
rrangedt
oleadt
hei
nfi
ltr
ati
onwa
tert
othedowns
treama
rea.

p) Theant
i-f
il
trat
iondra
inageshouldbe pavedi
nthefounda
tions
copedowns t
ream oft
hedam
wher
ethees capes
lopeisgreat
erthant hepe
rmi
ssi
blevaue.Whenneces
l sa
ry,thepermeab
le
we
igh
tedb
lanke
tsha
lla
lsobepaved,andt
hei
nve
rsef
il
ter
ingr
equ
iremen
tssha
llbe me
tbe
-
tweent
hepe
rmeab
lewe
igh
tedb
lanke
tandt
hef
ounda
tion.

4.
6.4.
2 Thel
ique
fiab
leso
ilandt
hesof
tso
ilf
ounda
tiont
rea
tmen
tsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
i-
l
pes.

a) Thepossib
il
ityofsei
smiclique
f act
ionshallbecons i
deredf
ort hesatura
teds i
lt,f
ine,medium
sandf
oundationaswellasthelesscohesi
veso l(
i suchassatu
ratedsandyl oamsol,s
i i
lty dy
san
l
oamso l,l
i ightl
oamandlightsil
tloam)f ounda
tioni nt
heearthquakeregion.
69
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

b) Thesoi
llaye
rwh i
chha sbeenjudgedtobel
ique
fiab
leshou
ldbeexcava tedandr
eplacedwit
hsoil
mate
ria
lmee ti
ng the requ
irements.I
fitisd i
ffi
cul
to r not economica
lto excavae,i
t ti
s
necessa
ryt otaker
ein
forcementmeasu
restoreacht
hedensest
ateadapti
vetothedesi
gnsei
s-
mici ntens
ity.The r e
info
rcement measu
res may inc
lude: sha
llow compac
tion, v
ibr
o-
densi
ficat
ionofthesur
facel
ayer,deepexplos
ion me
thod,dynami
ccompa c
tion me
thodoft
he
sandpile,vib
rat
ingandimpac
tingr
einf
orcementanddynami
cconsol
ida
tion.

c) I
fitisrequ
iredtobui
ldthedamonthesoftso
il,foundati
ontr
eatmentsha
llbeca
rri
edout;the
t
reatmentme t
hodsi
ncludesandr
epl
acemen ,
t suppress
ionpl
atfo ,
rm sand we
llp
lushor
izon
t a
l
d
rai
nageb
l t,v
anke ibr
ati
ngandimpac
tingr
ein
for
cemen
tandbedd
ing wi
thgeo
-syn
the
tics.

d) Thef
il
li
ngspeedoft
hedam bodysha
llbecon
tro
lledbyany me
thodusedt
otr
eatt
hesof
tso
il
f
ounda
tion.

4.
6.4.
3 Thet
rea
tmen
toft
heco
llaps
ibl
eloessf
ounda
tionsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) Forthecoll
aps
ibl
eloessfoundati
onwithsmal
lthi s,i
cknes tscol
lapsi
bil
ity maybeelimi
nat
edby
excava
tion,tu
rning
-pres
sing orsur
facecompac
tion.Unde
rt he pr
emiseo fensu
ringthedam
bodystab
il
ity,t
hesoi
llayerwi
thl
owe
rsurfa
cedrydensi
tyandg r
eat
erco
llaps
ibi
li
ty maybeex
-
cava
ted,andtheso
illayeroft
hel
owerpa
rtsha
llbereserved.

b) Whenthecol
laps
ibl
eloessofthedamf oundati
onisr e
lat
ive
lythck,t
i hefounda
tionshoul
dbe
trea
tedwiththepre
-soak
ing me
thod.Whent hethi
cknessoftheco
llaps
ibl
eloessexceeds15m,
thepre
-soaki
ngp r
ocessmaybeacce
ler
atedbydr
il
li
ngholeso
radeepve
rtica
lshaft.Thescope
ofthepre-
soaki
ngt r
eatmen
tsha
llbegrea
tert
hanthescopeoft
hedamfoundat
i ,
on andbeex-
t
endedupt
oonet
imet
heva
lueoft
hesoak
ingdep
thoft
heups
treamanddowns
treamd
irec
tions
oft
hedamf
ounda
tion.Thesoak
ingt
rea
tmen
toft
hedamf
ounda
tionsha
llbecomb
inedwi
tht
he
f
il
li
ngoft
hedambodyt
oinc
reaset
hewe
igh
tandacce
ler
atet
hewa
terco
llaps
ibi
li
ty.

c) Whenthedamf
oundat
ioni
scoll
apsi
bleloess,
itmaya
lsobetrea
tedbyt heheavytamp
ingmeth
-
od;t
henumberoftimestha
tt ampingisdoneanditsi
nfl
uencing dept
hshallbedete
rmi
ned
t
hrought
est.

d) Whentheco
llaps
ibl
eloessfounda
tionistrea
tedwiththev i
bro-
flot
ationmehod,t
t hespac
ingof
ho
les,ho
lediameterandho
l edepthshal
lbedetermined wit
hreferencet
oexper
iencefr
omt he
comp
let
edp
roec
j to
rth
rought
est.

e) Theunde
rgr
oundcav
ityl
ikes
inkho
le,an
ima
lfu
rrow,caveandbu
ria
lpi
tint
hedamf
ounda
tion
l
oes
ssha
llbeas
cer
tai
nedandt
rea
ted.

4.
6.4.
4 Ther
ockandk
ars
tfounda
tiont
rea
tmen
tsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Whent
hewa
terpe
rmeab
il
ityoft
her
ockf
ounda
tioni
sre
lat
ive
lyh
igh,wh
ichi
nfl
uencest
hewa
-
70
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

t
erf
il
li
ngaswe
llast
hesa
fet
yoft
hedam bodyanddamf
ounda
tion,t
het
rea
tmen
tmeasu
res
sha
llbeimp
lemen
ted.

b) Whenthei
ntens
ivebel
tofthejoi
ntfissu
r esorafaul
tfr
act
urezoneex i
stsint
her ockfoundat
ion
wi
thi
nthescopeofthedamfoundat
iono rcut
-offtench,t
r hecorrespondi
ngtrea
tmen tmea su
res
shal
lbedet
erminedacco
rdingt
otheiroccu
rrence,wi
dthanddepthas we
llastheinf
luenceof
pii
pngandcor
rosiononthedamfoundat
ionanddambody.Thetr
eatmentmeasu
r esi
nclude:

1) excava
tingaf
urr
owandback
fil
li
ngconc
ree;
t

2) i
ncr
eas
ingt
hebo
ttom wi
dtho
fthecu
t-of
ftench;
r

3) pav
ingt
hei
nve
rtedf
il
tera
ttheexposed pos
iti
onso
fthedowns
treamf
aul
tandf
rac
tur
e
zone.

c) Whenbu
ild
ingadami
ntheka
rstr
egon,t
i hehyd
rogeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onsa
swe
llast
heka
rstd
is-
t
ribu
tions
itua
tionoft
hedams
iteandi
tssu
rround
ingssha
llbeas
cer
taned.
i

d) Thek
ars
tfounda
tion maybet
rea
tedbycu
ttng,b
i lock
ing,en
trapp
ing,pav
ingandsepa
rat
ing.
Oneme
thodoracomb
ina
tionofseve
ralme
thodsmaybeusedacco
rdi
ngt
otheeng
inee
ringand
seepages
itua
tion.

4.
6.5 Connect
ionofthedambodytothefoundat
ionandthebanks
lope

6.4.
5.
1 Thef i
ll
edeart
ho ft
hedam bodyshallbeprope
rlycomb
ined wi
tht
hef
ounda
tionandt
he
banksl ,
ope andsha
llbefr
eefromt
hef o
llowi
ngcases:

a) theinf
il
tra
tionwa
terscou
rsa
longt
hecon
tac
tsu
rfacebe
tweent
hedambodyandt
hedamf
oun
-
daton;
i

b) t
heweaksu
rfacei
sfo
rmedandt
hedambodys
tab
il
ityi
sin
fluenced;

c) t
heunevense
ttl
emen
tandc
rack r.
soccu

4.
6.5.
2 Be
for
efi
ll
i hedambody,t
ngt hedamf
ounda
tionandt
hebanks
lopesha
llbec
leanedaccor
d-
i
ngt
othef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Cl
eanthetu
rf,treer
oots,p
lanti
ngsoilandst
oneri
prapont hefounda
tionandt
hebanksl
ope
with
inthescopeofthedam sect
ion.Trea
tmentof we
ll , ,
s caves tes
tp it
sanddr
il
ledholes
shou
ldbet
aken.

b) I
tisnecess
aryt
oremovet
hel
ooses
tonesont
hesu
rface,t
hel
ooseso
ili
nthep
itsandt
hep
ro-
ec
j t
ingr
ocksa
ttheconnec
tionsbe
tweent
hean
ti-
seepagebodyo
ftheea
rthandr
ock
fil
ldamand
71
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

therockf
oundaton/banks
i lope;theanti
-seepagebodyshal
lcontac
twi ththerocksu
rface;i
f
bedr
ockfis
sureshavedeve
loped,theconcr
etecoverpl
ateshal
lbearrangedort
hecementmor-
ta
ro rconcre
tesha
llbesprayedonthecon
tac
tsur
facebe tweenthebed
r ockandthean
ti-
seepage
bodyoft hedamtosepar
at ethebed
rockf
romtheant
i-seepagebody;thebed r
ocksha
llbegrou-
t
edwhennecess
ary.

6.4.
5.
3 Therocks
lopeshal
lbeassmoothasposs
ibe,bu
l tsha
llnotbemadei
ntost
epsorhavean
adver
ses
lopeorsuddenchangei
ngrad
ien ;
t whenthebanksl
opeisgent
leontheuppe
rpartand
s
teepont
hel
owe
rpa
rt,t
he mu
lti
-sl
opi
ngang
leoft
hep
roec
j t
ingpa
rtshou
ldnotbel
esst °.
han20
Theg
rad
ien
toft
her
ockbanks
lopei
ncon
tac
twi
tht
hean
ti-
seepagebodyshou
ldnotbeg
rea
tert
han
1∶0.
5andt
heg
rad
ien
toft
heea
rthbanks
lopeshou
ldnotbeg
rea
tert 5.
han1∶1. Theg
rad
ien
toft
he
con
tac
tsu
rfacebe
tweent
hean
ti-
seepagebodyandt
heconc
ret
est
ruc
tur
eshou
ldnotbeg
rea
tert
han
1∶0.25.Attheconnec
tionbe
tweenthepermeab
lema t
eri
alofthedamshel
landthebanksope,t
l he
con
tactgrad
ien
twi l
lnotbespec
ial
lyspec
ifed,bu
i tt
hebanks l
opesha
llensur
eit
sowns tabi
li
ty.

4.
6.5.
4 Att
heconnec
tionbe
tweent
heea
rthan
ti-
seepagebodyandt
hebanks
lope,t
hesec
tionof
t
hean
ti-
seepagebodyort
het
hicknes
soft
hedowns
treami
nve
rtedf
il
tershou
ldbei
ncr
eased.

4.
6. 5.
5 Theanti
-fi
ltr
ati
onrequ
irementssha
llbeme
tbetweenthefounda
tionover
bu r
deno rther
ock
f
issur
efi
ll
ingofthebanksl
opeandt hefi
lte
rdamshel;o
l t
herwise,theinve
rtedfi
ltershoul
dbea r
-
anged.
r

4.
6.6 Dambodyst
ructur
e

4.
6.6.
1 Thec
res
tel
eva
tionoft
heea
rthandr
ock
fil
ldami
sde
termi
nedbyt
henorma
lwa
terl
eve
lor
thecheckfloodl
eve
landt
hecr
estfreeboard.Thecr
estf
reeboa
rdmaybecal
cul
atedaccord
ingt
ot he
Formul ( )
a 9 .Whenthewavewal
lisarrangedontheups
treamsideoft
hedamcres ,
tt hetope
leva-
t
ionofthewavewal
lshal
lbehigherthant
het ope
leva
tionofthewave,andthedamc res
tshal
lnot
belowe
rthan0.
5 mabovethecheckf
loodleve
lorthenorma
lreser
voi
rlevel.
Intheea
rthquakea
rea,
t
hehe
igh
toft
heea
rthqua
kesu
rgemaybe0.
5 mt
o1.
0 ma
ccor
dingt
othese
ismi
cin
tens
ityandt
he
wa
terdep
thi
nfr
onto
fthedam.

4.
6.6.
2 Thedamc
res
tsha
llber
ese
rvedwi
thase
ttl
emen
tma
rgn,t
i heva
lueofwh
ichsha
llbede
ter
-
mi
nedbyca
lcu
lat
iono
reng
inee
ringana
logy.Ther
ese
rvedse
ttl
emen
tma
rgi
n maybei
ncr
easedap
-
r
pop
ria
tel
yint
heea
rthquakea
rea.

4.
6.6.
3 Thewi
dthoft
hedamc
res
tsha
llmee
tther
equ
iremen
tsf
ormob
il
ity,cons
truc
tionandope
r-
a
tionandove
r l.Thewi
hau dtho
fthedamc
res
tmaybe4mt
o6m.

4.
6.6.
4 F
lex
ibl
e ma
ter
ial
ssucha
sgr l,sandg
ave rave
lorb
itumi
nousconc
ret
e maybeusedont
he
damc
res t.Thedamc
tpavemen res
tpavemen
tmaybei
ncl
inedby2% t
o3% t
owa
rdst
heups
tream
anddowns
treams
idesr
espec
tive
lyoron
lyt
owa
rdst
hedowns
treams
ide.
Thedowns
treamd
rai
nage
sys
temsha
llbep
rope
rlyequ
ipped.
72
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

4.
6.6.
5 Thedams
lopesha
llmee
tthes
tab
il
ityr
equ
iremen
ts.Theneces
sit
yofa
rrang
ingbencheson
t
heups
treamanddowns
treamdams
lopesmaybede
termi
nedacco
rdi
ngt
otheac
t ldemands;i
ua ts
wi
dthsha
llno
tbel
esst 0 m;t
han1. hehe
igh
tdi
ffe
rencebe
tweenbenchesmaybe8mt
o12m.

4.
6.6.6 Thesec
tions
izeoft
heea
rthan
ti-
seepagebodysha
llmee
ttheseepages
tab
il
ityr
equ
ire
-
men
ts,andt
heseepagesha
llbecon
tro
lledwi
thi
nthea
llowab
lescope.

4.
6.6.
7 Thet
hicknessoft
heea
rthan
ti-
seepagebodysha
lli
ncr
easeg
radua
llyf
romt
opt
obot
tom,
andt
het
op wi
dthshou
ldno
tbel
esst 5 m;t
han1. hebot
tomt
hicknes
smaybede
termi
nedacco
rdi
ng
t
othepe
rmi
ssi
vepe
rmeab
il
it r
ygad
i t,bu
en tsha
llnotbel
esst
han3.
0 m.
Inco
ldr
egons,t
i het
hick
-
nessoft
hep
rot
ect
iveso
ill
aye
roft
hec
layco
rewa
llsha
llbeg
rea
tert
hant
hel
oca
lfr
ozenso
ildep
th.

4.
6. 6.
8 I
fthe geomemb
ranei
susedf
oran
tiseepage,a p
- rot
ect
ivel
aye
rsha
llbe pavedont
he
geomemb
rane,andasuppor
tingl
aye
rbenea
t t.Thep
hi rot
ect
ivel
aye
rcons
ist
soft
hesu
rfacel
aye
r
andt
hecush
ionl r.
aye Thep
rot
ect
ivel
aye
rsha
llbeab
let
opr
even
tthegeomemb
ranef
romu
ltr
avi
ole
t
r
adi
aton.Thesuppo
i r
tingl
aye
rsha
llmaket
hes
tres
soft
hegeomemb
raneun
iformandp
rot
ecti
tfr
om
be
ingdamagedbyt
hepa
rti
alcen
tra
lizeds
tr s.
es

6.
4.6.
9 Thean
ti-
seepagegeomemb
ranesha
llf
ormanenc
losedan
ti-
seepagesys
temt
oge
the
rwi
th
t
hedamf
ounda
tion,banks
lopeo
rot
herconc
ret
est
ruc
tues.Thepe
r riphe
ralj
oin
tssha
llbep
rope
rly
t
rea
ted,andt
hei
rst
ruc
tur
ald
imens
ionssha
llbeab
let
o mee
tther
equ
iremen
tsofseepageg
rad
ien
t
andde
forma
tion.

4.
6.6.
10 Thet
ope
leva
tionoft
hean
ti-
seepagebodysha
llbea
tlea
st0.
3mh
ighe
rthant
heno
rma
l
wa
terl
eve
landsha
llno
tbel
owe
rthant
hecheckf
loodwa
terl l;I
eve fthewavewa
lli
sar
rangedon
t
het
opo
fthean
tiseepagebody,i
- tst
ope
leva
tion maynotbel
imi
tedbyt
hispa
rag
raph,bu
tsha
ll
notbel
owe
rthant
heno
rma
lwa
terl l.
eve

4.
6.6.
11 Thean
ti-
fil
tra
tionp
rinc
ipl
esha
llbeapp
liedbe
tweent
heea
rthan
tiseepagebody (
- inc
lud
ing
homogeneousdam,co
rewa
ll,
inc
linedwa
ll,b
lanke
tandcu
t-of
ftench)andt
r hed
rai
nagebodyoft
he
dam she
llort
he pe
rvi
ousbedo
fthedam f
ounda
tion;o
the se,t
rwi hei
nve
rtedf
il
tersha
llbea
r-
anged,orbo
r tht
hei
nve
rtedf
il
terandt
het
rans
iti
onl
aye
rsha
llbea
rranged.

4.
6.6.
12 I
fthean
ti-
fil
tra
tionp
rinc
ipl
ecannotbeapp
liedbe
tweent
hedamshe
llandt
hedamf
ounda
-
t
ion,t
hei
nve
rtedf
il
tersha
llbea
rranged.

4.
6.6.
13 Whent
hedambodyi
sfi
ll
edwi
thseve
ralk
indsofea
rthandr
ock
fil
lma
ter
ias,t
l hean
ti-
fil
-
t
rat
ionp
rinc
ipl
esha
llbeapp
liedbe
tweent
hed
iff
eren
tso
ill
aye
rs.
Nea
rthecor
ewa
llori
ncl
inedwa
ll,
t
heso
ilandr
ock
fil
lma
ter
ial
s wi
thsma
lle
rpe
rmeab
il
ityandf
ine
rpa
rti
clesshou
ldbef
il
led;andt
he
so
ilands
tonema
ter
ial
swi
thl
arge
rpe
rmeab
il
ityandcoa
rse
rpa
rti
clesshou
ldbef
il
lednea
rthedam
s
lope.
73
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

4.
6.6.
14 Thei
nve
rtedf
il
tersha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) I
tsha
llbeab
let
opr
even
tthep
rot
ect
edso
ilf
romseepagede
forma
tion;t
hema
ter
ialoft
hei
n-
ve
rtedf
il
tersha
llbenon
-pi
pingso
il.

b) I
tswa
terpe
rmeab
il
itysha
llbeg
rea
tert
hant
hatofp
rot
ect
edso
il,andi
tcand
rai
nthei
nfi
ltr
ati
on
wa
tersmoot
hly.

c) I
tsha
llnotbec
loggedbyt
hef
inepa
rti
cles ( 1 mm).
d<0.

d) I
tsha
llbedu
rab
leands
tab
le,andi
tsp
rope
rti
eswi
llnotchangeove
rtimeorunde
rthei
nfl
uence
oft
heenv
ironmen
tdu
ringt
hese
rvi
cepe
riod.

4.
6.6.
15 Thei
nve
rtedf
il
terandt
het
rans
iti
onl
aye
rsha
llbecompac
ted.
Thet
hicknesso
fthei
nve
rt-
edf
il
tersha
llbede
termi
nedi
naccor
dance wi
tht
hepu
rposeso
fma
ter
ialandcons
truc
tion me
thod.
Theminimumth
icknes
sofea
chhor
izon
talf
il
ter
ingl
ayermaybe0.3 mandthatofeachve
rtica
lorin-
cl
inedi
nvert
edfi
lte
rmaybe0.4 m.Wheni ti
sbuil
twiththe mach
iner ,
y t he mi
nimum hor
izon
tal
wi
dthsha
llbede
termi
neda
ccor
dingt
othecons
truc
tion mach
ine
ryandcons
truc
tion me
thod.The
t
hicknessoft
hei
nve
rtedf
il
terbu
iltont
hesof
tso
ilf
ounda
tionsha
llbei
ncr
easedapp
rop
ria
tey.
l

4.
6.6.
16 Theg
ranu
larf
il
terma
ter
ialsha
llbede
termi
neda
ccor
dingt
othef
oll
owi
ngc
rit
eron.
i

a) Therela
tionshi
pbe tweent
hep rot
ect
edso
ilandt heinve
rtedf
il
tersha
llmee
tther equi
remen
ts
ofD15/d85lessthanorequa o5and D15/d15 g
lt reat
e rt
hanorequalto5.D15 meanstha
tthe
weigh
to fsoilles
st hanthegra
insizeoft
hef i
lte
rmate
ria
loccupi
es15% o
fthetot
alweigh
tof
so
il;d85 (
d15 )meanst hegr
ainsi
zeo fprot
ectedso
ilandthe weigh
toft
hesoi
llesst
hant he
r
gai
nsi
zeoft
hep
rot
ect
edso
i s85% (
li 15% )o
fthet
ota
lwe
igh
toft
heso
il.

b) Whent
hep
rot
ect
edso
ili
sfi
ne-
gra
inedso
il(
CLand/CH)andd85equa
lto0.
01mmt 03mm,
o0.
t
hesandorg
rave
llys
andwi
thD15l
esst
hano
requa
lto0.
5 mm maybeusedast
hei
nve
rtedf
il
-
t
er.

c) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othep
rot
ect
edso
ilwi
thar
ela
tive
lyh
ighnon
-un
iformcoe
ffi
ci t(
en η),d15andd85
oft
hef
ineg
rai
npor
tionswi
thηl
esst
hanorequa
lto5t
o8i
ntheg
rad
ingcu
rvemaybeusedas
t
heg
rai
nsze.
i

d) Wi
thregar
dtothesoi
lgapg r
adat
ion,d15 andd85 oft
hegra
ingroupbel
owthel
evelsect
ionof
thegr
adi rve (
ngcu usua
llyl
essthan1 mmt o5 mm)sha l
lbeusedasthegr
ains
izeforcal
cul
a-
t
ion.

e) Whentheinhomogenei
tycoe
ffi
cient(η)ofthefir
stl
aye
risgr
eatert
han5to8sandgr l,
ave i
tis
requi
redthatthegr l(
ave dgreaterthanorequa
lt o5mm)conten
tshoudbe60% ,andt
l heD15
74
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

i
nit
sfi
nema
ter
ial(
dles han5mm)po
st rti
onsha
llbet
akenast
heg
rai
nsi
zef
orca
lcu
lat
ion.

4.
6.7 Dr
ainagei
nthedambody

4.
6.7.
1 Thed
rai
nagef
aci
li
tiessha
llbea
rrangedf
ort
heea
rthandr
ock
fildam,andsha
l llmee
tthe
f
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Lowe
rtheseepagel
ine o
fthe dam body,r
educet
he por
epr
essu
re,con
tro
lseepageand
imp
rovedambodys
tab
il
ity.

b) Havesu
ffi
cien
tdr
ainagecapa
cit
yandf
ree
lyd
rai
nal
lthei
nfi
ltr
ati
onwa
ter.

c) Des
igni
nacco
rdancewi
tht
hean
ti-
fil
tra
tionp
rinc
ipl
etop
reven
tthedambodyandt
hef
ounda
-
t
ionso
ilf
romseepagef
ail
ure.

d) Thema
ter
ial
sfo
rthed
rai
nagesha
llber
ockb
locks,macadamorsand
-gr
ave
lma
ter
ialwh
icha
re
ha
rdandwea
the
r-r
esi
st t.
an

4.
6. 7.2 Thed
rai
nagefac
il
it
iesforthedam bodyincludet
hed ra
inageprsm,s
i lopef
acedranage,
i
dr
ainagei
nthedam body (i
ncl
uding ho
rizon
talb
lanketdra
inage,vert
icald
rai
nageand g
rid
-form
d
ranage)oracomb
i ina
tionoft
heabovemeasu
res.

4.
6. 7.
3 Thetypesel
ect
ionoft hed
rainagefac
il
it
iesf
ort
hedambodysha
llbedetermi
nedincombi
-
na
tionwi
ththedra
inagerequ
irementsforthedambodyandt
hedamfoundat
i ,
on and wi
thcompr
e-
hens
ivecons
ide
rat
iong
ivent
othef
oll
owi
ngs
itua
tion:

a) t
hedamt
ypeandt
hep
rope
rti
esoft
hema
ter
ial
soft
hedambodyandt
hedamf
ounda
tion;

b) t
heeng
inee
ringgeo
log
ica
landhyd
rogeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onsoft
hedamf
ounda
tion;

c) t
hedowns
tream wa
terl l;
eve

d) t
hema
ter
ialandcons
truc
tions
itua
tionoft
hed
rai
nagef
aci
li
ties;

e) t
hec
lima
ticcond
iti
onso
fthedams
itea
rea.

4.
6.7.
4 Ther
equ
iremen
tsf
ort
hed
rai
nagep
risma
reasf
olows.
l

a) Thed
rai
nagep
rismapp
liest
othes
itua
tiont
hatt
her
eiswa
teri
nthedowns
treamr
egon;
i itst
op
e
leva
tionsha
llbea
tlea
st0.
5 mabovet
hemax
imumdowns
tream wa
terl l.
eve

b) Themi
nimumd
ist
ancebe
tweent
heseepagel
ineo
fthedambodyandt
hedamf
acesha
llbeg
rea
-
t
ert
hant
hedep
thoff
ros
tpene
tra
tioni
nth
isr
egon.
i
75
SHP/TG 002
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2019

c) Thetop wi
dthofthedr
ainagepr
ismshal
lmee
tther
equ
iremen
tsf
orcons
truc
tionandobse
rva
-
t
ion,whichshou
ldnotbel es
sthan1.
0 m.

d) Theinne
randout
erslopesofthedrai
nagepri
sm maybedet
erminedacco
rdi
ngtotherockmate
-
r
ial
sandconst
ruc
tioncondi
tions;t
heg r
adi
entofthei
nners
lopemaybe1∶1. 0andthegrad
ient
oft
heou
ters
lopemaybe1∶1.
5orsma
llr.
e

4.
6.7.
5 Ther
equ
iremen
tsf
ors
lopef
aced
rai
nagea
rea
sfo
llows.

a) Thetopoft hes
lopefacedr
ainageshal
lbehighe
rthant
heexitpo
intoftheseepagel
ine;the
hei
ghtdi
ffe
rencesha
llmaketheseepageli
neofthedambodybebel
owt hef
rostli ,
ne butshal
l
no
tbel
esst
han1.
5 m.

b) Thet
hicknes
soft
hes
lopef
aced
rai
nagesha
llbeg
rea
tert
hant
hedep
tho
ffr
ostpene
tra
tion.

4.
6.7.
6 Ther
equ
iremen
tsf
ort
heho
rizon
talb
lanke
tdr
ainagea
rea
sfo
llows.

a) Thehor
izon
talb
lanke
tdr
ainagei
sapp
licab
let
othes
itua
tion whe
ret
her
eisno wa
terdown
-
s
tream.

b) Thelong
itudina
lopend
rainconnect
edt oi
tshal
lbearr
angedatthedamtoeofthehori
zon
t a
l
bl
anketdra
inage;t
hebott
om oft heopendra
insha
llbelowerthant
hebo
t t
om sur
faceofthe
hor
izon
talb
lanke
tdr
ainage;i
naco
ldr
egon,su
i ffi
cien
tdr
ainagesec
tionssha
llbeensu
reda
fte
r
t
heopend
rai
nhasbeenf
rozen.

c) Wit
hr egardtot
hehomogeneousearhdam,t
t hehori
zon
talb
lanke
tdra
inageshouldbefi
lledwi
th
medi
um- coar
sesando
rsand-grave
lma t
eri
als,whi
chshal
lmeettheant
i-f
il
tra
tionrequ
iremens,
t
andshal
lbefr
eef r
om gr
ave
lconcent
rat
ionphenomenon;t here
lat
ive
lybigpa
rti
clesshou
ldbe
removed;t
hesil
tcont
ent(dles
sthan0.1 mm)sha
llbelessthan5% andt
hepermeabi
li
tycoe
f-
f
ici
entsha
llbeg
rea
tert
hant
hato
fthedamf
ounda
ti hedambody.
onandt

d) Thethicknessoft
hebl
anketmaybedete
rminedonthebasisofthed
rai
ningtwicethei
n f
il
tra
tion
capac
ity;f ort
hedamfounda
tionp
ronetop
r oduceunevense
ttl
ement,theth
icknessofthehor-
i
zon
talb
lanke
tdr
ainagesha
llbei
ncr
eased.

e) Thel
eng
thoft
hehor
izon
talb
lanke
tdr
ainageext
endedi
nt hedambody maybe1/3t
ot o1/4of
t
hedambo
ttom wi
dth.

f) Ont
hedamf
ounda
tionsu
rfaceso
fbot
hbanks,t
het
ransve
rsesp
rayd
rai
nsha
llbea
rranged,i
n
o
rde
rtof
aci
li
tat
ethesubsec
tionoft
hei
nfi
ltr
ati
onwa
teri
ntheb
lanke
tco
llec
tedandl
edt
othe
damt
oed
rai
naged
itch.Thet
opsu
rfaceoft
hesp
rayd
rai
nsha
llbel
owe
rthant
hebot
tomsu
r-
f
aceoft
heb
l t.
anke
76
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

4.
6.7.
7 Theve
rti
cald
rai
nagemaybea
rrangedi
nthehomogeneousea
rthdam body,wh
ichi
scon
-
nec
tedt
otheups
treamendo
ftheho
rizon
talb
lanke
tdr
ainaget
ore
tai
ntheseepagei
nthedamand
l
owe
rtheseepagel
ine.

4.
6. 7.
8 Thed imensi
onsoft
helongi
tud
ina
landverti
caldrainages
tri
psinthedra
inagegr
idshal
lbe
de
terminedaccor
dingtot
heseepageca
lcu
lat
ion;i
tsd r
ainagecapaci
tysha
llnotbelessthantwice
t
hei
nfi
ltr
ati
oncapac
ity.Thewi
dthoft
het
ransve
rsed
rai
nages
tri
psha
llbeg
rea
tert 5 m,t
han0. he
spacingbetweenstr
ipssha
llbe20mt o50mandtheg
radientshal
lnotbeg
r ea
tert
han1%.Iftheca
l-
cula
tedd imens
ionsofthedra
inageg
ridar
etoogr
ea ,
tt heconcre
tedrai
npipemaybearr
angedinthe
dr
ainages
trps,t
i hepipewallsha
llbedri
ll
edwit
hholesandt
hepipediamete
rshal
lnotbelesst
han
0.
15m.Thef lowvel
oc i
tyi
nt hepipesha
llbe0. /
2 m sto1. / ;
0m s thefil
termat
eria
lsha
llbefi
ll
ed
a
roundt
hep
ipebody.

4.
6.8 S
lopep
rotect
ion

4.
6.8.
1 Thea
rrangemen
toft
hes
lopep
rot
ect
iono
fthedamf
acesha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
ire
-
men
ts.

a) Theups
treams
lopep
rot
ect
ionshou
ldr
esi
stwaveimpac
tandp
reven
tdamagesbyi
ceb
lock
sand
deb
ris.

b) Fr
ostheav
ingandd
ryc
rack
ingo
fthecohes
iveso
ili
nthedambodysha
llbep
reven
ted.

c) Thes
lopesu
rfacesha
llbep
rot
ect
edf
romt
her
ain.

d) Thenon
-cohes
iveso
ilsha
llbep
rot
ect
edf
rombe
ingb
lownawaybyt nd.
hewi

e) Thedes
truc
tionbyan
ima
lssha
llbep
reven
ted.

6.4.
8.
2 Theups
treamslopemayinc
luderi
prapprot
ect
ionofthes
lope,placedrock
fil
lpr
otect
ionof
thesope,ma
l sonrypr
otecti
onoft
hes ope,conc
l reteorbi
tumi
nousconcr
etep ro
tect
ionoftheslope.

4.
6.8.
3 Thecush
ionl
aye
rsha
llbea
rrangedbe
tweent
hedambodyandt
her
ock
fil
lreve t.
tmen

4.
6.8.
4 Theups
treams
lopep
rot
ect
ioni
sno
trequ
iredi
fthemi
nimumr
ese
rvo
irwa
terl
eve
lisbe
low
1.
5 m.

4.
6. 8.
5 Thedownstream s
lopeprot
ection mayincl
udeag rassedsope,ma
l cadam orcobb
leslope
pr
otec
tionandac
rushedr (
ock orconcr
et eprecas
tbl )
ock reve t.
tmen I
fthedam bodyisfil
led wi
th
ock,macadamo
r rcobb
le,t
hes
lopep
rot
ect
ionmayno
tbea
rranged.

4.
6.8.6 I
ntheco
ldr
egon,t
i het
hicknes
soft
heups
tream/downs
tream s
lope p
rot
ect
ionandt
he
cush
ionl
aye
rfo
rtheso
ilmas
ssha
llno
tbel
esst
hant
hedep
tho
ffr
ostpene
tra
tion.
77
SHP/TG 002
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2019

4.
6.8.
7 Thel
ong
itud
ina
l/t
ransve
rsej
oin
tsandd
rai
nageho
lessha
llbea
rrangedf
ort
he mason
ryor
conc
ret
esl
opep
rot
ect
ion.

4.
6.8.
8 Thef
ounda
tionsuppo
rtsha
llbea
rrangeda
tthet
oeoft
hes
lopep
rot
ect
ion.

4.
6.9 Dr
ainageonthedamf
ace

4.
6. 9.
1 Thel
ong
itud
ina
landt
ransve
rsed
rai
naged
itchesshou
ldbea
rrangedont
hedowns
tream
s
lope.

a) Thel
ong
itud
i l(
na a
longt
hed
irec
tionofdamax
is)d
rai
naged
itchesshou
ldbea
rrangedont
hei
n-
ne
rsi
deo hebench.
ft

b) Thet
ransve
rsed
rai
naged
itchessha
llbeext
endedf
romt
hedam c
res
ttot
hed
rai
naged
itcha
t
t
hedamt
oeorbe
lowt
hemi
nimumt
ailwa
terl l.
eve

c) Thet
ransve
rsed
rai
naged
itchesmaybea
rrangeda
tin
ter
val
so o100 m,andt
f50 mt her
esha
ll
bea
tlea
sttwot
ransve
rsed
rai
naged
itches.Thel
ong
itud
ina
landt
ransve
rsed
rai
naged
itches
sha
llbei
nte
r-connec
ted.

d) Thene
tsec
tions
izeoft
hed
rai
naged
itchmaybe0.
4 m × 0.
3 m.
Thed
rai
naged
itchmaybebu
ilt
wi
thmason
ryo
rconc
ret
ebocks.
l

4.
6. 9.
2 Thedra
inaged
itchshal
lbearr
angedattheconnec
tionbetweenthedam bodyandt
hebank
s
l ;
ope it
sca
tchmentar
eashalli
ncl
udetheeff
ect
ivecatchmentar
eao fthebanks
lopes.

4.
6.10 Ca
lcu
lat
ionforthedambody

4.
6.10.
1 Theseepageca
lcu
lat
iono
fea
rthandr
ock
fil
ldamsha
lli
ncl
udet
hef
oll
owi
ngcon
ten
ts:

a) de
termi
net
hel
oca
tiono
fthedami
nfi
ltr
ati
onl
ineandi
tsdowns
tream escapepo
int,andd
raw
t
hedis
tribu
tionmapo
rfl
owne
twor
kmapoft
heequ
ipot
ent
iall
inewi
thi
nthedambodyandt
he
f
ounda
tion;

b) de
termi
net
heseepagef
lowoft
hedambodyandf
ounda
tion;

c) determinet
heescapegr
adi
entbetweenthedamslopeescapesecti
onandthedowns
tream dam
foundat
ionsur
fa ,
ce aswel
lastheseepagegr
adi
entbetweendiff
erentso
ill
aye
rs;

d) de
terminetheposit
ionofthein
fil
tra
tionl
ineort
hepor
epr
essu
rei
ntheups
tream dam s
lope
whenthereservo
irwate
rlevelf
all
s ;

e) de
termi
net
heequ
ipot
ent
iall
ine,seepagef
lowr
ateandseepageg
rad
ien
toft
heabu t.
tmen
78
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

6.4.
10.2 Thecalcul
ationofseepageshal
lconsidera
llk
indsofadver
second
iti
onsi
ntheope
rat
ionof
thereservo
ir,i
ncludingthefol
lowing wa
terlevelcombina
tions:

a) t
henorma
lups
treams
tor
agewa
terl
eve
landt
hecor
respond
ingl
owes
tdowns
tream wa
terl l;
eve

b) ups
treamdes
ignedf
loodl
eve
landt
hedowns
treamco
rrespond
ing wa
terl l;
eve

c) ups
treamcheckedf
loodl
eve
landt
hedowns
treamcor
respond
ing wa
terl l;
eve

d) t
hemos
tun
favou
rab
lecond
iti
onf
orups
treamdams
lopes
tab
il
itywhent
her
ese
rvo
irwa
terl
eve
l
f
als.
l

4.
6.10.
3 An
iso
tropyo
fpe
rmeab
il
itycoe
ffi
cien
toft
hedambodyandf
ounda
tionsha
llbecons
ide
red
inseepageca
lcu
lat
ion.Theave r
ageva
lueofthehi
ghvalueoftheso
ilpermeabi
li
tycoef
fic
ien
tshal
l
beusedt oca
lcu
lat
et heseepagefow,andt
l heave
rageval
ueofthesmal
lvalueshal
lbeusedtoca
l-
cu
lat
ethei
nfi
ltr
ati
onl
ine whent
he wa
terl
eve
lfa
lls.Necess
aryseepagecon
tro
lmeasu
ressha
llbe
t
akent
hroughseepageca
lcu
lat
ion.

4.
6.10.
4 Thes
tab
il
ityoft
heea
rth
-rockdamsha
llbeca
lcu
lat
edi
nthef
oll
owi
ngf
ours
itua
tions:

a) t
hedowns
treamdams
lopedu
ringt
hes
tab
leseepagepe
riod;

b) ups
treamdams
lopedu
ringt
her
ese
rvo
irwa
terl
eve
lfa
ll
ingpe
riod;

c) upst
reamanddowns
treamdams
lopesdu
ringt
hecons
truc
tionpe
riod (
inc
lud
ingt
hecomp
let
ion
per
iod);

d) no
rma
lope
rat
ionoft
heups
treamanddowns
treamdams
lopesi
ncaseo
fea
rt kes.
hqua

Whee,a)andb)ope
r ra
tingcondi
tionsarenormal,andtheant
i-s
lipstab
il
itys
afe
tyfac
torisnotl
ess
t
han1.25;c)ope
rat
ingcondi
tionist heabnormaloper
atingcondit
ionI,andtheant
i-s
lipst
abi
li
ty
sa
fet
yfac
tori
sno
tlesst 15;d)ope
han1. rat
ingcond
iti
oni
sabnorma
lope
rat
ingcond
iti I,andt
onI he
an
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tysa
fet
yfac
tori
sno
tlesst
han1.
10.

4.
6. 10.
5 Thest
ati
cstab
il
ityofthedam sha
llbecalcu
lat
ed wit
htheSwed ishc
irc
le me
thodina c
-
cor
dancewi
tht
herigi
dbodylimi
tequi
li
briumtheor
yf ort ,
hehomogeneousdam thecore wa
lldam
andt hi
ckeart
hdam withi
ncli
nedcoe;o
r rwi
ththesli
dingwedgemethodfortheth
inear
thdam wit
h
inc
linedcor
et, h
incor
ewa lldamanddambody wi
thsoftso
ilin
ter
lin
ingi
nt hedamfounda
tion.

6.4.
10.6 Thes t
abil
ityoftheear
thandrockfi
lldamdu ri
ngtheconstr
uctionper
iodmaybeca
lcul
ated
withthetot
alstressmethod;theso
ilsamplecorrespondi
ngtothedesigneddr
ydensi
tyandmois
ture
conten
toffill
ing may be pr
epar
edf ordi
rectqu ickshear(ortr
i-axi
alundra
i r)t
nedshea est;the
s
treng
t ndexCuandφusha
hi llbeusedt
oca
lcu
lat
ethes
tab
il
ity.
Thes
tres
sac
tingont
hes
lipa
rcsha
ll
79
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

bet
het
ota
lst
res
sgene
rat
edbyt
hedeadwe
igh
toft
heso
ilma
ss.

4.
6.10.
7 Fort
hedam onaco
llaps
ibl
eloes
sfounda
tion,t
hei
nfl
uenceofs
treng
thr
educ
tionont
he
dambodys
tab
il
itycausedbyf
ounda
tionimme
rsi
onont
hes
tab
il
ityoft
hedambodydu
ringr
ese
rvo
ir
impoundmen
tsha
llbeca
lcu
lat
edi
fthef
ounda
tioni
snott
rea
teddu
ringcons
truc
tion.

4.
6.10.
8 Fort
hedam onsof
tso
ilf
ounda
tion,t
hes
tab
il
itydu
ringt
hecons
truc
tionpe
riodsha
llbe
ve
rif
iedi
fthef
ounda
tionha
snotbeent
rea
ted.
Thes
treng
t ndexCuf
hi romt
hed
irec
tqu
i r(
ckshea or
t
ri-
axi
alund
rainedshear)t
estatna
tura
ldrydens
ityandthemoist
urecontentofthefounda
tionso
il
maybeadopt ,
ed o rthest
reng
thindexfr
omt heunconf
inedcompress
iontestorcrosspla
teshear
t
estmaybeadop ted.I
fthedra
inageconso
lida
tionmea su
r eshavebeenimplementedf
orthefounda-
t
i ,
on theconso
lidat
ionofthefounda
tionatvariousdegreesduri
ngt heconst
ruc
tionper
iodandt he
comple
tiontimeshal
lbeconsideed;i
r ft
heporepressu
r ei
sd iss
ipated,t
hecal
cula
tion maybepe r
-
formed wi
ththeeff
ecti
vestr
es smet ;
hod int
hisca ,
se thestr
eng thi
ndexfromthedirec
tquickshea
r
(
ort
ri-
axi
ald
rai r)t
nedshea estmaybeused.

4.
6.10.
9 Thee
ffec
tives
tressme
thodsha
llbeusedt
owo
rkou
tthes
tab
leseepagepe
riod,andt
he
porep r
essur
eande f
fecti
vestressac
tingonthesl
idi
ngsur
facesha
llbecalcu
lat
edaccordi
ngtothe
seepageflownetequipot
ent
iall
ine;thedi
rec
tsl r(
owshea ortri
-ax
iald
rai
nedshear)str
engthi
ndex
sha
llbe used.To s
imp
lif
ythet
est,t
heshea
rst
reng
thi
ndex o
fdi
rec
tconso
lida
tionf
astshea
r
s
treng
thmaya
lsobeapp
rox
ima
ted.
.

4.
6.10.
10 Du
ringt
hewa
terl
eve
ldr
oppe
riod,t
heseepagel
inei
nthedambody maybedeemedt
o
dropsynch
ronous
lya
long wi
ththereservo
irwate
rlevelfort
henon
-cohes
iveso
ilsuchasr
ockma
te-
r
ialorsand-r
gave
lmate
ril,r
a egar
dlessoftheporepressu
re.

4.
6.10.
11 Wi
thr
ega
rdt
otheso
ilan
tiseepagebody,whent
- hewa
terl
eve
ldops,t
r hepor
epr
essu
re
i
nthedambodyordamf
ounda
tiondu
ringt
hewa
terl
eve
ldr
oppe
riodmaybeob
tai
nedi
naccor
dance
wi
tht hef
lownetdi
agr
ama f
t e
rthewa
terl
eveldropsandmaybecal
cul
atedwitht
hee f
fec
tives t
ress
method;thepor
epressu
re mayal
sobecal
cul
ated wi
ththefo
llowi
ngsimpl
if
ied me
thod:a ssuming
t
hatt
heseepageli
neremai
nsunchangedbe
foreandaf
tert
hewa t
erleveld
rops;ca
lcul
atethebl
ockin
t
hepartbe
lowt he wa
terleve
lbeforeitdr
ops wi
ththebuoyantuni
twe i t,ca
gh l
culat
et hes
lid
ing
for
cewiththesatu
ratedwe igh
tfort
heblockbetweent
hedr
oppedwa t
erlevelandtheseepagel
ine,
ca
lcul
atethes
lid
ingresi
stancefor
cewit
ht hebuoyan
tuni
twei t,uset
gh hetrueweightforthebl
ocks
i
nt hepartabovetheseepagelne;t
i heshea
rs tr
engthempl
oyst
hed
irec
tso
lid
ifi
cat
ionqu
ickshea
r
(ortr
i-ax
ialconso
lida
tionund
rai r)s
nedshea trengthi
ndex.

4.
6.10.
12 Fort
heea
rthandr
ock
fildam,t
l het
ota
lse
ttl
emen
toft
hedambodyanddamf
ounda
tion
aswe
llast
hese
ttl
emen
tdu
ringt
hecons
truc
tionpe
riodsha
llbeca
lcu
laed.
t Thet
ota
lse
ttl
emen
tmay
becal
cula
tedlaye
rbyl
ayerina
ccor
dancewi
tht
hecomp
ress
ioncu
rveo
fthedambodyanddamf
oun
-
da
tion,andthensummar
ized.

80
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

n
e0i -ei
S=∑ hi …………………………(13 )
i=1 1-e0i

whe
re

S i
sthet
ota
lse
ttl t,i
emen nm;

n i
sthenumbe
rofl
aye
rs;

e0i i
sthei
nit
ialpo
ros
itya
tl ri;
aye

ei i
sthepor
osi
tya
tl riunde
aye rthee
ffec
tofuppe
rload;

hi i
stheso
ilt
hicknessa
tl ri,i
aye nm.

4.
6.10.
13 Accor
dingt
otheemp
iri
calda
ta,t
hese
ttl
emen
toft
hedambodydu
ringt
hecons
truc
tion
peri
odmaybe80% o ft
hef
ina
lse
t t
lemen
tfortheearthdamandmaybe90% ofthefi
nalse
ttlement
forrock
fil
lorg
r ldams.Ther
ave esul
tfortot
alset
tlementdeduc
tedf
ortheset
tlementduri
ngt he
cons
truc
tionpe
riodi
sthese
ttl
emen
taf
tercomp
let
ion.

6.
5 Dam wi
thhyd
rau
licautomat
icf
lapgate

5.
6.1 Gene
ralp
rov
isi
ons

5.
6.1.1 Thet
ypese
lec
tionf
ort
hehyd
rau
licau
toma
ticf
lapga
tesha
llmee
tther
equ
iremen
tsf
or
comprehens
ivewate
ruseandfl
ooddis
charge.Thewheeledhyd
raul
icaut
omat
icfl
apga
te wit
hcon-
nec
tingrodandthehyd
rau
licau
toma
ticfl
apga te wi
thdoubl
esuppors(
t seeF
igure4andFi
gure5)
shou
ldbeused;t
hega
tehe
igh
tshou
ldno
tbeg
rea
tert
han5m.

Key
1 pr
otecti
vepi
er 2 f
ace
3 out
rigger 4 r
ail
5 connec
tingr
od 6 i
dle l(
rwhee o
rfi l)
xedwhee
7 whee
lsea
t 8 bu
ttr
ess
9 se
rvi
ceb
ridge 10 bo
ttom wa
ters
top

F
igur
e4 St
ructur
eschemeofwhee
ledhyd
rau
licautomat
icf
lapgate wi
thconnect
ingr
od

81
SHP/TG 002
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2019

Key
1 l
imi
tingp
ier 2 f
ace
3 ou
tri
gge
r 4 s
tra
igh
tra
il
5 gu
ider
ail 6 movab
leb
lock
7 c
rownb
lock 8 whee
lsea
t
9 bu
ttr
ess 10 wa
ters
top

F
igur
e5 St
ructur
eschemeofwhee
ledhyd
rau
licautomat
icf
lapgate wi
thdoub
lesuppo
rts

5.
6.1.2 Thef
lapga
teshou
ldbeusedf
or wa
ters
tor
age p
roec
j t
son med
ium andsma
llr
ive
rsi
n
moun
tai
nousandh
il
lya
r s.Thef
ea lapga
teshou
ldnotbeusedf
orf
loodcon
tro
landd
rai
nagecon
tro
l
r
poec
j s.
t

5.
6. 1.
3 Ifthe wa
terdepthups
t r
eam o
fthe we
irinfron
tofthesl
uicei
smor
ethantwi
cet
hega
te
he
ightdu
ringfl
ooddischa
rge,thefl
apgat
eshouldno
tbeseleced.
t

5.
6. 1.
4 Whent hef
lapgat
ei sar
rangedinthepla
inr
iverchannelandt
herive
rreachjackedwi
tht
he
downst
ream wa
terl
evel,thehydrau
licmodelt
estsha
llbepe r
formedfordemons
trat
ion.

5.
6. 1.
5 Thef l
apgatesha
llnotsusta
inthes
tat
icpressu
reo ce.Whent
fi hef
lapgat
eisadoptedi
n
co
ldareas,t
heanti
-fr
eezi
ng measu
ressuchashyd
raul
icjetandcomp
ressedai
rb l
owingsha
llbese
-
l
ect
edaccor
dingt
othea
irt
empe
rat
ureandt
her
ese
rvo
irwa
terl lchanges.
eve

5.
6.1.
6 Wi
thr
ega
rdt
other
ive
rchanne
lrequ
iri
ngau
toma
ticcon
tro
lfo
rope
rat
i t,t
onmanagemen he
hyd
rau
lic
-ass
ist
edf
lapga
teshou
ldbese
lec
ted.

5.
6.1.
7 Ther
egu
lat
ingga
teo
rscou
rings
lui
cesha
llbea
rrangedf
ort
hedam wi
thaf
lapga
teaccor
d-
i
ngt
othet
opog
raph
iccond
iti
onso
fther
i rbed.
ve

5.
6.2 Layoutofthedam wi
thf
lapgate

5.
6.2.
1 Thes
itese
lec
tionoft
hef
lapga
tesha
llbeconduc
ivet
otheove
ral
llayou
toft
hep
roec
j t;t
he
r
ive
rsec
tionwi
ths
tra
igh
tri
vercou
rseands
tab
lewa
terf
lowshou
ldbese
lec
ted.
Disp
lacemen
toft
he
f
lapgatei
nther
iverreachwi
thcompl
exflowregimeort
hefl
apgatewit
had
ischa
rgi
ngcapac
ityex
-
ceed
ing1000m3/sshal
lbedemonst
ratedth
roughhyd
raul
icmode
lt t.
es
82
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

5.
6.2.
2 Whent
hes
lui
cei
sbu
iltont
her
ive
rdowns
tream eofmu
lti
-tr
ibu
tar
ycon
fluence,t
hega
te
s
iteshou
ldbese
lec
teda
tthepos
iti
on wi
thsmoot
hands
teadyf
low cond
iti
onsdowns
tream o
fthe
con
fluence.

5.
6.2.
3 Theax
iso
fthef
lapga
tesha
llbeve
rti
calt
othewa
terf
lowd
irec
tionoft
her
ive
rreach;t
he
wi
dthoft
hega
tesha
llmee
tther
equ
iremen
tsofd
ischa
rgedes
ignandcheckf
lood.

5.
6. 2.
4 Theconnec
tionofthefl
apgate wit
hbothbanksshal
lmaket he wat
erflowi
ngsmooth
ly
th
rought
hega
te.Theconnec
tionbetweentheups
tr /
eam downst
ream wing wa
llsandbot
hendsof
thebankpi
ershal
lbesmooth;thel
engthalongthewat
erflowdi
rec
tionsha
llbede
termi
nedaccor
d-
i
ngt othei
nle
t/outl
etwa
terflowcond
itionsandthean
ti-
scou
rrequ
iremens.
t

5.
6.3 Const
ruct
ionofthef
lapgate

5.
6. 3.
1 Br oad
-cr
ested we
irortrapezo
idprac
ticalweirshoul
dbeadoptedforthetypeofthef
lap
fa
teweir.Thewe i
rcres
televa
tionshal
lbedeterminedinaccor
dancewi
ththete
rra
in,geo
logy,wa-
t
erl l,f
eve l
owr a
te,sed iment,cons
truct
ionandoverhaulcond
itons,andshou
i l
dbe0.5mh i
ghe
r
t
hantheaverageeleva
tiono ftheups
treamrive
rbedt
er r
ai ;
nt hewe i
rcr
estwidt
hsha
llmee
tthere
-
qu
iremen
tsofi
nst
all
ati
onandove
rhau
loft
hef
lapga
te.

5.
6.3.
2 Thesec
tiona
lleng
thoft
hega
tebases
labsha
llbei
nha
rmonywi
tht
hespanoft
hef
lapga
te;
thejo
intsontheba
sesl
abshouldbela
idoutonthej
oint
soft
hef lapga
te.Thesect
ionall
engt
ho fthe
gatebasesl
abonther
ockfoundat
ionshou
ldno ;
texceed20m t hesect
iona
lleng
tho fthegatebase
s
labont
heso
ilf
ounda
tionshou
ldnotexceed35m.

5.
6.3.
3 Whenthewidt
hofthefl
apgat
eisgreate
rthan50m,t hed
ivi
dingpi
ersshou
ldbea
rranged
i
nthemi
ddl
etosepa
rat
ethefl
apgat
eintoseve
ralpar
t ;
st henumberoffl
apgat
esshoul
dbe5t o8.
Thedist
anceextendedups
treamf
romt
heendo
fthed
ivi
dingp
iert
othel
ead
ingedgeo
fthef
ace
sha
llnotbelessthan3m.

5.
6.3.
4 Thep
rot
ect
ionp
ier
smaybea
rrangedi
nfr
ontoft
hef
lapga
tef
aces
lab;t
hef
ixeds
truc
tur
e
ofthepull
inganchorforfl
apgatema i
ntenancesha
llbebu
riedi
nt hebasesl
abo rbutt
ressbehindthe
gat
e .Them a
intenanceaccessshou
ldbea r
rangedbehi
ndthebut
tressofthefl
apg a
te ,andt
h ew i
dth
shou
ldbe0.
6 m.

6.5.
3.5 Thededica
tedpipedit
chshou
ldbea r
rangedinthebu
ttr
essandbases
labofthehydrau
lic
-
assi
stedf
lapgat
et; her
eservedpi
peditchd
imensionsha
llmeetther
equi
remen
tsofconnec
tinghy-
d
rau
liccy
linde
rando
ilp
ipeandt
het
hicknessofconc
ret
ecove
ringi
ntheseconds
tage.

5.
6.3.6 Thehyd
rau
licpumps
tat
ionandt
hee
lec
tri
calequ
ipmen
tfort
hehyd
rau
liccon
tro
lsys
tem
sha
llbel
aidou
tint
hecon
tro
lroom.Necessa
ryspacef
orequ
ipmen
tins
tal
lat
ionandma
int
enanceas
wel
lasapass
agewi
thawidt
hnotlesst
han0.
8 msha
llberese
rvedinthecont
rolr
oom.E
lec
tri
cal
equ
ipmen
tshal
lbep
rot
ect
edaga
ins
tdust,moi
stu
re,s
altsp
ray,fros
tandsand.

83
SHP/TG 002
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2019

5.
6.4 Des
ignofthef
lapgate

6.5.
4.
1 Thewa t
erdep
thforopen
ingtheflapgat
eshoul
dbe0.1 mto0.
25 m deepert
hanthegate
t ,
op thewa
terdept
hforc
losi
ngthega
t eupstr
eamofthewe
irshoul
dnotbelessthan0.
9timest
he
ve
rti
calga
tehe
igh
tandt
hemax
imumf
lapp
ingang
leoft
hef
lapga
teshou
ldnotbemor
et °.
han80

5.
6. 4.
2 Thef
lapga
teshou
ldadop
tp ref
abri
cat
edr e
infor
cedconcre
tes
truct
ure;theas
sembl
y mem-
be
rsshou
ldbecomposedoftheface
-pla
te,outr
iggerandbuttr
ess,whichsha
llmeettherequ
ire
-
men
tso
fst
reng
th,an
ti-
cra
cki
nganddu
rab
il
ity.

6.5.
4.3 The ga
teface
-pl
ateshal
ladoptdoub
le-
can
til
ever
-beam s
truc
tur
e wi
thdoub
leoutr
iggers
(l
ongi
tud
ina )
lbeams .Theheigh
tofg r
avit
ycentr
eoft hef
lapgatebodyshou
ldnotbe mor
et han
0.
45t
imest
hega
tebodyhe
i t.
gh

6.5.
4.4 Thebutt
resssha
lladop
tr e
inf
orcedconcret
est
ruc
tue.Thebo
r ttom oft
heprecastbut
tress
shal
lbeinse
rtedint
othefoundat
ioncup;theinse
rtdep
thsha
llno
tbelesst
hantwi
cet heleng
thof
t
hesho
rtedge.

6.5.
4.
5 Theventhol
essha
llbear
rangedinthegat
epie
ro ft
hefl
apgatef
orsupp
lyi
ngairbeneat
h
thegae.
t Thebo
ttomoft
heventholeshou
ldbela
idoutatt
hepos
iton1/3o
i ft
hegatehe
ightbehi
nd
t
hega
te.Thet
ope
leva
tiono
ftheven
tho
lesha
llbede
termi
neda
ccor
dingt
othecheckf
loodl
eve
l
l
pust
hef
reeboa
rd.

5.
6. 4.
6 Thei dl
erwheelshouldbe madeofcas
tironorcas
tst
eel,theconnec
tingrodshou
ldbe
madeofshapedst l,t
ee herail
sshouldbe madeofr
ails
tee
lorcas
tsteel,t
he mainshaf
tshou
ldbe
madeof#45s t
eel,t
hewhee lsea
tshouldbemadeofshee
tmater
ialo
rcastst
eelandt
heguidera
il
l
pateshou
ldbemadeo fnodu
larcasti
ron;thes
tee
lmembe r
ssha
llmeetther
equir
ementsofst
ruc-
t
ura
lst
reng
th.

6.5.
4.7 Fort
heweirbodyofthefl
apgae,t
t hean ti
-sl
ipstab
il
ity,st
ruct
uralstr
ess,stab
il
ityagains
t
seepagef
lowandener
gy d
iss
ipat
ionandant
i-scourshal
l becal
cul
ated;m eanwhi
le,theinf
luenceof
ene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionunde
run
favou
rab
le wor
kingcond
iti
onsl
ikecen
tra
lizede
ffl
uen
tduet
oga
tej
am-
mi
ngandove
rhau
lsha
llbecons
ide
red.

5.
6.5 Ca
lcu
lat
ionofthef
lapgated
ischa
rge

5.
6.5.1 Hydrau
licau
tomati
ccont
rolf
lapga
tecani
ndependen
tlycomp
leteopen
ing,fu
llyopen
ingand
c
los
ingac
tionsofthegat
ewi t
hthehelpofhyd
rau
licpoweranddead wei
ghtofthegate.The ma
in
des
ignandope
rat
ioni
ndexesf
ort
hef
lapga
tesha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Whent
her
eisnospec
ialr
equ
iremen
tfort
hep
rimi
ngl
eve
loft
hega
te,t
hewa
terl
eve
lsha
llbe
0.
1 mt
o0.
25mh
ighe
rthant
hega
tet
op whent
hega
tei
scosed.
l

b) Thed
ipang
leoft
hef
ace
-pl
atea
fte
rthega
tei
sfu
llyt
urnedmaybede
termi
nedaccor
dingt
othe
84
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

f
ixedwe
irhe
i t,t
gh her
ive
rchanne
lgr
adi
entandt
hebackwa
tere
ff t,andsha
ec llbe75
°t °.
o80

c) Thea
rmo
ffo
rcef
orback
ingof
fthega
tesha
llbe0.
08mt
o0.
16m.

5.
6.5.
2 Thed
ischa
rgeoft
hef
lapga
tei
sami
xtu
reo
fwe
irf
low ont
hega
teandor
ifi
cef
lowunde
r
t
hegae.
t Thewaterdi
scha
rget
hrought
hef
lapga
temaybeca
lcu
lat
edacco
rdi
ngt
othewe
irf
lowFor
-
mul ( )
a 14 t ( )
o 17 .

Q = mcB 2gH1.
0
5
…………………………(14 )

æS1 ö 2 æS1 ö
c =-0.
560ç ÷ +1. 554ç ÷ -0.
041 ……………………(15 )
èS2 ø èS2 ø

S1 =B × (
H2 - H ×cosα) …………………………(16 )

S2 =H2 × B …………………………(17 )

Whent
hewa
terf
lowi
sdi
scha
rgedf
ree
lyt
hrought
heho
lesi
nthef
lapga
tewe
ir,t
hecoe
ffi
ci tm
en
ofwaterd
ischa
rgethr
ought
hega
teandt
hecor
rec
tionf
act
orc maybeca
lcu
lat
edaccor
dingt
othe
Formu
la ( )
s 18 t ( )
o 19 .

a) Fort
heb
road
-cr
est
edwe
irwi
thc
ircu
lar
-beadi
nltedge:
e

when0<H1/H2 <3.
0

3- H1/H2
m =0.
32+0.
01 ……………………(18 )
0.
46+0.75H1/H2

0,m =0.
whenH1/H2 ≥3. 32

b) Fort
heb
road
-cr
est
edwe
irwi
thr
igh
t-ang
ledi
nltedge:
e

0,
when0<H1/H2 <3.

3- H1/H2
m =0.
36+0.
01 ………………(19 )
2+1.
1. 5H1/H2

0,
whenH1/H2 ≥3. m =0.
36

whe
re

Q i
sthewa
terd
ischa
rget
hroughga
te,i
nm3/s;

m i
sthed
ischa
rgecoe
ffi
cien
tfo
rbr
oad
-cr
est
edwe
ir;

c i
sthecor
rec
tionf
act
or;wi
thcons
ide
rat
iong
ivent
othei
nfl
uenceoft
hewa
terb
lock
ingby
85
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

t
hef
ace
-pl
ateandt
hebu
ttr
essaswe
llast
hes
idecon
tra
cton;
i

S1 i
stheopena
reawhent
hewa
teri
sbl
ockedbyt
hega
tel
eaf,i
nm2 ;

S2 i
st heopena r
eaabovethewe
irc
res
tatsamewa
terl
eve
lwhent
hewa
teri
sno
tbl
ockedby
thegat
el ea
fi, nm2
;

B i
sthewi
dthoft
hepas
singf
low,i
nm;

g i
sthea
cce
ler
ati
ono
fgr
avi
ty,t 81m/s2 ;
ake9.

H0 i
sthewa
terheadi
ncl
udi
ngt
heapp
roa
chi
ngve
loc
ity,i
nm;

H1 i
sthewe
irhe
i t,i
gh nm;

H2 i
sthewa
terdep
thove
rthe We
ir,i
nm;

H i
sthehe
igh
toft
hega
te,i
nm;

α i
stheove
rtu
rni
ngga
teang
lei
ntheve
rti
cald
irec
tion,i
n(°).

7 Wate
rre
leasest
ructu
re

7.
1 Sp
illway

1.
7.1 Gene
ralp
rov
isi
ons

7.1.
1.1 Thelayouto
ft heri
vers
idespi
llway mayincludet
heint
akechannel,con
tro
lsec
tion,d
is-
char
gechut ,
e ene r
gydis
s i
pat
ionandan
ti-scou
rfaci
li
tiesandou
tle l.
tchanne

1.
7.1.
2 Thel
ayou
toft
hesp
il
lwaysha
llbecomp
rehens
ive
lycons
ide
redi
ncomb
ina
tionwi
tht
hegen
-
e
rall
ayou
toft
hep
roec
j tt
opr
even
tmu
tua
lin
ter
fer
enceo
fst
ruc
tur
essuchast
hef
loodd
ischa
rgeand
powe
rgene
rat
ioni
nthel t.
ayou

1.
7.1.
3 Thed
ischa
rgeandene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionsha
llber
easonab
lyse
lec
tedf
ort
hel
ayou
tofsp
ilway;
l
t
heou t
letwa
terf
lowsha
llbesmoot
hlyconnec
tedtothedownstr
eamriverchanne
ltoavoi
dseri
ous
eros
ionands
cour
ingo
fthedownst
reamriverbedandbanks
lopesby wat
erflow,andthesed
imen-
t
ati
onoft
her
ive l,soast
rchanne oensu
ret
henorma
lope
rat
iono
fot
hers
truc
tur
esoft
hep
roec
j t.

1.
7. 1.
4 Favou
rab
let
err
ain and geo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onssha
llbese
lec
tedf
ort
hel
oca
tion oft
he
spi
llway.Thel
oca
tionsha
llbeont
hebanko
rint
hepassandt
heh
ighs
lopef
ormedduet
oexcava
tion
shouldbeavoded.
i

1.
7.1.5 Whenthegr
adi
entofthedamabutmentsonbothbanksishighandthelayou
tr equi
resrela
-
t
ive
lyabr
o adwid
thofover
flowlead
in ed
g g e,thes
ide
-channe
l i
nle
to rothertypesofinl
etsm aybe
86
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

adop
ted.

1.
7.1.
6 Thesp
il
lwaysha
llbel
aidou
tont
hes
tab
lef
ounda
tion,andsu
ffi
cien
tat
ten
tionsha
llbepa
id
t
othenega
tivei
nfl
uenceo
fhyd
rogeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onsont
hes
tab
il
ityoft
hes
truc
tur
esands
ide
s
lopesa
fte
rthecomp
let
ionoft
her
ese
rvo
ir.

1.
7. 1.
7 Thespi
llwayinl
etandout
letsha
llbelai
doutt
oensuresmoothwaterf
low.Theaxisoft
he
sp
il
lwayshou
ldbes t
rai
ght;whenitisnecess
arytomakeat
urn,thebendshou
ldbearr
angedi
nthe
i
nta
kechanne
lort
heou
tle
tchanne
lsec
tion.

1.
7.1.
8 Whent
hesp
il
lwayi
sla
idou
tnea
rthedamabu t,i
tmen tsl
ayou
tandd
ischa
rgesha
llno
tin
-
f
luencet
hes
tab
il
ityoft
hedamabu
tmen
tsandbanks
lopes.

1.
7.1.
9 Thes
tandbypowe
rsupp
lysha
llbep
rov
idedf
ort
hega
teho
istandt
heba
sicpump
ingapp
li-
ancef
ort
hesp
il
lwayt
oensu
rer
eli
abl
epowe
rsupp
ly.

1.
7.1.
10 Whenequ
ipped wi
thbot
htheno
rma
lsp
il
lwayandt
heext
raor
dina
rysp
ilway,t
l hef
lood
di
scha
rgecapac
ityoftheno rma
lspi
llwayshou
ldnotbel
essthanthevaluerequi
redundert
hedesign
f
loodstanda
rd.Openspi
llwayshou
ldbeusedf ort
heext
raor
dina
rypsil
lw ay.Themaximumt ot
aldi
s-
cha
rgeoft
heex
traor
dina
rysp
il
lwaysha
llnotexceedt
hena
tur
alf
looda
tthesamef
requencyont
he
dams
ite.

1.
7.2 Layoutofthesp
illway

1.
7.2.
1 Thel
ayou
toft
hei
ntakechanne
lsha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) Favou
rab
legeo
log
ica
landt
opog
raph
ica
lcond
iti
onssha
llbese
lec
ted.

b) Theax
isd
irec
tionsha
llbese
lec
tedt
oensu
resmoot
hwa
teri
nfl
ow.

c) Whentheint
akechannelisrel
ati
velylong,thetrans
iti
onsect
ionshoul
dbear
rangedbefor
ethe
con
tro
lsec
tion,anditsleng
thsha l
lbedeterminedaccord
ingt
otheflowve
loc
itybutshoul
dnot
bel
esst
hantwi
cet
hewa
terdep
thi
nfr
onto
fthewe
ir.

d) Whenthechanne
lneedsto makeaturn,thetur
ningradi
usoftheax
isshoul
dnotbeles
sthan
4t
imesthechannelbot
tom widt ,
h andthest
raightsec
tionbe
tweenthebendandt
hecontr
ol
we
ir(
gae)shou
t ldno
tbel
esst
hantwi
cet
hewe
irhead.

1.
7.2.
2 Thei
nle
toft
hei
ntakechanne
lsha
llbel
aidou
taccor
dingt
othel
oca
lcond
iti
onssoast
o
makethewaterf
lowente
rthechannelsmoot
hlyandt
heshapeoftheinl
etshou
ldbesimpe.When
l
t
heinl
etisl
aidoutont
hedamabu tment,t
heguidewa
llwi
thcurvedsu
rfacei
nthewat
erfl
owdir
ec-
t
ionshal
lbear
rangedonthes
idecloset
othedam;t hes
idecl
osetot
heh i
llmaybeexcavat
edor
l
inedi
ntotheregu
larcu
rvedsur
face.Whenthei
nle
ti sl
aidouti
napa ssfac
ingt
hereservo
ir,i
t
shou
ldbel
aidou
tinsymme
tri
calo
rbas
ica
llysymme
tri
calbe
ll
-mou
t ype.
ht
87
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

1.
7. 2.
3 Whent hebo
ttom widt
ho fthei
ntakechanne
lsh
rinksi
nt hewate
rflowd
irect
ion,thera
tio
ofbot
tom wi
dthsattheheadworkandattheta
ilendofint
akechanne
lshoul
dbe1t o3,thebot
tom
wi
dthsha
llbeequa
ltot
heove
rfl
owl
ead
ingedgea
ttheconnec
tionwi
tht
hecon
tro
lsec
tionandt
he
bases
labshou
ldbef
latorhaveasma
lladve
rses
lope.

1.
7.2.4 Thebo
t t
omoft heint
akechanne
lonbed rockmaynotbel
ined;whent heheadlossisrel
a-
t
ive
lygrea
torthenon
-scour
ingveloc
ityrequ
irementcanno
tbemet,thenecess
ityforl
iningsha
llbe
de
termi
nedt
hrougheconomi
ccompa
rison.Whent
hel
itho
logyi
spoor,i
tsha
llbel
ined.

7.1.
2.
5 Thecurva
turerad
iusoft
heho r
izon
tala
rcofthevert
ica
lgui
de wa
llf
o rt
hei n
takechannel
shou
ldnotbel
essthantwicet
hechannelbot
tom wi
dt ,
h thel
engthoft
heguide wa
llinthe wate
r
f
lowd
irec
tionshou
ldbemor
ethantwi
cet
he wa
terdep
thi
nfr
ontoft
he we
irandt
hee
leva
tionof
t
hegu
idewa
llc
res
tsha
llbeh
ighe
rthant
hemax
imumr
ese
rvo
irwa
terl
eve
ldu
ringf
loodd
ischa
rge.

● Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othei
ntakechanne
lad
jacen
ttot
heea
rthandr
ock
fildambody,t
l hegu
idewa
llsha
ll
bea
tlea
stl
ongenought
obl
ockt
hes
lopet
oeo
fthedam.

● Wit
hregardtothegui
dewa
llwit
hint
hed i
stanceoftwicethewaterdep
thi nfron
to ftheweirto
t
hecont
rolsect
ion,t
hewal
lcr
ownshallbehigherthanthemax
i mumreser
v oi
rw ate
r l
eveldur
ing
f
loodcon
trl.
o

● Wi
threga
rdt
otheguide wa
llt
hati
smor et
hantwicethel
engthofwa
terdept
hi nfron
tofthe
we
i ,
ritmaybear
rangedasasubmergencet ,
ype andit
swallc
rownsha
llbeapprop
ria
tel
yhi
gher
t
hant
hedamf
ace.

7.1.
2.6 Thedes
ignofthecontr
olsect
ionsha
lli
ncl
udethe we
ir(ga
te)con
tro
ll
ingt
hedischa
rgi
ng
capac
ityandt
heconnec
tings
tructu
resonbothsdes.These
i lect
ionoft
hecont
rolwer(
i gate)axis
sha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thegene
rall
ayou
trequ
iremen
tsf
ort
hei
nt l,d
akechanne ischa
rgechu
te,ene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionand
an
ti-
scou
rfa
cil
it
iesandt
heou
tle
tchanne
lsha
llbecomp
rehens
ive
lycons
ide
red.

b) Ther
equ
iremen
tsoft
hes
truc
tur
esf
ors
treng
th,s
tab
il
ity,an
ti-pe
rmeab
il
ityanddu
rab
il
ity of
f
ounda
tionsha
l t.
lbeme

c) I
tsha
llf
aci
li
tat
eex
ter
nalt
raf
ficandt
hel
ayou
tofs
truc
tur
esonbot
hsdes.
i

d) Whent
hecon
tro
lwe
ir(
gae)i
t scl
oset
othedamabu t,
tmen i
tsha
llbei
nha
rmony wi
tht
hedam
l t.
ayou

e) I
tshal
lfaci
li
tatethel
ayoutofanti
-seepagesysem;t
t heant
i-seepaged
rainagesys
temi
ncl
udi
ng
thewate
rs topforwei (
r ga
t )
e andbo thbank (
s o )
rdam shal
lf ormanint
eg ra
lsys
tem.

1.
7.2.
7 Thecon
tro
lwe
irt
ypesha
llbese
lec
tedt
hroughcomp
rehens
ivet
echn
ica
landeconomi
ccom-
88
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

par
isoninaccordancewi
ththetopogr
aphi
calandgeol
ogi
calcondi
tions,hyd
raul
iccond
iti
onsandop-
er
ationa
lrequi
remen s.Thep
t r
acti
calwer,b
i road-
cres
tedweirandhump we i
rmaybeapp l
iedbot
hin
opentypeandwithbreas
twa ll.Theopenoverf
low weirshoul
dbep re
fer
red.Thenecess
ityofar
ran-
gi
ngthega t
eonthewe i
rc res
tsha l
lbedemonstr
atedanddeterminedf
romtheaspect
so feng
inee
ring
saf
et ,
yf l
oodregul
ati ,
on r eservoi
ropera
tionandproec
j tinvestment.

1.
7.2.8 The wei
rcres
tofsidespi
llway maybeprov
ided withoutagae.Thec
t r
oss-
sec
tionofthe
s
idechanne
lshou
ldbeanar
row-deeptrapezo
ida
lcr
oss-sec
tion;thesl
opeonthes
ideofthehi
llmay
bede
termi
nedacco
rdi
ngt
othecha
rac
ter
ist
icso
fthebed
rockandt
hes
lopeont
hes
ideoft
he we
ir
maybe1∶0.
5t 9.
o1∶0.

1.
7. 2.
9 Thet ypeanddimens
iono fthega
tep i
ershal
lmeett
herequ
irementsoft
hegate(inc
lud
ing
ga
teslot),l
ayoutofacces
sbridgeandservi
ceb r
idge,a
swella
sthewa te
rflowcond
itons,s
i tr
uc-
t
ure,ope
rat
iona
landove
rhau
lrequ
iremen
ts.

1.
7. 2.
10 Thel ayoutoft
hese
rvi
cebridgeandtheaccessbri
dgeforthecon
tro
lwe ir(
gate)sha
llbe
de
terminedaccordi
ngtother
equi
rementsofthegateho i
s ,
t ope
rati ,
on observa
ti ,
on over
hauland
tra
ffic.
Iftheb
ridgesa
reusedforfl
oodp reven
tionandeme r
gencyrescue,these
rviceb
ridgeandthe
accessbri
dgeshal
lbearr
angedsepara
tey,andt
l heclea
ranceunderthebri
dgeshal
lmeettherequi
re-
men
tso
ffood,i
l ceanddeb
risd
ischa
rg.

1.
7.2.11 Thetope
levat
ionofthegatep
ier,thebr
eastwal
lorthequaywal
lofthesp
il
lwayshal
lnot
bel
owe rt
hant
hecheckfloodl
evelp
lusthefr
eeboardva
luewhenthecheckf
loodisd
ischa
r ;
ged and
t
hec
res
tel
eva
tionsha
llnotbel
owe
rthant
hedes
ignf
loodl
eve
lort
henorma
lrese
rvo
irl
eve
lpl
us
t
hecal
culat
edhe
ightoft
hewaveandthef
reeboa
rdval
uewhenthewat
erisblocked.Whenthesp
il
l-
wayi
sc l
osetothedamabu
tment,t
hetopeleva
tiono
fthecon
tro
lsect
ionshallbecons
ist
entwith
t
hedamc
res
tel
eva
tion.

7.
1.2.
12 Thel
ayou
toft
hel
ong
itud
ina
lgr
adi
ent,t
hep
laneandt
hec
ros
s-sec
tiono
fthed
ischa
rge
chu
tesha
llbede
termi
nedt
hrougheconomi
candt
echn
ica
lcompa
risoni
naccor
dance wi
tht
het
opo-
graph
ica
landgeolog
ica
lcond
itionsandthehydrau
liccondi
tions.Whense
tti
ngt
hebendont
hep
lane
ofthedischa
rgechu
te,thefo
llowingrequ
irementsshoul
dbeme t.

a) Thef
lowve
loc
ityd
ist
ribu
tionsha
llbeun
iformi
nthec
ross
-sec
tion.

b) Theshockwaveha
sli
ttl
ein
fluenceont
hef
lowd
ist
urbance.

c) Thegen
tlet
rans
iti
onsec
tionmaybea
rrangedbe
tweent
hes
tra
igh
tsec
tionandt
hebendsec
tion.

d) Thet
ransve
rseg
rad
ien
tshou
ldbea
rrangeda
tthechanne
lbot
tomi
nthebendandt
hegen
tle
t
rans
iti
onsec
tions.

e) Thebendr
adiuso
ftherec
tangul
arcr
oss-sec
tionbendshou
ldbe6to10timesthedis
chargechut
e
wid
th;withr
egardt
othedischa
rgechut
ew ithalarged
ischa
r i
n ca
gg p yac
it andhi
gh fl
o wvel
oci-
89
SHP/TG 002
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2019

y,t
t hebendpa
rame
tershou
ldbede
termi
nedt
hrought
hehyd
rau
licmode
lt t.
es

f) Thelongi
tud
ina
lgr
adi
entofthedi
scha
rgechu t
eshoul
dbeg rea
terthanthecri
ticals
lopeofthe
wate
rf l ;
ow whenthegrad
ien
tneedstochangeduet
ot her
estr
ict
i ,
ons thel
ongitudi
nalgr
adi
ent
changeshou
ldno
tbeexces
sive,andi
tshou
ldchangef
rom gen
tlet
oseep.
t

g) Thedischar
gechuteshoul
demp loyarectangu
larcross
-sec
tion.Whent
hetrapezo
ida
lcross
-sec
-
t
ionisusedi ncombi
nati
onwi ththerockexcavaton,t
i heg r
adi
entofthesidesl
opeshoul
dnot
beles
st han1∶1.5,anda t
ten
tionsha
llbepa i
dt otheunevenfl
owve l
oci
tycausedthe
reby.

1.
7.2.13 Thet
ypeo
fene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionandan
ti-
scou
rfac
il
it
iesoft
hesp
il
lwaysha
llbese
lec
ted
t
hroughtechni
calandeconomi ccompari
soni
na ccordancewiththetopograph
icalandgeo
logica
lcon-
di
tions,d
ischargecond
iti
o ns,oper
ati
o nmode, dow ns
tream wate
rd ept
h ,an
ti-
scourca ac
i
p yt ofthe
r
i rbed,ene
ve rgyd
iss
ipa
tionandan
ti-
scou
rrequ
iremen
ts,connec
tiont
odowns
tream wa
terf
low
andi
nfluenceono
t hers
truct
u es.
r Theri
vers
ideove
rfl
owspil
lwaymayemp l
oytheenergydiss
ipa
tion
bytr
ajector e
yjtschemeo rtheenergydi
ssi
pat
ionbyunde
rfl
ows ,
cheme andt
hef acefl ,
ow bucket
f
loworot
herene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionschemesmaybeadop
tedaswe
ll.

1.
7. 2.
14 Theene
rgydi
ssi
pat
ionbythetra
ject
or e
yjtschememaybeusedforproec
j t
sonr ockfoun
-
da
tionwi
thhighormed
ium wat
erheads;thefl
ipt
raec
j tor
ybucke
tfac
il
ityfort
hespil
lway mayem-
pl
oytheequi
valen
twi d
thtype,d
iffus
iontypeorcont
rac
tiontype.Thef
lipbucke
tsmaybecont
inu-
ous,di
ffe
rent
ialorofabno
rmalshapes.Whenenergydi
ssipa
tionbytra
ject
oryjets sused,
chemei
t
hei
nfl
uenceso
fthea
tomi
zat
iono
fje
tfl
owandt
hemudmi
stoft
heheav
ilysed
imen
tladenr
ive
ron
thesaf
etyandno rmalope
rati
ono fotherstruct
uresoft
hep roec
j tandt hebankslopesshal
lbeseri
-
ousl
y cons
ider
e d.I
nthefol
lowing cases,the ro
p p e
rm easur
ess ha
llbeimplement
e dfortr
eatment.

a) The weaks
truct
ura
lsurface wi
tht
hel ow-angl
edi
pandfau
ltf
ractu
rezonesextendingtot
he
downstr
eam ofthefoundat
i ,
on which may becu
toffbythescouri
ngpi ,
t endanger
ingt
he
s
afe
tyo
fthes
truc
tues.
r

b) Thebanks
lopesmaybedes
troyed,endange
ringt
hes
tab
il
ityofdamabu
tmen
torb
lock
ingt
he
ou
tle
tchanne
lordowns
treamr
ive l.
rchanne

c) Thedowns
treamsu
rgeandback
flowendange
rthesa
fet
yandnorma
lope
rat
ionoft
hedamand
ot
hers
truc
tues.
r

1.
7.2.
15 Bot
tomf
low ene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tion maybeusedf
ora
llk
indsoff
ounda
tionsort
hep
roec
j t
s
wit
hst
ric
trequi
remen
tsforf
lowregime.
Bo t
tomf lowenergydi
ssi
pat
ionf
aci
li
tiesmayinc
ludesti
ll-
i
ngbas
inswithafl
atbot
tom ors
lope,di
ffusion
-typedi
sti
ll
ingbas
inandcont
ract
ion
-typedis
til
li
ng
basi
naswe
llasal
lki
ndsofauxi
li
aryenergyd
issi
pat
ers.Whennecess
ary,t
hemu l
ti
-st
ages
til
li
ngba
-
si
nmaybearr ,
anged anda
tten
tionshal
lbepaidtothesed
imentabras
ionprob
lem.

7.
1.2.
16 Sur
facefl
owene r
gydiss
ipati
onmaybeusedf ort
heproec
j twheret hedownstreamta
ilwa-
te
rleve
lish
igherthant
h ewat
erde t
pha f
terthe um
j p andt
h ewat
erleve
l var
iati
o nisnotgr
eat,and
90
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

t
her
ive
rbedandbo
thbank
shaver
ela
tive
lyh
ighan
ti-
scou
rcapac
itywi
thi
nace
rta
i cope,o
ns rwhe
re
i
ced
ischa
rgei
srequ
ired.

1.
7. 2.
17 Thebucketorbucket
-typeene
rgydiss
ipa
termaybeusedf
orthepr
ojec
tswherethedown
-
st
ream wa
terdept
hi sgr
eaterthanthe wa
terdepthaf
tert
hejump,thedownstreamr
ive
rbedand
bot
hbank
shaveace
rta
inan
ti-
scou
rcapac
ity,bu
titshou
ldnotbeused wheni
tisr
equ
iredt
odi
s-
cha
rgedeb
ris.Thed
ivi
ding wa
llshou
ldbea
rrangeddowns
tream.

1.
7.2.18 Whent he wat
erdischargedf
romt hespi
llwaycoul
dno tbed i
rect
lydischa
rgedi ntothe
ri
ve rchanne
la f
terenergydiss
ipat
i ,
onandcausesdamages theoutletchanne
lshal
lbea rranged.The
select
ionoft heoutl
etchannelrou
teshal
lbeeconomi ca
landreasonabl ,
e andi tsaxisdir
ec t
ionshal
l
conf
ormtothedownstreamriverr ime.The wi
eg d
tho ft
heout
letchanne
lshallpr
even
tthe wate
r
fl
owf r
omconcen
tra
tingexcessi
vey,andavo
l i
dt heha
rmfuls
couroftheref
rac
tivefl
owontheri
ver
s.
bank

1.
7.3 Hyd
rau
licdes
ign

7.
1.3.
1 The hydrau
lic designf orthe spi
llway shoul
di nc
ludet he ca
lcul
a t
ion ofthe d
ischarge
capaci
ty,shapedesigno fthef l
ow bounda y,ca
r l
culat
iono fthe wa
t e
rsu r
facep rof
ileandhydrau
lic
gradeli ,
ne hyd
raul
iccalcula
tiono ft ,
hebend hyd raul
iccal
cula
tionoftheene rgydiss
ipati
onandant i
-
scou
randcav
ita
tionr
esi
stancedes
ignf
ort
heh
igh
-speedf
lowa
rea.
Thehyd
rau
licdes
ignoft
hesp
il
l-
waysha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thed
ischa
rgecapa
cit
ysha
llsa
tis
fyt
hed
ischa
rgef
lowr
equ
iredunde
rthedes
ignandcheckcon
-
d
itons.
i

b) Theshapesha
llber
easonab
leands
imp
le,t
he wa
terf
lowsha
llbesmoot
hands
tab
le,andt
he
cav
ita
tionsha
llbeavo
ided.

c) Thed
ischa
rged wa
terf
lowr
egimeandt
he wa
terf
lowsha
llmee
tther
equ
iremen
tsofscou
ring
ands
il
tingont
her
i rbed.
ve

7.1.
3.
2 Thehydr
aul
icdesi
gno ft
heinle
tchanne
lshal
lmaket he wate
rfl
owi nthechanne
lsmooth
andstab
le,t
hewate
rleve
lfluc
tua
tionandthetr
ansve
rse wa
te rsur
facegrad
ientsha
llbes l
igh
tand
t
heba
ckf
lowandvor
texsha
llbeavo
ided.

1.
7. 3.
3 Thedes ignd
ischa
rgevel
ocityi
nthein
letchannelshal
lbeg
r ea
tert
hanthenon-
sil
tingve
loci-
tyofthesuspendedl
oadbu tl
essthanthenon-scou
ringveloci
tyofthechanne ,
l andtheheadl oss
sha
llber
ela
tive
lysma
ll.Thedes
ignd
ischa
rgeve
loc
ityo
fthechanne
lshou
l o5m/s.
dbe3m/st

1.
7.3.
4 Thechanne
lwa
tersu
rfacecu
rve maybeca
lcu
lat
ed wi
tht
hes
tepwi
sesumma
tionp
rocess
me
thodi
nacco
rdancewi
tht
heene
rgyequa
tiones
tab
lishedont
heba
sisoft
hecon
tro
lsec
tionf
rom
t
heheado
fthed
ive
rsi
onchanne
ltot
he3t
o5t
imest
hewe
irheadi
nfr
ontoft
hewe
ir.
91
SHP/TG 002
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2019

1.
7. 3.
5 Wi t
hregar
dtoopen
-typeprac
tica
lwe i
rs(i
ncludi
ngforwardwei
randsi
deweir),t
hedown -
st
ream we
irsur
faceoft
hewe i
rcres
tshou ldbeca
lcul
atedaccor
dingt
o WEStypepowercurve,and
t
heups
tream we
irheado
fthe we
irc
res
tshou
ldbeca
lcu
lat
edbyus
ingb
i-a
rc,t
ri-
arcore
ll
ipt
ica
l
cu
rves.

7.1.
3.
6 Whent helow p
racti
calwei
risse
lec
ted,theupstr
eam weirheightshoul
dbeP1≥0. 3Hdand
thedowns
tream we
irheightshou
ldbeP2≥0.6Hd ,wher
e H dre
fer
s t
o t
h eestab
lisheddes
ig eadof
nh
t
hewe
irsu
rfacecu
rve.Thewe
irsu
rfa
cecu
rvei
ssubsequen
tlyconnec
tedt
oas
tra
igh
tsec
tion,and
t
heg
rad
ien
tshou
ldbeg
rea
tert
han1∶1.

1.
7.3.7 Whentherat
ioofthemaximumheadabovethewe i
rcr
estt
ot heori
ficehe
ightHmax/D >2,
ort
hegat
eisfu
llyopenedbutwat
erdischa
rgei
ssti
llrega
rdeda
sori
ficedi
schar ,
ge thecu
rveoft he
wei
rsurf
acedowns
tream oft
heorif
iceshou
ldemp l
oythepa
rabo
laf
orm.Thebot
tom edgeo
fthe
b
reastwal
lmayemploytheel
li
pse,arcorot
h e
r t
ypes.

1.
7.3.
8 Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othel
ow we
irwi
tht
hewe
irhe
igh
tles han3 m,t
st heb
road
-cr
est
ed we
iror
t
hehump we
irmaybeadop
ted.

1.
7. 3.9 Thewe
irsu
rfa
cep
res
sur
enea
rthep
rac
tica
lwe
irc
res
tsha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
ro-
vi
sions:

a) Thenega
tivep
ressu
resha
llnotoccu
ront
he we
irsu
rfa
ce whent
hega
tei
sfu
llyopenf
orf
re-
quen
tfl
ood
ing.

b) Thenega
tivep
ressu
reva
luenea
rthewe
irc
res
tsha
llnotbemor
ethan0.
03MPawhent
hedes
ign
f
loodga
tei
sfu
llyopen.

c) Thenega
tivep
res
sur
eva
luenea
rthewe
irc
res
tsha
llnotbemor
ethan0.
06MPawhent
hecheck
f
loodga
tei
sfu
llyopen.

7.1.
3.10 Ther
adusR o
i ft
hean t
i-a
rcconnect
edbetweentheendo fthep r
actica
lwe i
randt hed
is-
char
g echut
emayb e3t
o6t imesthemaximum wat
erdept
ha tthelow es
t poi
nto fthean
ti-
arc,and
t
hel
arge
rva
lueshou
ldbese
lec
tedwhent
hef
lowve
loc
ityi
shgh.
i

1.
7.3.
11 Thewatersurf
aceprof
ileofthedischa
rgechu
tesec
tionsha l
lbecal
cul
a t
ed wit
ht hes
tep-
wi
sesummat
ion p
rocess me
thodi naccor
dance wi
ththeenergy equaton.
i Int hecalcu
lat
i ,
on the
i
nit
ialca
lcu
lat
ionsec
tionandi
tswa
terdep
thsha
llbep
rope
rlyde
te ned.
rmi

7.3.
1.12 Whent
hewa
terf
lowf
romt
hed
ischa
rgechu
tei
sae
raed,t
t hewa
terdep
tha
fte
rfl
owae
ra-
t
ionsha
llbecons
ide
red.

1.
7.3.
13 Whent
hecontrac
tionsect
ionisla
idoutinthedischar
gechutesect
ion,t heshock wave
ca
lcu
lat
ionmaynotbeconductedi
ftheangl
eo ft
hroa
tislessthan6°.Ot
herwi ,
se t heshockwaveof
r
api
dfl
owsha
llbeve
rif
ied.
92
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

7.
1.3.
14 Whent
hed
ischa
rgechu
tecon
tai
nst
hebendont
he p
lane,t
het
ransve
rse wa
terl
eve
l
d
iff
erenceont
hebendsec
tionsha
llbeca
lcu
laed.
t

1.
7.3.
15 Thehyd
rau
licdes
igno
fthes
idechanne
lsec
tioni
nthes
idesp
il
lwaysha
llmee
tthef
oll
ow-
i
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thebot
toms
lopeio
fthes
idechanne
lsha
llemp
loyt
hes
ing
les
lope,andsha
llbesma
lle
rthan
t
hec
rit
ica
lslopeikeca
lcu
lat
edacco
rdingtothecr
iti
calwat
erdephhkea
t ttheta
ilendsec
tionof
t
hes
idechannel.Whenthedes
ignflowisdr
a i ,
ned thef
lowinthechanne
lsha
llbeslow.

b) Thehe
i ths o
gh ft
he wa
terdep
tha
ttheheadendsec
tionoft
hes
idechanne
labovet
he we
ir
c
res
tsha
llbel
esst
hanha
lfo
fthewe
irheadHot
oensu
ret
hatt
hed
ischa
rgei
nthes
idechanne
lis
no
tsubme
rged.

c) Ther
ati
ooft
hebot
tom wi
dtha
ttheheadandt
ailendsec
tionsoft
hes
i l,bu/be,may
dechanne
be0.
5t 0.
o1.

d) Thehydr
auli
cjumpsha
llnotoccu
rinthes
idechanne
lnoratthechanne
lendsec
tion;thead
jus
t-
mentsec
tionshou
ldbearr
angeda tt
heendoft l,bu
hechanne tshouldnotbeadjacen
ttothe
con
trac
tionsec
tiono
rthebendsec
tion.
Thel
eng
thoft
head
jus
tmen
tsec
tionL2 maybe (
2to3)
hkeandt
hebot
toms
lopeshou
ldbehor
izon
tal.Thehe
i td o
gh ft
her
isi
ngs
il
latt
het
ailmaybe
0.
1to0.
2timest
hec
rit
ica
lwa
terdep
thhka
ttheheadendsec
tionoft
hed
ischa
rgechu
te.

e) Thetransve
rsewa t
ersu
r f
acedi
ffe
r enceinthesi
dechanne
lsect
ionsha
llbel
imi
tedwit
hinacer-
ta
inscope;t her
un-upofthewatersu r
facecl
osetothehi
ll,Δh,shou
ldbe10% to25% oft
he
ave
ragewa
terdep
thh.

1.
7.3.
16 Cu
rvedconnec
tionsha
llbeusedf
ort
hebot
toms
lopechangeoft
hed
ischa
rgesec
tion.

● I
fthebo
ttoms
lopeva
riesf
rom gen
tlet
oseep,apa
t rabo
laconnec
tionmaybeadop
ted.

● I
fthebo
ttom sl
opeva
riesfr
om s
teepto gen
tle,ana r
cconnect
ion may beadoped;t
t hearc
r
adusR maybe3t
i o6timest
hewate
rdepthha tthesect
ionwi
thg r
adi
en ,
tchanges andt
hel
ar-
ge
rva
lueshou
ldbese
lec
tedi
fthef
lowve
loc
ityi
shgh.
i

● I
fthea i
ren
trai
nmentf
aci
li
tiesusedf ora
llevi
atingcavi
tat
ionarearrangedinthedischa
rgechut
e
sec
tion,wit
hinthe
irprotect
ion scope,t he connec
tion mode a
tt he pos
iti
on withgrad
ient
changesmayno
tbel
imi
tedbyt
heabovep
rov
isons.
i

1.
7.3.
17 Thehe
igh
toft
hes
idewa
llo
fthed
ischa
rgechu
tesec
tionsha
llbebasedont
hewa
tersu
r-
f
acel
ineaf
terta
kingint
oaccountt
hefl
uctua
tionandae
r a
tionp
lusafreeboardof0.
5 mto1.
5 m.For
t
hepart
s wit
hcomp l
exhydraul
iccond
iti
onssucha sthecontr
act
i (
on d i
ffusi )
on sect
i ,
on andthe
bendsec
tion,al
argeva
lueshou
ldbeadop
ted.
93
SHP/TG 002
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2019

1.
7.3.18 Aseri
esofca
lcu
lat
ionsshal
lbecar
riedou
tf ordif
ferentflowra
tesinthehyd
r au
licdesi
gn
oft
rajec
tor
ybucke
tene
rgydiss
ipat
ion.Thesafe
tyjett
r a
jector
yl engh,t
t he wi
dthofthe waterjet
i
ntowa t
erandthemax
imumall
owablescourdepthsha
llbedete
rminedunde
rthepremisesofnotin-
f
luenc
ingthest
abi
li
tyoft
hebucke
tli
pf ounda
tionandthebanksl
opesonbothsi ,
des andofensuri
ng
thes
afe
tyoftheada
jcentstruc
tures.
Theupst
reamsl
opeofthescou
rpi
tsha
llbede
termi
neda ccord-
i
ngtothegeo
logi
calcondi
tions,andshou
ldbeint
herangeo
f1∶3t o1∶6.Meanwhi
le,thescouri
ng
bythewal
lpr
ess
ingf
lowandt
hed
ropf
lowaswe
llast
hep
rot
ect
ivemeasu
ressha
llbet
akeni
ntoa
c-
count.

1.
7.3.
19 TheradusR o
i ftheant
i-a
rcinthedef
lec
tingbucke
tsec t
ionmaybe6t o12timesthemaxi-
mum wa
terdep
thh a
tthelowes
tpo i
ntoftheant
i-ac;t
r her ad
iusofthean
ti-
arcshouldemployt
he
l
arge
rva
luei
fthebot
toms
lopeoft
hed
ischa
rgechu
tei
sre
lat
ive
lys
teep,t
hef
lowve
loc
ityandun
it
d
ischa
rgei
nthean
ti-
arcsec
tiona
rer
ela
tive
lyh
igh.

1.
7. 3.
20 Thejetang
leofthedef
lecti
ngbucketmaybe15
°t °.Whenad
o35 i
ffe
ren
tia
ltypeofdef
lec
-
t
ingbucke
tisused,ther
adiuso
ft heant
i-a
rc,thewi
dthra
tiooftheh
igh/
lowbucketl
ips,thee
leva
-
t
iond
iff
erenceandt
hej
etang
led
iff
erencesha
llber
easonab
lyse
lec
ted.

7.3.
1.21 Thee
leva
tiono
fthede
flec
tingbucke
tsha
llensu
ret
hatf
reede
flec
tingf
lowcanbef
ormed,
wh
ichmaybes
ligh
tlyl
owe
rthant
hemax
imumdowns
tream wa
terl l.
eve

1.
7.3.
22 Thehyd
rau
licdes
igno
fbot
tomf
low ene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
ire
-
men
ts.

a) I
tisnecess
aryt
ofo
rmas
tab
lehyd
rau
licj
umpo
flowsubme
rgencer
ati
oint
hes
til
li
ngba
sin,and
t
oavo
idba
ckf
lowonbo
ths
ides.

b) Thes
til
li
ngba
sinshou
ldbear
ect
angu
larc
ros
s-sec
tiono
fequa
lwi
dth.

c) Whent
hemeanf
lowve
loc
ityo
fthep
re-
jumpi
sgr
eat
ert o18m/s,t
han16m/st heaux
il
iar
yen
-
ergydi
ssi
pat
erssuchast
hechu
tes
il
lbl
ockandt
heba
ffl
ebl
ockshou
ldno
tbea
rrangedi
nthe
pool.

7.1.
3.23 I
nthehydrau
licdes
ignofbot
tomflowener
gyd i
ssi
paton,t
i heflowra
teatvar
iousl
eve
ls
shal
lbecal
cul
atedt
ode termi
netheel
evat
ionofthebas
inbottom,thelengt
hofthebasi
nandthe
l
ayoutofthetai
lsil.Thehe
l ighto
fthes ide wa
llsonbot
hs idesoft hes
til
li
ngba s
in maybede t
er-
minedaccor
dingtothe wat
erdepthafte
rt hejumpandtheapp ropri
atef
reeboard.Whent heoutl
et
f
lowve l
ocit
y ofthest
il
li
ng bas
inexceedstheall
o wab
leant
i-scourfl
o wra
teo fthebedrock,orthe
downst
reamriverbedofthest
il
lingbasi
nisnotrockf
oundaton,p
i rot
ect
ivemeasu
resi
ncl
udi
ngan
ti-
scou
rkey wa
ll,apronandant
i-scourt
renchsha
llbetaken.

1.
7.3.
24 Thewa
terf
lowoft
heou
tle
tchanne
lsha
llbesmoot
hands
tab
le,andsha
llno
tcausee
ro-
s
iondamage.

94
 SHP/TG 002
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7.1.
3.
25 Attenti
onshal
lbepa i
dt ot
hecavit
ati
onr esi
stancedesignofthesp
ilway.Fo
l rpos
iti
ons
andreg
ionsp
r onetocav
ita
tioncor
ros
ion,t
hef ol
lowingcav i
tat
ionres
ist
ancemeasu
resmaybeim-
l
pemen
ted.

a) Se
lec
tar
easonab
leshape.

b) Cont
rolthepart
ialunevennessoft
hewa l
lsur
faceattheboundaryofthewaterf
low,incl
uding
thejo
intstagge
ring,plate ma
rk,r rends,unevennes
eba sofconcr
etesur
faceas we
llasother
su
rfacei
rregu
lar
iti
esandt
hed
rops
il
lle
ftove
rfr
omconc
ret
econs
truc
tion.

c) Whent
hef
lowve
loc
ityexceeds35m/s,ae
rat
ioncor
ros
ionr
educ
tionf
aci
li
tiessha
l tup.
lbese

d) Se
lec
treasonab
leope
rat
ionmodes.

e) Adop
tthema
ter
ial
swi
thgoodcav
ita
tionr
esi
stance.

1.
7.3.26 Onr
ive
rs wi
thheavysed t,t
imen hecomb
inede
ffec
tofsand
-ca
rri
yngf
low ont
hes
ide
wal
lsshal
lbecons
ide
redsimul
taneous
ly.Thema t
eri
alswit
hgoodcav i
tat
ionr es
ist
anceandabras
ion
r
esi
stanceshou
ldbesel
ected.Whentheae r
ati
oncorros
ionreduc
tionfaci
li
tiestoa r
eadopted,the
sed
imen
tab
ras
ionands
ilt
ingp
rob
lemssha
llbedemons
tra
ted.

1.
7.4 Des
ignofthest
ructu
res

1.
7. 4.
1 Theinfl
uenceoftemper
atu
rest
ressontheconc
retest
ruct
ureofspi
llwaysha
llbecons
id-
er ,
ed andthenecessa
ryst
ruct
ura
lmeasu
resandcons
truc
tionmeasur
essha
llbeimplement
edinac-
cor
dancewi
tht
hel
oca
lcl
ima
ticcond
itons,s
i truc
tur
alf
eat
uresandf
ounda
tionr
est
rai
nts.

7.1.
4.
2 Thebo
ttomoftheint
akechanne
lonthebed
rockmaynotbelned.Whenl
i i
ningi
sneededf
or
thebot
tomoft
hechanne ,
l concr
eteshie
l ,
d sl
urr
yblocks
toneordryblocks
tonemaybeused.

1.
7.4.3 Thethicknessofthebot
tomlini
ng maybede
termi
nedaccordingtothestructu
ralrequi
re-
mens.
t Theth
icknesso ft
heconcr
etel
inngmaybe300mm;t
i heant
i-seepageandan
ti-f
loati
ngstabi
l-
i
tysha
llbeve
rif
iedwhennecessa
ry.

1.
7. 4.
4 Thes t
ruct
ureo fthecon
tro
lwe ir(sl
uice)maybesepar
atedori
ntegr
ated.Sepa
ratedst
ruc
-
tu
reappl
iest
ot hefoundat
ionwithr
ela
tivel
yhomogeneousl
itho
l ,
ogy whi
letheint
egrals
truct
ureap
-
pl
iest
othefounda
tionwi
thpoorhomogeneous.Thet r
ansve
rsej
o i
nts(a
longthef
lowdirect
ion)on
t
hesepar
atedf
loormaybeofthevert
i l,s
ca tep,til
tingorkeygroovet
ypesaccor
dingt
ot hestr
ess
trans
ferr
equi
rements.Thewate
rs topfac
il
it
iesshal
lbearr
angedinthes t
ructu
raljo
ints wi
thi
nt he
scopeofthecon
tro
lsec t
ion.
Separ
at edbo
ttom p
lat
eshal
lchecki
tsan
t i
-fl
oati
ngs t
abi
liy,andd
t ra
in-
ageoranchor
ing measu
ressha
llbet
akenwhennecess
ary.

1.
7.4.5 Theth
icknessofthed i
schar
gechutefl
oorsha
llno
tbelessthan0.3 m.Necessa
ryengi
nee
r-
i
ng mea
suresinc
luding an
tiseepage,d
- ra
inage, wat
erstop and anchor
ing may be tken.The
a
95
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

st
ruct
ura
ljoi
ntssha
llbearrangedonthedischa
rgechutef
loor,andtheirposit
ionssha
llmee
tther
e-
qui
rementsofst
ruc
tura
llayout.Thespac
ingbe tweenl
ongi
tudi
nal/t
ransversejoin
tsmaybe10 mto
15mandt
hewa
ters
topshou
ldbea
rrangedf
ort
hej
oin
ts.

1.
7.4.6 Thelongit
udi
nalandtr
ansve
rsejoi
ntsonthed i
scha
rgechut
efl
oormayempl
oyf latj
oints.
Whenthefounda
tioni
sobv i
ous
lyuneven,thet
ransve
rsejoint
sshou
ldemp
loyasemi
-lappedjoi
nt,
f
ull
-lappedjo
intorkeyg
roovejo
int.Wit
hrega
rdtot hedi
schargechut
efl
ooronwhichunevenset
tle
-
mentmi ghtoccu
ro rwh
ichisnotequ
ippedwithanchorbar
st, hekeygr
ooveshou
ldbea rr
angedon
t
heups
treamendoft
heb
lock,andf
ull
-l
appedt
ransve
rsej
oin
tsont
heups
tream/downs
treamb
locks
shou
ldbeadop
ted.

1.
7.4.
7 Thes
truc
tur
alj
oin
tsve
rti
calt
othef
low d
irec
tionshou
ldnotbea
rrangedi
nthede
flec
ting
t.
bucke

1.
7. 4.
8 Fortheapr
ono ft hest
il
lingbasin,theant
i-f
loat
ingstab
il
itysha
llberevewed.Whent
i he
ap
ronisequ
ippedwithanchorbas,t
r heanchorba
rsshallbeext
endedupwa r
dsandconnec
tedt
othe
r
pot
ect
ivesh
iel
dsu
rfaces
t lmesh.
ee

1.
7.4.
9 Thespac
ingoft
heap
ronsshou
ldbesamet
otha
toft
hed
ischa
rgechu
tef
l r.The wa
oo ter
-
stops
tri
psshoul
dbea r
rangedinthejoi
nts.Thejo
intsver
tica
lt othef
lowd i
rec
tionshoul
dbesemi
-
l
appedjoi
ntsorkeyg
roovej o
ints;thejo
int
sa l
ongthefl
owd irect
ionshou
ldbekeyg roovej
oin
ts.

1.
7. 4.
10 Thest
ruct
ura
ljoin
tsshoul
dbea r
rangedfort
hegu
idewal,s
l idewal
lorsidewal
lalongthe
s
lopefacet
hatr
eta
inssoi
lo rdoesnotr
etainsoi
lonbothsi
deso
ft heint
a l,con
kechanne t
rolsec-
t
ion,discha
rgechute,de
flec
tingbucke
tandt hest
il
li
ngba s
i nofthesp
illwayt osepar
atethemfrom
t
hefloor.Forthes
idewalldesign,t
heant
i-s
lipst
abil
ity,basenormals
tr essandbaseresu
ltan
tfo
r ce
eccen
tri
cdi
stancesha
llbeve
rif
ied,andi
tsan
ti-ove
rtu
rni
ngs
tab
il
itysha
lla
lsobeve
rif
iedwhennec
-
ess
ary.

1.
7. 4.
11 Whent hegeolog
ica
lcond
iti
onsarer
ela
tivel
ypoorint
heoutl
etr
egi
ono ft
heenergydi
ssi
-
pa
tionfac
il
it
i ,
es an
ti-
scour
ingkeywal ,
l wingwal ,
l auxil
iar
ywei ,
r apr
onorant
i-s
court
renchmaybe
a
rrangeda
ccor
dingt
othet
ypeo
fene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tion.

1.
7.5 Foundat
iont
reatmentdes
ign

1.
7. 5.
1 Thefounda
tiontrea
tmentdesi
gnf ort
hespi
llwayshallcompl
ywitht
herequi
rementsforva-
r
iouspos
iti
onsonbea r
ingcapac
it ,
y anti
-sl
idest
abi
lit ,
y f oundat
iondef
ormat
i ,
on seepagecontr
ol,
an
ti-
scou
randdu
rab
il
ityi
ncomb
ina
tionwi
tht
hes
truc
tur
eandope
rat
iona
lfea
tur
esoft
hes
truc
tues.
r

1.
7.5.
2 Thef
ounda
tiono
fimpo
rtan
tpos
iti
onso
fthesp
il
lwayshou
ldbeexcava
tedt
othes
ligh
tl-
y
weat
her
edmi dd
lepa
r ttoupperpartoftherocks t
ratum.Un l
inedd r
ainsshallbeexcavatedtothe
ha
rdandintegra
lfresh o
rs liht
l
g y -wea
ther
e d r
o ck s
trat
u m. For bedrock whi
chi s easy t
o be
weat
heedandmudded,co
r rr
espondi
ngconst
ructionprotec
tionmea suresshal
lbep oposed.
r

96
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

1.
7. 5.
3 Withrega
r dt
ot hefounda
tionwithpoorrocks
tra
tum,therei
nfo
rcementmeasuresmaybe
ta
kentoimp
rovet hefounda
tioncondi
tions,andt
heexcavat
iondep
thshallbedet
erminedthrough
t
echn
ica
landeconomi
ccompa
rison.

7.1.
5.
4 Theshapeofthefoundat
ionpitfo
rthestr
uctu
resshal
lbedet
erminedinaccordance wi
th
thegeo
log
ica
landtopog
raph
icalcond
iti
onsaswel
lastherequ
iremen
tsoftheupperstr
uctur ,
es and
theexcavat
ionf aceshou
ldbecont
inuousandsmoo
th.Thef ounda
tion p
itinthecon
tro
lsec t
ion
shou
ldtil
tsligh
tlytotheups
treams
i ,
de andmaybeexcava
tedintoastepshapewit
hanobtusean-
gl
eifiti
slimit
edbythegeo
logi
calandt
opog
raph
ica
lcond
itons,t
i hehe
igh
tdi
ffe
rencei
stoog
rea
tor
i
ttil
tssl
ight
lytothedownst
reamside.

1.
7.5.5 Theconsol
idat
iongrou
tings copeanddepthoft
hesp il
lwayfoundat
ionshal
lbedete
rmined
i
naccor
dancewiththedegr
eeofr ockfragmen
tat
ion,weathe
ringdeph,f
t r
actur
esizeandf
ounda
tion
s
tr s.Theconso
es lida
tiong
rou
tingshou
ldbepe
rformeda
fte
rtheconc
ret
epou
ring.

1.
7.5.
6 Thel
ayou
toft
hean
ti-
seepageandd
rai
nagef
aci
li
tiesf
ort
hesp
il
lwayf
ounda
tionsha
llmee
t
t
hef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Reducet
heseepageandbypassseepagef
romt
hewe
ir(
slu
ice)f
ounda
tion.

b) Pr
even
tseepagef
ail
urei
nthe wea
kin
ter
cal
atedl r,f
aye aul
tfr
act
urezone,weakf
il
li
ngofr
ock
ma
ssf
issu
resando
the
rfounda
tionswi
thpooran
ti-
seepagede
forma
tionpe
rformance.

c) Reducet
heup
lif
tpr
essu
reo
fthes
truc
tur se.
eba

d) Beo
fre
liab
lecon
tinu
ityandsu
ffi
cien
tdu
rab
il
ity.

e) Thean
ti-
seepagecu
rta
insha
llnotbea
rrangedi
nthet
ens
iles
tres
sreg
ion oft
hes
truc
tur
e
bot
tomsu
rface.

f) I
ntheseve
reco
ldr
egon,t
i hed
rai
nagef
aci
li
tiessha
llbep
rot
ect
edf
romi
ceandf
reez
ingf
ail
ure.

7.1.
5.7 Thecementgrou
tingcu
rta
inshoul
dbeuseda sant
i-seepagemeasur
esf ortheweir(s
luce)
i
foundat
ionandi
t s,o
sbank raconcre
tekey wa
ll,cu
t-of
fwa ll,hori
zon
talanti
-seepagep
lateorany
comb
ina
tiont
her
eofmaybeadop
tedaccor
dingt
othecond
itons.
i Thecu
rta
ing
rou
tingsha
llbet
est
ed
whennecess
ary.

1.
7. 5.8 Thescopeanddep
thoft
hean
ti-
seepagecu
rta
ini
nthecon
tro
lsec
tionsha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
he
fo
llowingpr
ovis
ions:

a) Whent
her
eisanobv
iousr
ela
tive wa
ter
proofl
aye
runde
rthef
ounda
tion,t
hegene
ralcu
rta
in
sha
llbeex
tended2mt
o3mi
ntot
hewa
ter
proofl r.
aye Thecon
tro
lst
anda
rdo
fthepe
rmeab
il
ity
oft
her
ela
tivewa
ter
proofl
aye
rshou
ldbel
es han5Lu.
st
97
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

b) Whentheburi
aldep
tho fther
ela
tivewat
err
pooflaye
roft
hefounda
tionisr
ela
tive
lysmallori
ts
d
ist
ribu
tioni
sirr
egulr,t
a heposi
tionoft
hecurt
ainmaybese
lectedwith
inthemax imum wat
er
dept
hs copeg
rea
terthan0.
3to0.
7timest heweir(
slu
ice)f ounda
tionsur
face.Whent he
reisa
fr
actur
ezonewithst
rongpe
rmeab
il
it ,
yt hedept
handthicknessshal
lbeincreasedapp
ropr
iat
ely.

c) Thes
cope,dep
thando
rien
tat
ionoft
hean
ti-
seepagecu
rta
inext
endedi
ntot
hebanks
lopesha
ll
bede
termi
nedi
naccor
dancewi
tht
hehyd
rogeo
log
ica
landeng
inee
ringgeo
log
ica
lcond
itons;and
i
t
hean
ti-
seepagecu
rta
inshou
ldbeext
endedt
othei
nte
rsec
tionbe
tweent
heno
rma
lrese
rvo
ir
l
eve
landt
her
angel
ineo
fther
ela
tivecon
fin
ingbed (
orunde
rgr
ound wa
terl
inebe
for
e wa
ter
f
il
lng).
i

d) Thecu
rta
ino
fthesp
il
lwaynea
rthedamabu
tmen
tsha
llbeconnec
tedt
othecu
rta
inoft
hedam
t
oformani
nteg
ralan
ti-
seepagesys
tem.

7.5.
1.9 Thecu
rta
ing
rou
tingho
lesshou
ldbea
rrangedi ow;
noner int
hesec
tionwi
thr
ela
tive
lypoor
geol
ogica
lcond
itons,b
i rokenr ockmass,deve
lopedfrac
tur
eso rpossi
b l
eseepagede
f o
rma
tion,the
grou
tinghol
esmaybearrangedi ntwor ,
ows andarr
angedalt
erna
tely witht
hefir
strowofgrout
ing
ho
les.Thespac
ingbe
tweenho
lesf
ort
hecu
rta
ing
rou
ting maybe1.
5 mt 0 m,andt
o3. hed
ist
ance
be
tweenr
owsshou
ldbes
ligh
tlysma
lle
rthant
heho
lespac
ing.Thed
ril
li
ngd
irec
tionoft
hecu
rta
in
shou
ldbeve
rti
calors
ligh
tlyi
ncl
inedt
owa
rdt
heups
treams
ide;t
heho
lessha
llbed
ril
ledt
hrought
he
bedd
ingp
laneo
fther
ockmassandma
inf
rac
tue,bu
r tshou
ldnotbei
ncl
inedt
owa
rdt
hedowns
tream
s
ide.

1.
7.5.
10 Cu
rta
ing
rou
tingsha
llbepe
rfo
rmeda
fte
rconc
ret
ecove
rwe
igh
twi
thace
rta
int
hickness
andconso
lida
tiong
rou
ting.Theg
rou
tingp
ressu
re maybede
termi
nedt
hrought
est,andshou
ldnot
bel
esst
han0.
2 MPat
o0.
5 MPaf
ort
hesu
rfa
cesec
tionofcu
rta
inho
les,shou
ldnotbel
esst
han
0.
4 MPat
o0.
8 MPaf
ort
hebo
ttomsec
tionofcu
rta
inho
les,unde
rthep
rinc
ipl
etha
tther
ockma
ssi
s
notl
ifed.
t

1.
7.5.
11 Thed
rai
nagef
aci
li
tiesbenea
tht
hed
ischa
rgechu
tef
loorsha
llbel
aidou
taccor
dingt
othe
spec
ifi
ccond
itons.
i

a) Thel
ong
itud
ina
landt
ransve
rsed
ischa
rged
itches (
pipes)shou
ldbea
rrangedbenea
tht
hed
is-
cha
rgechu
tef
loor,t
oformani
nte
r-connec
tedd
itch (
pipe)ne
twor
ksys
tem.

b) Thecon
tinuousd
rai
nageb
lanke
tort
hecomb
ina
tionofad
rai
nageb
lanke
tandad
rai
naged
itch
(
pipe)maybese
tint
hea
reawhe
ret
he wea
krockf
ounda
tion,bot
tomf
loo
rup
lif
tpr
essu
rei
s
t
ool
argeo
rtheanchorba
rsa
rei
nconven
ien
tt t.
obese

c) Thespac
ingbe
tweent
ransve
rse/
long
itud
ina
ldr
ainaged
itches (
pipes)shou
ldcor
respondt
othe
l
ong
itud
ina
l/t
ransve
rsej
oin
tsont
hef
loor,bu
tthed
rai
naged
itches (
pipes)shou
ldno
tbea
r-
r
angedac
rosst
hej
oin
ts.
98
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

7.
2 S
lui
ce

2.
7.1 Gene
ralp
rov
isi
ons

2.
7.1.1 Thes
lui
cechambe
rmayemp
loyt
heopen
-type,b
reas
twa
ll,cu
lve
rt-
typeordoub
le-
deck
s
truc
tur
alacco
rdi
ngt
othed
ischa
rgi
ngf
eat
uresandope
rat
iona
lrequ
iremen
ts.Theg
rav
itycen
treof
t
heen
tir
esl
uicechambe
rst
ruc
tur
esha
llbeasc
loseasposs
ibl
etot
hecen
treoft
hes
lui
cechambe
r
f
loor,andi
ncl
inedt
othes
idewi
tht
heh
ighe
rwa
terl l.
eve Thep
rinc
ipl
esofse
lec
tionsha
llbeasf
ol-
ows.
l

a) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othes
lui
ce wi
thar
ela
tive
lyh
ighe
leva
tionofs
lui
ces
il
landr
ela
tive
lyl
ow wa
ter
r
eta
ini
nghe
i t,t
gh heopen
-types
truc
tur
emaybeadop
ted.

b) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othes
lui
ce wi
thr
ela
tive
lyl
ow e
leva
tionofs
lui
ces
il
landh
igh wa
terr
eta
ini
ng
he
i t,t
gh heb
rea
stwa
llorcu
lve
rt-
types
truc
tur
emaybeadop
ted.These
ttl
emen
tjo
intsha
llnot
bep
rov
idedwi
thi
nthecu
lve
rt-
types
lui r.
cechambe

2.
7.1.
2 Thes
lui
ces
truc
tur
ese
lec
tionandl
ayou
tont
heso
ftf
ounda
tionsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
e-
qu
iremen
ts.

a) Thes
lui
cechambe
rsha
llbewe
ll
-ba
lanced,
ligh
tinwe
i t,s
gh trongi
nteg
rit
yandh
ighi
nst
ifness.
f

b) Thef
ounda
tionp
ressu
red
iff
erencebe
tweent
head
jacen
tsec
tionssha
llbesma
ll.

c) Thewa
ters
topt
ypesand ma
ter
ial
stobese
lec
tedshou
ldbedu
rab
leandadap
tivet
ore
lat
ive
ly
s
ign
ifi
can
tde
forma
tion.

d) Thel
eng
thandbu
ria
ldep
tho
fthef
loorsha
llbei
ncr
easedapp
rop
ria
tey.
l

2.
7.1.
3 Thes
truc
tur
ese
lec
tionandl
ayou
toft
hes
lui
ceont
hef
ros
t-heavef
ounda
tionsha
llmee
tthe
f
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thes
truc
tur
eoft
hes
lui
cechambe
rsha
llha
sst
rongi
nteg
rit
yandh
ighs
tif
fness.

b) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othes
lui
ceont
hef
ros
t-heavef
ounda
tion,i
tsbu
ria
ldep
thoft
hef
ounda
tionsha
ll
no
tbel
esst
hant
hedes
ignf
ros
tdep
tho
fthef
ounda
tion.

c) Unde
rthep
remi
seo
fmee
tingt
her
equ
iremen
tsf
ort
hebea
ringcapa
cit
yoff
ounda
tionso
il,t
he
con
tac
tar
eabe
tweent
hes
lui
cechambe
rbo
ttomandt
hef
ros
t-heaveso
ilsha
l educed.
lber

d) Underthepr
emi
seofmeet
ingtherequ
iremen
tsforant
i-seepage,an
ti-
scou
ringandf
lowj
oin
t
cond
itons,t
i hei
nle
tandou
tle
tleng
thshal
lbeshorened.
t
99
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

e) Theb
locks
izeo
fthebo
ttom s
truc
tur
esi
ncl
udi
ngt
hes
lui
ceb
lanke
tandt
hes
til
li
ngbas
inf
loor
exposedi
nwi
nte
rsha
llber
educedapp
rop
ria
tey.
l

2.
7.1.
4 Thes
truc
tur
ese
lec
tionandl
ayou
toft
hes
lui
cei
nea
rthqua
ker
egi
onssha
llmee
tthef
oll
ow-
i
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thes
lui
cechambe
rsha
llbewe
ll
-ba
lanced,l
igh
tin we
i t,s
gh trongi
nin
teg
rit
yandh
ighi
nst
iff
-
s.
nes

b) Thehei
ghtoft
heserviceb
ridgebentf
ramesha
llbelowe
red,t
hetop wei
ghtshal
lbereduced
andt
heshea
rconnec
tionbetweenthebentf
ramecol
umnandthegat
ep i
e /
rb r
idgedeckst
ruc-
t
ure.

c) Thej
oin
tssha
llbea
rrangedont
hega
tep
ier,andt
hewa
ters
topt
ypesandma
ter
ial
stobeused
shou
ldbedu
rab
leandadap
tivet
ore
lat
ive
lys
ign
ifi
can
tde
forma
tion.

d) Theconnec
tionbe
tweent
hef
ounda
tionandt
hes
lui
cechambe
rfl
oorsha
llber
ein
foced,ande
r f-
f
ect
ivean
ti-
seepagemeasu
ressha
l aken.
lbet

e) Thef
il
li
ngdep
thbeh
indt
hes
idep
ier(
quay wa
ll)sha
llbeapp
rop
ria
tel
ylowe
redt
oreducet
he
add
iti
ona
lload.

f) Conc
ret
est
ruc
tur
esha
llbeadop
tedf
orups
tream an
ti-
seepageb
l t,andapp
anke rop
ria
ter
ein
-
f
orcemen
tshou
ldbed
ist
ribu
ted.

2.
7.2 Layoutofthes
lui
cechambe
r

2.
7.2.
1 Thes
truc
tur
eofopen
-types
lui
cechambe
rmaybei
nteg
rat
edorsepa
rat
eda
ccor
dingt
othe
f
ounda
tioncond
iti
onsands
tres
ssi
tua
tion.
Sepa
rat
edt
ypeshou
ldno
tbeusedf
orcu
lve
rt-
types
lui
ce
chambe
rst
ruc
tue.
r

2.
7.2.
2 Thet
ope
leva
tiono
fthes
lui
cesha
llbede
termi
neda
ccor
dingt
othetwoope
rat
iona
lmodes
ofwa
terr
eta
ini
ngandwa
terd
ischa
rgng.
i

a) I
nca seofwaterr
eta
inng,t
i hes
luicetopelevat
ionsha
llnotbel
owe rt
hanthesumoft henormal
rese
rvoi
rleve
lo(rthemaximum wate
rr e
taini
ngleve )
lo ft
hesl
uicepl
usthecal
cul
atedheightof
t
hewaveandt
heco
rrespond
ingf
reeboa
rd.

b) I
ncaseofwat
erdi
scha
rging,t
heslu
icetopel
evati
onshal
lnotbelowerthanthesumoft
hede
-
si
gnfl
oodl
eve (
lorthecheckfl
oodleve )
l andthecor
respond
ingf
reeboa
r dhe
i t.
gh

2.
7. 2.
3 Thesl
uicesi
lle
l evat
ionshal
lbedete
rmi nedbytechn
ica
landeconomiccomparisoni
na c-
cor
dancewi
tht
heriver(channel)bot
tome
levaton,wa
i t
erflow,sed
iment,topog
raphyandgeology
100
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

aswe
llast
hecons
truc
tionandope
rat
iona
lcond
iti
onscomb
ined wi
tht
hese
lec
ted we
i ype,s
rt lui
ce
t
ypeandt
ota
lne
twi
dthoft
hes
lui
ceo
rif
ices.

2.
7. 2.
4 Thet ot
alnetwidt
ho ftheslu
iceori
ficesshal
lbede t
erminedbyt echni
calandeconomi
c
compa
risonaccordi
ngtot
hed i
scha
rgechar
act
erist
ics,geol
ogi
calcondi
tionsofthedownstr
eamrive
r
bedandt
her
equ
iremen
tso
fsa
fed
ischa
rge,comb
ined wi
tht
hese
lec
tionoft
hed
iame
terandt
he
numbe
rofs
lui
ceor
ifces.
i

7.2.
2.
5 Thedi
ame t
ero fthesl
uiceori
ficesha
llbedeterminedbycompr
ehens
iveanal
ysi
sinacco
rd-
ancewit
hthegat
ef ounda
tioncondi
ti ,
ons operat
iona
lr equi
remen
tsandgatest
ruct
uret ,
ype hois
t
capac
ityaswel
la st
hef ab
rica
tion,tr
anspo r
tat
ionandi
nst
all
ati
onofthegate.Whenthe
rea
rel
ess
than8slui
ceor
ifi ,
ces thenumbe rofori
ficesshou
ldbeoddnumberforope
rati
onsaf
ety.

7.2.2.
6 I ngener
al,thesl
uicechambershoul
demp l
oyfl
atfloo
rs;whenthes
luicei
sont
hesof
t
founda
tionandtheloadi
srelat
ive
l ,
yheavy thebox
-typef
latf
loormayasobeused.
l

2.
7.2.7 Thethicknes
so ft hes
luicechambe
rfloorshal
lbedete
rmi nedth
roughca
lcu
lat
ionaccord
ing
tot
hefounda
tioncond i
tionsoftheslui
cechambe ,
rt heac
tingloadsandthewidt
hoft hes
luiceori
-
f
iceandi
ncomb
ina
tionwi
tht
hecompos
iti
onr
equ
iremen
ts.

2.
7.2.
8 Thesec t
iona
lleng
thofthes
luicechamberstruc
tur
eve r
ticaltothef
lowd i
rect
ion (
i.
e.spac
-
i
ngbetweenpe
rmanentjoi
ntsa
longtheflowdirec
tion)sha
llbede t
e rmi
nedacco
rdingtothefounda
-
t
ioncond
iti
onsands
truc
tur
alf
eat
ureso
fthes
lui r,and wi
cechambe thcons
ide
rat
iong
ivent
othe
cons
truc
tionme
thodsandmeasu
res.

2.
7.2.9 Withr
egardtothes
lui
ceonso
lidfounda
tionorbasedonp
iles,t
hejoi
ntsmaybearr
anged
onthes
lui
cechamberfl
oororgat
epie
rf orsegmenta
tion;wit
hregardtot
hes l
uiceont
he weak
f
ounda
tiono
rint
heea
rthquaker
egon,t
i hej
oin
tsshou
ldbea
rrangedi
nthe mi
ddl
epa
rtoft
hega
te
i
perf
orsegmen
tat
ion.

2.
7.2.
10 Thesec
tionl
eng
thoft
hes
lui
ceont
her
ockf
ounda
tionshou
ldnotexceed20 m,andt
he
sec
tionl eng
tho fthes
lui
ceonthesoilfounda
tionshou
ldnotexceed35m. Thepe
rmanentj
ointsmay
beve r
ticalcut
-thr
oughjoin
ts,i
ncl
ined-
lappedjoin
tsorser
rated-lappedj
oints;t
hejoin
twi d
th may
be20mmt
o30mm.

7.2.
2.
11 Thecontourdesi
gno fthega
tepie
rshal
lmee ttherequ
irement
sofsmoo t
hf l
owthrough
thesl
uice,sma
lll
ate
ralcontr
act
ionandla
rgefl
ow capac
ity.Theupstr
eam p
ierhead maybe made
semi
-ci
rcu
larandt
hedowns
tream p
ierheadi
nst
reaml
inef
orm.

2.
7. 2.12 Theth
icknessofthega t
ep ie
rshal
lbedetermi
nedaccordi
ngt ot
hediame
teroft
heslu
ice
or
ifce,s
i t
ress condi
tions, s
tructu
ralrequi
remen
ts and const
ructi
on mehods.The mi
t n
imum
t
hicknessshou
ldno
tbel
esst
han0.
4 ma
tthega
tes
lotoft
hega
tep
iero
fthep
lanega
te.
101
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

2.
7.2.13 Thegat
esl
otoftheser
vicegateshal
lbear
rangedi
nthepos
iti
onofthegatepi
erwithre
la-
t
ive
lysmoothf
low,andi
tsbreadth
-dep
thr at
ioshou
ldbe1.6to1.8.Thenetdis
tancebetweenthe
bu
lkheadga
tes
lotandt
hese
rvi
cega
tes
lotshou
ldno
tbel
esst
han1.
5 m.

7.
2.2.
14 Thet ype sel
ecti
on andl ayouto fthe ga
tes tr
uctur
e sha l
lber easonably determi
ned
accord
ingt
oi tsstresscondi
tion,controlope
rati
onrequir
emen s,f
t abricaton,t
i ranspor
tation,ins
tal
-
la
tionandma i
ntenanceconditions,andincomb i
nat
ionwi ththestruc
tu r
allayouto fthesluicecham-
r.Thet
be opofimme
rsedga
tesha
llbe0.
3 mt
o0.
5 mabovet
hemax
imum poss
ibl
ewa
terl l.
eve

a) Fortheslu
ice wi
thare
lat
ive
lyhigh wat
erret
aini
ngheigh
tandla
rgeo r
ifi
ced
iametr,andt
e he
wate
rd i
schar
geistobecont
rol
ledwiththegat ,
et her
adi
alga
teshou
ldbeadopted.

b) Whent
he pe
rmanen
tjo
int
sar
ear
rangedont
hes
lui
cechambe
rfl
oor,t
he p
lane ga
teshou
ld
beadop
ted.

c) I
fthesl
uicei
srequ
iredtodi
scha
rgeiceorpa
ssthoughwood,t
r heplana
rgateordownwa
rdhor-
i
zont
alarchgat
eshouldbeadopted;t
helowerhor
izon
tala
rchgat
eshou l
dnotbeusedforthe
s
lui
cega
teont
her
ive
rwi
thheavysed t.
imen

d) Thebu
lkheadga
tesha
llemp
loyt
hep
lanega
teo
rst
opl
ogga
te.

7.2.
2.15 Thebeambot
tome levati
onso ft
heserv
icebr
idge,mai
ntenancebr
idgeandacces
sb r
idge
shal
lbeatleas
t0.5mh ighe
rt hanthe maximumfl
oodleve
li;ft
hereisfloa
tingi ,
ce theelevat
ion
sha
llbe0.
2 mh
ighe
rthant
hef
loa
tingi
cesu
rface.

2.
7.3 Ant
i-seepageandd
rai
nagel
ayout

2.
7.3.
1 Thean
ti-
seepageandd
rai
nagel
ayou
toft
hes
lui
cesha
llbede
termi
nedbycomp
rehens
ive
ana
lysi
sacco
rdi
ngtothegeologicalcond
iti
onso ft
hes l
uicef ounda
tionandt hed
iff
erencebetween
upst
reamanddowns
tream wa
t e
rl eves,comb
l inedwit
ht helayoutoft hes
lui
cechamber,ener
gyd i
s-
s
ipa
tionandan
ti-
scou
randt
heconnec
tionst
obot
hbanks.

2.
7.3.
2 Thecon
tou
rli
neo
fthes
lui
cef
ounda
tionont
hehomogeneousso
ilf
ounda
tionsha
llbede
ter
-
mi
nedt
hroughr
easonab
lea
rrangemen
taccor
dingt
othese
lec
tedan
ti-
seepageandd
rai
nagef
aci
li
ties.
Theprel
imi
nar
yan
ti-
seepagel
eng
tho
fthes
lui
cef
ounda
tionsha
llmee
tther
equ
iremen
tsofFo
rmu
la
( )
20 .

L =CΔH …………………………(20 )

whe
re

L i
sthean
ti-
seepagel
eng
tho
fthes
lui
cef
ounda
tion,i.
e.t
hesum oft
hel
eng
thoft
heho
rizon
tal
sec
tionandt
heve
rti
calsec
tiono
fthean
ti-
seepagepa
rtsi
nthecon
tou
rli
neoft
hes
lui
cef
ounda
-
102
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

t
ion,i
nm;

ΔHi
sthed
iff
erencebe
tweent
heups
treamanddowns
tream wa
terl
eve
ls,i
nm;

C i
stheAl
lowab
leseepagepa
thcoe
ffi
ci t.
en

7.2.3.
3 Whent hes
lui
cefoundat
ioni
so fmedi
umloam,l
ightloam o
rheavys andyloam,there
in-
forcedconc
ret
eo rc
laybl
anket ,
s orthegeomemb
ranean
ti-
seepageblanke
tsshallbearr
angedup-
s
treamoft
hes
lui r;t
cechambe hef
il
terl
aye
rsha
llbea
rrangeda
tthebot
tom o
fthedowns
tream
ap
ronoft
hes
lui r.The pe
cechambe rmeab
il
ity coe
ffi
cien
tfort
he c
lay b
lanke
tsha
llbe a
tlea
st
100t
imesl
esst
hant
hatoft
hef
ounda
tionso
il.

2.
7. 3.
4 Whenthesl
uicef
oundat
ionisar el
ati
velyt
hinloaml r,andi
aye t
sunder
lyi
ngstra
tumisthi
ck
re
lat
ivet
othecon
fin
ingbed,theant
i-seepageandant
i-f
loa
tingstab
il
ityoftheover
lyi
ngsoi
lsha
llbe
ve
rif
ied.Whenneces
sary,thedra
inage we
llord
rainagedi
tchdeepin
tothere
lativeconf
iningbed
maybearrangedonthedownst
reams i
deoftheslu
icechamber,andcl
ogg
ingprevent
ion measu
res
sha
l aken.
lbet

2.
7.3.5 Whent hes
lui
cef
ounda
tionissi
lt,si
lt-
yfnesand,l
i igh
ts andyl
oam o rli
ghtsil
tysandy
oam,t
l heb
lanke
tshoul
dbecombined wi
ththeve r
tica
lan
ti-
seepagebodies (
rein
forcedconc
rete
s
lab,cementmor
tarcurta
in,highpressu
rejetgr
ou t
ingcu
rtan,conc
i r
etecut
-of
fwal
landgeomem-
br
anevert
ica
lan
ti-
seepagestr
uc t
ur )
e fortheupstr
eam ofthesl
uicechambe
randt
hevert
ica
lanti
-
seepagebod
iesshou
ldbela i
doutontheups
treamofthesluicechamberf
loor.Onthesi
lt-
yfi
nesand
foundat
ioni
nt heear
thquakereg
i ,
on thevert
ica
lant
i-seepagebodiesbeneat
ht hesl
uicechamber
f
loorshoul
df ormanencl
osedst
ructue.Wi
r thr
egardtot
hesit,s
l il
ty-f
inesand,l
igh
ts andyloam or
l
ights
ilt
ys andyloamf
oundat
i ,
on theave
ragegrad
ien
toftheseepageandtheexitgradi
entshal
lbe
lesst
hant
hea l
lowabl
evaues,andt
l hefi
lte
ringl
aye
rwithgoodgr
adi
ngsha
llbea
rrangeda
ttheseep
-
ageexit(
inc
ludingt
hela
tera
lseepageexis
tsonbothbanks).

7.2.
3.
6 Whent hes
lui
cef oundati
onisar e
lat
ive
lythi
ns andysoill
aye
rorsand
-gravell r,andt
aye he
under
lyi
ngs
tra
tumisat h
ickr el
ativecon
fin
ingbed,cut-of
ftrenchorcut
-of
fwallshoul
dbearr
anged
ont
heups
treamoft
hes
lui
cechambe
rfl
oor,andt
hef
il
terl
aye
rsha
llbea
rrangeda
tthedowns
tream
seepageex
itf
romt
hes
lui r.Thedep
cechambe thoft
hecu
t-o
fft
renchandcu
t-o
ffwa
llembeddedi
n
therel
ati
vecon f
iningbedshal
lnotbelessthan1.
0 m.Whenthesand
-gr
avellaye
ro ft
hesl
uicef
oun-
dati
onisr e
lat
ivelythick,thecombina
tiono ft
heb l
anke
tandthesuspendedcu t
-of
f wa
llmay be
adop
tedont
heups
tream oft
hes
lui r,andt
cechambe hef
il
terl
aye
rsha
llbea
rrangeda
tthedown
-
str
eamseepageex
itfr
omt hesl
uicechamber.Whenthesl
uicefounda
tioni
sas and
-gr
ave
llayeror
coarseg
rave
lmingl
edpebb
lebedwitharel
ative
lyl
argeg
rai
ns i ,
ze deepkeywal
lordeepcu
t-of
fwa l
l
shou
ldbea
rrangedont
heups
treamo
fthes
lui
cechambe
rfoor,andt
l hef
il
terl
aye
rsha
llbea
rranged
a
tthedowns
treamseepageex
itf
romt
hes
lui r.
cechambe

2.
7. 3.
7 Whent hes
lui
cefounda
tionisi
nterbeddedwit
hthincohesi
vesoilandsandyso
il,ave
rti
cal
an
ti-
seepagebodyshal
lbeaddedatthefron
tendoft hebl
anket;thedr
ainagedi
tchorshal
lowdra
in-
103
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

agewe
llshou
ldbea
rrangedont
hedowns
tream o
fthes
lui
cechambe
randt
hec
logg
ingp
reven
tion
mea
sur
essha
llbet
aken.

2.
7.3.
8 Whent
hes
lui
cef
ounda
tioni
sar
ockf
ounda
tion,cemen
tgr
out
ingcu
rta
in maybea
rranged
a
ttheups
treamendo
fthes
lui
cechambe
rfl
oora
ccor
dingt
othean
ti-
seepager
equ
iremen
ts.

2.
7.3.
9 Thekey wa
llsshou
ldbea
rrangedont
heups
treamanddowns
treamendsoft
hes
lui
cecham-
be
rfl
oorandt
hedep
thoft
hekey wa
llsmaybe0.
5 mt
o1.
5 m.

2.
7.3.
10 Thel
eng
thoft
heb
lanke
tmaybede
termi
nedaccor
dingt
othean
ti-
seepager
equ
iremen
tsof
t
hes
lui
cef
ounda
tion,andshou
ldusua
llybe3t
o5t
imesoft
he max
imum d
iff
erencebe
tweenup
-
s
treamanddowns
tream wa
terl
eve
ls.

a) Themi
nimumt
hicknes
soft
heconc
ret
eorr
ein
for
cedconc
ret
ebl
anke
tsshou
ldnotbel
esst
han
4 m,t
0. hespac
ingbe
tweent
hepe
rmanen
tjo
int
sal
ongt
hef
lowd
irec
ti o20m,
onmaybe8mt
t
hespac
ingbe
tweenj
oin
tsont
heb
lanke
tcl
oset
othewi
ngwa
llshou
ldemp
loyt
hesma
lle
rva
lue
andt
hej
oin
twi
dthmaybe20mmt
o30mm.

b) Thet
hicknes
soft
hec
layorl
oam b
lanke
tsha
llbede
termi
nedt
hroughca
lcu
lat
ioni
naccor
dance
wi
tht
hepe
rmi
ssi
blehyd
rau
licg
rad
ien
toft
heb
lanke
tingso
ilma
ter
ial.
Themi
nimumt
hicknes
sof
i
tsf
ron
tendshou
ldno
tbel
esst 6 m,andt
han0. het
hicknessshou
ldbei
ncr
easedg
radua
llyi
nthe
d
irec
tiono
fthes
lui r.Thep
cechambe rot
ect
ivel
aye
rsha
llbea
rrangedont
heb
l t.
anke

c) Thet
hicknes
soft
hean
ti-
seepagegeomemb
ranesha
llbede
termi
nedi
nacco
rdancewi
tht
heac
t-
nghead,t
i hewidt
ho ft
hepossi
blef
r ac
tureofthesoi
lma ssbenea
ththe memb
raneaswel
las
thes
tra
inandst
rengt
ho ft
he membr ,
ane butshoul
dno tbelessthan0.
5 mm.Theprot
ect
ive
l
aye
rsha
llbea
rrangedont
hegeomemb
rane.

d) I
ntheco
ldandseve
reco
ldr
egons,t
i hespa
cingo
fpe
rmanen
tjo
int
ssha
llbeapp
rop
ria
tel
yre
-
ducedont
heconc
ret
eorr
ein
for
cedconc
ret
ebl t,t
anke het
hicknessoft
hec
layorl
oam b
lanke
t
sha
llbei
ncr
easedapp
rop
ria
tey,andt
l heb
lanke
tsha
llbekep
tfr
ombe
ingexposedt
othea
tmos
-
phe
rei
nwi
ntr.
e

2.
7.3.
11 Themi
nimumt
hicknessoft
her
ein
for
cedconc
ret
eshee
tpi
leshou
ldnotbel
esst 2 m,
han0.
t
hewi
dthshou
ldnotbel
esst
han0.
4 mandt
heshee
tpi
lessha
llbeconnec
tedwi
tht
rapezo
idt
ongue
-
and
-goove.Themi
r nimumt
hicknes
soft
hecemen
tmor
tarcu
rta
inort
heh
ighp
ressu
rej
etg
rou
ting
cu
rta
inshou
ldno
tbel
esst
han0.
1 mandt
hemi
nimumt
hicknessoft
heconc
ret
ecu
t-of
fwa
llshou
ld
notbel
esst
han0.
2 m.Thet
hicknes
soft
heunde
rgr
oundve
rti
calan
ti-
seepagegeomemb
raneshou
ld
notbel
esst 25mm;t
han0. hecompos
itegeomemb
raneshou
ldbeused,andi
tst
hicknessshou
ldnot
bel
esst
han0.
5 mm.

104
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

2.
7.4 Ener
gyd
iss
ipat
ionandant
i-scou
rlayout

2.
7.4.
1 Theunde
rfl
owene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionshou
ldbeusedont
hedowns
treams
ideoft
hes
luce.
i The
l
ayou
toft
heene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionf
aci
li
tiessha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Whent
het
ailwa
terdep
thdowns
tream t
hes
lui
cei
slesst
hant
hedep
tha
fte
rt ump,t
hej he
down
-cu
tti
ngs
til
li
ngba
sin maybeusedf
orene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tion.Thes
til
li
ngbas
in maybecon
-
nec
tedt
othe s
lui
cef
loo
rby t
he s
lope;t
he g
rad
ien
toft
he s
lope shou
ld not be g
rea
ter
t
han1∶4.

b) Whent
het
ailwa
terdep
thdowns
treamt
hes
lui
cei
ssl
igh
tlyl
esst
hant
hedep
tha
fte
rt ump,
hej
t
heba
ffl
esi
llt
ypes
til
li
ngbas
inmaybeusedf
orene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tion.

c) Whent
het
ailwa
terdep
thdowns
treamt
hes
lui
cei
sfa
rlesst
hant
hedep
tha
fte
rthej
umpand
t
heca
lcu
lat
eddep
tho
fthes
til
li
ngba
sini
sre
lat
ive
lydeep,t
hecomb
ina
tionoft
hedown
-cu
tti
ng
s
til
li
ngba
sinandt
heba
ffl
esi
llt
ypes
til
li
ngbas
inmaybeusedf
orene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tion.

d) Whent
hed
iff
erencebe
tweent
heups
treamanddowns
tream wa
terl
eve
lsoft
hes
lui
cei
sre
la-
t
ive
l r
yg t,andt
ea het
ailwa
terdep
thi
sre
lat
ive
lysha
llow,t
heseconda
ryormu
lti
-st
ages
til
li
ng
bas
inmaybeusedf
orene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tion.

e) Theap
ronandt
hean
ti-
scou
rtench (
r oran
ti-
scou
rwa
ll)sha
llbea
rrangedf
ort
hedown
-cu
tti
ng
s
til
li
ngba
sin,ba
ffl
esi
llt
ypes
til
li
ngbas
inandt
hecomb
ina
tiont
ypes
til
li
ngbas
in.

f) Theaux
il
iar
yene
rgyd
iss
ipa
ter
ssuchasba
ffl
epi
ersandba
ffl
ebeams maybea
rrangedi
nthe
s
til
li
ngba
sin.

7.
2.4.
2 Whent
het
ailwa
terdep
th downs
tream t
he s
lui
cei
sre
lat
ive
ly deep,t
he va
ria
tioni
s
r
ela
tive
lysma
llandt
hean
ti-
scou
rcapac
ityo
fther
ive
rbedandbanks
lopei
sre
lat
ive
lys
trong,t
he
su
rfa
ce-
flowt
ypeene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionmaybeused.

2.
7.4.
3 Whent
heheadbor
nebyt
hes
lui
cei
sre
lat
ive
lyh
ighandt
hedowns
treamr
ive
rbedandbank
s
lopesa
reha
rdr ses,t
ockmas hede
flec
ting
-fl
owt
ypeene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionmaybeused.

2.
7.4.
4 Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othes
lui
cebu
iltont
heheav
ilysed
imen
tri
verca
rri
yngr
ela
tive
lyl
argeg
r l,
ave
t
hes
til
li
ng ba
sinshou
ldno
tbea
rranged;i
t may beconnec
tedt
othedowns
tream r
ive
rchanne
l
t
hrought
hean
ti-
scou
ringandwea
r-r
esi
sti
ngs
lop
ingap
ron,andt
hean
ti-
scou
rwa
llsha
llbea
rranged
a
ttheend.
Att
hepos
iti
onwi
thh
ighwa
terf
lowr
ate,an
ti-
scou
ringandan
ti-
cav
ita
tionmeasu
ressha
ll
aken.
bet

2.
7.4.
5 Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othel
arge
-sca
les
lui
cewi
thmu
lti
pleor
ifces,t
i hesepa
rat
ingp
ier
sort
hegu
ide
105
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

wa
llsmaybea
rrangedf
orene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionandan
ti-
scou
rind
iff
er tzones.
en

2.
7.4.
6 Theap
ronsha
llbef
lex
ibe,wa
l ter
-pe
rmeab
leandr
oughi
nsu
rfce;
a itscompos
iti
onandan
ti-
scou
ringcapac
itysha
llbeadap
tivet
othe wa
terf
low ve
loc
ity.Theg
rad
ien
toft
heap
ronshou
ldbe
equa
ltoorl
es han1∶10;t
st hean
ti-
scou
rtench (
r oran
ti-
scou
rwa
ll)sha
llbea
rrangeda
tisend;
t
t
hecush
ionl
aye
rsha
llbea
rrangedbenea
tht
heap
ron.

2.
7.4.
7 Theeng
inee
ringl
ayou
toft
heups
tream/downs
treams
lopep
rot
ect
ionandups
treambot
tom
r
pot
ect
iono
fthes
lui
cesha
llbede
termi
nedi
naccor
dance wi
tht
hean
ti-
scou
rtr
enchandt
hean
ti-
scou
rcapa
cit
yoft
her
ive
rbedso
il.
Thel
eng
thoft
hes
lopep
rot
ect
ionsha
llbeg
rea
tert
hant
hel
eng
th
oft
hebo
ttom p
rot
ect
ion (
apon).Thecush
r ionl
aye
rssha
llbea
rrangedbenea
tht
hes
lopep
rot
ect
ion
andt
hebot
tom p
rot
ect
ion.Thean
ti-
scou
rtench (
r oran
ti-
scou
rwa
ll)shou
lda
lsobea
rrangeda
tthe
headendoft
heups
treambot
tom p
rot
ect
ionwhennecessa
ry.

2.
7.5 Connect
ionl
ayoutoftbothbanks

2.
7.5.
1 Theconnec
tionbe
tweent
hetwos
ideso
fthes
lui
cesha
llensu
ret
hes
tab
il
ityo
fthebank
s
lopes,imp
rovet
hewa
teri
ntke/ou
a tle
tcond
iti
onsoft
hes
luce,enhancet
i hed
ischa
rgecapac
ityand
ene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionandan
ti-
scou
ref
fec
ts,sa
tis
fyt
hel
ate
ralan
ti-
seepager
equ
iremen
ts,r
educet
he
s
i oad’
del sin
fluenceont
hef
looro
fthes
lui
cechambe
randbef
avou
rab
lef
orenv
ir t.
onmen Thel
ay-
ou
toft
heconnec
tionbe
tweentwos
idessha
llbeadap
tivet
othel
ayou
toft
hes
lui r.
cechambe

2.
7.5.
2 Theconnec
tionbe
tweenbo
thbanksoft
hes
lui
ceshou
ldbeoft
heup
righ
twa
lls
truc
tue;
r
whent
hed
iff
erencebe
tweent
heups
tream anddowns
tream wa
terl
eve
lsi
snotg
r t,t
ea hes
lope
s
truc
tur
emaya
lsobeadop
ted,bu
tan
tiseepage,an
- ti-
scou
randf
ros
tres
ist
ancesha
llbecons
ide
red.
Ont
heso
lido
rmode
rat
elyso
lidf
ounda
tion,t
hequay wa
llandwi
ng wa
llmaybeo
ftheg
rav
ityt
ype
orcoun
ter
for
tst
ruc
tue;ont
r heso
ftf
ounda
tion,t
heemp
ty-
boxs
truc
tur
eshou
ldbeadop
ted.The
comb
ina
tiono
rsepa
rat
iono
fquay wa
llandt
hes
idega
tep
iersha
llbede
termi
nedi
naccor
dancewi
th
t
hes
lui
cechambe
rst
ruc
tur
eandt
hef
ounda
tioncond
itons.
i

2.
7.5.
3 Whent
hequaywa
llsa
rer
equ
iredonbot
hsi
desoft
hes
lui r,t
cechambe hequaywa
llsshou
ld
besepa
rat
edf
romt
hes
idega
tep
ier
sift
hes
lui
cechambe
rissegmen
tedbyj
oin
tsi
nthe mi
ddl
eof
ga
tep
ier;t
hequay wa
llsmaybeusedconcu
rren
tlyast
hes
idega
tep
ier
sormaybe madei
ntot
he
emp
ty-
boxt
ypei
fthes
lui
cechambe
rissegmen
tedbyj
oin
tsont
hes
lui
cef
l r.
oo Fo
rnon
-opens
lui
ce
chambe
rst
ruc
tur
eswi
thf
ewe
rsl
uiceo
rif
icesandno pe
rmanen
tjo
int,t
hes
idega
tep
ier
s maybe
usedt
osubs
tit
utef
ort
hequay wa
lls.

2.
7.5.4 Theups
tream anddowns
tream wi
ng wa
llsshou
ldbesmoo
thl
yconnec
ted wi
tht
hes
lui
ce
chambe
randt
hebanks
lopes.Thep
lanel
ayou
toft
heups
tream wi
ng wa
llshou
ldbei
nar
core
ll
ipt
ic
a
r orm;wh
cf ilet
hep
lanel
ayou
toft
hedowns
tream wi
ng wa
llshou
ldbeacomb
ina
tionofa
rc(
ore
l-
l
ipt
ica
rc)ands
tra
igh
tli
neo
raf
oldl
ine.
Ont
heha
rdcohes
iveso
ilandr
ockf
ounda
tion,t
heups
tream
106
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

anddowns
tream wi
ng wa
llsmaybeconnec
tedwi
tht
hebanks
lopesbyt
hewa
rpedsu
rfaces.

2.
7.5.
5 Thep
roec
j t
edl
eng
thoft
heups
tream wi
ngwa
lla
longt
hewa
terf
lowd
irec
tionsha
llbeg
rea
-
t
ert
hano
requa
ltot
heb
lanke
tleng
th.Theave
raged
ive
rgenceang
leoft
hedowns
tream wi
ng wa
ll
shou
ldbe7
°to12
°onea
chs
ide,andi
tsp
roec
j t
edl
eng
tha
longt
hewa
terf
lowd
irec
tionsha
llbeg
rea
-
t
ert
hano
requa
ltot
hel
eng
thoft
hes
til
li
ngbas
in.Accor
dingt
othel
ate
ralan
ti-
seepager
equ
ire
-
men
ts,t
het
ope
leva
tionoft
heups
treamanddowns
tream wi
ng wa
llssha
llbeh
ighe
rthant
hemos
t
un
favou
rab
leope
rat
ing wa
terl
eve
lso
ftheups
treamanddowns
treams
idesr
espec
tive
ly.

2.
7.5.
6 Thesubsec
tionl
eng
thoft
hewi
ng wa
llsha
llbede
termi
nedi
naccor
dancewi
tht
hes
truc
tur
e
andf
ounda
tioncond
itons.
i Thesubsec
tionl
eng
thoft
hewi
ng wa
llont
heso
lido
rmed
ium-
sol
idf
oun
-
da
ti o20m;t
on maybe15mt hesubsec
tionl
eng
thoft
hewi
ngwa
llont
hesof
tfounda
tionorback
fil
l
so
ilmaybeshor
tenedapp
rop
ria
tey.
l

2.
7.6 Hyd
rau
licdes
ign

2.
7.6.
1 Thehyd
rau
licdes
igno
fthes
lui
cesha
lli
ncl
udet
heca
lcu
lat
iono
fto
talne
twi
dtho
fthes
lui
ce
or
ifce,t
i hedes
ignandca
lcu
lat
iono
ftheene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionandan
ti-
scou
rfac
il
it
iesas we
llast
he
f
ormu
lat
iono
ftheope
rat
iona
lmodeo
fthes
luce.
i

2.
7.6.
2 I
nthehyd
rau
licdes
ign,i
tisneces
sar
ytocons
ide
rthenega
tivei
nfl
uencesoft
hepos
sib
le
sed
imen
tat
ionors
cou
ringi
nups
tream anddowns
tream r
ive
rbedsa
s we
llast
heva
ria
tiono
fthe
downs
lui
ces
tage,a
fte
rthes
lui
cei
sbu
ilt,ont
hed
ischa
rgecapac
ityandene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionandan
ti-
scou
rfac
il
it
ies.

2.
7.6.
3 Theun
itd
ischa
rgef
romt
hes
lui
cel
ocksha
llbese
lec
tedi
naccor
dance wi
tht
hegeo
log
ica
l
cond
iti
onso
fthedowns
treamr
i rbed,d
ve iff
erencebe
tweent
heups
tream anddowns
tream wa
ter
l
eve
ls,dep
tho
fthedowns
treamt
ailwa
ter,r
ati
ooft
heove
ral
lwi
dthoft
hes
lui
cechambe
rtot
he
wi
dthoft
her
ive l,cons
rchanne truc
tionf
eat
ureso
fthes
lui
ceanddowns
tream ene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tion
andan
ti-
scou
rfac
il
it
ies.

2.
7.6.
4 Thed
iff
erencebe
tweent
heups
treamanddowns
tream wa
terl
eve
lsofs
lui
cesha
llbese
lec
t-
edt
hroughcomp
rehens
ivecompa
risoni
naccor
dance wi
tht
hei
nfl
uenceofups
tream subme
rgng,
i
pe
rmi
ssi
bleun
itd
ischa
rgeandcons
truc
tioncos
toft
hes
luce.Thed
i iff
erencebe
tweent
heups
tream
anddowns
tream wa
terl
eve
lsoft
hes
lui
cei
nthep
lai
nar
eamaybe0.
1 mt
o0.
3 m.

2.
7.6.
5 Theene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionandan
ti-
scou
rfa
cil
it
iesont
hedowns
tream s
ideoft
hes
lui
cesha
ll
mee
tther
equ
iremen
tsofd
iss
ipa
tingt
hek
ine
ticene
rgyandun
iforml
ydi
ffus
ingt
hewa
terf
lowunde
r
a
llpos
sib
lehyd
rau
liccond
itons,andsha
i llbep
rope
rlyconnec
tedt
othedowns
treamr
ive l.
rchanne

2.
7.6.
6 Fort
heunde
rfl
owene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tiondes
ign,t
hehyd
rau
licca
lcu
lat
ionsha
llbepe
rformeda
c-
107
SHP/TG 002
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2019

cor
dingt
othed
ischa
rgecond
itons (
i par
ticu
lar
lyt
hei
nit
ialf
lowcond
iton)o
i ft
hes
lui
cet
ode
termi
ne
t
hedep
th,l
eng
thandf
loort
hicknessoft
hes
til
li
ngbas
in.

2.
7.6.
7 Fort
hesu
rfa
ce-
flowene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tiondes
ign,t
hehyd
rau
licca
lcu
lat
ionsha
llbepe
rformed
acco
rdi
ngt
othed
ischa
rgea
tva
riouss
tageso
fthes
lui
ceandt
hecor
respond
ingwa
terl
eve
lsf
orpos
-
s
ibl
ecomb
ina
tionst
ose
lec
tthehe
igh
toft
hef
all
ing
-si
ll,e
leva
tionang
leo
fthes
il
ltop,an
ti-
arcr
adi
-
usandl
eng
tho
fthef
all
ing
-si
ll,t
hrashou
tandt
opr
even
tthee
ros
iono
fthes
lui
cef
ounda
tionand
scou
ringp
rob
lemoft
hedowns
tr s.
eambank

2.
7.6.
8 Fort
heene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tiondes
ignbyde
flec
tingf
low,t
hehyd
rau
licca
lcu
lat
ionsha
llbepe
r-
f
ormedaccor
dingt
othed
ischa
rgea
tva
riouss
tagesoft
hes
lui
cet
ose
lec
tthet
ope
leva
tionoft
he
de
flec
ti t,t
ngbucke hean
ti-
arcr
adi
usandbucke
tang
le,t
oca
lcu
lat
ethej
etd
ist
anceand max
imum
dep
thoft
hescou
ringp
itf
ord
ischa
rgedf
lowandt
henecessa
r r
ypot
ect
ivemeasu
ressha
l aken.
lbet

2.
7. 6.
9 Thel
eng
tho
ftheap
ronsha
llbede
termi
neda
ccor
dingt
othe pos
sib
led
isadvan
tageous
wa
terl
eve
lsandt
hef
lowcomb
ina
tion.

2.
7. 6.
10 Thedep
tho
fthedowns
tream an
ti-
scou
rtr
enchsha
llbecomp
rehens
ive
ly de
termi
ned
t
hrought
her
ive
rbedso
ilp
rope
rtes,un
i itd
ischa
rgeo
fap
ronendanddowns
tream wa
terdep
th,bu
t
sha
llnotbel
esst
hant
hes
cou
ringdep
tho
fther
ive
rbeda
ttheap
ronend.

2.
7.6.
11 Thedep
thoft
heups
treaman
ti-
scou
rtr
enchsha
llbecomp
rehens
ive
lyde
termi
nedt
hrough
t
her
ive
rbedso
ilp
rope
rtes,un
i itd
ischa
rgea
ttheheadendo
ftheups
treambot
tom p
rot
ect
ionand
ups
tream wa
terdep
th,bu
tsha
llno
tbel
esst
hant
hes
cou
ringdep
thoft
her
ive
rbeda
ttheheadend
oft
heups
treambot
tom p
rot
ect
ion.

2.
7.6.
12 Fo
rthecon
tro
landope
rat
ionoft
hes
luce,t
i heopen
ingandc
los
ingsequenceoft
hes
lui
ce
andt
hes
lui
ceopen
ingsha
llbespec
ifi
edaccor
dingt
othehyd
rau
licdes
ignorhyd
rau
licmode
ltes
tre
-
su
ltsf
ort
hes
lui
cet
oavo
idanun
favou
rab
lef
low r
egimesuchasconcen
tra
tedf
low o
rre
fra
cti
ve
f
low.Thecon
tro
landope
rat
ionmodeo
fthes
lui
cesha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Whend
ischa
rgi
ng wa
tert
hroughs
lui
ceor
ifces,t
i hehyd
rau
licj
umpsha
llcomp
let
elyoccu
rint
he
s
til
li
ngbas
ini
nal ses.
lca

b) Thes
lui
cega
tesshou
ldbeun
iforml
yopenedandc
losedbys
tagesa
tt ime.
hesamet Ift
heycou
ld
nota
llbeopenedo
rcl
oseda
tthes ime,t
amet hes
lui
cemaybeopenedi
nsec
tionsorzonesf
rom
t
hemi
ddl
eor
ifi
cest
obot
hsdes,o
i ropenedandc
losedsymme
tri
cal
lybyeve
ryot
heror
ifce,
i
andbec
losedi
ntheoppos
itesequence.

c) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othedoub
le-
decks
lui
ceo
rif
iceso
rthedoub
le-
lea
fsl
uicel
aidou
tinl
aye
rs,i
tis
necessa
ryt
oopent
hebo
ttoms
lui
ceor
ifi
cesort
hel
owe
rlea
foft
hes
lui
cef
irt,andt
s henopen
108
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

t
hes
lui
ceo
rif
icesont
het
opl
aye
rort
heuppe
rlea
foft
hes
luce;whenc
i los
ing,pe
rformt
hisi
n
t
heoppos
itesequence.

d) St
ric
tlycon
tro
lthes
lui
ceopen
ingunde
rin
iti
alf
lowcond
iti
onsandp
reven
tthes
lui
cef
romr
e-
ma
ini
ngi
ntheopena
reawi
thr
ela
tive
lys
ign
ifi
can
tvi
bra
tionwhenr
eleas
ingt
hewa
ter.

e) Whenc
los
ingt
hes
lui
ceo
rreduc
ingt
hes
lui
ceopen
ing,p
reven
tthe wa
terl
eve
loft
her
ive
r
channe
ldowns
treamo
fthes
lui
cef
romd
ropp
ingt
oof
ast.

2.
7.7 Ant
i-seepageandd
rai
nagedes
ign

2.
7.7.
1 Thean
ti-
seepageandd
rai
nagedes
ignoft
hes
lui
cesha
llbepe
rformedi
naccor
dancewi
tht
he
geo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onsoft
hes
lui
cef
ounda
tion,t
hel
ayou
toft
hes
lui
cef
ounda
tionandt
hecon
tou
rli
ne
onbo
ths
idesaswe
lla
stheups
treamanddowns
tream wa
terl
eve
lcond
itons.
i Itscon
ten
tssha
lli
n-
c
lude:ca
lcu
lat
ionofseepagep
res
sue,ve
r rif
ica
tiono
fan
ti-
seepages
tab
il
ity,des
ignoff
il
terl r,
aye
des
igno
fan
ti-
seepagecu
rta
inandd
rai
nageho
lesanddes
igno
fpe
rmanen
tjo
intwa
ters
top.

2.
7.7.
2 Theseepagep
ressu
rea
tthes
lui
cef
ounda
tionbot
tomont
her
ockf
ounda
tionmaybeca
lcu
-
l
atedwi
tht
het
ota
lcr
oss
-sec
tionl
inea
rdi
str
ibu
tion me
thod,bu
tthea
cti
onsande
ffec
tso
fse
tti
ng
an
ti-
seepagecu
rta
inandd
rai
nageho
leont
her
educ
tionofseepagep
ressu
resha
llbecons
ide
red.

2.
7.7.
3 Theseepagep
ressu
reac
tingont
hes
lui
cef
ounda
tionbot
toml
oca
tedont
heea
rthbasemay
beca
lcu
lat
edwi
tht
heimp
rovedr
esi
stancecoe
ffi
cien
tme
thodorf
low ne
tme
thod;wi
thr
ega
rdt
o
t
heimpor
tan
tsl
uiceont
hecomp
lexso
i se,nume
lba rica
lca
lcu
lat
ionme
thodsha
llbeused.

2.
7.7.
4 Whent
hepe
rmeab
il
itycoe
ffi
cien
toft
heso
ill
aye
rsbeh
indt
hequay wa
llandt
hewi
ng wa
ll
i
slesst
hano
requa
ltot
hatoft
hef
ounda
tionso
il,t
hel
ate
ralseepagep
ressu
remaybeapp
rox
ima
tel
y
ca
lcu
lat
edbyadop
tingt
hef
orwa
rdseepagep
ressu
rea
tthes
lui
cebot
toma
tthecor
respond
ingpos
i-
t
ions,bu
tthei
nfl
uenceoft
he wa
terl
eve
lva
ria
tioni
nfr
onto
fthe wa
llandt
heunde
rgr
ound wa
ter
r
echa
rgebeh
indt
he wa
llsha
llbet
akeni
nt t;whent
oaccoun hepe
rmeab
il
itycoe
ffi
cien
toft
heso
il
l
aye
rsbeh
indt
hequay wa
llandt
hewi
ng wa
lli
sgr
eat
ert
hant
hatoft
hef
ounda
tionso
il,t
hel
ate
ral
bypassf
low maybeca
lcu
lat
edwi
tht
heca
lcu
lat
ion me
thodf
orseepageunde
rpr
essu
rea
tthes
lui
ce
bot
tom.

2.
7.7.
5 Whenve
rif
yingt
hean
ti-
seepages
tab
il
ityoft
hes
lui
cef
ounda
tion,t
heseepageg
rad
ien
tsof
t
heho
rizon
talsec
tionandt
heou
tle
tsec
tiona
rer
equ
iredt
obel
esst
hant
hecor
respond
ingpe
rmi
ssi
-
b
leseepageg
rad
ien
tva
luesoft
heso
ilr
espec
tive
ly.

2.
7.7.
6 Thecu
rta
ing
rou
tingho
lesi
nthes
lui
cer
ockf
ounda
tionshou
ldbea
rrangedi
nas
ing
l ow,
er
wi
tht
hespac
ingi
nte
rva
lsa
t1.
5 mt
o3.
0 mandt
heho
ledep
th0.
3to0.
7timest
hemax
imum wa
ter
dep
thont
he s
luce.The cu
i rta
ing
rou
ting sha
llbe pe
rformed a
fte
rfi
nish
ing al
aye
rofcapp
ing
109
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

conc
ret
eanda
lsocomp
let
ingt
heconso
lida
tiong
rou
tingp
rocess.Theg
rou
tingp
ressu
resha
llnotl
ift
t
hef
ounda
tionr s;t
ock hecon
tro
lst
anda
rdf
ort
hepe
rmeab
ler
ateoft
hean
ti-
seepagecu
rta
inshou
ld
notbeg
rea
te han5Lu.
rt

2.
7.7.
7 Af
tercu
rta
ing
rou
ting,t
hed
rai
nageho
lesshou
ldbea
rrangedi
nas
ing
l ow,andt
er hed
is-
tancetothecurt
aing
rou
tingho
lesshou
ldnotbelesst
han2.
0 m.Thespac
ingbetweend r
ainageho
les
shouldbe2.0 mt 0 m,t
o3. hehol
edepthshoul
dbe0. 4t
o0.6timesthecur
tai
ng rou
tingho l
edepth
andshou
ldno
tbel
esst
hant
heconso
lida
tiong
rou
tingho
ledep
th.

7.2.
7.
8 Onel aye
rofthewate
rstopsha
llbearr
angedfo
rt hepermanen
tjoint
swithi
ntheanti
-seep
-
agescope;t
hewa t
ers
topt
ypeshal
lbeadapt
ivetotherequi
rementsofunevense
ttl
ementandtem-
pe
rat
urechange.The wa
ter
-st
op ma
ter
ial
ssha
llbedu
rab
le;t
hei
nte
rsec
tionbe
tweent
heve
rti
cal
wa
ters
topandt
hehor
izon
talwa
ters
topsha
llcons
tit
uteasea
lingsys
tem.

2.
7.8 St
ructu
raldes
ign

2.
7. 8.1 Thestr
uctur
aldes
ignoftheslu
iceshallbepe
r f
ormedaccordi
ngt
othes
truc
tur
est
resscon
-
di
tionsandtheeng
ineer
inggeo
log
icalcondi
tions,whichsha
lli
nclude:

a) l
oadandl
oadcomb
ina
tion;

b) s
tab
il
ityca
lcu
lat
ionoft
hes
lui r,quay wa
cechambe llandwi
ng wa
ll;

c) s
truc
tur
als
tressana
lys
is.

2.
7.8.
2 Whenma son
ryisusedinpartofthes
luicest
ruct
ure,theboul
derstr
ipsorr
ockb l
ocksshal
l
bewea
the
r-r
esi
stant,thef
reeze
-thawingl
ossra
tioshal
lbelessthan1% ,t
heunitweigh
tshouldnot
bel
essthan30kgandt hes
treng
thg radeoft
hema sonry mo
rtarsha
llnotbelowe
rt hanM7.5.
Eff
ec-
t
iveant
i-seepaged
rai
nagemeasuresshal
lbetakenfort
hema sonrystr
uctue;i
r nthesever
ecoldand
co
ldr
egons,t
i herma
linsu
lat
ionandan
ti-
freez
ing measu
ressha
lla
lsobet
akenf
ort
hemason
rys
truc
-
t
ureoft
hes
luce.
i

2.
7.8.
3 I
nadd
iti
ont
oca
ref
ulana
lys
isofea
rthqua
keac
tionandse
ismi
cca
lcu
lat
ion,sa
feandr
eli
abl
e
se
ismi
cmeasu
resmaybeadop
tedf
ors
lui
cesi
nea
rthquakea
reaswi
thpea
kgr
ounda
cce
ler
ati
ong
rea
-
t
ert
hano
requa
lt 1g.
o0.

2.
7. 8.4 Loadesact
ing ontheslui
cei nc
lude:dead
-wei t,wa
gh ter we
i t,hyd
gh rosta
ticp
ressu
re,
up
lif
tp r
essu
re,ea
rthpressu
r e,sedimentpressu
re,wi
ndp ressu
re,wavep r
essu
r e,icep
ressu
re,
sei
smicload,andot
herpossib
l oads.
el Theloadsmaybec l
ass
ifi
edin
tobas
icloadandspec
ia oad.
ll In
thesl
uicedesgn,va
i ri
ousloadst
hatmayac
ts imu
ltaneous
lyshal
lbecombned,wh
i i
ch maybeused
wi
thr
efe
rencet
o Tab
le16.Ot
herposs
ibl
edi
sadvan
tageouscomb
ina
tions maya
lsobecons
ide
red
whennecess
ary.
110
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

Tab
le16 Ca
lcu
lat
ionl
oadcomb
inat
ionofs
lui
ce

Loads Des
cri
pti
on

F
ros
Loadcomb

theav
Hyd

Ea
Up

Wavep
Wi
r

So

I
Wa

S
Deadwe

r
os

cep
Ca
lcu
lat
ion

i
l

t
l

i
i

ndp
i

tp

hqua
t

ngp
f

lp
t

Ot
tp
e

a
rwe

cond
iti
on
t

r
r
r

he
i
i

es
r
es
cp

es

r
na

kel
es
es

es

r
es
su
su

s
i

su
t

su
gh

su
i

su

su
gh

es

r
on

oad
r

e
r
e
t

r
t

su

e
e

eo
r
e

fso
il
Cons
truc
tion Theup
lif
tpr
essu
regene
rat
edbyt
he
comp
let
ion √ — — — √ — — — — — — √ unde
rgr
oundwa
termaybecons
ide
red
cond
iti
on whenneces
say.
r

No
rma
l Thewa
terwe
i t,hyd
gh ros
tat
icp
res
sue,
r
r
ese
rvo
ir up
lif
tpr
essu
reandwavep
res
sur
ear
e
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ — — — √
Ba

l
eve
l ca
lcu
lat
edi
nacco
rdancewi
tht
he
si

cond
iti
on no
rma
lrese
rvo
irl
eve
lcomb
ina
tion.
ccomb

Thewa
terwe
i t,hyd
gh ros
tat
icp
res
sue,
r
Des
ign
i

up
lif
tpr
essu
reandwavep
res
sur
ear
e
na

f
loodl
eve
l √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ — — — —
ti

ca
lcu
lat
edi
nacco
rdancewi
tht
he
on

cond
iti
on
des
ignf
loodl
eve
lcomb
ina
tion.

Thewa
terwe
i t,hyd
gh ros
tat
icp
res
sue,
r
F
ros
t up
lif
tpr
essu
reandi
cep
res
sur
ear
e
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ — √ √ — √
cond
iti
on ca
lcu
lat
edi
nacco
rdancewi
tht
he
no
rma
lrese
rvo
irl
eve
lcomb
ina
tion.

Cons
truc
tion Thet
empo
rar
yloadsi
nva
riouss
tages
√ — — — √ — — — — — — √
cond
iti
on o
fthecons
truc
tionsha
llbecons
ide
red.

Thehyd
ros
tat
icp
res
sue,up
r lif
t
r
pes
sur
eandwavep
res
sur
ear
e
ca
lcu
lat
edi
nacco
rdancewi
tht
he
Ove
rhau
l
√ — √ √ √ √ √ √ — — — √ norma
lreservo
irl
eve
lcombina
tion
cond
iti
on
(o
rinaccor
dancewit
hdesi
gnflood
Spec

leve
lcomb i
nat
ionorl
ow wa t
erleve
l
ia

)
y.
lcomb

condi
tioni
nwi nt
erwhennecess
ar

Thewa
terwe
i t,hyd
gh ros
tat
icp
res
sue,
r
ina

Checkf
lood
t

up
lif
tpr
essu
reandwavep
res
sur
ear
e
ion

l
eve
l √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ — — — —
ca
lcu
lat
edi
nacco
rdancewi
tht
hecheck
cond
iti
on
f
loodl
eve
lcomb
ina
tion.

Thewa
terwe
i t,hyd
gh ros
tat
icp
res
sue,
r
Ea
rthqua
ke up
lif
tpr
essu
reandwavep
res
sur
ear
e
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ — — √ —
cond
iti
on ca
lcu
lat
edi
nacco
rdancewi
tht
he
no
rma
lrese
rvo
irl
eve
lcomb
ina
tion.

111
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

2.
7.8.
5 Fort
hes
tab
il
ityca
lcu
lat
ionoft
hes
lui r,t
cechambe hega
tesec
tionbe
tweentwoad
jacen
t
pe
rmanen
tjo
int
sal
ongt
hewa
terf
lowd
irec
tionshou
ldbeusedast
heca
lcu
lat
ionun
it.

2.
7. 8.
6 Thes
tab
il
ity ca
lcu
lat
ion oft
he s
lui
ce chambe
ront
he so
ilf
ounda
tion sha
ll mee
tthe
f
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Unde
rva
riousca
lcu
lat
ioncond
itons,t
i heave
ragef
ounda
tions
tres
soft
hes
lui
cechambe
rsha
ll
no
tbemo
ret
hant
hea
llowab
lebea
ringcapac
ityo
fthef
ounda
tion,andt
hemax
imumf
ounda
tion
s
tresssha
llnotbemor
ethan1.
2timest
hea
llowab
lebea
ringcapa
cit
yoft
hef
ounda
tion.

b) Ther
ati
ooft
hemax
imumandt
hemi
nimumf
ounda
tions
tressesoft
hes
lui
cechambe
rsha
llmee
t
t
hep
rov
isi
onf
ora
llowab
leva
luei
nTab
le17.

c) Thean
ti-
sli
dings
tab
il
itysa
fet
yfac
tora
longt
hef
ounda
tionsu
rfa
ceoft
hes
lui
cechambe
rsha
ll
no
tbel
esst
hant
hesa
fet
yal
lowab
leva
lue (
1.20f
orbas
icl
oadcomb
ina
tionand1.
0to1.
05f
or
t
hespec
iall
oadcomb
ina
tion).

Tab
le17 Al
lowab
leva
luefo
rrat
ioofthemax
imumandthemi
nimumfoundat
ionst
resses
ofthes
lui
cechamberontheso
ilfoundat
ion

Loadcomb
ina
tion
Founda
tionso
il
Ba
siccomb
ina
tion Spec
ialcomb
ina
tion

So
ft 1.
50 2.
00

Med
iumha
rd 2.
00 2.
50

Ha
rd 2.
50 3.
00

2.
7.8.
7 Thes
tab
il
ityca
lcu
lat
iono
fthes
lui
cechambe
ront
her
ockf
ounda
tionsha
llmee
tthef
oll
ow-
i
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Unde
ranyca
lcu
lat
ioncond
itons,t
i hemax
imumf
ounda
tions
tressoft
hes
lui
cechambe
rsha
llnot
bemor
ethant
hea
llowab
lebea
ringcapa
cit
yoft
hef
ounda
tion.

b) Unde
rnon
-se
ismi
ccond
itons,t
i het
ens
iles
tres
ssha
llnotoccu
ront
hef
ounda
tionoft
hes
lui
ce
r;unde
chambe r ea
rthquake cond
itons,t
i he t
ens
iles
tress on t
he f
ounda
tion oft
he s
lui
ce
chambe
rsha
llno
tbemo
r han100kPa.
et

c) Thean
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tysa
fet
yfac
tora
longt
hef
ounda
tionsu
rfa
ceo
fthes
lui
cechambe
rsha
llnot
bel
esst
hant
hea
llowab
leva
luef
orsa
fey(
t i
fca
lcu
lat
edi
naccor
dancewi
tht
hepu
ref
ric
tionf
or-
mu
la:1.
05f
ort
hebas
iccomb
ina
tionand1.
0fo
rthespec
ialcomb
ina
tion;
ifca
lcu
lat
edi
nacco
rd-
ancewi
tht
heshea
ringr
esi
sti
ngf
ormu
la:3.
0fort
heba
siccomb
ina
tionand2.
5fort
hespec
ial
comb
ina
tion).
112
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

2.
7.8.
8 Thes
tressont
hef
ounda
tiono
fthes
lui
cechambe
rsha
llber
espec
tive
lyca
lcu
lat
edacco
rdi
ng
t
othef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isi
onsi
naccor
dancewi
tht
hes
truc
tur
all
ayou
tandt
hes
tress.

a) Whent
hes
truc
tur
all
ayou
tandt
hes
tressa
resymme
trc,t
i heca
lcu
lat
ionsha
llbepe
rformeda
c-
co
rdi
ngt
otheFo
rmu
la(
21).

∑G ∑M …………………………(21 )
Pmax/min = ±
A W

whe
re

Pmax/min i
sthe max
imum va
lueormi
nimum va
lueofca
lcu
lat
edf
ounda
tions
tres
sofca
lcu
lat
ed
s
lui r,i
cechambe nkPa;

∑G i
sthea
llve
rti
call
oadsa
cti
ngont
hes
lui r(
cechambe i
ncl
udi
ngt
heup
lif
tpr
essu
reont
he
f
ounda
tionsu
rfaceo
fthes
lui r,i
cechambe nkN;

∑M i
sthemomen
tofa
llve
rti
calandhor
izon
tall
oadsac
tingont
hes
lui
cechambe
rre
lat
ive
t
othecen
tro
ida
lax
isoff
ounda
tionsu
rfa
ceve
rti
calt
othe wa
terf
low d
irec
tion,i
n
kN·m;

A i
sthea
reaoft
hef
ounda
tionsu
rfa
ceo
fthes
lui r,i
cechambe nm2 ;

W i
sthesec
tiona
lmomen
toft
hef
ounda
tionsu
rfaceoft
hes
lui
cechambe
rre
lat
ivet
othe
cen
tro
ida
lax
iso
fth
isf
ounda
tionsu
rfaceve
rti
calt
othewa
terf
lowd
irec
tion,i
nm3 .

b) Whent
hes
truc
tur
all
ayou
tandt
hes
tressa
reasymme
trc,t
i heca
lcu
lat
ionsha
llbepe
rformeda
c-
cor
dingt
otheFo
rmu
la(
22).

∑G ∑Mx ∑My …………………………(22 )

Pmax/min = ± ±
A Wx Wy

whe
re

∑Mx ,∑My i
sthe momen
tofa
llve
rti
calandhor
izon
tall
oadsac
tingont
hes
lui
cechambe
r
r
ela
tivet
othecen
tro
ida
lax
isx andy off
ounda
tionsu
rface,i
nkN·m;

W x ,W y i
stheSec
tiona
lmomen
toff
ounda
tionsu
rfa
ceofs
lui
cechambe
rre
lat
ivet
othe
cen
tro
ida
lax
isx andy oft
hisf
ounda
tionsu
rfce,i
a nm3 .

2.
7.8.
9 Thesa
fet
yfa
ctrKcofan
o ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tyont
heso
ilf
ounda
tiona
longt
hef
ounda
tionsu
rface
oft
hes
lui
cechambe
rsha
llbeca
lcu
lat
edacco
rdi
ngt
otheFo
rmu
la(
23)ort
heFormu
la(
24).
113
SHP/TG 002
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2019

f∑G
Kc = …………………………(23 )
∑H

tgφ0∑G + C0A
Kc = …………………………(24 )
∑H

whe
re

Kc i
sthean
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tys
afe
tyf
act
ora
longt
hef
ounda
tionsu
rfaceoft
hes
lui r;
cechambe

f i
sthef
ric
tioncoe
ffi
cien
tbe
tweent
hef
ounda
tionsu
rfaceoft
hes
lui
cechambe
randt
hef
ounda
-
t
ion;

∑H i
sthea
llho
rizon
tall
oadsa
cti
ngont
hes
lui r,i
cechambe nkN;

φ0 i
stheF
ric
tiona
lang
lebe
tweent
hef
ounda
tionsu
rfa
ceoft
hes
lui
cechambe
randt
heso
ilf
oun
-
da
tion,i
n(°);

C0 i
stheCohes
ivef
orcebe
tweent
hef
ounda
tionsu
rfa
ceoft
hes
lui
cechambe
randt
heso
ilf
oun
-
da
tion ,i
nkPa.

2.
7.8.
10 Thean
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tys
afe
tyf
act
oront
her
ockf
ounda
tiona
longt
hef
ounda
tionsu
rfa
ceof
t
hes
lui
cechambe
rsha
llbeca
lcu
lat
eda
ccor
dingt
otheFormu
la(
23)ort
heFormu
la(
25).

f∑G + C
'A
Kc = …………………………(25 )
∑H

whe
re

f' i
sthe shea
ring r
esi
sti
ng f
ric
tion coe
ffi
cien
tbe
tweent
hef
ounda
tion su
rface o
fthe s
lui
ce
chambe
randt
her
ockf
ounda
tion;

C' i
stheshea
ringr
esi
stancecohes
ivef
orce (
kPa)be
tweent
hef
ounda
tionsu
rfaceo
fthes
lui
ce
chambe
randt
her
ockf
ounda
tion;

k i
sthean
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tysa
fet
yfac
tor.Whent
hes
lui
cechambe
rissub
jec
ttot
heac
tiono
fatwo
-
wayho
rizon
ta oad,andt
ll hean
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tyont
hed
irec
tionofi
tsr
esu
ltan
tfor
cesha
llbeve
r-
i
fied.

2.
7.8.
11 I
ntheabsenceoft
estda
ta,t
hef
ric
tioncoe
ffi
ci tf be
en tweent
hef
ounda
tionsu
rfaceof
114
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

t
hes
lui
cechambe
randt
hef
ounda
tion maybese
lec
tedf
romt
heemp
iri
calva
luesl
ist
edi
nTab
le18
acco
rdi
ngt
otheca
tegor
yoff
ounda
tion.

Tab
le18 Emp
iri
calva
luesoff
rict
ioncoef
fic
ientf betweenfoundat
ionsu
rfaceofs
lui
ce
chambe
randfoundat
ion

Ca
tego
ryo
ffounda
tion f

Wea
k 0.
20~0.
25

C
lay Med
ium-
har
d 0.
25~0.
35

Ha
rd 0.
35~0.
45

Loamands
il
tloam 0.
25~0.
40

Sandyl
oamands
il
tyso
il 0.
35~0.
40

F
ines
andandve
ryf
ines
and 0.
40~0.
45

Med
iums
andandcoa
rses
and 0.
45~0.
50

Sandg
rave
l 0.
40~0.
50

Gr
ave
landcobb
le 0.
50~0.
55

Gr
ave
llyso
il 0.
40~0.
50

Ex
treme
lyso
ft 0.
40~0.
45

So
ftr
ock So
ft 0.
45~0.
55

Re
lat
ive
lyso
ft 0.
55~0.
60

Re
lat
ive
lyha
rd 0.
60~0.
65
Ha
rdr
ock
Ha
rd 0.
65~0.
70

2.
7.8.
12 Thef
ric
tiona
lang
leφ0 andt
hecohes
ivef
orceC0 be
tweent
hef
ounda
tionsu
rfa
ceo
fthe
s
lui
cechambe
randt
heso
ilf
ounda
tion maybeadop
tedacco
rdi
ngt
otheca
tego
ryofso
ilf
ounda
tion
andwi
thr
efe
rencet
oTab
le19.

Tab
le19 Va
luesφ0 andC0(
soi
lfounda
tion)

Ca
tego
ryo
fso
ilf
ounda
tion φ0 C0

Cohes
iveso
il 0.
9φ (
0. 3)C
2~0.

Sandyso
il (
0. 9)φ
85~0. 0

2.
7.8.
13 Theshea
ringr
esi
sti
ngf
ric
tioncoe
ffi
ci tf'andt
en heshea
ringr
esi
sti
ngcohes
ivef
orce C'
be
tweent
hef
ounda
tionsu
rfa
ceoft
hes
lui
cechambe
randt
her
ockf
ounda
tion maybese
lec
teda
c-
cor
dingt
otheshea
ringr
esi
sti
ngt
estr
esu
ltsf
orr
ock
sint
hel
abor
ator
y andt
heva
luesl
ist
edi
n
Tab
le20.

115
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

Tab
le20 Va
luesf'andC' (
rockfoundat
ion)

Ca
tego
ryo
frockf
ounda
tion f
' C' (
MPa)

Ha
rd 1.
5~1.
3 1.
5~1.
3
Ha
rdr
ock
Re
lat
ive
lyha
rd 1.
3~1.
1 1.
3~1.
1

Re
lat
ive
lyso
ft 1.
1~0.
9 1.
1~0.
7

So
ftr
ock So
ft 0.
9~0.
7 0.
7~0.
3

Ve
ryso
ft 0.
7~0.
4 0.
3~0.
05

2.
7.8.
14 I
fthes
lui
cechambe
risequ
ippedwi
thtwobu
lkheadga
tesorwi
thon
lyonebu
lkheadga
te,
t
hean
ti-
floa
tings
tab
il
itysha
llbeca
lcu
lat
edwhent
hese
rvi
cega
teandt
hebu
lkheadga
tea
reusedf
or
i
nspec
tion.Thean
ti-
floa
tings
tab
il
itys
afe
tyf
act
oroft
hes
lui
cechambe
rsha
llnotbel
esst
han1.
10
unde
rba
sicl
oadcomb
ina
tionandsha
llno
tbel
esst
han1.
05unde
rspec
iall
oadcomb
ina
tion.

8 Wate
rdi
ver
sionst
ructu
re

8.
1 Wate
rintake

1.
8.1 Thewa
teri
nta
kesi
ncl
udet
hef
oll
owi ypes.
ngt

a) Theopeni
nta
keshou
ldapp
lyt
othenon
-pr
essu
red
ive
rsi
onhyd
ropowe
rst
aton,andt
i hewa
ter
l
eve
latt
hel
ead
ingedgeoft
hei
ntakeshou
ldva
riesl
itt
le.

b) Ther
ive
rbedi
nta
keshou
ldapp
lyt
other
ive
rbedhyd
ropowe
rst
aton,wh
i ichi
sani
nteg
ralpa
rt
oft
hepowe
rhouses
truc
tue.
r

c) Thedami
ntakeshou
ldapp
lyt
oal
lki
ndsofconc
ret
edamsandmason
rydams.

d) Thebanki
ntakeshou
ldapp
lyt
othep
ressu
red
ive
rsi
on-
typehyd
ropowe
rst
aton,and maybe
i
c
lass
ifi
edi
ntobank
-towe
rin
take,sha
fti
nta
keandbanks
lopei
ntakea
ccor
dingt
othe
irs
truc
tur
al
f
eat
uresandga
tepos
iton.Thebank
i -towe
rin
takeshou
ldapp
lyt
othegeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onsa
re
no
tconduc
ivet
othebe
ll
-mou
thi
nthebankr s.
ockmas Thesha
fti
ntakeshou
ldapp
lyt
othebank
s
lopewi
thani
nteg
ralands
tab
ler
ockmas,andt
s hati
sconven
ien
tforext
erna
ltr
aff
ic.Theap
-
l
pica
tioncond
iti
ono
fthebanks
lopei
ntakei
sthes
ameast
hatofsha
fti
ntake.

116
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

Key
1 bu
lkheadga
tes
lot
2 se
rvi
cega
tes
lot
a) Openi
ntake

Key
1 ho
ist 4 bu
lkheadga
tes
lot
2 t
rashr
ackf
rame 5 eme
rgencyga
tes
lot
3 t
rashr
ack
b) Dami
ntake

Key
1 t
rashr
ack 3 bu
lkheadga
tes
lot
2 ho
ist 4 emer
gencyga
tes
lot
c) R
ive
rbedi
ntake

F
igu
re6 Wate
rintaketypes

117
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

Key
1 bu
lkheadga
tes
lot 4 ho
istr
oom
2 t
rashr
ack 5 eme
rgencyga
tes
lot
3 ho
ist
d) Bank
-towe
rintake

Key
1 tra
shr
ack
2 ho
istr
oom
3 eme
rgencyga
tes
lot
e) Sha
fti
ntake

Key
1 hoi
str
oom 3 t
rashr
ack
2 c
lean
ingp
lat
form 4 emergencyga
tes
lot
f) Banks
lopei
ntake

F
i e6 (
gur con
tinued)

118
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

1.
8.2 Thecompos
iti
onoft
hewa
teri
nta
kesha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thewa te
ri n
takeshou
ldinc
ludethetra
shho
ldi
ngsect
ion,entr
ancesect
ion,gat
esect
ion,t
ran-
si
tionsect
ionandtheupperstruc
tue;meanwh
r ie,t
l hewa te
rfill
ingho
leandtheven
tholesha
ll
bear
ranged.Forthehydropowerst
ati
onont heheavi
lysedimen
triver,ther
iver wi
thheavy
tr
ash and i
n sever
e co
ldr egons,t
i he sed
iment cont
rol,pol
lut
ion pr
even
tion or an
ti-
ice
s
truc
tur
essha
llbebu
iltr
espec
tive
ly.

b) Thet
rashr
ack,ga
te,ho
ist,t
rashc
lean
ingandobse
rva
tionf
aci
li
tiessha
llbese
tupa
tthewa
ter
i
ntake.

1.
8.3 Thel
ayou
tpr
inc
ipl
esoft
hewa
teri
nta
kesha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons.
i

a) Atvari
ousope
rat
ing wate
rleves,t
l hewaterint
akeshal
lensu
retha
tthewaterf
lowi
ssmoo h,
t
st
abe,un
l if
ormandmi n
imizetheheadl
oss,andtherequ
iredf
lowshou
ldbel
edinori
nte
rrup
ted
a
ccor
dingt
otheope
rat
i lneeds.
ona

b) Ai
r-en
tra
ini
ngf
unne
lvor
ticessha
llbeavo
ided.Ot
he se,coun
rwi ter
act
ing measu
ressha
llbe
aken.
t

c) Theequi
pmentf orthewate
rintakesha
llbecompl
ete,thegatesandhois
tsshal
lbeaccess
ibe,
l
easyt
oma i
ntenanceandr
eli
abl
et ooperat ,
e andt
hewa t
e rf
il
li ,
ng venti
lat
ionandmobi
li
tyfaci
li
-
t
iessha
llbeunobs
truc
ted.

d) Thee
ffec
tivesed
imen
tcon
tro
lmeasu
ressha
llbet
akenf
ort
hewa
teri
nta
keont
heheav
ilysed
i-
men
tri
vert
osed
imen
tfr
oms
il
tingupt
hei
ntakeandp
reven
tthebedl
oadf
romen
ter
ingt
hed
i-
ve
rsi
onsys
tem.

e) Ef
fec
tivet
rashl
ead
ing,d
ischa
rgeandc
lean
ing measu
ressha
llbet
akenf
ort
he wa
teri
ntakeon
theri
verwit
hheavyt
ra sht
op reven
tt hetra
shconcen
trat
ingonthel
eadingedgeofthe wa
ter
i
n ake,b
t lock
ingt
hetrashrackandinf
luenc
ingtheoper
ati
ono ft
hehydropowerst
aton.
i

f) Neces
sar
yan
ti-
icemea
sur
essha
llbet
akenf
ort
hewa
teri
ntakei
ntheseve
reco
ldr
egon.
i

1.
8.4 Thewa
teri
ntakesha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
tsf
orsed t,t
imen rashandi
cep
reven
-
t
ion.

a) Sed
imen
tcon
tro
lsha
llbet
akeni
ntoaccoun
tint
hese
lec
tiono
fpr
ojec
tloca
tion,gene
rall t,
ayou
l
ayou
toff
loodd
ischa
rges
truc
tur
esandse
lec
tionofr
ese
rvo
irope
rat
ionmodeheav
ilysed
imen
t
ri
ver.Thesed
imentcontr
oldesignofthe wa
terint
akeshallcomprehens
ive
lyadopt measu
r es
suchassed
imentgui
di ,
ng re
tai
ni ,
ng di
scha
rgi ,
ng settl
ingandfl
ush
i ,
ng andmeett hefol
lowing.

1) Sed
imen
tgu
idng:t
i hep
roec
j tsha
llbel
aidou
ttosepa
rat
esed
imen
tfr
omt
hewa
ter,d
ive
rt
119
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

wa
terandd
ischa
rgesed
imen
ttogu
idet
hesed
imen
tawayf
romt
hewa
teri
ntake.

2) Sed
imen
tre
tai
ning:t
hesed
imen
tre
tai
nings
il
lsha
llbea
rrangedt
ore
tai
nthebedsed
imen
t
ont
hel
ead
ingedgeoft
hewa
teri
ntake.

3) Sed
imen
tdi
scha
rgng:t
i her
ese
rvo
irr
egu
lat
ionope
rat
ions
chemesha
llbeop
timi
zedt
odi
s-
cha
rget
hesed
imen
tinf
ron
toft
hewa
teri
ntaket
othedowns
tream.

4) Sed
imen
tse
ttl
ing:t
hedes
il
tingba
sinsha
llbea
rrangedt
ose
ttl
ethebedsed
imen
tint
heba
-
s
in.

5) Sed
imen
tfl
ush
ing:t
her
ese
rvo
irr
egu
lat
ionope
rat
ingschemesha
llbeop
timi
zedt
ofl
usht
he
sed
imen
tint
hedes
ilt
ingbas
int
othedowns
tream.

b) Thewa
teri
nta
keont
her
ive
rwi
thheavyt
rashshou
ldno
tbed
irec
tlyoppos
itet
hema
ins
tream
car
ryi
ngthetr
a sh.
Thetr
ashp r
event
iondesi
gnforwaterint
akeshal
lbeperf
ormedwithfu
llcon-
si
derat
iontothetr
ashguid
ing,di
schar
gingandre
tai
ning measu
res.Thet
rashre
tai
ningf
acil
it
ies
sha
llmee
tther
equ
iremen
tsoft
rashc
lean
ingandwa
terd
ive
rson.
i

1) Tr
ashgu
idng:t
i hegu
idewa
llsha
llbea
rrangedt
ogu
idet
het
rashawayf
romt
hewa
teri
n-
t
ake.

2) Tr
ash d
ischa
rgng:t
i he r
ese
rvo
irr
egu
lat
ion ope
rat
ing s
cheme sha
ll be op
timi
zed t
o
d
ischa
rget
het
rashi
nfr
ontoft
hewa
teri
ntaket
othedowns
tream.

3) Trashr
etai
ning:thetr
ashrackandtr
ashcl
eani
ngpla
tformsha
llbearrangedonthel
ead
ing
edgeofthewa t
erint
a ,
ke andthetr
ashshal
lbecl
eanedwit
hthetrashr r.
emove

4) Theopeni
nga r
eaofthetr
a shr
ackshal
lbegui
dedbyt
hef
lowve
loc
ityt
hrought
her
ack.
The
f
lowvelocit
y maybe0.8 m/sto1.2 m/s.

c) Thewa
teri
ntakei
nfr
ostzonessha
llavo
idt
hed
irec
timpac
toff
loa
ti ce,op
ngi timi
zet
her
ese
r-
vo
irr
egu
lat
ionandl
imi
tthep
roduc
tionoff
loa
ti ce.Thean
ngi ti-
icedes
ignf
ort
he wa
teri
ntake
sha
lladop
tmea
sur
essuchasi
cegu
idi
ngandd
ischa
rgng.
i

1.
8.5 Thenon
-pr
essu
red
ive
rsi
onsys
tem shou
ldemp
loyanopeni
ntake.Des
igno
fanopeni
ntake
sha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thei n
takeshou
ldbese l
ect
edonthes
teadyri
verr each,andshou
ldbela
idoutnearthe ma
in
channe ;
l bu
titsha
llnotbelai
dou
tontheri
verreachwi t
hawi der
ive
rbedandsca
tter
edma i
n-
s
tream.Thei
nta
kesha
llno
tbea
rrangednea
rthej
unc
tionsoft
ribu
tar
iesorr
avi
nesca
rri
ynga
l
argeamountofbedload.
Theint
akeshal
lnotbearr
angedinther
eci
rcula
tionzonepr
onetot
rash
accumu
lat
ion,andshal
lbepro
tectedf
romt hedi
rectimpa
c toff
loa
tingiceordri
ftwood.
120
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

b) I
fthei
ntakei
susedma
inl
yforsed
imen
tcon
trl,i
o tspos
iti
onshou
ldbese
lec
tedont
heconcave
bankoft
hecu
rvedr
each,andt
hemos
tfavou
rab
lepos
iti
oni
snea
rthedowns
treama
reaoft
he
cu
rveve
rtex;i
fthei
nta
kei
sused ma
inl
ytop
reven
ttr
asho ce,i
ri tshou
ldbese
lec
tedont
he
s
tra
igh
tr ch.
ea

c) Thewi
ng wa
llsonbot
hbank
soft
heups
treamapp
roachchanne
loft
hei
ntakesha
llbesmoot
hly
l
aidou
ttoensu
ret
hesmoo
thands
teadyd
ive
rsi
onf
low.

d) Thes
izeoft
hei
ntakeor
ifi
cesha
llbese
lec
tedacco
rdi
ngt
otheope
rat
ionheadanddes
ignf
low,
andwi
thcons
ide
rat
iong
ivent
othef
low ve
loc
itya
ttheopen
ing,d
imens
ionse
riesofga
teand
ho
istcapa
ciy.
t

e) Thei
ntakesha
llbeab
let
oin
troducesu
ffi
cien
tfl
owf
orpowe
rgene
rat
iona
tthe mi
nimum up
-
s
treamope
rat
ing wa
terl l.
eve

f) Thef
loo
rel
eva
tionoft
hei
nta
kesha
llbede
termi
nedi
ncomb
ina
tion wi
tht
hesed
imen
tcon
tro
l
andd
ischa
rgi
ngf
aci
li
tiest
opr
even
tthebedl
oadf
romen
ter
ingt
hehead
race.

g) Thehyd
rau
licca
lcu
lat
iono
fthei
ntakesha
lli
ncl
udet
heca
lcu
lat
ionoft
hed
ive
rsi
ond
ischa
rge.

8.
1.
6 Thep
res
sur
edi
ver
sionsys
temshou
ldemp
loyabanki
ntake.
Des
igno
fabanki
nta
kesha
llmee
t
t
hef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thei
ntakesha
llbese
lec
tedi
ncomb
ina
tionwi
tht
hegeo
log
ica
landt
opog
raph
ica
lcond
itons.
i The
t
owe
rin
takeshou
ldnotbea
rrangedi
ntheh
ighea
rthquakei
ntens
itya
rea.

b) Thef
avou
rab
let
err
ainsha
llbef
ull
yut
il
izedt
oreducet
heea
rth
-rockexcava
tionandt
oavo
id
h
ighs
lopeexcava
tioni
fpos
sib
le.Thesec
tion wi
thgoodgeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onssha
llbese
lec
ted
t
oensu
ret
hatt
hef
ounda
tioni
sre
liab
leandt
heh
il
lsi
dei
sst
abe.
l

c) Thei
nta
kesha
llensu
resu
ffi
cien
tsubme
rgeddep
thbe
low t
he mi
nimum ups
tream ope
rat
ing
wa
terl l.
eve

d) Thef
loo
rel
eva
tiono
fthei
nta
kesha
llmee
tthesed
imen
tcon
tro
lrequ
iremen
ts,wh
ichsha
llbe
h
ighe
rthant
heba
lancede
leva
tionoft
hes
cou
ringands
il
tingoft
her
ese
rvo
iront
hel
ead
ingedge
oft
heopen
ingo
rloca
tedwi
thi
nther
angeoft
hesed
imen
tdi
scha
rgef
unne
landabovet
hee
leva
-
t
iono
fthesed
imen
tse
ttl
ing.

e) Theove
rfl
ow bounda
ryo
ftheen
trancesec
tiona
tthei
ntakesec
tionshou
ldemp
loyt
hecu
rve
c
loset
othes
treaml
ineorc
ircu
larcu
rve.
121
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

f) Theopen
inga
reaoft
hei
ntakeshou
ldnotbel
esst
hant
hea
reao
fhead
racebeh
i t.
ndi

g) Theser
v i
cegate,emergencygat
eandbulkheadgat
eshoul
dbea rrangedinthegatesectionof
thei
ntake.Thetypeoftheafo
resai
dga
tesshouldbede
terminedbyt hetypeofi
nta ,
ke t hetype
andl
eng
tho
fthehead
race,whe
the
rthega
teva
lvei
sins
tal
ledont
hehead
race,andt
hep
rot
ec-
t
ionr
equ
iremen
tsf
ort
hes
truc
tur
esdowns
treamo
fthei
ntke.
a Thef
il
li
ngva
lvesha
llbea
rranged
t
ofac
il
ita
teope
rat
ion,i
nspec
tionandma
inenance.
t

h) Theven
tho
lesha
llbea
rrangedbeh
indt
hei
nta
kega
te.Theuppe
ropen
ingoft
heven
tho
lesha
ll
besepa
rat
edf
romt
heope
rat
ingr
oomf
ort
hega
te,l
ead
ingt
otheou
t r,awayf
doo romt
hes
ite
ofpe
rsonne
lac
tiv
ites,andh
i ighe
rthant
hemax
imumups
treamr
ese
rvo
irwa
terl l.Whent
eve he
uppe
ropen
ingl
eadst
othedowns
treama
reaoft
hewa
terr
eta
ini
ngs
truc
tue,wa
r tersp
ray
ingi
n
aneme
rgencysha
llno
timpe
rilt
hesa
fet
yoft
hep
l t.Whent
an he wa
ters
topi
sins
tal
ledi
nthe
f
ron
toft
hega
te,t
hega
tesha
ftmaybeusedast
heven
tho
lebu
tit
sou
tle
tsha
llbewe
llven
til
a-
ed.
t

i) Gr
adua
tedsh
rink
aget
ypeshou
ldbeadop
tedf
ort
heconnec
tionbe
tweent
hei
ntakeandp
ressu
re
head
race.Thel
eng
thoft
het
rans
iti
onsec
tionshou
ldnotbel
esst
han1.
0to2.
0timest
hehead
-
r
acewi
dth(
ort
unne
ldi
ame
ter).

j) Thehyd
rau
licca
lcu
lat
ionf
ort
hei
ntakesha
lli
ncl
udet
heheadl
ossoft
hei
ntake,t
heven
tho
lea
r-
eaandt
hewa
ter
-fi
ll
ingt
imef
ort
hep
ipe
line.Theheadl
osssha
lli
ncl
udet
hepa
rti
all
osso
fthe
t
rashr
ack,i
nlt,ga
e tes
lotandt
rans
iti
onsec
tionaswe
llast
hef
ric
tionl
oss.

1.
8.7 Thewa
teri
nta
kes
truc
tur
eca
lcu
lat
ionsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) The wa
teri
ntakes
truc
tur
esha
llbeca
lcu
lat
edandve
rif
iedr
espec
tive
lyacco
rdi
ngt
othel
imi
t
s
tat
eofbea
ringcapac
ityandse
rvi
ceab
il
ityl
imi
tst
ate.

1) L
imi
tst
ateofbea
ringcapac
ity:i
ncl
udi
ngt
heca
lcu
lat
ionoft
heove
ral
lan
ti-
sli
ding,an
ti-
f
loa
tingandan
ti-ove
rtu
rni
ngs
tab
il
ityoft
hes
truc
tues,t
r heca
lcu
lat
ionoft
hecomp
ress
ion
bea
ringcapac
ityoft
hef
ounda
tionr
ockont
hef
ounda
tionp
laneandt
heca
lcu
lat
iono
fthe
se
ismi
cres
ist
antcapa
ciy.
t

2) Se
rvi
ceab
il
ityl
imi
tst
ate:ve
rif
ica
tionoft
heups
tream anddowns
treamt
ens
iles
tres
son
t
hef
ounda
tionp
laneoft
he wa
teri
ntake wi
tht
he ma
ter
ialmechan
icsme
thod.Thet
ens
ile
s
tresssha
llno
toccu
rint
heve
rti
calno
rma
lst
ressont
hef
ounda
tionoft
hewa
teri
ntakeun
-
de
rtheups
treamsu
rfaces
tanda
rdcomb
ina
tionandt
het
ens
iles
tressa
llowedont
hedown
-
s
treamsu
rfaceshou
ldnotbemo
r han100kPa.
et

b) Thewa
teri
nta
kes
truc
tur
esha
llhavesu
ffi
cien
tst
abi
li
ty,s
treng
th,r
igi
dit
yanddu
rab
il
ity.
122
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

c) Thes
tressa
tthedam-
typei
ntakesha
llbeca
lcu
lat
edi
nsec
tionsaccor
dingt
otheope
rat
ingcon
-
d
itons,dambodyl
i oadands
tressd
ist
ribu
tion.

d) Thet
owe
rbaseandt
owe
rbodys
truc
tur
eoft
hebank
-towe
rin
take maybeca
lcu
lat
edr
espec
-
t
ive
lya
ccor
dingt
othei
nve
rtedf
rameandt
hef
rameont
hee
las
ticf
ounda
tion.

e) Thega
teor
ifi
ceo
ftheopeni
nta
kemaybedes
igneda
ccor
dingt
othei
nve
rtedf
rameont
hee
las
-
t
icf
ounda
tionort
hee
las
ticf
ounda
tionp
lae.
t

f) Theove
ral
lfl
oat
ingr
esi
stances
tab
il
ityoft
het
owe
rin
takesha
llbeca
lcu
laed.Thet
t owe
rbody
maybeca
lcu
lat
edi
nacco
rdancewi
tht
hecy
linde
rorf
rame;t
het
owe
rbasemaybedes
ignedi
n
acco
rdancewi
tht
hee
las
ticf
ounda
tionp
lat
eort
hei
nve
rtedf
rameont
hee
las
ticf
ounda
tion.

g) Unde
rva
riousl
oadcomb
ina
tions,t
hemax
imumve
rti
calno
rma
lst
ressont
hef
ounda
tionsu
rface
oft
hebankort
het
owe
rin
takesha
llnotbel
esst
hant
hea
llowab
lecomp
ress
ions
tresso
fthe
f
ounda
tion;t
hemi
nimumve
rti
calno
rma
lst
resssha
llbemor
ethan0.
Thes
tres
sindeepf
ounda
-
t
ionsha
llber
echeckedwhenneces
say.
r

1.
8.8 Wa
teri
nta
kef
ounda
tiont
rea
tmen
tsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thewa
teri
nta
keont
her
ockf
ounda
tionsha
llbep
lacedont
heava
ilab
lebed
rock;t
hef
ounda
tion
wi
thpa
rti
alf
rac
tur
edeve
loped,wea
kin
ter
cal
atedl
aye
randuns
tab
ler
ocksha
llbeexcava
tedor
s
treng
thenedt
osa
tis
fyt
her
equ
iremen
tso
fbea
ringcapac
ity,an
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tyandse
ttl
emen
t
de
forma
tion.

b) Thes
lopeo
fthebanki
ntakesha
llbec
leaned,r
enova
tedandequ
ipped wi
thsu
rfaced
rai
nage
mea
sues.Thepa
r rti
aluns
tab
ler
ockma
sssha
llbeexcava
tedorr
ein
foced.
r

c) Cor
respond
ing measu
ressha
llbet
akenf
orf
ounda
tiont
rea
tmen
toft
he wa
teri
nta
kesonsof
t
f
ounda
tions.

8.
2 Di
ver
siontunne
landsu
rgechambe
r

2.
8.1 Thet
unne
landsu
rgechambe
rsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) Ther
out
ese
lec
tiono
fthet
unne
lsha
llmee
tthegene
rall
ayou
trequ
iremen
tsoft
hep
roec
j t.

b) Thet
unne
lrou
tesha
llbese
lec
tedt
hrought
echn
ica
landeconomi
ccompa
risono
fthes
chemesi
n
a
ccor
dancewi
tht
hepu
rposeoft
het l,andi
unne ncomp
rehens
ivecons
ide
rat
ion wi
thva
rious
f
act
orsi
ncl
udi
ngt
opog
raphy,geo
logy,hyd
rau
lics,cons
truc
tion,ope
rat
ion,s
truc
tur
esa
long
t
her
oue,gene
t rall
ayou
toft
hep
roec
j tandi
nfl
uenceont
heamb
ien
tenv
ir t.
onmen
123
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

c) Unde
rthep
remi
seo
fsa
tis
fyi
ngt
her
equ
iremen
tso
fthep
roec
j tgene
rall t,t
ayou het
unne
lrou
te
shou
ldbese
lec
tedi
nther
egi
onwi
ths
imp
legeo
log
ics
truc
tur
eal
ongt
her
oue,i.
t e.i
nteg
raland
s
tab
ler
ockmass,ha
r ock,t
dr hickove
rli
y ock,goodhyd
ngr rogeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onsandconven
-
i
entcons
truc
tionaccess.

d) Thei
nte
rsec
tionang
lebe
tweent
het
unne
lrou
teandt
her
ocks
tra
tum,t
hef
rac
tur
esu
rfa
ceas
we
llast
hema
inwea
kzonesha
llbel
arge,
ifpos
sib
le.
Int
her
ockmassofani
nteg
ralb
locks
truc
-
t
ure,t
hei
nte
rsec
tionang
leshou
ldnotbel
esst °.
han30 I
nthes
tra
tif
iedr
ockmas,pa
s rti
cul
arl
y
t
het
hinr
ockwi
thh
ighd
ipang
leandl
oosei
nte
rlaye
rbond
ing,t
hei
nte
rsec
tionang
leshou
ldnot
bel
esst °.
han45

e) Cons
ide
ringt
hes
tab
il
ityofsu
rround
i ocks,t
ngr het
unne
lrou
teshou
ldbecons
ist
entwi
tht
hed
i-
r
ect
iono
fmax
imumho
rizon
talg
rounds
tressort
hei
nte
rsec
tionang
leshou
ldbe mi
nimi
zedf
or
t
het
unne
lint
hea
reawi
thh
ighg
rounds
tress.

f) Themi
nimumcove
ringt
hicknes
soft
her
ockmas
sabovet
het
unne
ltopandont
hebanks
ideof
t
hemoun
tai
ntunne
lsha
llbede
termi
nedt
hroughcomp
rehens
iveana
lys
isi
naccor
dancewi
tht
he
t
opog
raph
icandgeo
log
ica
lcond
itons,sec
i tiona
lform ands
izeoft
het l,t
unne unne
ll
ingcond
i-
t
ions,i
nte
rna
lwa
terp
res
sue,l
r ini
ngpa
tte
rn,pe
rmeab
il
itycha
rac
ter
ist
icsoft
hesu
rround
ing
r
ockandt
hes
truc
tur
alca
lcu
lat
ionr
esu
lts.
Themi
nimumt
hicknes
soft
her
ockma
ssoft
hep
res
-
su
ret
unne
lmaybeca
lcu
lat
edaccor
dingt
otheFormu
la(
26).
Itsha
lla
lsoensu
ret
hatt
hesu
r-
r
ound
ingr
ockdoesno
tpr
oduceseepagei
nst
abi
li
tyandhyd
rau
licf
rac
tur
ing.

Fγw hs
CRM = …………………………(26 )
γRcosα

whe
re

CRM i
sthemi
nimumcove
ringt
hicknes
soft
her
ocks
tra
tum;

hs i
sthehyd
ros
tat
icheadi
nthet l;
unne

γw i
stheun
itwe
igh
toft
hewa
ter;

γR i
stheun
itwe
igh
toft ock;
her

α i
sthei
ncl
ina
tionoft
her
ive
rshor
esope,i
l n(°), °,
whenα>60 t
a °;
keα=60

F i
stheemp
iri
calcoe
ffi
ci t,t
en ake1.
3t 5.
o1.

124
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

Key
1 h
ighp
res
sur
epens
tock

F
igu
re7 Th
icknessca
lcu
lat
ionsfo
rtheove
rlay
ingr
ockoftheunder
groundpenstock

g) Thethicknessoftherockmassbe
tweentwoada
jcen
tt unnel
sshou
ldnotbelessthantwi
cethe
tunne
ld i
ame te
ro(rthetunne
lwidt )
h.Ift
her
ockma ssisfavou
rab
l ,
et het
hicknessmaybeap-
r
pop
ria
tel
yreducedbu
tsha
llnotbel
esst
hant
het
unne
ldi
ame
ter(
ort
het
unne
lwi
dth).

h) Whenthetunne
lr ou
tepassest h
roughthedamfounda
tion,t
hedamabutmen
to rt
hef oundat
ion
ofot
herst
ructur ,
es thet
hicknessoftherockmas
sbetweenthes
truc
tur
eandthetunnelsha
llbe
su
ffi
cien
ttosa
tis
fyt
hes
truc
tur
alandan
ti-
seepager
equ
iremen
ts.

i) Whenthetunnelrou
teencounter
sgul
les,t
i hegul
lybypassi
ngors
trid
ingschemessha l
lbecom-
pa
redi
nt he
irtechni
calandeconomi
ca spec
t si
naccordancewi
ththetopograph
ica ,
l geo l
ogi
cal,
hydro
log
ica
land construc
tion condi
tions.When the gu
llystri
ding schemei s adopted,t
he
str
idi
ngposi
tionsha
llbereasonabl
yse l
ect ,
ed andt
heenginee
ring measuressha
llbetakentore-
i
nfo
rcet
hef
ounda
tionoft
hes
truc
tur
est
rid
ingt
hegu
lly,t
heconnec
tionpos
iti
onoft
unne
land
t
het
unne
lfaces
lope.

j) Thetunne
lroutesha
llbestr
aigh
tont hep
laneifpos
sib
le.Wheniti
scurved,thebend
ingradi
us
ofthenon-r
pes
suretunne
lshouldno
tbelessthan5timest
hetunne
ldi
ame tr(
e ort
unnelwid
th)
andt
heco
rne
rshou
ldno
tbeg
rea
tert °;t
han60 her
equ
iremen
ts maybeapp
rop
ria
tel
yreduced
f
orthepr
essu
retunnel.
Thestr
aightsect
ionshal
lbearrangeda tt
hebeg
inn
ingandattheendof
hebend,whosel
t eng
thshou
ldno tbelessthan5timest hetunne
ldi
ametr(
e ort
unne
lwidth).

k) Whentheve
r t
ica
lcurvei
sarr
angedfort
hebar
rel,therad
iusoft
hever
tica
lcurveshou
ldusua
lly
notbel
essthan5timesthet
unneld
iametr(
e ortunnelwidh)bu
t tt
herequir
ementsmaybeap -
r
pop
ria
tel
yreducedf
ort
hep
res
sur
et l.Whent
unne heve
rti
calcu
rvei
stobel
ai t,
dou i
tsha
llf
a-
c
il
ita
tecons
truc
tion.

l) Thelongi
tud
ina
lg r
ad i
entoftheba
rre
lsecti
onshal
lbesel
ectedt
hroughtechn
icalandeconomi
c
compari
soninaccordancewi
ththeoper
ati
onalr
equir
emens,connec
t tionbetweentheupstr
eam
anddownst
reama r
ea s,bott
ome leva
tionofthestr
uctur
ealongther
outeaswe
lla
sconst
ruct
ion
andover
haulcond
itions.Thelong
itud
inalgr
adien
talongtherout
eshoul
dnotva
rytoomuch,and
t
heze
ros
lopeshou
ldno
tbea
rrangedandanadve
rses
lopeshou
ldbeavo
ided.
125
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

m) The
resha
llbenoa
lte
rna
tingp
ressu
reandnon
-pr
essu
ref
lowi
nthep
res
sur
et l.The mi
unne ni-
mum p
res
sur
eheada
tthet
opoft
hewho
let
unne
lsha
llno
tbel
esst
han2munde
rthemos
tun
-
f
avou
rab
leope
rat
ingcond
itons.
i

n) Whent
het
unne
lrou
tese
lec
tedi
sre
lat
ive
l ong,cons
yl truc
tionad
itssha
llbecons
ide
red.The
numbe
randl eng
tho ft
hecons t
ruc
tionadi
tsshallbedeterminedthr
oughanal
ysisi
naccor
dance
wit
ht he t
opograph
ic and geo
log
icalcondi
tions a
long the rou
te,cons
tructi
on me
thod and
ext
erna
ltr
aff
ics
itua
tion,andf
ort
hebene
fitofba
lanc
ingt
hewo
rkamoun
tford
iff
eren
ttunne
l
sec
tionsandt
hecons
truc
tionpe
riod.

o) These
tti
ngf
ort
hesu
rgechambe
rint
hep
ressu
red
ive
rsi
ont
unne
lsha
llbede
termi
nedi
nli
ghtof
atechn
ica
leconomica
lcompar
isonconsideredthef
actorssuchastheca
lcula
tionoftheuni
treg-
ul
ati
onguaran
teeandana
lys
isof t
h eopera
tingcond
iti
o ns,t
akingin
toaccountthero
leofthehy-
d
ropowe
rst
ati
oni
nthepowe
rsys
tem,as we
llast
het
opog
raphy,geo
logyandt
unne
ll t.
ayou
Thesu
rgechambe
rshou
ld bec
loset
othe powe
rhouse.Un
favou
rab
le geo
log
ica
lcond
iti
ons
shou
ldbeavo
idedf
ort
hesu
rgechambe
rinor
dert
oal
lev
iat
etheadve
rseseepagee
ffec
tsoni
ts
su
rround
ingr
ocksands
lopes
tab
il
ity.

p) Thet
ypese
lec
tionoft
hesu
rgechambe
rsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

1) Su
rgewavesf
romt
hepens
tockcanbee
ffec
tive
lyr
efl
eced.
t

2) Su
rgewi
llbes
tab
lei
nca
seofsma
llt
urb
ine
-gene
rat
o oadchanges.
rl

3) I
nca
seo
fla
rget
urb
ine
-gene
rat oadchanges,t
orl hewa
tersu
rfa
cei
nthesu
rgechambe
rwi
ll
havel
owamp
lit
udeandf
astwavea
ttenua
tion.

2.
8.2 Thet
unne
landsu
rgechambe
rst
ruc
tur
essha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thesec
tionalshapeanddimensi
onofthet
unne lsha
llbedete
rminedthr
oughtechni
calandeco-
nomi
cana l
ysisa cco
rdi
ngtot hetunne
lpurpose,hydrau
liccond
itons,eng
i i
neeri
nggeo l
ogi
cal
cond
itons,g
i rounds
tress,l
ini
ngope
rat
ingcond
iti
onsandcons
truc
tionme
thod.

b) Thepressu
ret unne
lisusual
lyusedforpowergene
rationdivers
iont l.Whent
unne heupstream
wate
rlevelchangesli
ttl
eandthedi
vers
ionf
lowisrela
tivel
ys t
able,t
henon -p
ressu
ret unne
lmay
a
lsobeused.

c) Thepressu
retunnelshou
lduset hecir
cul
arsecton.
i I
fthetunneld
iamet
erandtheinne
r /ex
ter
nal
wate
rp r
essur
ea reno tgrea ,
t ot he
rsectiona
lshapesconveni
entforcons
truc
tionalsocanbe
used.

d) Thenon-
pres
suretunnelshou
ldemploythes
tra
igh
twal
lsec
tionwi
thacir
cularach;t
r hecen
tral
ang
leofthecir
cul
ararchshouldbe90°t
o180°;whent
hethrus
tatthesp
ringerneedstobei n
-
126
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

creased,thecen
tra
langl
el essthan90
°a l
so maybeacceptabe.Thehe
l igh
t-wid
thrat
ioo fthe
sectionshal
lbesel
ect
eda ccord
ingtot hehydr
aul
iccondi
tionsand geo
log
ica
lcond
itions,but
shoul
dbe1t 5.Whent
o1. he waterleve
lvari
esgrea
tlyi
nt het
unnel,t
helargera
tioshouldbe
used.Whent
hegeo
log
ica
lcond i
tionsarere
lat
ive
lypoor,theci
rcu
larorhor
seshoe-shapedsec
-
t
ionmaybese
lec
ted.

e) Theheight-widthr
atioofthesecti
onshal
lbeadapt
ivetothegroundst
resscond
itons;i
i ft he
hor
izon
t a
lg roundstr
essisgreat
ert hant
hevert
ica
lgroundst
r ,
ess thesect
ion wi
thalesser
he
ightbu
tg rea
te rwid
thcanbeused;ift
heve r
tica
lgr
ounds
tressi
sgr
eatert
hant
heho
rizon
tal
gr
oundstres
st, hesect
ionwi
thgreat
erheigh
tbu tsma
lle
rwidhcanbeused.
t

f) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
other
ela
tive
lyl
ongt l,mu
unne lti
plesec
tionshapeso
rli
ningpa
tte
rnscanbeused,
bu
tthe
reshou
ldno
tbet
oo manyva
rie
tiesofsec
tionshapesorl
ini
ngpa
tte
rns.Thet
rans
iti
on
secti
onshal
lbearrangedbetweendif
fer
entsec
tionso
rli
ningpat
tens.
r Theboundar
yofthetran
-
si
tionsect
ionsha
llemp loytheeasycuve,andbeconven
r ien
tforconst
ruc
tion.Theconeangl
e
ofthet
rans
iti
onsecti
oninthepressu
ret unne
lshouldbe6°to10°,i
tslengt
hshouldnotbeless
than1.
5to2.0timesthet
unneld
iame tr(
e ortunne
lwidth)andt
heinte
rvalbetweentwotrans
i-
t
ionsec
tionsshou
ldnotbet
oosma
ll.

g) Thec
ros
s-sec
tiona
ldimens
ionoft
hehyd
ropowe
rtunne
lsha
llbede
termi
nedt
hroughana
lys
isi
n
l
inewi
tht
hep
rinc
ipl
eofmi
nimi
zingt
hesumoft
heeng
inee
ringcos
tsf
ort
unne
landt
hecos
tof
ene
rgyl
oss.

h) Themi n
imumdimensiono
ft hecros
s-sec
tionshoul
dbedete
rmineda
ccor
dingtothecons
truc
tion
requ
iremen
t :
st heinnerdi
ame t
ero fthec i
rcul
arsec
tionshou
ldnotbelessthan1.8m t, he
he
igh
toft
henon
-ci
rcu
larsec
tionshou
ldnotbel
esst
han1.
8 mandt
hewi
dthshou
ldno
tbel
ess
t
han1.
5 m.Thet
unne
lwi
dthsha
llbeg
rea
tert
han2.
2 mi
nthecase whe
rei
tsl
eng
thi
slonge
r
t
han1.
5km.

i) I
nthenon
-pr
essu
ret
unne
lwi
thl
owf
low ve
loc
ity,t
hespaceabovet
he wa
tersu
rfacep
rof
ile
shou
ldno
tbel
esst
han15% o
fthesec
tiona
lar
eaoft
het
unne
landi
tshe
igh
tsha
llnotbel
ess
t
han0.4 munde
rconstantf
lowcondi
tionsi
fthevent
il
ationcondi
tionsaegood.
r Unde
rnon-con-
st
antf
lowcondit
ions,theafor
esa
idvaluescanbeappropri
ate
lyreduced whent
hesurge wave
ha
sbeencons
ide
redi
ntheca
lcu
lat
ion,andt
hea
for
esa
idva
luecanbeapp
rop
ria
tel
yinc
reasedf
or
t
her
ela
tive
lyl
ongt
unne
landt
het
unne
lwi
thou
tli
ningorshot
cre
tebo
ltl
inng.
i

j) Asurgechambershou
ldbeundergr
oundandshou
ldbel
inedbyanchor
ageandsho
tcr
ete,con
-
c
ret
eandr ei
nfor
cedconc
ret ,
e e c.
t

2.
8.3 Hyd
rau
licca
lcu
lat
ionsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thehyd
rau
licca
lcu
lat
iono
fthenon
-pr
essu
ret
unne
linc
ludest
hed
ischa
rgecapac
ity,connec
tion
oft
heups
treamanddowns
treamf
lowsandt
hewa
tersu
rfacep
rof
ile.
127
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

b) Thehyd
rau
licca
lcu
lat
ionoft
hep
ressu
ret
unne
linc
ludest
hed
ischa
rgecapac
ity,headl
ossand
hyd
rau
licg
radel
ine.

c) Theheadl
osso
fthehyd
rau
lict
unne
linc
ludest
hef
ric
tionl
ossandpa
rti
all
osswh
ichsha
llbeca
l-
cu
lat
edr
espec
tive
ly.

1) Ther
oughnesscoef
fic
ientvauense
l lec
tedinthecalcul
ationofthefr
ict
ionlosssha
llbede-
te
rmi
nedthroughcomp r
ehens
iveana
lys
isinaccordance withtheconst
ruct
iontechnoogy,
l
poss
ibl
echangesa
fte
rope
rat
ionandt
heeconomi
cbene
fis.
t

2) Thecoe
ffi
cientusedi
nthecalcu
lat
ionofparti
all
os s maybede
termi
nedthroughana
lys
is
wit
href
erencetothehyd
rau
licdat ,
a ordec
idedthroughtes
twhenneces
say.
r

d) Thed
ischa
rgecapac
ityo
fthet
unne
lsha
llbeca
lcu
lat
edr
espec
tive
lyf
ort
hep
res
sur
etunne
land
t
henon
-pr
essu
ret
unne
laccor
dingt
othewa
terf
lowcond
itons.
i

1) Pr
essu
ret l:ca
unne lcu
lat
edi
naccor
dancewi
tht
hep
ipef
low.

2) Non
-pr
essu
ret l:ca
unne lcu
lat
edi
nacco
rdancewi
tht
hewe
irf
lowf
ort
heopeni
nlt;ca
e lcu
-
l
atedi
naccor
dancewi
tht
hep
ipef
lowf
ort
hedeepi
nlt.
e

e) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
otheca
lcu
lat
iono
fthewa
tersu
rfacep
rof
ilef
ort
henon
-pr
essu
ret l,t
unne hec
las
-
si
fica
tiono ft
hewa t
ersu
rfa
cepr
ofi
leshou
ldbedete
rmi
nedfi
rst.Af
tert
hecont
rolsect
ioni
sse-
l
ect ,
ed t heca
lcu
lat
ionmaybeca
rri
edbyse l
ectt
hecon
tro
lsecti
onandthenca
lcul
atethestep
-
wi
sesumma
tionp
rocessorot
herme
thods.

2.
8.4 Thet
unne
lli
ningandsuppo
rti
ngs
truc
tur
e

2.
8.4.
1 Thet
unne
lli
ningandsuppo
rti
ngs
truc
tur
esha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
nggene
ralr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thet
unne
lsupportsshou
ldkeepi t
ssurround
ingrockstab
leorp rovi
dethenecessa
ryst
abil
izi
ng
t
imefort
hesurroundi
ngr ock.Thefo
llowingsuppor
ting modes maybeused:anchorrod,an -
cho
rageandsho
tcr
ete,s
tee
lfame,r
r ein
for
cemen
tmeshshot
cre
te.

b) Tunnelli
ningincludessho
tcr
etel
inng,conc
i ret
eli
ning,r
ein
for
cedconc
ret
eli
ning,e
t ,wi
c. tht
he
fo
llowingf unc
tions :

1) st
reng
thent hesu
rround
i ocks,andt
ngr hesu
rround
ingr
ocksandt
hel
ini
ngsunde
rta
ket
he
l
oadjoin
tly;

2) smoot
hthesu
rround
ingr
ocksu
rfacet
oreducet
her
oughness;

3) imp
rovet
hean
ti-
seepagecapab
il
ityo
fsu
rround
i ocks;
ngr
128
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

4) p
reventthesu
rroundingrockfrom be
ing washedawayanddamagedduet
othef
low,a
t-
mosphee,t
r emperat
ur eandhumid
itychanges.

c) ont
hel
oadca
lcu
lat
edbyt
het
unne
lli
nings
truc
tur
emaybec
lass
ifi
edi
ntot
heba
sicl
oadandspe
-
c
iall
oadacco
rdi
ngt
othe
irf
unc
tions,i
ncl
udi
ngt
hedead we
igh
toft
hel
inng,su
i rround
ingr
ock
pressure,groundst
ress,int
erna
lwaterpres
sure,ex
ter
nalwa t
erpres
sue,g
r rout
ingpressu
re,
constr
uc t
ionload,t
empe r
atur oad,se
el i
smicload,e
tc.Loadsact
ingonthel
ingshal
lbecom-
b
inedi
ntot
hebas
icandspec
ialcomb
ina
tionsa
ccor
dingt
otheposs
ibi
li
tytwot
ypesofl
oadsl
is-
t
edaboveex
ists
imu
ltaneous
ly.

d) Thesu
rround
ingr
ockp
ressu
reac
tingont
het
unne
lli
ningsha
llbede
termi
nedi
naccor
dancewi
th
t
hesu
rround
ingr
ockf
eat
ures,bu
rieddep
th,sec
tiona
lshapeands
izeof,cons
truc
tionme
thod,
suppo
rti
ngcond
iti
onsa
fte
rexcava
tion,
lin
ingconc
ret
epou
ringt
imeands
tres
sred
ist
ribu
tionof
t
hesu
rround
ingr
ockdu
ringcons
truc
tion.

1) Fo
rsu
rround
i ock Ⅰ ,b
ngr roken
-rockp
res
sur
emaybei
gnor
edi
nthel
ini
ngdes
ign.Gr
ound
s
tres
sshou
ldbes
tud
iedaccor
dingt
othet
unne
lbu
ria
ldep
th.

2) Fo
rsu
rround
ingr
ocks Ⅰ and Ⅱ ,b
roken
-rockp
res
sur
emaybees
tima
tedaccor
dingt
oFor
-
mu
la(
27)be
for
etunne
lexcava
tion.

qv = (
0. 2)
1 ~0. γRB …………………………(27 )

whe
re

γR i
sther
ockun
itwe
i t,i
gh nkN/m3 ;

B i
sthet
unne
lexcava
tionwi
dth ,i
nm;

qv i
sthep
res
sur
eofeven
lyd
ist
ribu
tedsu
rround
ingr
ocks,i
nkN/m2 .

Af
tert
unne
lexcava
tion,t
hep
ressu
reac
tingont
hel
ini
ngsha
llbeana
lysedbyb
lockba
lance
me
thodorf
ini
tee
lemen
tme
thodacco
rdi
ngt
othesupp
lemen
tar
ygeo
log
ica
lda
taandt
he
necess
aryco
rrec
tionsha
llbemade.

3) Fo
rsu
rround
ingr
ocks Ⅳ and Ⅴ ,t
hesu
rround
ingr
ockp
ressu
remaybees
tima
tedwi
tht
he
l
oosenmed
iaba
lancet
heoy.
r

4) I
ncaset
hesu
rround
ingr
ocksa
resuppor
tedbycomb
inedbo
lti
ngandshot
cre
tel
ini
ng or
s
tee
lfr
amesr
each
ingas
tab
les
taus,t
t hesu
rround
ingr
ockp
res
sur
eac
tingont
hei
nne
rcon
-
c
ret
eli
ningorr
ein
for
cedconc
ret
eli
ning maybed
iscoun
tedo
rignoed.
r
129
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

2.
8.4.2 Thet
unne
lwi
thconc
ret
eandr
ein
for
cedconc
ret
eli
ningsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
ire
-
men
ts.

a) Thel
ini
ngt
hicknes
soft
heconc
ret
eandt
her
ein
for
cedconc
ret
esha
llbede
termi
nedaccor
dingt
o
t
hes
treng
th,an
ti-
seepageandcompos
iti
onr
equ
iremen
ts,andi
ncomb
ina
tion wi
tht
hecon
-
s
truc
tion me
thod.Thet
hicknes
sofs
ing
ler
ein
for
cedconc
ret
eli
ning shou
ldno
tbel
esst
han
3 m;t
0. het
hicknessoft
hedoub
lel
aye
rsr
ein
for
cedconc
ret
eli
ning shou
ldno
tbel
esst
han
0.
4 m.

b) Thean
ti-
cra
ckorc
rack
-limi
tingr
equ
iremen
tssha
llbep
roposedf
ort
heconc
ret
eandt
her
ein
-
f
orcedconc
ret
eli
ningaccor
dingt
othesu
rround
ingr
ockcond
itons,an
i ti-
seepager
equ
iremen
ts,
ope
rat
ings
tat
eoft
unne
landimpo
rtanceo
fthep
roec
j t.
Thi
srequ
iremen
tmaynotbeneccess
ary
f
ort
hel
ini
ngusedso
lel
yfo
rleve
ll
ingt
hesu
rfaceoft
hesu
rround
ingr s.
ock

c) I
ftheseepage o
fthei
nte
rna
l wa
ter wi
llt
hrea
tent
hesa
fet
yoft
hesu
rround
ingr
ock
sand
ad
jacentst
ructur
esaft
ert
hetunnell
ini
ngiscracked,thel
ini
ngshallbedesi
gnedaccor
dingtot
he
an
ti-
crackrequ
iremen
ts;othe
rwise,it may bedesignedaccor
dingt otherest
ric
tedc r
ackre-
qui
rements.Themax
imumca l
cu l
atedcrackwi
dthsha
llnotexceed0.2 mmto0.3 mm whende-
si
gnedaccordi
ngtother
est
rictedc ack.Whent
r hewateriscor
rosve,t
i hemax
imumca l
cul
ated
c
rackwi
dthshou
ldnotexceed0.
15mmt
o0.
25mm.
Ift
hel
ini
ngi
sno
teasyt
omee
tther
equ
ire
-
men
tso
fan
ti-
cra
cko
rcr
ackr
est
ric
tion,ot
hermea
sur aken.
esmaybet

d) Accor
dingt
othes
treng
thandan
ti-
seepager
equ
iremen
tsoft
heconc
ree,t
t hes
treng
thg
radeof
t
heconc
ret
eandt
her
ein
for
cedconc
ret
eli
ningshou
ldno
tbel
owe
rthanC20.

e) Fo
rtheconc
ret
eandr
ein
for
cedconc
ret
eli
ning,t
hede
forma
tionj
oin
tssha
llbea
rrangedandcor
-
r
espond
ingan
ti-
seepagemea
sur
essha
llbet
akena
tthei
nte
rsec
tiono
fwe
lls,ad
itsandot
herpo-
s
iti
onswhe
ret
hegeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onsobv
ious
lychange (
suchast
hepos
iti
onspa
ssi
ngt
hrough
ar
ela
tive
lyl
argef
aul
torf
rac
tur
edweakzone),orot
herpos
iti
onswhe
res
ign
ifi
can
tre
lat
ived
is-
pl
acement may occur.When the geo
log
ica
lcond i
tions o
f su
rround
ing r
ock a
rer
ela
tive
ly
uni
form,onlytheconst
ruc
tionj
oint
sa r
eprovided.

f) Thel
eng
tho
fthep
lacedsec
tiona
longt
het
unne
lrou
tesha
llbede
termi
nedt
hroughana
lys
isi
n
acco
rdancewi
tht
hep
lac
ingcapa
cit
yandt
het
empe
rat
uresh
rinkage.Thel
eng
th maybe6 mt
o
12m.Thec
ircumf
eren
tia
ljo
int
soft
hebot
toma
rchandt
hes
ide/c
rowna
rchsha
llnotbes
tag
-
ge
red.

g) Wit
hregar
dtothecir
cula
rconst
ruc
tionjoi
ntsofthenon
-pressu
retunnell
inng,t
i hedi
str
ibut
ion
s
teelmaynotpene
trat
et hej
oin
tsurface,theconcr
ete maynotber oughenedandthe wa
ter
s
top mayno
tbea
rrangedi
fthe
rei
snoan
ti-
seepager
equ
ir t.Wi
emen thr
ega
rdt
othep
ressu
re
t
unne
land t
he non
-pr
essu
ret
unne
l wi
th an
ti-
seepage r
equ
iremen
ts,t
he neces
sar
yjo
int
130
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

t
rea
tmen
tmeasu
ressha
llbeimp
lemen
tedf
ort
hec
ircu
larcons
truc
tionj
oin
tsoft
hel
ini
nga
c-
cor
dingt
othespec
ifi
ccond
itons.
i

h) Thel
ong
itud
ina
lcons
truc
tionj
oin
tsi
nthet
unne
lli
ningsha
llber
oughenedanda
rrangeda
tthe
posi
tionswit
hr el
ati
vel
ylowtens
iles
tressandshearst
ressinthet
unnell
ini
ngstruct
ure.When
thetoparchneedstobeli
nedf
irs
tintheconst
ruct
ion,thereve
rsej
oin
tsurfaceo
ft heabu
tment
sha
llbep
rope
rlyt
rea
ted.

i) Certa
inove
rlappi
ngl
engthsha
llberese
rvedfort
heconnec
tionbe
tweentherei
nforcedconc
ret
e
l
ini
ngandthes t
eelp
lat
elin
ing (
theoverl
app
ingl
eng
thshal
lbedetermi
nedaccord
ingtothewa -
t
erheadandnotbel
es han1m),andt
st hedamr
ingorot
heran
ti-
seepagemeasu
ressha
llbea
r-
rangedonthes t
eelp
lat
elinng.Wi
i thr
egardtothep
ressu
ret
unnelwit
hhighint
erna
lwaterpr
es-
sur ,
et henecessi
tyofarr
angingt
hewa t
er-
tigh
tcur
tai
nanddra
inagefac
il
it
iesatthet
ailendof
t
her
ein
for
cedconc
ret
eli
ningsha
llbes
tud
ied.

2.
8.4.
3 Tunne
lswi
thnol
ini
ngandt
unne
lswi
thsuppor
tingancho
rageandshot
cre
tesha
llmee
tthe
f
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thetunneli
ntheint
egr
al,ha
rdr
ockmasswit
hlow permeab
ili
ty maynotbeli
nedupont
echni
cal
andeconomicana
lys
isi
fthewaterf
lowi
nthetunne
lwillno
tdamaget herock,andt
heoutward
seepageofint
erna
lwa terwi
llnoti
nfl
uencethestab
il
ityo
fthead
jacents
truct
ures,
thesu
rround-
ingrocksandthehil
lsde.App
i ropr
iat
ereinf
orcementmeasu
resshal
lbetakenfortheent
rance/
ex
ito
fthenon
-li
ningt
unne
landt
het
unne
lsec
tion wi
thspec
ialr
equ
iremen
ts.Thef
loo
roft
he
non-
linedtunnelshal
lbel
evel
led wi
thconcr
e te.Therockcol
lec
tingt
rapsshal
lbea r
rangedf
or
thewa te
rd ive
rsionandpowergenera
tiontunnelwit
houtli
ning.Theposi
ti ,
on vo
l ,
ume depth
andnumbe
roft
rapsmaybede
termi
nedacco
rdi
ngt
othel
eng
th,geo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onsandhy
-
d
rau
liccond
iti
onsoft
unne
lsec
tionaswe
llast
hec
lean
ingcond
itons.
i

b) I
ftheexcavati
onofthenon-l
ini
ngtunneli
spe rf
ormedbyt hebo r
ehole
-blas
ting method,t
he
smoot
hblast
ingpr
ocesssha
llbeused;thequa
lit r
y qe u
irement
s f
or smoothblast
ingincl
udet
he
f
oll ng.
owi

1) Bo
tht
her
adi
alove
r-excava
tionva
lueandt
hef
luc
tua
tiond
iff
erenceoft
heexcava
tedr
ock
su
rfacesha
llbel
esst
han0.
2 m.

2) Theb
las
tho
let
racessha
llbeun
iforml
ydi
str
ibu
tedont
heexcava
tionsu
rround
ingsu
rface,
andt
her
eten
tionr
ateoft
heb
las
tho
let
racessha
llnotbel
esst
han70%.
Ther
eten
tionr
ate
oft
heb
las
tho
let
racesr
efe
rst
othepe
rcen
tageoft
her
ati
obe
tweent
hequan
tit
yofb
las
t
ho
leswi
tht
racesandt
het
ota
lquan
tit
yoft
hesu
rround
ingb
las
tho
les.

3) The
resha
llbenoobv
iousb
las
tingc
rack
sint
hesu
rround
ingr s.
ock

4) Unde
r-excava
tionsha
llno r.
toccu
131
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

c) Fort
het
unne
lsec
tionwhe
ret
her
ockma
ssi
sre
lat
ive
lyi
nteg
ral,andha
rdbu
thasr
ela
tive
lypoor
weathe
ringres
ist
anceandan
ti-
seepageper
formanceandtheoutwa
rdseepageofint
ernalwate
r
wi
llnotcausedeter
ior
ati
onofthesurr
ound
ingrocksorresu
lti
nanadvesesequence,t
r heshot
-
c
ret
ebo
ltl
ini
ng maybeadop
tedupont
echn
ica
landeconomi
cana
lys
is.

d) Thefol
lowi
ngshotcr
etebol
tlini
ngpatte
rnsmaybese
lec
tedacco
r d
ingtothesurr
oundi
ngrock
cond
itons,ope
i rat
ingcha
racte
rist
icsofthet
unne
laswel
lasthefunct
ionsandr
equir
ement
sof
sho
tcr
etebo
ltl
inng:
i

1) sho
tcr
etel
inng;
i

2) comb
inedl
ini
ngo
fshot
cre
teandanchorbo
lt;

3) comb
inedl
ini
ngo
fshot
cre
te,anchorbo
ltandba
r-ma
tre
inf
or t;
cemen

4) comb
inedl
ini
ngo
fshot
cre
teanchor
ageandconc
ret
eorr
ein
for
cedconc
ree.
t

e) Thebond
ings
treng
thbe
tweent
heshot
cre
tel
aye
randt
hesu
rround
ingr
ock
sshou
ldnotbel
ess
than0.8 MPainthesurround
ingrock
sofca
tegor
yI I
Iorh
i r.Thet
ghe hi
cknessoft
heshot
cre
te
l
iningshouldnotusua
llybeles han50mm,andt
st hemax
imumthicknessshoul
dnotbegr
eater
t
han200mm.Theshot
cre
tecomp
ress
ions
treng
thshou
ldno
tbel
owe
rthan20MPa.

f) Ther
ela
tive
lyuns
tab
lesu
rround
ingr
ocksshou
ldber
ein
for
cedwi
tht
hecomb
inedl
ini
ngo
fshot
-
c
ret
eandancho rbot.Thepa
l rt
ial
lyunstab
ler
ockb l
ocks maybereinf
orced wi
thasuspended
mor
taranchor,andtheancho
rbo l
tshal
lbevert
ica
ltotherocksu
rface,thel
engthoft
heboltin
t
hes
tab
lesu
rround
ingr
ockshou
ldbe40t
o50t
imest
heanchorbo
ltd
iame
terandt
heanchorbo
lt
di
ametershou
ldno tbelessthan16 mm.Wi
thr egar
dtothesurr
oundi
ngr ocks wi
thre
lat
ive
ly
poori
ntegr
alstab
il
ity,t
her ockbol
tsyst
em shouldbeused.Thedi
ame t
ero ftheanchorbol
t
shou
ldnotbel
esst
han16mmandt
hel
eng
thshou
l o4m;andt
dbe2mt hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isi
ons
sha
llbeobse
rved.

1) Theanchorbol
tssha
llbeve
rti
calt
ot he ma
instr
uct
ur a
lsurf
ace;whenthe mains
truc
tur
al
sur
faceisnotobv
ious,i
tmaybeve r
tica
ltothecontourl
inearoundt
het l.
unne

2) Thepos
iti
onsont
hesu
rround
ingr
ocksu
rfaceshou
ldbea
rrangedi
nqu
incunx.

3) Thespa
cingbe
tweent
heanchorbo
ltsshou
ldno
tbeg
rea
tert
hanha
lfofi
tsl
eng
th,andsha
ll
notbeg
rea
tert
han1.
25mf
ort
heun
favou
rab
lesu
rround
i ock.
ngr

g) Thesur
roundi
ngr ock
swi t
hdevel
opedstr
uctur
eandfissu
resshouldbel
inedincombina
tionform
oftheshot
crete,ancho
rbo l
tandbar-matr
einfor
cement.Thelayoutofthebar-ma
tr ei
nforce
-
men
tsha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons.
i
132
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

1) Thed
iame
tero
fthel
ong
itud
ina
lre
inf
orcemen
toft
heba
r-ma
tre
inf
orcemen
tshou
ldbe
6mmt
o10mmandt
hed
iame
tero
fthec
ircumf
eren
tia
lre
inf
orcemen
tshou
ldbe6 mmt
o
12mm.

2) Thema
tspac
ingsha
llbe200mmt
o300mm.

3) Thet
hicknes
soft
heshot
cre
tep
rot
ect
ivel
aye
rfort
heba
r-ma
tre
inf
orcemen
tsha
llnotbe
l
esst
han50mm.

4) Theconnec
tionbe
tweent
heba
r-ma
tre
inf
orcemen
tandt
heanchorbo
ltshou
ldbef
ixedby
we
ldng.
i

5) Thei
nter
sect
ionofthebar
-matre
i nf
orcementsha
llbef
irmlyf
a s
tened (
itisr
ecommended
toweldthemtoget
heratthei
ntervalandfas
tenthemtoge
therattheinte
r l).
va

h) Theent
rance/ex
itofthetunnelwi
thshotc
ret
eanchoage,andt
r hepos
iti
onsinfr
ontandbehind
thes
lui
cechambe rsha
llbel
inedwithconc
ret
eorrei
nfor
cedconcre
te;thel
ini
ngleng
thshal
lbe
determi
nedaccor
dingt othespec
ifi
ccond
itons,andshou
i ldnotbel
esst
han2t
o3t
imest
he
tunneld
iame
t r(
e ortunne
lwidth).

2.
8.4.4 Theg
rou
ting,an
ti-
seepageandd
rai
nageo
fthet
unne
lli
ningsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
e-
qu
iremen
ts.

a) Thet op o
ftheconcreteandr ei
nforcedconc
re tel
ini
ng sha
llbebackf
il
ledand g
routed.The
,
scope holespac
i ,
ng row spac
i ,
ng g rou
tingpressu
reandg rou
tdensi
tyo ft
hebackf
il
lingand
r
gou
tingsha
llbede
termi
nedt
hroughana
lys
isaccor
dingt
othet
ypeofl
ini
ngs
truc
tue,wo
r rki
ng
cond
iti
onsi
nthet
unne
landt
hecons
truc
tionme
thod.

b) Thescopeoft
heba ck
fil
li
ngandgr
outi
ngshou
ldbewith
in90
°to120
°oft
hecen
t r
alang
leofthe
topa
rch,thespac
ingbe tweenho
lesandrowsshou
l o6 m,t
dbe2 m t hegrouti
ngpressu
re
shou
ldbe0.
2MPat
o0.
3MPaandt
hedep
thoft
heg
rou
tingho
lei
nthesu
rround
ingr
ockssha
llbe
a
tleas
t50mm.

c) Theconso
lida
tiong
rou
tingoft
hesu
rround
ingr
ockssha
llbede
termi
nedt
hrought
echn
ica
land
economi
ccompa
rison.
Thepa
rame
ter
soft
heconso
lida
tiong
rou
ting maybede
termi
nedt
hrough
eng
inee
ringana
logyorf
iel
dt t.Thespa
es c
ingbe
tweent
her
owsshou
ldbe2 mt
o4 m anda
t
l
eas
t6ho
lesshou
ldbea
rrangedononer
ow andl
aidou
tsymme
tri
cal
ly.Theho
ledep
thi
nthe
su
rround
ingr
ocksshou
ldbeabou
tthel
eng
thoft
het
unne
lrad
ius.
Theg
rou
tingp
ressu
reshou
ld
be1.
5to2.
0timest
hei
nte
rna
lwa
terp
ressu
re.

d) I
nt he ant
i-seepage and d
rai
nage design o
ft he t l,t
unne he pl
ugging (such aslin
ing and
grout
ing),retai
ning (
suchasant
i-see a
pg ecurt
ain) andm easur
e ddr
ain
ing (
s uchasthedra
inage
ho
lesandd
rai
nagega
lle
ry)sha
llbese
lec
tedt
hroughcomp
rehens
iveana
lys
isacco
rdi
ngt
othe
133
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

eng
inee
ringgeo
logy,hyd
rogeo
logyanddes
igncond
iti
onsoft
hesu
rround
ingr
ocksa
longt
he
r
out
eoft
het
unne
landwi
tha
llus
iont
othespec
ifi
csi
tua
tionf
ort
hepu
rposeo
fimp
rov
ingt
he
l
ini
ngs
truc
tur
eandwo
rki
ngcond
iti
ono
fthesu
rround
ingr s.
ock

e) Thedra
inageholesmaybear
rangedi
nt henon
-pressu
ret l.Thespa
unne c
ingbetweendra
inage
hoes,t
l hespac
ingbetweenr
owsandt heholedepthsha
llbedetermi
nedthr
oughanal
ysisac-
cord
ingtothehyd
rogeo
log
ica
lcondit
ions.Thespac
ingbetweenho
lesandthespac
ingbe
tween
rowsshoul
dbe2mt ,
o4m andt heholedepthinther
ockstra
tumshoul
dbe2mt o4m.

f) Withregar
dt othepressuret
unne
lwhoseli
ningdes
igniscon
tro
lledbyt
heext
erna
lwa te
rpres-
su
ret, hedra
inage measu
resshou
ldbetakentoreducetheext
er na
lwate
rpr
essurei
ntens
ity,
bu
ttheou
twa
rdseepageo
fin
ter
nalwa
tersha
llbeavo
ided.

g) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
otunne
lswi
thou
tconc
ret
eli
ningbu
ton
lywi
thshot
cre
tebo
ltl
inng,necess
i aryan
-
t
i-seepagemea
sur
essha
llbet
akena
ttheex
itf
romt
hep
res
sur
etunne
latt
hepos
iti
onwhe
ret
he
coveri
ngthi
cknessoft
hesu rr
oundi
ngr
ockabovethet
unnelt
opisl
essthanthei
nte
rna
lwater
pres
sureheadforthetunne
lsect
ionwi
thsur
round
ingrock
sofca
tegor
iesIVandV,andatt
he
posi
tionwher
et het
hicknessofthesu
rroundi
ngrockscloset
othehi
llbanki
slessthan1.5t
imes
theinte
rna
lwa t
erpressurehead;meanwh i
le,a
ttenti
onshallbepaidtotheinst
ab i
li
tyofthe
su
rround
ingr
ockandh
il
lsde.
i

8.
3 Wate
rdi
ver
sionchanne
landfo
rebay

3.
8.1 Gene
ralp
rov
isi
ons

3.
8.1.1 I
ftheleveecres
theigh
to fthesel
f-r
egu
lati
ngchanne
lremai
nsunchangedal
ongthechanne
l
l
engt
handthechanne
lbottomextendsal
ongthechanne
latacert
aing
rad
ien ,
tt heover
flow we
irmay
notbea
rrangeda
ttheendoft l.Wi
hechanne thr
ega
rdt
othese
lf-
regu
lat
i l,t
ngchanne hebu
lkhead
gateshou
ldbea r
rangedatthe waterin
take.
Iftheleveecres
televat
ionofthenon-sel
f-r
egulat
ing
channe
lreducesa
longthechanne
llengh,andi
t tsgr
adienti
sconsi
sten
twi t
hthechannelbottom g
ra-
di t,t
en her el
easest
ructu
resuchastheoverfl
ow we irshoul
dbea r
rangedi
ntheforebayatt het
ail
endoft l.Wi
hechanne t
hr ega
rdtothenon
-regula
ti l,t
ngchanne heserv
icega
teandt
hebu lkheadgat
e
sha
llbea
rrangeda
tthewa
teri
ntke (
a ort
hega
tes
lotmayber
ese
rved).

3.
8. 1.
2 Wit
hr ega
rdt otheselec
tionoft hewate
rd i
vers
ionchanneltypes,theself
-regul
atingchan-
ne ,
l non-
sel
f-r
egulat
ing channelo r channe
l mixed with se
lf-
regu
lating and non-se
lf-
regul
ating
f
unc t
ionsshal
lbesel
ectedthrought
echn
ica
landeconomi
ccompari
sonincombi
nati
onwi t
hthet
opo-
graphi
ca ,
l geol
ogi
ca ,
l cons
tructi
onandopera
tiona
lcond
iti
onsa
s wellasthegenera
llayou
tofthe
r
poec
j t.

3.
8.1.
3 Se
lf-
regu
lat
ingchanne
lmaybeadop
tedi
fthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
tsa
r t.
eme

a) Thewa
terl
eve
lchangeo
fthechanne
lwa
teri
ntakei
ssma
ll,t
hechanne
lisr
ela
tive
lysho
rt,t
he
134
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

l
ong
itud
ina
lgr
adi
ento
fthechanne
lbot
tomi
ssma
llandmos
toft
hechanne
lisexcava
ted.

b) Thecond
iti
onsf
ort
hebu
ild
ingr
elea
ses
truc
tur
eisunava
ilab
le.

c) Theope
rat
ionr
equ
irest
heuseo
fst
orewa
terast
her
egu
lat
ingcapac
ityoft
hehyd
ropowe
rst
a-
t
ion.

d) I
nthedesigno fthewaterdive
rsionchannelandf
o ebay,t
r hei
ssuesonf
loodcont
rol,tr
ashp
re-
ven
ti ,
on ant
i- ,
seepage sed
imen tpreven
tionandiceres
ist
anceshal
lbet
reatedp
ropery.
l

e) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othechanne
lsec
tionnea
rthe wa
teri
ntake,t
hep
rot
ect
ionscopeandt
heco
rre
-
spond
ingeng
inee
ringmea
sur
essha
llbede
termi
nedf
ort
hef
loodcon
tro
lofou
ters
lopeacco
rdi
ng
t
othef
loodd
ischa
rges
itua
tion.

3.
8.2 Layoutpr
inc
ipl
esfo
rthechanne
landfor
ebay

3.
8.2.1 Thechannelr
outeshoul
dbes t
rai
ghtasfarasposs
ibe,andshou
l l
dbese lec
teda
ttheplace
wher
etheexcavat
ionandfi
ll
ingarebas
ica
llyba
lanced;i
fimposs
ibe,t
l hehighf
il
li
nganddeepexca-
vat
ionzoneshal
lbeavo
idedasfa
ra sposs
ible,andt
het u
rnsha
llno
tbesha
rp.Wit
hr ega
rdtothel
in-
i
ngchannel,thecu
rverad
iussha
llnotbelessthan2.5B (
Bref
erstot
hewa t
ersur
facewid
t hofthe
l);wi
channe thr
ega
rdt
oaun
li l,t
nedchanne hecu
rver
adi
ussha
llnotbel
esst
han5B.

8.3.
2.
2 I nmount
ainousandh
il
l ya
reas,channelroutessha
llbel
aidoutal
ongthecontourl
ine.When
thechanne
lgoesthroughava
lleyorr
idge,t heextensivef
il
lng,deepexcava
i tion,bypa
ssing,aque
-
duc
tandt
unne
ll
ingschemessha
llbecompa
red,andt
heop
tima
lonesha
llbese
lec
ted.Thechanne
l
sha
llbeo
rthogona
ltot
her
oadandt
her
i r.
ve

3.
8. 2.
3 Thechannelr
outeshal
lbekep
tawayfromther
egionwit
hseriousleakage,qu
icksand,mud
and,l
l ands
lidesandarockstr
atumtha
tisdi
ffi
cul
ttoexcava
te.Seve
rals chemes maybep roposed
andcomparedwhenneces s
ary,f
orexample,keep
ingawayfromthel
andslidea
reabybypa
ssi
ngand
back
fil
lng,r
i educ
ingseepagewit
hanti
-seepagemeasu
res,c
ross
ingquicksandar
eawit
hboxcu l
ver
t
andensu
ringsa
feope
rat
ionoft
hechanne
lwi
thconc
ret
eorr
ein
for
cedconc
ret
eli
ning.

3.
8. 2.
4 Toimpr
ovetheconst
ruc
tioncondi
tionsandensu
retheeng
inee
ringqual
ity,thetr
anspor
ta-
t
ion,wat
erandpowe
rsupply,mechani
calconstr
uct
ionsi
te,so
ilbor
rowingandspoilgr
oundforthe
cons
truc
tionsha
llbecomp
rehens
ive
lycons
ide
red.

3.
8.3 Layoutofst
ructu
resonthechanne
l

8.3.
3.1 Ther el
easest
ruc
tureshoul
demploythesi
dewei ype.Thes
rt i
deweirshou
ldbela
idou tin
theforebay (
oratthepos
iti
onclosetot
hef oebay)ort
r heposi
tion wher
ethechanne
lcr
os sesthe
gu
lly.
135
SHP/TG 002
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2019

3.
8.3.
2 Thehyd
rau
licdes
ignoft
hewe
irsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othewa
terd
ive
rsi l,t
onchanne hec
res
tel
eva
tionoft
hes
idewe
irsha
llbe0.
1 mt
o
0.
2 mh
ighe
rthant
heove
rfl
ow wa
tersu
rfacee
leva
tion whent
hehyd
ropowe
rst
ati
onope
rat
es
norma
llya
tdes
ignf
low.

b) Thewe
irc
res
tleng
thandave
ragewa
terheadi
nfr
ontoft
hewe
irshou
ldbede
termi
nedt
hrough
ca
lcu
lat
ionandcompa
rison.

c) Wa
terf
lowi
ngt
hrought
hewe
irsha
llbekep
tfl
owi
ngf
ree
ly,andt
hes
idechanne
lors
teepchan
-
ne
lforwa
terd
ischa
rgeandneces
sar
yene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionandt
hee
ros
ioncon
tro
lfac
il
it
iesshou
ld
bel
aidou
tbeh
indt
hewe
ira
cco
rdi
ngt
otheac
tua
lcond
itons.
i

d) Pr
act
ica
lcr
oss
-sec
tionwe
iro
rthet
rapezo
ida
lwe
irorva
cuumsec
tionwe
irmaybeused.

e) Thegu
idewa
llsonbo
ths
idesoft
hes
idewe
irsha
llmee
tther
equ
iremen
tso
fkeep
ingt
hewa
ter
f
lowsmooh.
t

3.
8. 3.3 Tomeettheove
rhau
lr equ
irement
so fthechannel,thedra
inagehol
essha
llbearranged.The
dr
ainageho
lesshou
ldbecombinedwiththesedimentdischa
rgi ,
ng i
rri
gati ,
on andwatersupplyfa
cil
i-
t
ies.

3.
8.3.
4 Whent
hechanne
lisr
ela
tive
lyl
ongandal
otoft
rashen
ter
sthechanne
lal
ongt
her
oue,ad
t -
d
iti
ona
ltr
ashr
eta
ini
ngandc
lean
ingf
aci
li
tiesshou
ldbea
rrangeda
ttheapp
rop
ria
tepos
itons.
i

3.
8. 3.
5 Effec
tivesedimentdi
scha
rgi
ngf ac
il
it
iessuchast
hesedimentdi
schar
ging vor
tex p
ipe
shou
ldbear
rangedinthechanne
ltohandl
ethesediment(
mai
nl oad)i
ybedl nt l.
hechanne

3.
8.3.
6 Necess
arysa
fet
yandmob
il
ityf
aci
li
tiessha
llbea
rrangeda
longt
her
out
eoft
hewa
terd
ive
r-
s
i l.
onchanne

3.
8.4 Des
ignofthel
ong
itud
ina
lgr
adi
entandcr
oss
-sect
ionofthechanne
l

8.
3.4.
1 Thelongit
udinalsec t
ion des
ign ofthe channe
lincudes:de
l termin
ing thel ong
itudinal
grad
ien
toft hechannel,theno rmalwaterl
ine,min
imum wa te
rline,maximum waterlne,e
i l
evation
ofthechannelbot
tom,g r oundlevela
longtherout
eo fchanne
landt hee
levat
ionoft heleveec r
es t.

3.
8.4.
2 Thef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipl
essha
llbepa
ida
tten
tiont
owhense
lec
tingt
hel
ong
itud
ina
lgr
adi
entof
t l.
hechanne

a) Gr
oundg
rad
i t:t
en hel
ong
itud
ina
lgr
adi
entoft
hechanne
lsha
llbec
loset
otheg
roundg
rad
ien
tas
mucha
spos
sib
le.
136
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

b) Geol
ogi
calcondi
tions:wit
hr egar
dt othechannelpronetoscour
ing,thelongi
tud
inalg
rad
ient
shou
ldbegente;wi
l thr
egardt othechanne
lwithfavourab
legeo
logi
calcond
itons,t
i hel
ongi
tu-
d
ina
lgr
adi
entmaybeapp
rop
ria
tel
yinc
reased.

c) Fl
ow magn
itude:whentheflowisstong,t
r hel
ongit
udina
lgradi
entshou
ldbegen
tle,whent
he
f
lowislow,thelong
itud
ina
lg r
adi
entshou
ldbesli
ghtl
ys t
eeper.

d) Sedimen
tconcen
trat
ion:whenthesedimen
tconcen
tra
tionoft
he wat
erflowi
slow,at
tent
ion
sha
llbepai
dt oscour
ingp
reven
tion,andthel
ongit
udina
lgr
adien
tshoul
dbegent
le;whenthe
sed
imen
tconcen
tra
tioni
shgh,a
i tten
tionsha
llbepa
idt
othes
il
tingp
reven
tion,andt
hel
ong
itu
-
d
ina
lgr
adi
entshou
ldbes
teep.

e) Wa
terhead.

3.
8.4.
3 Thesec
tions
izeo
fthechanne
lsha
llbede
termi
nedt
hroughhyd
rau
licca
lcu
lat
ionacco
rdi
ng
t
othe ope
rat
ing r
equ
iremen
ts.Thesec
tionsha
llbe des
igned a
ccor
ding t
othe des
ignf
low and
checkeda
ccor
dingt
othei
ncr
easedf
low.

3.
8.4.
4 Reasonab
lechanne
lsec
tiondes
ignsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thewa
ter
-bea
ringcapa
cit
ysha
llbesa
tis
fyt
hewa
terdemands.

b) Thewa
terl
eve
lsha
llsa
tis
fyt
her
equ
iremen
tso
fir
riga
tionbyg
rav
ity.

c) Thef
lowve
loc
ityi
nthechanne
lsha
llavo
idscou
ringors
ilt
ingo
fthechanne
landr
eal
izi
ngape
ri-
od
ica
lscou
ringands
il
tingba
lance.

d) Thes
ides
lopesha
llbes
tab
let
oensu
resa
feope
rat
ionoft l.
hechanne

e) Thesec
tionf
ormsha
llber
easonab
let
oreduceseepageando
the
rlosses,andimp
rovet
hewa
ter
u
til
iza
tioncoe
ffi
ci t.
en

f) I
tshou
ldmee
tther
equ
iremen
tsofcomp
rehens
iveu
til
iza
tionandbespec
ial
izedi
nmanyf
ieds.
l

g) Theeng
inee
ringamoun
tsha
llbeasl
itt
leaspos
sib
le.

3.
8.4.
5 Thechanne
lshou
ldemp
loyt
het
rapezo
idc
ross
-sec
tion.Thel
eveec
res
tsha
llr
ese
rveace
r-
t
ainwi
dthandf
reeboa
rd.

3.
8. 4.
6 Thesel
ect
ionscopeoft
hedes i
gnflow ve
loc
ityf
ort
he wate
rd i
versi
onchanne
lofthehy-
dr
opowerst
aton:t
i hef
lowveloc
ityshouldbe1m/sto2m/sforthel
inedchanne 6 m/st
landbe0. o
9 m/sf
0. ort
heea
rt l.
hchanne
137
SHP/TG 002
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2019

3.
8.4.
7 Thewa
terd
ive
rsi
onchanne
loft
hehyd
ropowe
rst
ati
onsha
llbel
inedwi
thdu
rab
lema
ter
ial
s
wi
thgoodan
ti-
seepagepe
rformancea
ccor
dingt
othel
oca
lcond
itons.
i

3.
8.5 For
ebaydes
ign

3.
8. 5.
1 Thef or
ebayshallbecomposedofafron
tchamber,in
takechamber,pr
essu
rewall,r
elease
st
ruct
ure,sed
imentdischari
gng,
icereta
ini
ngandiced
ischa
rgi
ngstruc
tues.
r Inthep
lanel
ayout,the
cen
tre
lineo
fthewa
teri
nta
keoft
hehyd
ropowe
rst
ati
onshou
ldco
inc
ide wi
tht
hecen
tre
lineo
fthe
wa
terd
ive
rsi l.Thef
onchanne orebaydes
ignsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thein
takechambershouldbewide
randdeepe rt
hant l;t
hechanne hechanne
lshou
ldbeconnec
t-
edtotheforebaybody wit
htr
ansi
tiona
ldi
ffuserf(rontchambe )
r.

b) Ther
elea
ses
truc
tur
esha
llp
reven
tthewa
teri
nthef
orebayf
romove
rfl
owi
ngt
hel
eveec
rown.

c) Thei
cer
eten
tion,t
hei
cechu
teandscou
ringga
lle
ry sha
llp
reven
tthehaza
rdso
fsed
imen
t
ce.
andi

3.
8.5.
2 Thel
ayou
toft
hef
orebaysha
llbecompac
tandr
easonab
let
oensu
resmoo
th wa
terf
low,
f
lex
ibl
eandr
eli
abl
eope
rat
ionandas
afeandeconomi
cals
truc
tue.
r

3.
8.5.
3 Thef
orebayshou
ldbel
aidou
tont
heuppe
rpa
rtoft
hes
teeps
lope;spec
iala
tten
tionsha
ll
bepa
idt
othef
ounda
tions
tab
il
ityandan
ti-
seepagep
rob
lemst
oensu
ret
hes
tab
il
ityoft
hef
orebay.
It
shou
ldbec
loset
othepowe
rhouse.

3.
8.5.
4 Thep
laned
iff
usi
onang
leβ o
fthechanne
lconnec
tingt
othef
orebayshou
ldnotbeg
rea
ter
t
han10
°t °.
o15

3.
8.5.
5 Thehe
igh
toft
hef
loora
tthet
ailendoft
hef
ron
tchambe
rsha
llbe0.
5 mt
o1.
0 ml
owe
r
t
hant
hef
loo
rel
eva
tionoft
hei
nta r.
kechambe

3.
8.5.
6 Whent
hecen
terl
ineo
fthechanne
lisi
ncons
ist
entwi
tht
hecen
terl
ineoft
hepens
tock,t
he
gen
tleconnec
tioncu
rveandthegui
dewa l
lmaybeadopted.Thewid
thofthef
rontchambershou
ld
beabout1.0to1.5timest
heint
akechamberwi
dth,andtheleng
thshou
ldbe2.5to3.0timesthe
wi
dth.

3.
8. 5.
7 Whent her
ea r e mor
ethantwo pens
tocks,theintakechambe rshal
lbesepa r
atedinto
sever
alindependentintakechambe
rs wi
thsepar
atingpi
er ;
s thetrashr a ,
ck bu
lkheadgat ,
e se rv
ice
gat ,
e ho
i s ,
t bypa sspi ,
pe venthol
eandservi
ceb r
idgeshou
ldbea r
r angedineachint
akechamber.

3.
8.6 Hyd
rau
licca
lcu
lat
ion

3.
8.6.
1 Thehyd
rau
licca
lcu
lat
ioni
ncudes:
l
138
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

a) hydrau
licca
lcu
lat
iono
fthes
teadyf
lowanduns
teadyf
lowo
fthewa
terd
ive
rsi
onchanne
landt
he
for
ebaysystem;

b) hyd
rau
licdes
ignandene
rgyd
iss
ipa
tionca
lcu
lat
ionf
ort
her
eleases
truc
tue;
r

c) hyd
rau
licdes
ignandca
lcu
lat
ionf
ort
hedes
ilt
ings
truc
tue;
r

d) hyd
rau
licca
lcu
lat
iono
fot
herove
rfl
owi
ngs
truc
tues.
r

3.
8.6.
2 Channe
ldes
ignf
lowsha
lli
ncl
udet
hemax
imumd
ive
rsi
onf
lowoft
hehyd
ropowe
rst
ati
onas
we
lla
sthel
eakageandevapor
ati
onl
ossoft l.
hechanne Thedes
ignf
lowo
fthecor
respond
ingchanne
l
sec
tionmaybei
ncr
easedwhennecess
ary.

3.
8.6.
3 Thewa
terl
eve
loft
hehyd
ropowe
rst
ati
ondu
ringi
tsnorma
lope
rat
iona
tdes
ignf
lowsha
ll
beusedast
henorma
lwa
terl
eve
loft
hef
orebay.
Int
hiscase,t
hechanne
lsys
temsha
llope
rat
eint
he
un
ifo
rmf
lowo
rnea
rlyun
iformf
lowr
egime.

3.
8.6.
4 The max
imum wa
terl
eve
lint
hef
orebayandt
hechanne
lsha
llbede
termi
nedaccor
dingt
o
t
hemax
imumsu
rgewa
terl
eve
lwhent
hehyd
ropowe
rst
ati
oncas
tsof
fal
lthel
oadssudden
lyi
nthe
norma
lope
rat
ingp
roces
satdes
ignf
low.Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othese
lf-
regu
lat
i l,i
ngchanne tre
fer
stot
he
max
imumsu
rgewa
terl
eve
latt
heendo
fthechanne
lob
tai
nedf
romt
henon
-st
eadyf
lowca
lcu
lat
ion;
wi
thr
ega
rdt
othenon
-se
lf-
regu
lat
i l,i
ngchanne tre
fer
stot
hecor
respond
ing wa
terl
eve
lwhent
he
ove
rfl
ow we
ird
ischa
rgest
hemax
imumf
low.

3.
8.6.
5 Themi
nimum wa
terl
eve
lint
hef
orebayandt
hechanne
lsha
llbede
termi
nedi
naccor
dance
wi
thanyoft
hef
oll
owi
ngcond
itons:
i

a) t
hemi
nimum wa
terd
ive
rsi
onf
lowf
orpowe
rgene
rat
ioni
nthed
rysea
sono
fthedes
ignf
requen
-
cy,whent
hechanne
lope
rat
esno
rma
lly;

b) whent
hechanne
lisr
equ
iredt
odi
scha
rgei
cei
nwi
ntr;
e

c) a
tthel
ow wa
terl
eve
lwhent
he wa
terl
eve
lint
hef
orebayd
ropssudden
lyduet
osuddeni
n-
c
reaseo
fthet
urb
i oad,t
nel hemi
nimumope
rat
ing wa
terl
eve
lsha
llbede
termi
nedacco
rdi
ngt
o
t
heope
rat
iona
lrequ
iremen
tso
fthehyd
ropowe
rst
ati
ont
oensu
ret
hesubme
rgeddep
thr
equ
ired
byt
hei
nta r.
kechambe

3.
8.6.
6 Unde
rno
rma
lope
rat
ingcond
iti
onsoft
hedes
ignf
lowofhyd
ropowe
rst
aton,t
i hep
risma
tic
channe
lsha
llbeca
lcu
lat
edaccor
dingt
otheun
iformf
l l;wi
ow ofopenchanne thr
ega
rdt
othenon
-
r
pisma
ti l,t
cchanne hecons
tan
tands
lowva
ryi
ngf
lowofopenchanne
lsha
llbeca
lcu
laed.
t
139
SHP/TG 002
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2019

3.
8.7 Channe
lant
i-seepagedes
ign

8.
3.7.
1 The channe
l an
ti-
seepage ma
ter
ial
s shou
ldi
ncl
ude so
il,cemen
ted so
il, mason
ry,
memb
rane,b
itumi
nousconc
ret
eandconc
ree,among wh
t ich,l
imeso
il,t
hree
-el
emen
t mi
xtu
re,
f
our
-el
emen
tmi
xtu
reandcemen
tedso
ilshou
ldbeusedf
ort
hechanne
lan
ti-
seepage wor
ksi
nthe
mi
ldr
egon.
i

3.
8.7.
2 Thechanne
lan
ti-
seepagewo
rkssha
llbei
nli
newi
tht
hep
rinc
ipl
eso
fad
jus
tingt
hemeasu
res
t
othel
oca
lcond
iti
onsandus
ingl
oca
lma
ter
ias.
l Thecons
truc
tionqua
lit
ysha
llbegua
ran
teedt
omee
t
t
her
equ
iremen
tso
fan
ti-
seepagedes
ign.Meanwh
ile,t
he managemen
tsha
llbeenhancedt
oensu
re
t
hedes
ignedse
rvi
cel
ifeandimp
rovet
hebene
fis.
t

3.
8.7.
3 Thechanne
lan
ti-
seepagewor
ksshou
ldbecons
truc
teddu
ringt
hewa
rmseasons.

3.
8.7.
4 Theso
ilma
ter
ial
sfo
rthechanne
lan
ti-
seepagewor
kssha
llmee
tthep
rov
isi
onsofTab
le21.

Tab
le21 Techn
ica
lrequ
irementsofant
i-seepageso
ilmate
ria
l

Cohes
iveso
il, L
imeso
il, Memb
rane
bu
rnt
-ons
and t
hree
-el
emen
tmi
xtu
re an
ti-
seepageso
il Cemen
tedso
il
I
tems
mi
xtu
re andf
our
-el
emen
tmi
xtu
re r
pot
ect
ivel
aye
rand an
ti-
seepage
an
ti-
seepage an
ti-
seepage t
rans
iti
onl
aye
r

C
layg
rai
ncon
t t (% )
en 20~30 15~30 3~30 8~12

Sandg
rai
ncon
t t (% )
en 10~60 10~60 10~60 50~80

P
las
tic
it ndexIp
yi 10~17 7~17 1~17 /

Max
imum pa
rti
cles
izeo
fthe
<5 <5 <5 <5
so
ilpa
rti
cles (
mm)

Or
gan
iccon
t t (% )
en <3.
0 <1.
0 / <2.
0

So
lub
ler
ockcon
t t (% )
en <2.
0 <2.
0 <2.
0 <2.
5

Con
ten
tofca
lichenodu
le,
Una
ccep
tab
le Una
ccep
tab
le Una
ccep
tab
le Una
ccep
tab
le
t
reer
ootandg
ras
sroo
t

3.
8.7.
5 Thebenchma
rkmi
xpr
opor
tiono
fso
ilma
ter
ialshou
ldmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Themixp r
opo r
tionofl
imesoi ime:so
lmaybel il=1∶3t o1∶9.Whenused,t
helimedosage
sha
llbei
ncreasedordecrea
sedasapp
rop
ria
teaccor
dingt
othel
eng
thofthel
imestor
agepe
riod,
andi
tsva
ria
tionscopeshou
ldbecon
tro
lledwi
thi
n ±10%.

b) Themi
xp r
opo
rtiono
ft heth
ree-e
lemen
tmi xt
ur ime:t
emaybel otalwei
ghtoft
hesoi
landsand
=1∶4t ,
o1∶9 whe rethesoi
lwe i
ghtshoul
dbe30% to60% ofthetot
alwe
igh
to fso
iland
and;wi
s thr
ega
rdt
othec
layso
ilwi
thah
ighl
iqu
idl t,t
imi heso
ilwe
igh
tshou
ldnotbe mor
e
t
han50% oft
het
ota
lwe
igh
tofso
ilandsand.
140
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

c) Whent
hef
our
-el
emen
tmi
xtu
r sused,i
ei tmaybep
repa
redbyadd
ing25% t
o35% cobb
leor
ma
cadamont
hebas
iso
fthemi
xpr
opo
rti
onoft
het
hree
-el
emen
tmi
xtu
re.

d) I
nthec
lays
andmi
xtu
re,t
her
ati
obe
tweenc
layso
ilwi
thah
ighl
iqu
idl
imi
tandt
het
ota
lwe
igh
t
oft
hesandandso
ilshou
ldbe1∶1.

3.
8.7.
6 Theop
timum mo
ist
urecon
ten
toft
hel
imeso
ilandt
het
hree
-el
emen
tmi
xtu
re maybese
-
l
ect
edaccor
dingt
othef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) I
tmaybe20% t
o30% f
ort
hel
imeso
il.

b) I
tmaybe15% t
o20% f
ort
het
hree
-el
emen
tmi
xtu
reandt
hef
our
-el
emen
tmi
xtu
re.

c) I
tshou
ldbecon
tro
lledwi
thi
n ±4% oft
hep
las
ticl
imi
tfort
hep
lai
nso
ilandbu
rnt
-onsandmi
x-
t
ure.

8.3.
7.
7 Thefros
tres
ist
antgradeoft hecementshoul
dnotbelesst
hanF12.Thecementdosage
shou
ldbe8% t
o12% andtheanti
-seepagecoe
ffi
cien
tshou
ldnotbegrea
te han1×10 mm/s.
rt -6

3.
8. 7.
8 Thethi
cknessofthedarkpl
ast
icmembraneshou
ldbe0.
2 mmto0.
6 mm.
Int
heco
ldandse
-
ve
recoldr
egons,t
i hepol
yethy
lenemembranemaybeusedinpr
efeence.
r

3.
8.7.
9 Thet
hicknesso
fthean
ti-
seepages
truc
tur
eoft
hechanne
lshou
ldbede
termi
nedacco
rdi
ng
t
oTab
le22.

Tab
le22 Su
itab
leth
icknessofant
i-seepagest
ructu
reofchanne
l

Ca
tego
ryo
fan
ti-
seepages
truc
tur
e Th
i s(
cknes mm)

C
lay (
tamped) ≥300
So
ilma
ter
ial
L
imeso
ilandt
hree
-el
emen
tmi
xtu
re 100~200

Cemen
tedso
il 60~100

Dr
yla
idcobb
le 100~300

St
oneb
lock
swi
thcemen
tmo
rta
r 200~300
Ma
son
ry
Dr
esseds
tonewi
thcemen
tmo
rta
r 150~250

S
labs
tonewi
thcemen
tmo
rta
r >30

P
las
ticf
ilm 0.
2~0.
6

Bu
riedmemb
ranema
ter
ial Cush
ionl r(
aye c
lay,s
andandl
imeso
il)
30~50
(
pro
tec
tivel
aye
rofso
il be
low memb
ranema
ter
ial
ma
ter
ial) P
rot
ect
ivel
aye
rofso
ilma
ter
ialabove
400~700
memb
rane (
tamped)

Ca
st-
in-p
lace 50~100
B
itumi
nousconc
ret
e
P
reca
st+pav
ing 50~80

141
SHP/TG 002
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2019

Tab
le22 (
con
tinued)

Ca
tego
ryo
fan
ti-
seepages
truc
tur
e Th
i s(
cknes mm)

Ca
st-
in-p
lace (
wit
hou
tre
inf
or t)
cemen 60~120

Ca
st-
in-p
lace (
equ
ippedwi
th
60~100
Conc
ret
e r
ein
for t)
cemen

P
reca
st+pav
ing 40~100

Cons
truc
tionbyi
njec
tionp
roces
s 40~80

8.
4 Channe
lst
ructur
e

4.
8.1 Aqueduct

4.
8.1.
1 Thel
ayou
tofaqueduc
tsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Theaqueduc
tisanopenf lowove r
head wat
erconveyancest
ruc
tur
eo ft
hechannelforcross
ing
ther
ive ,
rd i
t ,
ch channe
lr, oadorlow-
lyi
ngl ,
and andshoul
dcomposedoftheinl
e /
tou t
letcon-
nec
tionsec
tion,aqueduc
tbodyands
truc
tur
alsuppot.
r I
ts wor
kingcond
iti
onsanddes
ignr
e-
qu
iremen
tssha
llmee
tther
equ
iremen
tso
fthe p
lann
inganddes
ign
ing oft
heen
tir
edi
ver
sion
ks.
wor

b) Thelayou
toftheaqueductsha
llbedetermi
nedthroughtechno
-economiccompar
isonacco
rdi
ng
totopogr
aph
ica
landgeologi
calcond
itons,p
i ro
jec
ts cal
eandgene ra
llayou
trequ
iremen
t soft
he
pr
oj t.Thel
ec ayoutoftheaqueductsha
llbeabl
etoshor
tentheaqueduc
tbodyl
eng
th,r
educet
he
amountoffounda
tionengi
neering,andlowerthep
ierbra
ckethei
ght.

c) Theax
isoft
heaqueduc
tsha
llbesho
rtands
tra
i t,t
gh hei
nle
tandou
tle
tsha
llavo
idsha
rpt
urns
andsha
llbel
aidou
tont
heexcava
t l.
edchanne

d) Theaqueduc
tac
rosst
her
ive
rsha
llbea
tas
tab
les
itewi
thas
tra
igh
twa
terf
low.

4.
8.1.
2 St
ruc
tur
alo
fthei
nle
t/ou
tle
tsec
tionssha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thel
ayou
toft
hei
nle
t/ou
tle
tsec
tionssha
llmaket
hechanne
lwa
terf
lowsmoot
hlyi
ntot
heaque
-
duc
ttoavo
idscou
ringandr
educeheadl
oss.

b) Channe
linf
rontofandbehi
ndt
heaqueduc
ti n
letandoutl
etsha
llhaveacer
tai
nlengt
ho fstr
aight
sect
i ,
on wh
ichissmoothl
yconnec
tedtot tbody.
heaqueduc Inthepl
anelayou ,
t shar
pt urns
sha
llbeavo
idedt
opr
even
tde
ter
ior
ati
onoft
hewa
terf
lowcond
iton,wh
i ichwi
lla
ffec
tthenor
-
ma
lwa
terconveyanceandcauset
hes
cou
ringphenomenon.

c) Thet
rans
iti
onsec
tionsshou
ldbea
rrangeda
tthei
nle
tandou
tle
toft t.Thepa
heaqueduc tte
rns
142
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

oft
het
rans
iti
onsec
tionsmayi
ncl
udet
hewa
rpedsu
rface,i
nve
rtedwi
ng wa
llandsp
layedwa
ll.

d) Ther
eli
abl
eri
verbot
tomands
lopep
rot
ect
ionsha
llbea
rrangedi
nthei
nle
tandou
tle
tsec
tion.

4.
8.1.
3 Aqueduc
tbodys
truc
tur
esha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thedep
th-wi
dthr
ati
ooft
hef
lowc
ross
-sec
tionoft
heaqueduc
tshou
ldbeh/B=0.
6t 8.
o0.

b) Thespanandsupport
i ype (
ngt simpl
esupportordoub
lecant
il r)o
eve ftheaqueduc
tshoul
dbe
det
erminedacco
rdi
ngt othef
l ,
ow t opog
raph
ica
land geo
log
icalcond
iti ,
ons andcons
truct
ion
cond
itons.
i

c) Thespano ft
heaqueduc
twitht
hesimplysupport
edbeamshoul
dbe10mto15m;t hel
engthof
eachsec
tionoft
heaqueduc
twithdoub
lecanti
levershou
ldbe20mto30m;acco
rdi
ngtotheac-
tua
lsi t
uaton,t
i heaqueduc
tmaybel a
idou tint
otheaqueduc
twi t
htheequalspananddoubl
e
cant
ilever,theaqueduc
twitht
heequalbendi
ng momen
tandt hedoub
lecan
til
everortheaque
-
duc
twi
tht lspan,unequa
heunequa lbend
ing momen
tanddoub
lecan
til r.
eve

d) Thethi
cknessofthesidewa
llandfl
ooroftheaqueduc
tshal
lmee
tthes
treng
thandan
ti-
cra
ckr
e-
qui
rements,andshal
lbedetermi
nedthroughst
ressanal
yss.
i

● Thes
idewa
llshou
ldbeusedconcu
rren
tlyast
hel
ong
itud
i lbeam,andsha
na llmee
tthel
ong
i-
t
udi
nals
tab
il
ityr
equ
ir t.
emen

● Withrega
rdtother
ectangul
araqueduct wi
thcr
ossbar,t
her a
tiobetweent
hesi
de wal
l
t
h i
cknesstandt
hewallhei tH shou
gh l / /
dbet H =1 12t / ;
o1 16 wit
hr ega
rdt
otheri
bbed
aqueduc
twi t
houtc
rossbar,thewa
llt
hicknessmaybeapp rop
riate
lyreduced,butshoul
dnot
belessthan150mm;wi t
hr ega
rdtotherib-
lessaqueduc
twi thoutc
r ossbar,t
hes ide wa
ll
t
hicknesssha
llbeapp
rop
ria
tel
yinc
reased,shou
ld be va
riab
lebu
tthe wa
llt
op t
hickness
shou
ldno
tbel
esst
han150mm.

● Thet h
icknes
so ftheaqueduc
tfl
oorshoul
dbet hesameastha
tofthes i
dewallbot
tom;wi t
h
rega
rdt otheaqueductwithmul
til
pelong
itud
inalbeam,t
hefloort
hicknessmaybelesst
han
t
het
hicknesso
fthes
idewa
llbot
tom.

● Supp
lemen
tar
yang
leshou
ldbeadd
iti
ona
llyaddeda
tthei
nte
rsec
tionbe
tweent
hes
ide wa
ll
andt
hef
loor.
Thewi
dthandhe
igh
toft
hesupp
lemen
tar
yang
leshou
ldbe200mmt
o300mm.

e) Thespa
cingbe
tweent
hec
ros
sba
rso
fther
ect
angu
laraqueduc
twi
thc
rossba
rshou
ldbe1.
5m
t
o2.
5 mandt
hes
idel
eng
tho
fthec
rosssec
tionshou
ldbeabou
t200mm.

f) Thespa
cingbe
tweent
het
ransve
rser
ibsoft
henon
-ba
rri
bbedaqueduc
tsha
llmee
tther
equ
ire
-
men
tst
hatt
hes
idewa
llandt
heaqueduc
tfl
oorbecometwo
-ways
labs.
143
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

● Ther
atoH/L1 o
i fsi
dewa
llhe
i tH andt
gh hespac
ingi
nte
rva
lofr
ibsL1andt
her
atoB/L1 of
i
aqueduc
tfl
oorwi
dthB andt
hespac
ingi
nte
rva
lofr
ibsL1 shou
ldbe1.
0t 0.
o2.

● Ther
ibwi
dthshou
ldnotbel
esst
hant
het
hicknessoft
hes
idewa
llandt
heaqueduc
tfl
oor,
andt
hene
tth
icknessoft
her
ibshou
ldbeequa
ltoo
rsl
igh
tly mo
ret
hant
her
ibwi
dth.

● I
ft hes
idewallandt
heaqueductfloorneedt
obecomethesuppor
tingpla
t ewithfourf
ixed
,
edges thet
opandbo t
tomthicknessofthesi
dewal
lshou
ldbepa r
tia
llyincr
ea ,
sed andthe
r
igi
dit
yoft
hes
idewa
l op,bo
lt ttomandt
her
ibsha
llbemo
ret
han8t
imest
hes
labr
igi
diy.
t

g) Theextendeds i
dewal
kcant
ilevers
labshou
ldbearrangedonthet
opoft hes
idewa
llofther
ec-
tangu
laraqueductwi
thou
tcros sba ,
r withathi
cknesso f60 mmto100 mmandawidthof700
mmt
o1000 mm.Thes
idewa
lks
labo
ftheaqueduc
t wi
thc
rossba
rshou
ldbep
lacedont
he
c
r r.
ossba

h) Thethi
cknessofthesi
dewa l,t
l het ops
labandt
hef
looro
fthebox
-typeaqueduc
tshou
ldmos
tly
beequal,andshoul
dno tbeles
st han300mm.

i) Thefreeboa
r dofthesi
dewa l
lsha
llbedet
erminedaccor
dingt
ot heflowandtheove
ral
lplann
ing
requ
irements,andshouldbeequa
lt oorsl
igh
tly morethanthefreeboa
rdoftheupst
ream and
downs
treamchanne
ls.

4.
8.1.
4 Hyd
rau
licca
lcu
lat
ionsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thehydrau
licca
lcu
lati
onoft heaqueduc
tshalldet
ermi
nethef l
ow cr
oss-sec
tionshapeandt he
dimens
ionoftheaqueduc
tt,helongi
tudi
nalg
radien
toftheaqueduc
tbott
omandt heeleva
tionof
t
hei
nle
t/ou
tlt,and ve
e rif
y whe
the
rthe headl
oss mee
tst
he p
lann
ing r
equ
iremen
tso
fthe
channe
lsys
tem.

b) Thef
lowc ross
-sec
tiondimensi
onofaqueduc
tshou
ldbedes
ignedinaccor
dancewi t
ht hedes
ign
f
low,checkedinaccordancewitht
hemaximumflowandca
lcul
atedwithhydrau
licformua.
l

c) Whenthelengthoft tL ≥ (
heaqueduc 15to20)h( hre
ferstothe wa
terdep
thint
heaque-
t),t
duc hedimens
ionshou
ldbeca l
cul
atedina
ccor
dancewit
htheopenchanne
lun
ifo
rmflowf
or-
mu
la.WhenL< ( o20)
15t h,t
hed
imens
ion maybeca
lcu
lat
edi
nacco
rdance wi
tht
hef
ormu
la
f
orsubme
rgenceo
ftheb
road
-cr
est
edwe
ir.

d) Whenthel
ong
itud
ina
lg r
adi
entoftheaqueductisde
termi
nedf
irt,
s i
tisadv
isab
let ti=1/
oadop
o1/1500,andf
500t lowveloc
ityintheaqueduc s1m/st
ti o2m/s.

4.
8.2 I
nver
teds
iphon

4.
8.2.
1 Thel
ayou
toft
hei
nve
rteds
iphonsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.
144
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

a) Thei
nve
rteds
iphonshou
ldbecomposedoft
hei
nle
tsec
tion,p
ipebodysec
tionandou
tle
tsec
-
t
ion.
Itswo
rki
ngcond
iti
onsanddes
ignr
equ
iremen
tssha
llmee
tther
equ
iremen
tso
fthep
lann
ing
des
ignf
ort
heen
tir
edi
ver
sionwo
rks.

b) Thepipe
linelayoutsha
llbedetermi
nedt hr
oughtechn
ica
landeconomiccompar
isonaccor
dingt
o
thet
opogr aph
icalandgeol
ogi
calcondi
tions,pro
jectsca
leandgener
allayou
tofwo ks.
r

c) Thepipel
ineshal
lbesel
ectedi
nt heregi
on withexcell
enttopographi
calandgeo
logica
lcondi
-
t
ions,andshal
lbekeptawayfromthelands
lide,co
llapseorareasp r
onetoundergr
ound wat
er
ha
zads.
r

d) Ont
heve
rti
calf
ace,t
hep
ipe
linesha
llavo
idconvexphenomenon.
Ifi
tisimpos
sib
let
oavo
id,a
ven
tva
lvesha
llbea
rrangedont
heapp
rop
ria
tepos
iti
onso
fthep
ipe
line.

e) Thep
ipe
linesha
llbeequ
ippedwi
thf
aci
li
tiessucha
sscou
ring,d
rai
ningandmanua
love
rhau
lfa
-
c
il
it
ies.Thel
ift
ingp
ipesha
lla
lsobel
aidou
ttof
aci
li
tat
ether
emova
lofp
ipej
oin
ts.

f) Thep
ipe
lineandi
nle
t/ou
tle
tsec
tionsshou
ldbel
aidont
heexcava
tedf
ounda
tion.

g) Thecu
rver
adi
uso
fthec
ircu
larp
ipe
lineshou
ldnotbel
esst
han3t
imest
hep
iped
iame
ter.The
l
panecu
rveandt
heve
rti
calcu
rvec
loset
oea
cho
the
rshou
ldbecomb
inedi
ntoat
hree
-dimen
-
s
iona
lcu
rve.Thebendandt
het
rans
iti
onsec
tionc
loset
oeachot
hershou
ldbecomb
inedi
ntoa
t
rans
iti
onbendsec
tion.

h) I
ntheco
ldr
egon,neces
i sa
ryan
ti-
freez
ing mea
sur
essha
llbet
akenaccor
dingt
othean
ti-
freez
ing
des
ignr
equ
iremen
ts.

i) Thebu
ria
ldep
tho
fthebu
riedp
ipesha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

1) The
rma
linsu
lat
ion:t
hep
ipet
opsha
llbea
tleas
t0.
5 mt
o0.
8 mbenea
tht
heso
ill r.
aye

2) An
ti-
freez
ing:t
hep
ipet
opsha
llbea
tleas
t1.
0 mt
o1.
5 mbenea
tht
hel
aye
roff
rozenso
il.

3) An
ti-
scou
ring:t
hep
ipet
opsha
llbea
tleas
t0.
5 mbenea
tht
hescou
ringl
ine.

4) Bu
riedp
ipebenea
thr l:t
oadorchanne hep
ipet
opsha
llbea
tleas
t1.
0 m benea
tht
her
oad
su
rfa
ceo
rchanne
lbo
ttom.

5) P
loughl r:t
aye hepipet
opshal
lbebel
owt hep
loughl r(
aye t
hedep
thoft
het
rac
tor
-pl
oughed
l
poughl
ayershoul
dbe0. 6 mt
o1.0 m).

4.
8.2.
2 Thei
nle
t/ou
tle
tsec
tionss
truc
tur
esha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.
145
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

a) I
nthei
nle
t/ou
tle
tsec
tions,t
hes
truc
tur
esi
ncl
udi
ngt
heg
ritbas
in,sed
imen
tre
tai
nings
il,s
l cou
-
r
ings
luce,wa
i terr
elea
sega
te,con
tro
lga
te,s
til
li
ngbas
in,t
rashr
ack,andbe
ll
-mou
thandt
ran
-
s
iti
onsec
tionsha
llbel
aidou
taccor
dingt
othespec
ifi
ceng
inee
ringr
equ
iremen
ts.

b) Thet
ypeande
leva
tionoft
hes
truc
tur
esa
tthei
nle
t/ou
tle
tsha
llensu
ret
hatt
he wa
terf
lowa
t
t
hep
ipe
linei
nle
tandou
tle
tissubme
rgedf
lowt
opr
even
tthehyd
rau
licj
umpandf
unne
ll
ingvor
-
t
exf
rombe
ingb
rough
tin
tot
hea
irwhenpas
singt
hroughd
iff
eren
tfows.
l Thebounda
rysha
llbe
smoo
tht
oreducet oss.
heheadl

c) Thes
truc
tur
econnec
tionsl
iket
hes
til
li
ngbas
inandt
hecon
tro
lga
temaybea
rrangeda
tthei
nle
t
andou
tlt.
e

4.
8.2.
3 Thes
truc
tur
eoft
hep
ipebodysec
tionsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thedes
igno
fthep
ipebodysec
tioni
ncl
udest
hese
lec
tionoft
hesec
tiona
lpa
tte
rno
fthep
ipe
line
a
swe
llast
hed
imens
ion,quan
tit
yandma
ter
ialoft
hep
ipe
line.

b) Theancho
rbl
ocksha
llbea
rrangeda
tthebendoft
hep
ipe
line.

● Whent
hes
tra
igh
tsec
tiono
fthep
ipe
linei
sre
lat
ive
l ong,t
yl heanchorb
locksshou
ldbea
r-
r
angedeve
ry150mt
o200m.

● Whent
hep
ipe
linei
sla
idou
tont
hes
lope,t
heanchorb
lockssha
llbea
rrangedeve
ry50mt
o
100mt
opr
even
tthep
ipebodys
lid
ing.

● Thespac
ingbe
tweenanchorb
lockssha
llbede
termi
nedt
hroughca
lcu
lat
ioni
naccor
dance
wi
tht
opog
raph
ica
landgeo
log
ica
lcond
itons.
i

c) Theexpans
ion
-subs
idencej
oin
tssha
llbea
rrangedbe
tweent
hep
ipesec
tions.

d) Jo
intt
ypebe
tweenp
ipesec
tions:t
her
ear
ema
inl
yfl
atj
oin
tands
leevej
oin
tforcas
t-i
n-p
lacer
e-
i
nfor
cedconc
ret
eppe,t
i hef
orme
risusedf
ort
hep
ipe
linewi
thr
ela
tive
l owhead;t
yl hesocke
t
andsp
igo
tjo
inti
smos
tlyusedf
orp
recas
tpi
peandp
re-
str
essedp
ipe.

e) Thel
eng
tho
fthecas
t-i
n-l
paceconc
ret
epi
pesec
tionshou
ldbe15mt
o20 m onso
ilf
ounda
tion
andbe10mt
o15monr
ockf
ounda
tion.
Thel
eng
thoft
hep
recas
tconc
ret
epi
pesec
tionshou
ld
bel
esst
han5m.

4.
8.2.
4 Hyd
rau
licca
lcu
lat
ionsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Ma
int
ask
sforhyd
rau
licca
lcu
lat
iono
fthei
nve
rteds
iphon:
146
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

1) t
ode
termi
net
hef
lowc
ros
s-sec
tionoft
hep
ipe
lineandquan
tit
yofp
ipe
line;

2) t
ode
termi
net
hel
ayou
tandd
imens
ionoft
hei
nle
t/ou
tle
tsec
tions,aswe
lla
sthee
leva
tion
a
tva
riouspos
itons;
i

3) t
ove
rif
y whe
the
rthed
ischa
rgecapa
ciy,headl
t ossandwa
tersu
rfaceconnec
tionmee
tthe
des
ignr
equ
iremen
ts.

b) Thef
lowve
loc
ityi
nthei
nve
rteds
iphonsha
llbese
lec
tedt
hrought
echn
ica
landeconomi
ccom-
pa
risonaccor
dingt
othea
llowab
leheadl
ossva
lueandt
her
equ
iremen
tsf
ornos
ilt
ingi
nthep
ipe.

1) Conc
ret
eppe:whent
i hedes
ignf
low pas
sest
hr t,t
oughi heave
ragef
low ve
loc
ityi
nthe
i
ppeshou
l 5 m/st
dbe1. 0 m/sandt
o3. hemaximum ve
loc
ity mayr
each4 m/s;whenthe
min
imumflowve
loci
tyi
scal
cul
atedi
naccor
dancewi
ththeminimumflow,thefl
owveloc
i-
t
yint
hep
ipesha
llbeg
rea
tert
hant
hesed
imen
t-ca
rri
yngf
lowve
loc
ity.

2) St
eelp
ipe:t
hef
lowve
loc
ityshou
l o6m/s.
dbe4m/st

c) Theheadl
ossoft
hei
nve
rteds
iphonsha
lli
ncl
udet
hel
oca
lheadl
ossandt
hef
ric
tiona oss.
lheadl
Theloca
lheadlosssha
lli
ncludet
hel
ossesoccu
rri
nga
tthet
rashr
ack,
inl
et,ga
tes
lot,t
rans
iti
on
sec
ti , ,
on bend pi
pej o
intandtheou
tlt.
e

d) Thewa
terf
lowi
nthei
nve
rteds
iphonsha
llbeca
lcu
lat
edacco
rdi
ngt
othep
ressu
rep
ipef
lowf
or-
mu
la.

e) Thei
nle
tandou
tle
toft
hei
nve
rteds
iphonshou
ldbedes
ignedi
naccor
dance wi
tht
hedes
ign
f
lowandt
hesubme
rgedf
low,andt
hent
hef
oll
owi
ngtwowor
kingcond
iti
onssha
llbeve
rif
ied.

1) Whe
the
rthef
lowa
tthei
nle
tandt
heou
tle
tiss
til
lsubme
rgedwhenpas
singt
hroughmed
i-
umorsma
llf
low.

2) Whe
the
rthewa
terl
eve
lel
eva
tionoft
hei
nle
t/ou
tle
tchanne
lsandt
het
opoft
heembank
-
men
tmee
tthesa
feope
rat
ionr
equ
iremen
tswhent
hef
lowi
sinc
reased.

f) Whent
hef
low ve
loc
itya
tthep
ipe
lineou
tle
tisr
ela
tive
lyh
igh,t
he wa
tersu
rfaceconnec
tion
sha
llbeve
rif
ied whent
hef
lowi
ncr
eases.
Ift
her
eisar
emot
edr
ivet
ypeofwa
te ump,t
rj he
connec
tions
truc
tur
eoft
hes
til
lbas
insha
llbea
rrangeda
ttheou
tlt.
e I
ftheheadd
iff
erencebe
-
tweent
hei
nle
tandou
tle
tchanne
lsi
sgr
eat
ert
hant
het
ota
lheadl
ossoft
hep
ipe
linewhenmed
i-
umo
rsma
llf
low pa
ssest
hr t,t
oughi hewa
tersu
rfacea
tthei
nle
tmaycauset
hehyd
rau
licj
ump
whent
hef
lowd
ropsi
nthep
ipe,
leadt
opu
lsa
tionandae
rat
ion,andi
nfl
uencesa
feope
rat
ion.
In
t
hiscase,t
hei
nle
tandou
tle
tdes
ignsha
llbeco
rrec
teda
ccor
dingt
othet
ota
lheadl
oss.
147
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

4.
8.2.
5 St
ruc
tur
alca
lcu
lat
ionsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thel
oadcomb
ina
tiono
fthes
truc
tur
aldes
ignoft
hei
nve
rteds
iphonsha
llbecomp
rehens
ive
ly
consi
der
eda cco
rdingtotheeng
ineer
inglayoutaswel
lasthe mostdi
sadvan
tageouscond
iti
ons
whichmigh
toccu rdur
ingtheopera
tionperi ,
od asshowni
nTab le23.

Tab
le23 Loadcomb
inat
ionfo
rst
ructur
alca
lcu
lat
ionofp
ipe
line

Ba
sicl
oad Spec
iall
oad Rema
rks

Des

Checki
Coun
ex
i
Fu
Loadcomb

gni

t
l
P

e
lp

Tempe
i

n
n
pe

Se
na

t
So
t
Deadwe

Gr

e
e

Snowl
l

pewa

-
lwa

i
i

smi
na
neType

lp

oundl
na

o
r

lwa
lwa

ceo
r
i

cf
es
na

e
t

u
rp
e

oad
r
i

su
t

oad

o
t
rwe

el
t
gh

fsuppo
i

r
e
e
on

r
r

ce
rp
rp
t

oad
e
es
i

r
su
r
gh

es
es

r
t

su
r
e
su

r
r

e
e

Ba
sic
√ √ √ √ √ √
comb
ina
tion
Exposedpens

Spec
ial
comb
ina
tion √ √ √ √ √ √
(
I)
t

Spec
ial
ock

comb
ina
tion √ √ √ √ √ √ √
(
I)
I

Ba
sic
comb
ina
tion √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
(
I)
Bu
r

Ba
sic
iedp

comb
ina
tion √ √ √ √ √ √ Emp
t i
yppe
ipe

(
I)
I

Spec
ial
√ √ √ √ √ √ √
comb
ina
tion

Ba
sic
Bu

comb
ina
tion √ √ √ √ √ √
ri

(
I)
edp
i

Ba
sic P
ipe
line
pei

comb
ina
tion √ √ √ √ ove
rhau
l
nri

(
I)
ve

I pe
riod
rbed

Spec
ial
√ √ √ √ √ √
comb
ina
tion

b) Thest
ruc
tureoft
herei
nfor
cedconcre
tepipe
linesha l
lbedes
ignedaccor
dingt
ot her
equ
iremen
ts
tha
tnocracki
sal
lowed,andant
i-c
rackandan t
i-seepagemeasu
resshal
lbetaken.
148
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

8.
5 Penstock

5.
8.1 Gene
ralp
rov
isi
ons

5.
8.1.
1 Ther
out
eoft
hepens
tocksha
llmee
tthegene
rall
ayou
trequ
iremen
ts,andsha
llbede
ter
-
mi
nedt
hrought
echn
ica
landeconomi
ccompa
risonwi
thcons
ide
rat
iong
ivent
othet
opog
raph
ica
land
geol
ogicalcond
itions.Therouteshouldbeshor
tands t
rai
ghtsotha
tthewa t
erflowi
ssmooh,t
t he
headlossissmall,andt heconst
ruct
ionandopera
tionaresa
feandconven
ient.

5.
8.1.
2 Thequan
tit
yofpens
tockssha
llbede
termi
nedt
hrought
echn
ica
landeconomi
ccompa
rison
acco
rdi
ngt
othenumbe
rofun
its,l
eng
thoft
hep
ipe
line,i
nst
all
ati
ons
tagesoft
heun
its,f
abr
ica
tion
andi
nst
all
ati
onl l,t
eve ranspor
tat
ioncond
itons,t
i opog
raph
ica
landgeo
log
ica
lcond
itons,ope
i rat
iona
l
modeo
fthehyd
ropowe
rst
ati
onandi
tspos
iti
oni
nthee
lec
tri
calpowe
rsys
tem.

5.
8.1.
3 Thep
iped
iame
tersha
llbede
termi
nedt
hrought
echn
ica
landeconomi
ccompa
rison.Seve
ral
i
pped
iame
ter
smaybep
rov
ideda
ccor
dingt
othel
ayou
tandt
hei
nne
rpr
essu
reva
ria
tion.
Butt
hed
i-
ame
ter
sshou
ldno
tva
r oomuch.
yt

5.
8.1.
4 Thet
opo
fthepens
tocksha
llbea
tleas
t2mbe
lowt
hemi
nimum p
res
sur
elne.
i

5.
8.1.
5 Wi
thr
ega
rdt
otheexposedpens
tock,pens
tocki
ndamandunde
rgr
oundpens
tockwi
thou
t
wa
teri
ntakeva
lvei
nfr
ontoft
het
urb
ine,t
hef
astga
teva
lveandnecess
aryove
rhau
lfa
cil
it
iessha
ll
bea
rrangeda
ttheheadendo
fthepens
tock.Wi
thr
ega
rdt
otheunde
rgr
oundpens
tock,t
heeme
rgen
-
cygatevalvesha
llbea
rrangeda
ttheheadendi
ftheheadra
cef r
omthewaterinta
ketothepens
tock
isr
ela
tive
lyl ,
ong thepressu
rei
nthepenst
ockisre
lat
ive
lyh i
ghandthebu
rialdepthi
snotdeep.

5.
8.1.
6 Theove
rfl
ow p
rot
ect
iondev
iceshou
ldbea
rrangedf
ort
hepens
tock.

5.
8. 1.
7 Thef
astga
teva
lveoreme
rgencyga
teva
lvea
ttheheadendoft
he pens
tocksha
llbe
equ
ippedwi
thr
emoe(
t cen
tra
lcon
tro
lroom)andl
oca
lope
rat
iondev
iceswh
ichsha
llhavear
eli
abl
e
powe
rsupp
ly.

5.
8.1.
8 Theven
tho
le (we
ll)orven
tva
lvesha
llbea
rrangedont
hedowns
treams
idec
loset
othe
f
astga
teva
lveandt
heeme
rgencyga
teva
lve,andt
heven
tho
lesha
llnotbeb
lockedbyt
heou
tle
t
wa
terf
lowoft
hef
il
li
ngva
lve.Theuppe
rendo
ftheven
tho
leshou
ldbeou
tsi
det
heho
istr
oomand
h
ighe
rthant
hecheckf
loodl l.
eve

5.
8.1.
9 Thecu
rver
adi
uso
fthepens
tockshou
ldnotbel
esst
han3t
imest
hep
iped
iame
ter.The
pl
anecurveand ve
rti
calcurvecl
oseto each ot
hershoul
d becombi
nedint
oat h
ree-dimens
ional
curve;t
hebendandthereduci
ngpipec
losetoea chot
hershou
ldbecombi
nedin
toareducingbend.
149
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

5.
8.1.
10 Thed
rai
nagef
aci
li
tyshou
ldbea
rrangeda
tthel
owes
tpo
intoft
hepens
tock.

5.
8.1.
11 Thecompos
iti
onoft
hepens
tockshou
ldmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons.
i

a) I
nadd
iti
ont
othes
truc
tur
alana
lys
isr
equ
ir t,t
emen hemi
nimumt
hickness(
inc
lud
ingt
hicknes
sof
t
hean
ti-
cor
ros
ionl r)o
aye ft
hep
ipewa
llsha
llno
ton
ly mee
tther
equ
iremen
tso
fst
ruc
tur
alana
l-
ys
is,bu
tal
sot
akei
ntoaccoun
tther
equ
iremen
tsoft
hemanu
fac
tur
ingp
rocess,i
nst
all
ati
onand
t
ranspor
tat
iont
oensu
ret
heneces
sar
yri
gid
ity.Themi
nimumt
hicknessoft
hep
ipewa
llshou
ld
notbel
es han (
st D/800)+4mm (
Dre
fer
stot
hep
iped
iame
ter,i
nmm)norl
esst
han6mm.

b) Ont
hepos
iti
onwi
thchangei
nthep
ipewa
llt
hickness,t
heou
terd
iame
teroft
heexposedpen
-
s
tockshou
ldr
ema
inunchanged,t
hei
nne
rdi
ame
teroft
hebu
ried pens
tockshou
ldr
ema
inun
-
changedandt
het
hicknessd
iff
erenceoft
hep
ipewa
llshou
ldbe2mm.Whens
tee
lpl
ateso
fdi
f-
f
eren
tth
icknes
sesa
rewe
lded,t
heconnec
tionoft
het
hicke
rpl
atesha
llbep
rocessedi
ntoa1∶3
s
lopei
fthet
hicknes
sdi
ffe
rencei
smor
ethan4mm.

c) Thespac
ingbe
tweenc
ircumf
eren
tia
lwe
ldsont
hes
tra
igh
tpi
pesha
llnotbel
esst
han0.
5 m.
The
spec
ials
truc
tur
esl
iket
heb
ranchp
ipesha
llnotbel
esst
hant
heh
ighva
luesasf
olows:
l

1) 10t
imest
hep
ipewa
llt
hickness;

2) 0.
3 m;

3) 3. t ,rr
5 r efe
rst
othep
iper
adusandtr
i efe
rst
othep
ipewa
llt
hi s.
cknes

d) Thebendang
lebe
tweent
head
jacen
tpi
pesec
tionso
fthebendsec
tionshou
ldbel
esst °.
han10

e) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
other
educ
ingcon
ica
ltubea
tthepos
iti
onwi
tht
hechangei
ndi
ame
ter,t
hecone
-a-
pexang
leshou
ldno
tbeg
rea
tert °.
han7

5.
8.2 Exposedpenstock

5.
8.2.
1 Thel
ayou
tpr
inc
ipl
esf
ort
heexposedpens
tocki
ncl
udet
hef
oll ng.
owi

a) Ther
out
eoft
heexposedpens
tocksha
llbekep
tawayf
romt
hea
reaswhe
ret
hel
ands
lideorco
l-
l r.
apsemayoccu Ift
hei
ndi
vidualp
ipesect
ionmaynotavo i
dtheinf
luenceoftor
renti
alf
loodi
ng
andfal
li
ngr ,
ock i
tmaybesolvedbytheexposedpens
tockinthet
unne ,
l unde
rgroundpenst
ock
orbu
riedpens
tockwi
thconc
ret
ewr
app
ing.

b) Theeme
rgencyd
rai
nageandan
ti-
scou
rfac
il
it
iessha
llbei
nst
aled.
l
150
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

c) Thebot
tomo
ftheexposedpens
tocksha
llbea
tleas
t0.
6 mabovet
heg
roundsu
rface.

d) Theexposedpens
tockshou
ldbemadei n
tosec
tions.
Theanchorbl
ockshou
ldbea r
rangedatthe
bend,amongtheblock
sthepens
tocki
ssuppor
tedwiththebutt
ress.
Theexpans
ionjointshou
ld
bea
rrangedbe
tweentwoanchorb
locks,andt
heexpans
ionj
oin
tshou
ldbeont
hedowns
tream
s
ideoft
heancho
rbock.
l

e) I
fthes
tra
igh
tpi
pesec
tioni
st ong (
ool abou
tmor
ethan150 m),t
heanchorb
locksmaybea
r-
rangedalongthestr
aigh
tpipesec
tion.
Ifthelongit
udi
nalgradi
entofthepenst
ocki
srela
tive
ly
gentl ,
et heancho
rblocksmaynotbenecess
ar ,
y bu ttheexpansi
onjo
intshou
ldbearr
angedin
t
hemi
ddl
eoft
hissec
tion.
Thef
lex
ibl
ecush
ionr
ingshou
ldbea
rrangeda
tthepos
iti
onwhe
ret
he
pens
tockpa
ssest
hrought
heups
tream wa
lloft
hema
inpowe
rhouse.

f) Thespa
cingbetweensuppor
t ssha
llbedetermi
nedthroughstr
essana l
ysi
so fthepenstockand
wit
hconside
rat
iongiventotheins
tal
lat
ioncond
itons,suppor
i tt ypesandfoundat
ioncondit
ions.
Thesuppor
tsshou
ldbel
aidou
tatequa
lin
terva
lsbe
tweentwoad
jacen
tanchorb
l s.The
ock
spa
cingshou
ldbeshor
tenedf
ort
hespanwi
tht
heexpans
ionj
oit.
n Thecor
respond
ings
truc
tur
al
mea
sur
essha
llbet
akeni
fthef
ounda
tionmayp
roduceunevense
ttl t.
emen

g) Thet
ypeo
fbu
ttr
essmaybede
termi
nedacco
rdi
ngt
othep
iped
iame
terD :

1) sadd
lebu
ttr
ess,i
fD ≤1mandt
hepens
tocki
snotequ
ippedwi
thsuppor
tingr
ing;

2) sadd
lebu
ttr
ess,i
fD ≤2mandt
hepens
tocki
sequ
ippedwi
thsuppo
rti
ngr
ing;

3) l
idi
ngbu
ttr
ess,i
fD =1mt
o3mandt
hepens
tocki
sequ
ippedwi
thsuppor
tingr
ing;

4) r
oll
ingbu
ttr
ess,i
fD >2m;

5) swi
ngi
ngbu
ttr
ess,i
fD >2m.

h) Thespa
cingofbot
htheanchorb
locksandt
hebu
ttr
essesshou
ldbesho
rtenedi
ntheea
rthquake
r
egons.
i

i) Thed
rai
naged
itchessha
llbel
aidou
tonbot
hsi
desoft
hepens
tock,andt
het
ransve
rsed
rai
nage
d
itchessha
llbea
rrangedont
heg
roundbenea
tht
hepens
tock.
Theaccesssha
llbebu
ilta
longt
he
i
ppe
line.

5.
8.2.
2 Ther
equ
iremen
tsf
ort
hes
truc
tur
alca
lcu
lat
iono
ftheexposedpens
tocki
ncl
udet
hef
oll
ow-
ng.
i

a) Thest
ruc
turalcal
cul
ati
ono ft
heexposedpenstocki
ncl
udesthecal
cul
ati
onofthep
ipewa
lls
tress
andt
hecalcu
lati
ono fthecompr
essi
ver es
ist
ancestab
ili
ty,asshowninTabl
e24.
151
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

Tab
le24 Loadcomb
inat
ionforst
ructur
alca
lcu
lat
ionoftheexposedpenstock

Ba
siccomb
ina
tion Spec
ialcomb
ina
tion
Loadcomb
ina
tion

No
No

Spec
Emp
rma
rma

Cons

Ea
Wa
i
lope

r
a
lope

t
lope
y wo

hqua
e

r
rp

uc
r
r

t
r
a

r
a

kecond
k
t

es
t

oncond
i

t
i

ngcond

ngcond

i
ngcond

su
ngcond

r
et

it
i
es

i
t
i

on
i

i
t

on
t
i

t
i

onI

on

i
onI
Load

on
I
Hyd
ros
tat
icp
res
sur
eatno
rma
lrese
rvo
irl
eve
l √

Max
imum p
res
sur
eunde
rno
rma
l
√
wo
rki
ngcond
iti
ons

Max
imum p
res
sur
eunde
rmax
imum
√
wo
rki
ngcond
iti
ons

I
nte
rna
lwa
terp
res
sur
efo
rwa
terp
res
sur
etes
t √

Deadwe
igh
toft
hepens
tocks
truc
tur
e √ √ √ √ √ √

Fu
llwa
terwe
igh
tint
hepens
tock √ √ √ √

Pa
rti
alwa
terwe
igh
tint
hep
ipewhent
he
√
pens
tocki
sfi
ll
edo
rdr
ained

Fo
rcecausedbyt
empe
rat
urechange √ √ √ √

Wa
terp
res
sur
eac
tingont
hepos
iti
onwi
tht
he
changei
nthep
ipe
lined
iame
ter,t
urnsandon √ √ √ √
t
hep
lug,ga
teva
lveandexpans
ioncoup
ling

Fo
rcecausedbyt
heunevense
ttl
emen
t
√ √ √
o
ftheancho
rbl
ockandbu
ttr
ess

Wi
ndl
oad √ √

Snowl
oad √ √

Cons
truc
tionl
oad √

Ea
rthqua
kel
oad √

Ai
rpr
essu
red
iff
erencecausedbyt
he
ven
til
ati
onequ
ipmen
twhent
hep
ipe
line √
i
semp
ty

b) Whentheinnerpr
essu
reisbornebythepens
tockwit
hsuppor
tingr
ing,it
sba s
iccal
cul
ationpo-
s
iti
onsinc
ludethemid- ,
span theedgeofthestr
essareaonthepipe wa
llnearthesupport
ing
r
ing,t
hes
tif
fen
ingr
ingandi
tsbypa
ssp
ipe wa
lla
s we
llast
hesuppo
rti
ngr
ingandi
tsbypass
i
ppewa
ll.

c) Thesuppo
rti
ngpa
tte
rnoft
hesuppor
tingr
ingsha
llbese
lec
tedi
ncomb
ina
tionwi
tht
het
echn
ica
l
152
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

andeconomi
ccond
iti
onsoft
heen
tir
epi
pel
inep
roec
j t,and maybel
ate
ralsuppor
tingo
rlowe
r
suppor
ting.

d) Thefounda
tiono
ft heanchorsuppor
tandbu t
tressoftheexposedpens
tocksha
llbeso
lidand
st
abe,andshou
l ldbearrangedontherockf
oundation.

● Themax
imum va
luef
ort
hef
ounda
tions
tresssha
llnotbe mor
ethant
hea
llowab
lebea
ring
capac
ityoft
hef
ounda
tion.

● Thes
izeoft
hebu
ttr
essbodysha
llbehe
lpf
ult
odi
str
ibu
tet
hef
ounda
tions
tres
sun
ifo y.
rml

● I
nadd
iti
ont
othebea
ringcapac
ityands
tab
il
ityr
equ
iremen
ts,t
hei
nfl
uenceo
funevense
ttl
e-
men
toft
hef
ounda
tionont
hei
nne
rpr
essu
reoft
hepens
tocksha
llbes
tud
iedi
fthesuppor
ts
andp
ier
sar
epl
aceonso
ilo
rsemi
-rockf
ounda
tion.

5.
8.3 Unde
rgr
oundpenstock

5.
8.3.
1 Theunde
rgr
oundpens
tocksha
llbel
aidou
tinl
inewi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) Ther ou
t eoftheunderr
goundpens t
ockshouldbesel
ect
edint
heregi
on wi
thexce
llen
tt opo-
graph
icalandgeol
ogi
calcondi
tions,andsha
llbekep
tawayfr
omthesect
ionwit
hver
yh ighrock
pressu
re,g r
oundwat
erp
r essu
reand wa t
erin
flow.Theunder
g roundpenst
ockshou
ldbeburi
ed
deepl ;
yt heover
bur
denrockthicknessmaybedete
rminedi
na ccordancewitht
heFormu
la 28).
(

b) Si
nglepi
pe with mul
til
peunits wate
rsuppl
yshou
ldbeusedforunder
groundpens
tock.
Ifthe
i
ppel
inei
srela
tivelyshor ,
tt he wa
terin
takevo
lumei
srel
ati
vel
ylar ,
ge thenumberofuni
tsis
l
arge,thetimeint
erva
lisre
lati
velyl
ongortheeng
ineer
inggeol
ogica
lcondi
tionsar
eno tsui
table
forexcava
tingt
hecave r
n wit
hl a
rgesec
tion,twoo rm o
re i
ppel
ines may beadopt
e dth
ro ugh
t
echnica
landeconomiccompar
ison;t
hespac
ingbetweentwoad jacen
tpipe
linessha
llbede
ter-
mined wit
h cons
ide
rat
ion g
ivent othei
nfl
uence o
ft he excava
tion b
las
ting,and therock
s
treng
thsha
lla
lsobeve
rif
ied.

c) Theshafttype (
hor
izon
taltunnel,
incl
inedshaf
tandve r
tica
lshaft)andtheg r
adi
entsha
llbese-
l
ectedacco
r di
ngtothelayoutrequi
rements,engi
nee
ringgeo l
ogi
calcond
i t
ionsandconst
ruct
ion
cond
itons.
i

d) Thed
rai
nagemea
suresshoul
dbet akenintheregi
onwi threl
ative
lyh
ighgr
oundwa
te rp
ressue.
r
Thed
rai
nagemeasu
res mayinc
ludet hedr
ainagetunne
ld, r
ainageho
leanddra
inpipesystem,
andsha
llbecomb
ined wi
tht
heg
rou
tingcu
rta
in.Thed
rai
nage mea
sur
essha
llber
eli
abe,and
l
shou
ldbema
int
ainab
le.Thel
ong
-te
rmobse
rva
tionwe
llormanome
tersha
llbel
aidou
ttomon
i-
t
ort
hechangesi
ngr
oundwa
terl l.
eve

5.
8.3.
2 Ther
equ
iremen
tsf
ors
truc
tur
alca
lcu
lat
iono
ftheunde
rgr
oundpen
stoc
kin
cludet
hef
oll ng.
owi
153
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

a) I
nthes
truc
tur
alana
lys
iso
ftheunde
rgr
ound pens
tock,t
hei
nte
rna
lwa
terp
ressu
resha
llbe
o
jin
tlybor
nebyt
hepens
tock,t
heconc
ret
eli
ni ock,andt
ngandr hef
issu
resex
ist
ingbe
tween
andamongt
hemsha
llbecons
ide
red.

b) Theconc
ret
eli
ningsha
llbea
rther
ockp
ressu
reandt
rans
fert
hee
las
ticr
esi
stanceo
fthesu
r-
r
ound
i ock.Thepens
ngr tocksha
llbea
ral
ltheext
erna
lwa
terp
res
sur
eandnega
tivep
ressu
re.

c) The s
truc
tur
alana
lys
is oft
he unde
rgr
ound pens
tock may be de
termi
ned acco
rdi
ng t
othe
Tab
le25.

Tab
le25 Loadcomb
inat
ionforst
ructu
ralca
lcu
lat
ionoftheunde
rgr
oundpenstock

Ba
siccomb
ina
tion Spec
ialcomb
ina
tion
Loadcomb
ina
tion
No
rma
l Emp
ty Spec
ial
Cons
truc
tion
ope
rat
ing wo
rki
ng ope
rat
ing
cond
iti
on
Load cond
iti
on cond
iti
on cond
iti
on
Max
imum p
res
sur
eunde
rno
rma
l
√
wo
rki
ngcond
iti
on

Max
imum p
res
sur
eunde
rspec
ial
√
wo
rki
ngcond
iti
on

Gr
oundwa
terp
res
sur
e √

Ai
rpr
essu
red
iff
erencecausedby
ven
til
ati
onequ
ipmen
twhent
he √
i
ppe
linei
semp
ty

Cons
truc
ti oad:g
onl rou
tingp
res
sur
e
√
o
rnon
-ha
rdenedconc
ret
epr
essu
re

d) Theunde
rgr
oundpens
tocksha
llt
akef
ulladvan
tageo
fthebea
ringcapac
ityoft
hesu
rround
ing
ock.Theeng
r inee
ringgeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onssha
llbesu
ffi
cien
tlys
tud
iedt
ode
termi
net
hebea
ring
capa
cit
yoft
hepens
tock.

e) Foronesec
tionoft
hes
tee
lpi
pel
ini
ngnea
rtheups
treams
ideoft
hepowe
rhouse,t
heun
ite
las
-
t
icr
esi
stancecoe
ffi
cien
toft
hesu
rround
ingr
ocksha
llbeapp
rop
ria
tel
yreduced.

f) Theg
roundwa
terp
res
sur
ebor
nebyt
heunde
rgr
oundpens
tockmaybede
termi
nedacco
rdi
ngt
o
t
heexp
lor
ati
onda
taand wi
thcons
ide
rat
iong
ivent
other
ese
rvo
ir wa
terf
il
li
ngandd
ive
rsi
on
sys
temseepage.

g) Theconnec
torofthes t
eelpi
peconnectedt
ot her e
inf
orcedconc
ret
elin
ingsha
llbeproper
ly
t
reaed.
t Intheca
lcu
lat
ion,thepos
sib
il
ityofinc
reasedgroundwa
terpr
essu
reduetothel
eakage
f
romt
heconc
ret
ecr
ackssha
llbet
akeni
nt t.
oaccoun

154
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

5.
8.4 Penstockembeddedi
nthedam

5.
8.4.
1 Thepens
tockembeddedi
nthedamsha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) Theplanepos
iti
ono ft
hepens t
ockshou
ldbeinthecent
reoft
hedamsecton,andi
i tsd
iamet
er
shou
ldnotbeg rea
terthan1/3ofthedamsec
tionwidh.Whenl
t ay
ingou
tthepensock,t
t hei
n-
f
luenceso
fpens
tockondambodys
tab
il
ityands
tres
saswe
llast
hei
nte
rfe
renceofcons
truc
tion
sha
llbecons
ide
red.

b) Theven
tho
lesha
llbel
aidou
ttop
reven
ttheove
rfl
ow oft
hep
ipeor
ifi
cef
romi
nfl
uenc
ingt
he
no
rma
lope
rat
ionoft
hee
lec
tri
calequ
ipmen
tbeh
indt
hedam.

c) Theinl
eto
fthepens
tocksha
llbeequi
ppedwit
hawa terf
il
li
ngvalveorabypasspipetof
il
lthe
watr,andsu
e r
facea
reaofthefi
ll
ingval
veandthebypasspipeshou
ldbelessthan1/5ofthe
su
rfacea
reaoft
heven
tho
le.

5.
8.4.
2 Thes
truc
tur
eoft
hepens
tockembeddedi
nthedamsha
llbeana
lysedi
nli
newi
tht
hef
oll
ow-
i
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) I
ft he mi
nimum thickness oft
he su
rround
ing conc
retei
s mo r
et han the d
iamet
ero fthe
pensock,t
t hepens
tocki nthedamshallbedeemedt obethe mu
lti
-laye
redpipecomposedof
t
hepens
tock,t
her
ein
for
cemen
tandt
heconc
ret
etoj
oin
tlybea
rthei
nte
rna
lwa
terp
ressu
re,
andt
hei
nfl
uenceo
fcr
acksbe
tweent
hepens
tockandt
heconc
ret
easwe
llast
hec
racksoft
he
conc
ret
esha
llbecons
ide
red.

b) I
ft hemin
imumthi
cknessofthesurr
oundi
ngconc
reteisbetweent
heradiusandt
hed
iame
terof
thepens
t ,
ock whe
thertoconside
rjoin
tbear
ingcapac
ityshal
lbever
ifed.
i

c) I
fthemi
nimumt
hicknes
soft
hesu
rround
ingconc
ret
eisl
esst
hant
her
adi
usoft
hepens
tock,
t
hepens
tockshou
ldbea
rthel
oadsepa
rat
ely.

d) Thepens
tockequ
ipped wi
thane
las
ticcush
ionl
aye
rmaybedes
ignedi
naccor
dance wi
tht
he
exposedpens
tock.

e) Al
lext
erna
lpres
sur
eshallbeconside
redtobebornebythepens
tock.
Theseepagewa
terp r
es-
su
reofthedambody maybea ssumedtovaryl
inear
lya
longthepens
tockaxi ,
s andthe mini
-
mumex
ter
nalp
ressu
reshou
ldnotbel
esst 2 MPa.
han0.

5.
8.5 Stee
lbi
fur
catedp
ipe

5.
8.5.
1 Theb
ifu
rca
tedp
ipesha
llbedes
ignedi
nli
newi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) Thes
truc
tur
esha
llber
easonab
le,andt
hes
tressconcen
tra
tionandde
forma
tiongene
rat
edsha
ll
155
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

no
tbet
oog
r t.
ea

b) Thewa terf
lowsha
llbesmooth,theheadlos
sshal
lbelow,andt hevort
exandv
ibr
ati
onsha
ll
bereduced.Af
terb
ifur
cat
ion,thefl
owve l
oci
tyshoul
dinc
reaseg
radual
ly.

c) I
tsha
llbeconven
ien
tforf
abr
ica
tion,t
ranspor
tat
ionandi
nst
all
aton.
i

5.
8.5.
2 Thes
truc
tur
eoft
heb
ifu
rca
tedp
ipesha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thetypeofthebifu
rca
tedpipeshal
lbese l
ect
edt hr
oughtechn
icalandeconomiccompar
ison,
tak
ingin
toaccoun
tthecostoffab
rica
tionandciv
ilengi
nee
ring,headloss,i
nte
rnalwat
erpres-
su
re,d
imens
ionands
tres
scond
iti
onsoft
heb
ifu
rca
tedp
ipe,
layou
ttypeandcons
truc
tionexpe
-
r
ience.

b) Thecen
tre
linesoft
he ma
inp
ipeandb
ranchp
ipeo
ftheb
ifu
rca
tedp
ipeshou
ldbel
aidont
he
s
amep
lane.

c) Thet
ypi
call
ayou
toft
heb
ifu
rca
tedp
ipei
ncl
udesasymme
tri
cal
lyb
ranch
-shaped,symme
tri
cal
ly
Y-
shapedort
hree
-br
anch
-shaped.

5.
8.6 Hyd
rau
licca
lcu
lat
ion

5.
8.6.
1 Thehyd
rau
licca
lcu
lat
ionoft
hepens
tocksha
lli
ncl
udet
heca
lcu
lat
ionoft
heheadl
ossand
wa
te r.
rhamme

5.
8.6.2 Thecalcu
lationresu
ltsoft
heheadlossshal
linc
lude:themaximum pres
sur
eli
neundernor
-
malwor
kingcondi
ti ,
ons max imumpressu
rel
ineunderspec
ialwork
ingcond
iti
onsandminimumpres
-
su
rel
ine.

5.
8.6.
3 Theca
lcu
lat
iono
fthewa
terhamme
rsha
llbepe
rformedi
ncoor
dina
tionwi
tht
heca
lcu
lat
ion
oft
her
ota
tionspeedchangesoft
heun
it.
Theca
lcu
lat
ioncond
iti
onssha
llbede
termi
nedaccor
dingt
o
t
heope
rat
ings
itua
tionoft
hehyd
ropowe
rst
ati
onandt
hee
lec
tri
cpowe
rsys
tem.

5.
8.6.
4 Theadop
tedva
lueoft
hep
ressu
rer
isea
tthet
ailendoft
hepens
tocksha
llno
tbel
esst
han
10% oft
hehyd
ros
tat
icp
ressu
rei
nthepens
tocka
tthenorma
lrese
rvo
irl l.
eve

5.
8.6.
5 Thep
rel
imi
nar
yca
lcu
lat
iono
fthewa
terhamme
rpr
essu
remaybepe
rformedunde
rthef
ol-
l
owi
ng wo
rki
ngcond
itons.
i

a) Ca
lcu
lat
ionofmax
imum p
res
sur
eunde
rno
rma
lwo
rki
ngcond
iton:
i

● forthe wat
erhammerf
r omthepensock,i
t tcorr
espondst
ot henorma
lleveloftherese
r-
voir,andoccu
rswhena
llthel
oadsofal
ltheun
itstowh i
chthewate
rissupp
liedbyth
ispen-
156
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

s
tocka
resudden
lyabandoned.

● formaximumsurgeofthesu
rgechamberorfo
rebay,i
tcorr
espondstothenormalr
eservo
ir
l
eveloftherese
rvor,andoccu
i rs whenal
ltheloadsofa
lltheunit
st o wh
ichthe wa
teris
supp
liedbyt
hissu
rgechambe
rorf
orebaya
resudden
lyabandoned.

● i
fthewaterhammerfromthepenstockmaybeoverl
appedwiththesu
rgeofthesurgecham-
berorf
or ,
ebay thee
ffectaf
tertheyencoun
tereachothershal
lbeconsi
deed.
r I
fitcanbe
seenfromt
hes t
udyoftheope
rat
iona
lsitua
tiono fthehyd
ropowersta
tiont
hatallt
heloads
canno
tbeabandoneda
tthesamet ,
ime thecalcu
lati
onmaybepe r
formedinaccor
dancewith
t
heabandonedpor
tionoft oad.
hel

b) Ca
lcu
lat
iono
fmax
imum p
res
sur
eunde
rthespec
ialwo
rki
ngcond
iton:t
i hes
itua
tioni
sidem,bu
t
t
her
ese
rvo
irl
eve
lre
fer
stot
hemax
imum wa
terl
eve
lforpowe
rgene
rat
ion.

c) Ca
lcul
ati
onofmin
imum pressure:t
hewat
erhammerfr
omthepens
tockcor
respondstothedead
wate
rlevelo
ftherese
rvo
i r,andoccu
rswhena
llbu
toneuni
ttowh i
chthewaterissuppl
iedby
th
ispens
tocka
rer
unn
ingatful
lload,andtheuni
twi
thou
tloadgoesf
romidl
ingtorunn
inga
tfu
ll
oad.
l I
fthesys
temhasspec
ialopera
tionr
equir
emen
ts,theloadi
ncr
easeampl
itudemaybede-
t
ermi
neda
ccor
dingt
othespec
ifi
csi
tua
tion.

8.
6 Des
ilt
ingbas
in

6.
8.1 Gene
ralp
rov
isi
ons

8.6.
1.
1 Thesetupofthedes
ilt
ingbas
insha
llbedesi
gnedforopera
tion,andsha
llbecons
isten
twit
h
theope
rat
iono
ft hepr
o ec
j ,
t andsha
llbedete
rminedaft
ertechn
icalandeconomiccompar
ison.

6.
8. 1.
2 Thesuspendedsed
imen
tcon
t t,sed
en imen
tpa
rti
cles
ized
ist
ribu
tionandha
rdnes
sda
ta
mea
sur
edsha
llbeco
llec
tedi
nther
eachwhe
ret
hep
roec
j ti
sloca
ted.

6.
8.1.
3 Wea
rres
ist
anceandan
ti-wea
rmeasu
resoft
het
urb
ineove
rfl
ow pa
rts,ove
rhau
lin
ter
valof
t
het
urb
ineandwo
rki
ngheado
fthet
urb
inesha
llbeco
llec
ted.

6.
8.2 Layoutpr
inc
ipl
eofthedes
ilt
ingbas
in

6.
8.2.1 Thelocat
ionoft
hedes i
lt
ingbas
inshallbead
jacen
ttothein
leto
ft hefi
rsti
ntakest
ructu
re.
Whenthetopogr
aphi
ccondi
tionsortheflush
ingheadcannotmeettherequi
rement ,
s t hedes
il
ting
bas
inmaybemoveddownt
otheapp
rop
ria
tel
oca
tiona
longt
hed
ive
rsi l.
onchanne Thedes
il
tingbas
in
sha
llbearrangedwit
hreasonabl
euseo fthetopographi
candgeolog
icalcond
iti
onst
oavo
idt
hebad
sec
tions.Otherwi ,
se cor
respondingeng
inee
ring measu
ressha
llbetaken.

6.
8.2.
2 Hyd
rau
licf
lush
ingdes
il
tingbas
inshou
ldbeadop
tedi
nthehyd
ropowe
rst
atons.
i Thehyd
rau
-
157
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

l
icf
lush
ingdesi
lt
ingbasi
nshal
lhavesuff
icien
twaterheadandflow.I
fthet
err
ainiswide,thedes
ilt
-
i
ngbasi
nshal
lbet her
egula
rfl
ushingdes
ilt
ingbas
in;Ifthete
rra
inisnar
row,thedes
il
tingbasi
nshal
l
bet
hecon
tinuousf
lush
ingdes
il
tingbas
in.

6.
8. 2.
3 Theaxiso
ft hedesi
lt
ingbas
inshou
ldbecoi
nci
den
twit
ht heax
isofthedive
rsi
onchanne
l
be
forethei
nle
tofthedesi
lt
ingbas
in.Whenthe
rei
sanange,mea
l sur
essha
llbet
akentoensu
rethe
un
ifo
rmd
ist
ribu
tiono
fthef
lowspeedandf
lowd
irec
tioni
nthewo
rki
ngsec
tionoft
hedes
ilt
ingba
-
s
in.

6.
8.2.
4 Thel
ayou
trequ
iremen
tsoft
heups
treamconnec
tionsec
tionoft
hedes
il
tingbas
ina
reasf
ol-
ows.
l

a) Thesymme
tri
cdi
ffus
ionpa
tte
rnshou
ldbeadop
tedi
nthep
lanel
ayou
toft
hed
iff
usi
onsec
tion,
andt
heun
ila
ter
ald
iff
usi
onang
lesha
llnotbeg
rea
tert °.
han12 Thesumo
fthed
iff
usi
veang
leon
bot
hsi
desshou
ldno
tbeg
rea
tert
han24
°wi
tht
heasymme
tri
cdi
ffus
ionpa
tte
rn.The
resha
llbe
nof
all
ing
-si
lla
ttheconnec
tionbe
tweent
hebot
tom p
lat
eoft
hesec
tionandt
hebot
tom o
fthe
wor
kingsec
ti l.
onpoo

b) Waterdi
str
ibu
tionpie
rsoro t
he rr
ect
ifi
yngfac
il
it
iessha
llbeins
tal
ledwi
thi
nt heconnect
ionsec
-
tion,andit
slocat
ion,dimensionanddi
rect
ionshal
lbedetermi
nedbyhydrau
licmode lt
est.

c) Regu
larf
lush
ingdesi
lt
ingbas
insha
llbeequi
ppedwiththepoolchamberi
nletgate.Wher
ethere
i
sasou r
ceo ,
fsewage thetra
shrackandthec
lean
ingfac
il
it
iesshal
lbei ns
tal
ledatthein
take
gate.Thes
il
lo fthein
takegat
esha l
lbeleve
lwi t
horsl
igh
tlyhigherthantheupstr
eam bot
tom
pl
ate.Thesizeoftheint
akegatesha
llmeetthel
ayou
tandoper
ationalrequ
iremen
tso ft
hegate,
ho
ist,t
rashr
ackandc
lean
ingf
aci
li
ties.

d) Rowspac
ing,g
ridspac
ingorl
ayou
toft
he wa
terd
ist
ribu
tionp
ier
soft
her
ect
ifi
erg
ridbeh
ind
t
hei
ntakega
tesha
llbede
termi
nedaccor
dingt
othehyd
rau
licmode
lt t.
es

6.
8.2.5 The wor
kingsect
ionoft hedes
il
ting bas
inshal
lnotonl
y meetthesediment
ati
onr equ
ire-
mens,bu
t ta
lsomeettherequ
irement
sofsilt
ingandsandr l.
emova Thesandd
ischar
gechanne
lou t
let
sha
llnotbel
ift
edupbyt
hepe
renn
ialf
lood
ingoft
her
ive
rcou
rse (
ther
ecu
rrencei
nte
rva
lof2yea
rs)
du
ringt
hef
l son.
oodsea

6.
8.2.
6 Ther
equ
iremen
tsoft
he wo
rki
ngsec
tiono
fther
egu
larf
lush
ingdes
il
tingbas
ina
reasf
ol-
ows.
l

a) Sands
lui
cesha
llbese
tatt
heendoft
hewor
kingsec
tionoft
her
egu
larf
lush
ingdes
il
tingbas
in.
Thega
teandt
heho
istequ
ipmen
toft
hesands
lui
cesha
llmee
tther
equ
iremen
tsoft
hepa
rti
al
open
ingcond
iti
onso
fthes
lui
cega
te.

b) Thedowns
tream sandd
ischa
rgechanne
loft
hes
ands
lui
ceshou
ldadop
tthef
orm oft
henon
-
158
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

r
pessu
resandd
ischa
rge,andi
tsl
ong
itud
ina
lsl
opesha
llno
tbes
lowe
rthant
hel
ong
itud
ina
lsl
ope
oft
hewor
kingsec
tiono
fthedes
ilt
ingba
sin.
Sandd
ischa
rgechanne
lou
tle
tsha
llhavean
ti-
scou
-
r
ingandan
ti-
sil
ting measu
rest
oensu
ret
hesmoot
hsandd
ischa
rge.

6.
8.2.
7 Ther
equ
iremen
tsoft
he wo
rki
ngsec
tionoft
hecon
tinuousf
lush
ingdes
ilt
ingba
sina
reas
f
olows.
l

a) Thecon
tinuousf
lush
ingdes
ilt
ingbas
insha
llcons
istofseve
ralb
ranchcor
ridor
sandama
incor
ri-
dor.

b) Thebott
omo ft
hewo r
kingsect
iono fthecont
inuousfl
ush
ingdesi
lt
ingbas
inmaybemadeint
oa
numberofi
nver
tedt
rapezoi
daltroughsalongthe wi
dthofthet ,
ank andthes
lopeang
leofthe
t
roughwa
ll(
ang
lewi
tht
heho
rizon
tald
irec
tion)shou
ldbeg
rea
tert
hant
heunde
rwa
terr
epose
ang
leo
fthesed t.Thebo
imen ttom p
lat
eoft
het
roughsha
llbea
rranged wi
thas
andho
leand
connec
tedwi
tht
heb
ranchcor
rido
roft
hes
and
-fl
ush
ing.

c) Br
anchco
rri
dor
soft
hef
lush
ingsys
tem o
fthecon
tinuousf
lush
ingdes
il
tingbas
insha
llbea
r-
r
angedunde
rthesandi
nle
tho
lea
tthebot
tomoft
hebas
ini
nthed
irec
tiono
fwa
terf
low.
Each
branchcor
ridorsha
llf
lowint
oama incor
ridor.Mor
ethanoneflushingsyst
emshal
lbeinsta
lled
i
nt heworkingsect
ionoft
hedes
il
tingbas
i ,
n andthebranchcor
ridorleng
tho ft
hef
ron
tflushing
sys
temsha
llbesho
rte
rthant
hatoft
her
earf
lush
ingsys
tem.

d) Ma
inandb r
anchcor
ridor
sshal
lhavegoodhyd r
aul
icconditi
onsandanti
-wearmea suressha
llbe
implemen
ted.Maincorr
idors
andflush
ingsha
llhaveant
i-scour
ingandant
i-s
il
ting measues,and
r
ensu
resmoot
hsandd
ischa
rge.

e) Thes
lui
cega
teandt
heho
istequ
ipmen
toft
hesands
lui
cesha
llmee
tther
equ
iremen
tso
fthe
pa
rti
alopen
ingcond
iti
onso
fthes
lui
cega
te.

f) S
ing
le-
chambe
rcon
tinuousf
lush
ingdes
ilt
ingba
sinsha
llbeequ
ipped wi
tht
heeme
rgencysand
s
lui
cea
ttheendoft
hewor
kingsec
tionoft
hedes
il
tingbas
in.

6.
8. 2.
8 Thes ideover
flow we
irshal
lbeins
tal
ledi
nt hewor
kingsect
ionofthedes
il
tingbasn,t
i he
di
vers
ionchannelort
heappropr
iat
epa r
tofthewater
couse,andt
r hehei
ghtofthewei
rc r
estshou
ld
bes
ligh
tlyh
ighe
rthant
heope
rat
ingwa
terl
eve
loft
hedes
il
tingbas
in.
Theove
rfl
owcapa
cit
ysha
llbe
de
termi
nedaccor
dingt
othef
act
orssuchast
hed
isca
rdedl
oadoft
hehyd
ropowe
run
itsandpos
sib
le
excess
ivef
lowo
fthei
ntakes
luce.
i

8.6.
2.9 Thedowns
treamconnec
tionsec
tiono
fthedesi
lt
ingbas
ino ft
hehyd
ropowerstati
onshall
adoptthegr
adua
lshr
ink ype.Whent
aget hedownst
reamisapressu
re wat
erd
iver
sionchannel,t
he
wa
terdep
thi
nsec
tionsha
llmee
tthe mi
nimumsubme
rgeddep
thr
equ
iremen
tso
fap
ressu
re wa
ter
i
nle
tandt
her
esha
llbenove
rti
calvor
texandae
rat
ion.
159
SHP/TG 002
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2019

6.
8.3 Dete
rmi
nat
ionofthema
ind
imens
ionofthedes
ilt
ingbas
in

6.
8.3.
1 Thes
izeoft
hedes
ilt
ingbas
inma
inl
yinc
ludest
hewo
rki
ngdep
th,wo
rki
ng wi
dth,wo
rki
ng
l
eng
thandt
hel
ong
itud
ina
lbo
ttoms
lopeoft
hewo
rki
ngsec
tion.

6.
8.3.
2 Theca
lcu
lat
ionr
equ
iremen
tsf
ort
hewor
kingdep
thoft
her
egu
larf
lush
ingdes
il
tingbas
ina
re
asf
olows.
l

a) Thewate
rdepthoft
hewo
rki
ngsec
tioni
nle
toft
her
egu
larf
lush
ingdes
ilt
ingbas
insha
llmee
tthe
Formu
l ( )
a 28 .

q
H ≤ ΔZ + - (
iLw +i0 L0) …………………………(28 )
vc

whe
re

H i
sthewa
terdep
thoft
hewo
rki
ngsec
tioni
nlt,i
e nm;

ΔZ i
sthewat
erleve
ldi
ffe
rencebetweent
hesandf
lush
ingoperat
ingwaterleveloft
hedes
ilt
-
i
ngbas
inandthena
tura
lrive
ra tt
heoutl
etoft
hes andd
ischargechanne
l ,i
nm ;

q i
sthef
low pe
run
itwi
dthi
nthesandd
ischa
r l,i
gechanne nm3/(
s·m);

vc i
sthef
lush
ingf
lowve
loc
ityi
nthes
andd
ischa
r l,i
gechanne nm/s;

i i
sthebot
toms
lopeoft
hewor
kingsec
tionoft
hedes
il
tingbas
in;

Lw i
sthel
eng
thoft
hewo
rki
ngsec
tionoft
hedes
il
tingbas
in,i
nm;

i0 i
sthebot
toms
lopeoft
hesandd
ischa
r l;
gechanne

L0 i
sthel
eng
thoft
hesandd
ischa
r l,i
gechanne nm.

b) Thewo r
kingdepthofthework
ingsec
tioni
nle
toft
her
egu
larf
lush
ingdes
ilt
ingbas
insha
llbeca
l-
cul
atedacco
rdingtotheFormul ( )
a 29 .

Hc =H -ΔHk …………………………(29 )

whe
re

Hc i
sthewor
kingdep
tho
fthewor
kingsec
tionoft
hedes
il
tingba
sin,i
nm;

ΔHk i
sthea
llowab
let
hicknes
soft
hesed
imen
tat
iondu
ring ope
rat
ion,i
n m.
Int
hei
nit
ial
160
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

scheme,(
0.25t 30)
o0. H canbechosen.

6.
8.3.3 The work
ingdep
thofthe wo
rki
ngsec
tiono
fthecon
tinuousf
lush
ingdes
il
tingba
sinsha
ll
meetther
equ
irement
softheFo
rmula(30).

∫
v2 L
dL
Hc =ΔZi - (1+ ∑ξ)
c
-vc
2
…………………………(30 )
2g 0c R
2

whe
re

ΔZi i
st hehei
ghtd
iff
erencebetweent
heope
rat
ing wa
terl
eve
loft
hedes
il
tingbas
inandt
het
opof
theout
letoft
heco r
ridor,i
nm;

∑ξ i
sthesumo
fthel
osscoe
ffi
cien
tsoft
hepa
rti
alhead;

L i
sthet
ota
lleng
tho
ftheb
ranchco
rri
dor
sandt
hema
incor
ridor,i
nm;

c i
sthechezycoe
ffi
ci t;
en

R i
sthehyd
rau
licr
adus,i
i nm.

6.
8.3.
4 Thewo
rki
ng wi
dthmaybeca
lcu
lat
edacco
rdi
ngt
otheFo
rmu
la(
31).

Q
B= …………………………(31 )
Hwv

whe
re

B i
sthewor
king wi
dth,i
nm;

Q i
sthewor
kfow,i
l nm3/s;

v i
stheaver
agef l
owr ateinthebas
in.Whent hei
niti
alschemeisadopted,itcanbeselec
ted
wit
hint
hef o
llowing r :
ange whent he mi
nimum sedimen
tat
ion pa
rti
clesi
zei s0.05 mm to
10mm,t
0. heval
uecanbese
lect
edfrom0.05m/st 15m/s;whent
o0. hemi
nimumsedimen
ta-
t
ionpa
rti
clesi
zeis0. ,
25mm t heva
luecanbe0. /
25m sto0. / ;
55m s whenthemi
nimumsed i
-
men
tat
ionpa
rti
cles
izei 35mm,t
s0. heva
l 40m/st
uecanbe0. 8 m/s;
o0.

Hw i
stheave
ragewo
rki
ngdep
th,i
nm.

6.
8.3.
5 Thewor
kingdep
thoft
hewor
kingsec
tiono
fthehyd
rau
licf
lush
ingdes
il
tingba
sincanbese
-
l
ect
edf
rom3mt
o8 m.Ther
ati
ooft
he wi
dtht
othedep
thoft
hes
ing
le-
chambe
rwo
rki
ngsec
tion
sha
llnotbeg
rea
tert 5.
han4.
161
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

8.6.
3.6 Thewid
tho ft
hecompar
tmen
tint
hewor
kingsec
tiono
fther
egu
larf
lush
ingdes
ilt
ingbas
in
shal
lsat
isf
ytheFormua(
l 32).

Q'
bs =
s
…………………………(32 )
qs

whe
re

bs i
sthe wi
dtho
fthecompa
rtmen
tint
he wor
kingsec
tionofr
egu
larf
lush
ing des
il
ting bas
in,
nm;
i

Q'
s i
sthes
andf
lush
ingf
lowve
loc
ityi
nthebas
in,i
nm3/s;

qs i
sthes
andf
lush
ingf
lowve
loc
itype
run
itwi
dthi
ntheba
sin,i
nm3/(
s·m).

6.
8.3.
7 Theca
lcu
lat
edl
eng
thoft
hedes
ilt
ingba
sinsha
llbede
termi
nedaccor
dingt
othesed
imen
ta-
t
ionspeedandsedimen
tat
ionra
teo fthesed
imentat
ionpa r
tic
lesze.
i Thelengthofthedes
ignwork
-
i
ngsecti
onshoul
dbe1.2timesthecal
cula
tedleng
th.Ifnecessa
ry,modelt
es t
sshal
lbecarr
iedou
tto
ve
rif
ythesed
imen
tat
ionr
ateo
fthesuspendedsed
imen
tandt
hesed
imen
tconcen
tra
tionoft
heou
t-
f
lowbas
in.

6.
8. 3.
8 The wor
kingsect
ionoftheregu
larf
lushi
ngdes
il
tingbas
insha
llhaveace
rta
inl
ong
itud
ina
l
bot
tomsl
opeandshallsa
tisf
ytheFormul ( )
a 33 .

v2
i≥
1c
…………………………(33 )
c2R

whe
re

vic i
sthes
andf
lush
ingf
lowve
loc
ity,i
nm/s.

9 Powe
rhouse

9.
1 Gene
ralp
rov
isi
ons

1.
9.1 I
nacco
rdancewi
ths
truc
tur
eands
tresscha
rac
ter
ist
ics,t
hepowe
rhousesha
lli
ncl
udet
hef
ol-
l
owi ypes.
ngt

a) Power
houseatt
hedamt oe:thepowerhouseisloca
tedatthedamtoe;thepower
houseissepa
-
ra
tedfromthedam wi
tht heexpans
ion-set
tlementjo
ints;theups
tream wat
erpressu
reisall
bor hedam,andt
nebyt hepowe
rhousedoesnotbea
rtheups
tream wa
terp
res
sue;t
r hewa
ter
f
orpowe
rgene
rat
ioni
sledi
ntot
het
urb
inet
hrought
hepens
tocki
nthedambody.
162
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

b) Di
versi
onpowerhouse:i
tsheadraceisr
ela
tivel
ylong;itmaybec l
assi
fiedi
ntot
hep ressu
r edi
-
ver
sionpowe
rhouseandnon-pr
es sur
ediver
sionpowerhouse,depend
ingon whethe
rt he wat
er
f
lowi
nthehead
racei
sori
sno
tunde
rpr
essu
re.

c) R
ive
rbedpowe
rhouse:i
tisl
oca
tedi
nther
i rbed;t
ve hepowe
rhouser
eta
inst
he wa
terandi
s
oneo
fthewa
terr
eta
ini
ngs
truc
tues.
r

1.
9. 2 Thepowe rhouseo fthehydropowersta
tionshal
lbecomposedoftwopar
ts,namel
yt hemai
n
power
h ouseand the auxi
li
aryp ow e
rhouse,incl
uding f
ive mao
jrsys
tems,i.e.the wat
e rf
low
sys
tem,e
lec
tri
calcu
rren
tsys
tem,e
lec
tri
calcon
tro
lequ
ipmen
tsys
tem,mechan
ica
lcon
tro
lequ
ip-
men
tsys
temandt
heaux
il
iar
yequ
ipmen
tsys
tem.

9.
2 Layoutofthep
lanta
rea

9.2.
1 Thelayoutofthepowerhouseandtheplan
ta reaofthehydropowers
tat
ionshal
lbedesigned
acco
rdi
ngtot hetopog
raph
ica ,
l geologi
calandenvir
onmen tcond
iti ,
ons andincombi
nationwi
tht he
gene
rall
ayou
toft
heen
tir
epr
oj t,andsha
ec llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) The mai
n powerhouse,aux i
li
arypowerhouse,maint r
ansformersie,swi
t tchyad,h
r gh/
i l
ow
vol
tageoutgo
ingli ,
ne a cces ,
s wat
erdi
versionandt
ailwate
rst r
uctu
ressha
llbeproper
lyla
idout
tomaketheoper
ationofthehydr
opowe rst
ations a
fe,easyto manageand ma
int
ain,andt
ake
i
ntoaccoun
ttherequi
rementsofl ,
andscape ecologyandenvi
ronmen ta
lprot
ect
ion.

b) Thelayoutandoper
ati
ono fthepowe r
houseaswel
lastheflooddi
schargestr
uctue,sed
r imen
t
di
schargest
ruct
ur ,
e navi
gati
onstruc
tureandfi
shwaysha
llbeprope
rlycoord
inatedtoavo
iddis
-
t
urbanceandensu
ret
hesa
fet
yandnorma
lope
rat
ionoft
hehyd
ropowe
rst
aton.
i

c) Thesa
fet
y measu
resf
orf
loodcon
trl,d
o rai
nageandf
irecon
tro
laswe
lla
stheneces
sar
ycond
i-
t
ionsf
orma
int
enancei
nthep
lan
tar
easha
llbecomp
rehens
ive
lycons
ide
red.

d) Lessexp
rop
ria
tiono
rnoexp
rop
ria
tiono
fcu
lti
vat and.
edl Pro
tec
tiono
fna
tur
alvege
tat
ion,p
ro-
t
ect
ionoft
heenv
ironmen
tandp
rot
ect
ionofcu
ltu
ralr
elcs.
i

e) Theove
ral
lpl
ann
ingf
ort
hebu
ild
ingenv
ironmen
tint
hep
lan
tar
easha
llbep
rope
rlype
rfrmed,
o
andt
heaes
the
tict
rea
tmen
toft
hema
ins
truc
tur
essha
llbep
rope
rlyca
rri t.
edou

f) Theope
rat
ionand managemen
toft
heaux
il
iar
yfac
il
it
iesf
orp
roduc
tionsha
llbea
rrangedun
i-
f y.
orml

g) Opt
imi
zet helayoutofea
chstruc
tur
ebycomp rehensi
velycons
ideri
ngthecons
truct
ionp
roce
-
du
res,constr
uctiond
ivers
ionandthecons
truc
tion peri
odrequir
ement
so fthefir
stbat
chof
un
its.
163
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

2.
9.2 Thema
inpowe
rhousesha
llbebu
iltont
hes
tab
ler
ockf
ounda
tionort
heso
lidso
ilf
ounda
tion.

● Thepowe
rhouseshou
ldbekep
tawayf
romt
hegu
lly mou
thandt
heco
llapsemass.
Cor
respond
ing
prevent
ivemeasuressha
llbef
ullystudi
edandimp lemen
tedfort
hepossi
bletor
rent
ialf
loodde-
posis,muddeb
t r
isflow orco
llapse massoccu
rri
ngunde rt
hesamefl
oods t
andar
dsasf orthe
powe
rhouse.

● Whent
hepowe
rhousei
sloca
teda
tthet
oeoft
heh
ighs
teeps
lope,sa
fet
y measu
ressha
llbe
t
akenandi
nte
rcep
tionandd
rai
nagef
aci
li
tiessha
llbea
rranged.

● Re
liab
lef
ounda
tiont
rea
tmen
tso
lut
ionsshou
ldbet
aken whent
he powe
rhousei
sont
hesof
t
f
ounda
tion.

● Thepowe
rhouseont
her
ive
rbankshou
ldbel
aidou
tal
ongt
her
ive
rdi
rec
tion,bu
tnotoccupyt
he
f
loodd
ischa
rgesec
tionoft
her
ive
rchanne
ltoavo
idt
hed
irec
timpac
toft
hef
loodont
hep
l t.
an
Tempo
rar
y measu
ressha
llbet
akent
opr
even
tthepowe
rhousef
rom be
ingsubme
rsed whent
he
f
loodexceedst
hedes
igns
tanda
rd.

2.
9.3 Whent hepens
t sexposed,t
ocki hepowerhouseshou
ldbela
idou ti
nt hed
irect
iontha
tisf
ree
f
romthed
irec
timpactofthewaterf
lowinanemergency;i
fimpossi
ble,otherp
rotecti
vemeasu
res
sha
l aken.
lbet

9.2.
4 Thel ocat
ionoftheaux
il
iar
ypowerhousesha
llbecoord
ina
tedwiththesi
teofthemaintrans
-
forme ,
rt heloca
tionofthemainpowe
rhouseandtheenvir
onmenta
lrequi
rement ,
s andsha
llbede-
t
ermi
nedt
hroughcomp
rehens
ivecompa
rison.Meanwh
ile,t
hee
ffec
tivespacesha
llber
easonab
ly
u
til
izedf
orconven
ien
tex
ter
nalt
raf
fici
ncomb
ina
tionwi
tht
her
equ
iremen
tfo
rope
rat
iona
landman
-
agemen
tconven
ience.

2.
9.5 Thelocat
ionoft
he ma
intransf
ormerandtheswitchyardsha
llbede t
erminedincombina
tion
wi
thther
equir
ementsofi
nsta
lla
tion,ove
rhaul,t
ranspo
rtaton,f
i iref
igh
tingaccess,incomi
ngline
andou
tgo
ingl
ineandf
ireandexp
los
ionp
rot
ect
ionandi
nli
newi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) Thema
int
rans
forme
rshou
ldbec
loset
othema
inpowe
rhouse,andi
tse
leva
tionshou
ldbesame
a
stha
toft
hee
rec
tionbay.Thef
ireandexp
los
ionp
rot
ect
ionaswe
llast
heven
til
ati
onandhea
t
d
iss
ipa
tiona
tthep
lacef
ort
hema
int
rans
forme
rsha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
her
elevan
tregu
lat
ions.

b) Theswi
tchya
rdshouldbec
losetothemai
nt r
ansformer,andsha
llbel
aidi
nthesec
tion wi
tha
st
abl
efounda
tionandsi
deslopeorino
thersuit
abl
ep l
a ;
ces it
sincomi
ngli
neandoutgo
ingline
sha
llbepreven
tedfr
oms tr
idingoverthehydraul
icjumport hej
etf
lowr eg
ionofthestr
uctue.
r
The pos
iti
on ofthe swi
tchyard shou
ld be kept away f
rom the gu
ll ;
y ifimposs
ibl ,
e the
r
peven
tivemea
sur
essha
llbet
akenf
ort
het
orr
ent
ialf
lood,deb
risf
lowandco
llapsemass.

c) Theou
tgo
ingl
ines
iteshou
ldbenea
rtheswi
tchya
rd.Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othei
ndoorswi
tchya
rd,t
he
164
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

ou
tgo
ingl
ines
itemaybel
aidou
tont
het
opoft
hepowe
rhouse.

9.2.
6 Theexpansionandrecons
truct
ionofthepowerhouseshal
lmaketheol
dandnews t
ructu
res
andfac
il
it
iescoor
dinat
edtoensurethesaf
etyoftheo
lds t
ruct
ures;dur
ingt
hecons
truc
tion,theim-
pac
tont
hepowe
rgene
rat
ionsha
llbemi
n zed.
imi

2.
9. 7 Thewaterin
takepartl
ayouto fr
ive
rbedpowerhousesha
llbecombinedwi
tht
helayoutofthe
pr
ojec
ttoprope
rlysolvet
hei nf
luenceofsed
imen ,
t debri
sandfloa
tingi
ceonpowergenera
tion.

2.
9.8 Thepowe
rhousea
tthedamt
oeshou
ldhavepe
rmanen
tde
forma
tionj
oin
tsbe
tweent
hepow-
e
rhouseandthedam. Tosati
sfytheove
ral
lstabi
li
tyoft
hepowe rhouseandt
hedamo rot
herr
equire
-
ment
st, hei
nteg
ralconnec
tionofthepowerhouseandthedam maybeadopteda
fte
rdemonstra
tion.

2.
9.9 Whent
hepowe
rhousei
sad
jacen
ttot
her
eleases
truc
tue,t
r hegu
ide wa
lla
rrangedbe
tween
t
hemsha
llbeo
fsu
ffi
cien
tleng
th.

2.
9.10 Thet
ailr
acesha
llbel
aidou
tacco
rdi
ngt
othespec
ifi
csi
tua
tionoft
hehyd
ropowe
rst
ati
on
andi
nli
newi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) I
tshal
lbela
idoutwithconsi
der
ationgiventot heinf
luenceso ft
heunitopera
tioncondi
tions,
geo
log
ica
landtopog
raph
ica
lcondit
ions,flow d
irect
iono frive l,f
rchanne looddischa
rge,sedi-
men
tdi
scha
rge and o
the
rst
ruc
tues;and t
r he p
rot
ect
ive measu
res sha
llbe t
aken f
ort
he
pos
iti
onsp
ronet
ounde
rmi
ningorc
logg
ing.

b) Thei
nfl
uencesofr
ive
rbedva
ria
tionduet
osl
uic
ingoft
hep
roec
j t,t
hebackwa
teroft
hedown
-
s
treamcas
cadep
roec
j tandsandexcava
tioni
nther
ive
rbedsha
llbet
akeni
ntoa t.
ccoun

c) Thet
ailwa
terl
eve
loft
hepowe
rhousesha
llnotber
aisedbyd
isca
rdi
ngs
lag.

2.
9.11 Thef
loodcon
tro
landd
rai
nagesys
temi
nthep
lan
tar
easha
llbedes
ignedacco
rdi
ngt
othe
f
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) The s
ites f
ort
he ma
in/aux
il
iar
y powe
rhouses and t
he ma
int
rans
forme
ras we
lla
sthe
swi
tchya
rdsha
llno
tbesubme
rgeda
tthep
rot
ect
ionwa
terl l.
eve

b) The wa
terd
ranage,p
i iped
itchl t,d
ayou rai
nage me
thodandd
rai
nagef
aci
li
tiesi
nthepowe
r-
houseareashal
lbedet
erminedaccor
dingtotheimport
anceofpower
houseofthehydropower
sta
ti ,
on loca
lcl
imat
iccha
racter
ist
i ,
cs des
ignrai
nstormint
ensi
t ,
y dura
tionofra
inf
al ,
l des
ign
r
ecu
rrencei
nte
rva
lofr
ains
torms,p
rope
rti
eso
fthe wa
terca
t t,t
chmen opog
raph
ica
lfea
tur
es
a
swe
llasot
herposs
ibl
eca
tchmen
ts.
Thedes
ignr
ain
fal
lrecu
rrencei
nte
rva
lmaybe3t
o5yea
rs
andt
hedes
ignr
ain
fal
ldu
rat
i n.
onmaybe5mi t n.
o15mi

c) Re
liab
lemeasu
ressha
llbet
akent
obep
reven
tba
ckf
lowoff
loods.
165
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

d) Cor
respond
ingprot
ectivemea su
ressha
llbet
akenf
ort
headve
rsee
ffec
tscausedbyf
loodd
is-
cha
rge,rai
nfa
llo
ra tomiza
tion.

e) Necess
aryb
lock
ing,d
ive
rsi
onandd
rai
nagemeasu
ressha
llbet
akenf
ort
hecave
rn,p
iped
itch,
pa
ssageandr
ese
rvedno
tchwh
ichmaycausewa
terl
ogg
ingoft
hepowe
rhouse.

f) Thed
rai
nageofsu
rfacewa
terandunde
rgr
oundwa
terf
romt
hes
ides
lopeoft
heva
riouss
truc
-
t
uressha
llbedes
igned.

2.
9.12 Thet
raf
fici
nthep
lan
tar
easha
llbel
aidou
tinl
inewi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) Thet
r a
fficshal
lbep l
annedandarr
angedcomprehens
ive
lyfrom bot
ht heshort
-te
rm andlong-
te
rm perspec
tives,andshal
l mee
tt herequ
irementsofconven
ientloadi
ng and un
load
ing of
heavyandl
arget
ranspor
tma
chi
nesoft
hee
lec
tromechan
ica
lequ
i t.
pmen

b) Themaintr
affi
cshal
lbekeptunobs
truct
edunde rt
hedes
ignfl
oodstandar
dcondit
ions;pedes
t r
i-
ant
raf
ficshal
lnotbein
terr
uptedunderthecheckfl
oods
tandar
dcondit
ions;app
ropria
teprotec-
t
ivemeasu
resshou
ldbet
akenf
ort
hesec
tionwi
thi
nthescopeoft
hewa
terd
ischa
rgeanda
tom-
i
zat
ion.

c) Thes
tra
igh
tsec
tionsha
llbea
rrangedi
nfr
ontoft
hei
ncomi oad.
ngr

d) Thedes
ignl
ong
itud
ina
lgr
adi
ento
fthei
ncomi
ngr
oadshou
ldbel
es han8% ,t
st hemax
imuml
on-
gi
tudina
lgrad
ientshou
ldbelessthan12% inthesec
tiont
hatisdi
ffi
cul
tforl
ayou
tduet othe
l
imit
ationofthetopog
raph
iccond
iti ,
on thewi
dthofthemai
nroadswith
int
hepowerhousea
rea
shou
ldnotbel
esst 5 m,andt
han3. het
urna
roundmaybea
rrangedi
nfr
ontoft
hepowe
rhouse.

e) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othepowe
rhousewi
thh
ight
ailwa
terl l,t
eve heve
rti
calt
ranspor
tat
ionmodemay
beusedt
oen
terandex
itt
hepowe
rhouse.

f) Theincomi
ngr oadshou
ldbel edint
othepowe r
housefromthedownst
reamside.Whenduet o
te
rra
in,geologyandprojec
tlayou
tcondi
tions,thei
ncomingr
oadsha
lll
eadi
ntothepowerhouse
f
romt
heendoft
hepowe
rhousepa
ral
lelt
othei
tsax
is,t
hewa
rni
ngs
ignsori
nte
rcep
torsha
llbe
a
rranged.

2.
9.13 I
nthep
lan
taea,t
r hef
irecon
tro
lfac
il
it
iessha
llbea
rranged;t
hef
irer
esi
stancer
ati
ngoft
he
powe
rhousesha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hep
rov
isi
onsonf
irecon
trl.
o

9.
3 I
nter
nall
ayoutofthepower
house

9.3.
1 Forthei
nterna
llayoutofthepowe rhouse,t
hedimens
ionandspaceofeachpartsha
llberea-
sonab
lydet
erminedandd i
str
ibut
e daccor
ding tothesca
leoftheh dr
o
y p owersta
tion,pow e
rhouse
ype,env
t ironmen
talf
eat
ures,c
ivi
leng
inee
ringdes
ign,l
ayou
toft
hee
lec
tromechan
ica
lequ
i t,
pmen
166
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

ope
rat
ionma
inenance,i
t nst
all
ati
onandove
r l.
hau

3.
9.2 Thepl
aned imens
ionofthepowerhouseforthehor
izonta
lunitsha
llbedete
rminedacco
rding
tot
hep
lanedimenson (
i di
amet
er)ofthespira
lcaseandthelengthoftheent
ireuntbay.Thep
i lane
d
imensi
onofthe powerhousefo
rt he ve
rti
caluni
tshal
lbe det
erminedacco
rding t
he d
imensi
on
(wi
dth)oft
hegenera
torbaseandtheleng
tho ft
heunt.
i Thep
lanedimensi
onofthepowerhousefor
thebu
lbtubul
aruni
tshal
lbede
termi
nedaccor
dingtothesi
zeofthef
low pah,t
t hethi
cknessofthe
gatep
ierandthel
ayoutoft
heinl
etandout
letgatesandt
hehoit.
s Inadd
iti ,
on aux i
li
aryequipment
suchast
hema
inva
lve,t
hegove
rno
randt
hel
oca
lpane
laswe
llast
hepedes
tri
anpa
thi
nthepowe
r-
housesha
llbecons
ide
red.Thehe
igh
toft
hepowe
rhousesha
llbede
termi
nedbyt
heho
ist
ingcond
i-
t
ionsoft
heequ
ipmen
tandt
hei
nst
all
ati
one
leva
tionoft
het
urb
ine.

3.
9.3 Thespac
ingbe
tweenun
itsi
nma
inpowe
rhousesha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Forhor
izont
alunt,i
i nst
all
ati
onandmaint
enancerequi
rement
sshal
lbeme t.Thegener
atorr
otor
sha
llbeabl
et obedr
awnou tandi
nse
rtedifnecess
ary,andthenetspac
ingbetweenuni
tsshal
l
no
tbel
esst
han1.
5 mt
o2.
0 m.

b) Forver
tica
lunit,
itshoul
dbedete
rminedont hep
laneaccor
dingt
othed
iame
tero
fthef
ancove
r
ofthegenera
tor,thesi
zeofthespi
ralcaseandthedr
a f
ttube.

● Thet h
ickness ofthe sepa
rating p
ier
s betweenthe ad
jacen
tconcre
te sp
ira
lcases and
betweenthed r
aftt
ubesshou l
dno tbelesst
han1.0 mt
o2. (
0 m uset
heh i
ghvaluewhenthe
pe
rmanen
tjo
inti
sar
ranged).

● Thet
hicknes
soft
hesepa
rat
ingp
ierbe
tweent
heme
talsp
ira
lcasesshou
ldnotbel
esst
han
1.
0 m.

● Thene
tspac
ingbe
tweent
hef
ancove
rpl
ateso
fthegene
rat
orshou
ldnotbel
esst
han1.
5m
t
o2.
0 m.

● Theneces
sar
yconc
ret
eth
icknes
sbe
tweent
hed
raf
ttubesha
llbecons
ide
redf
ort
hespac
ing
be
tweenun
itsoft
hepowe
rhousewi
thi
ndamandt
heove
rfl
owt
ypepowe
rhouse.

c) Fo
rbu
lbt
ubu
larun
it,
itsha
llbede
termi
neda
ccor
dingt
othewi
dthoft
hef
low pa
th,t
henumbe
r
ofuni
tsandthejo
intsepar
ati
ngmethod.Theaddi
tionall
engthofthes
ideun
itbaysha
llbede
ter
-
minedbytheboundar
ylineoftheb
ridgecr ,
anehook wh ichshou
ldbe3mt o5m.

3.
9.4 Thecon
tro
ldimens
ionoft
hema
inmach
ineha
llf
ort
hema
inpowe
rhousesha
llbede
termi
ned
acco
rdi
ngt
othef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) Theleng
thand wi
d t
ho ft
he main ma
chi
nehallsha
llbedete
rmi
nedbyt ak
ingintoaccoun
tt he
numberofuni
ts,thefl
ow pass
agecomponen
tsoft het
urb
ine,t
hedimensionsofthegener
ator
167
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

andtheai t,t
rduc heli
fti
ng modeo
ft hecane,t
r heposi
tionoft
hema i
nva l
veandgovernor,t
he
str
uctu
ralrequ
iremen
tso ft
hepowe house,t
r heopera
tionandmai
ntenance,andmobi
li
t yint
he
powe
rhouse.

b) Thef
low pas
sagecomponen
tsoft
het
urb
ineandt
hesuppor
ting modeso
ftheun
itsha
llbese
-
l
ect
eda
cco
rdi
ngt
otheda
tap
rov
idedbyt
hemanu
fac
tur
erandt
her
equ
iremen
tsoft
hehyd
rau
lic
s
truc
tue.
r

c) Whent
hel
eng
thoft
heun
itbayi
scon
tro
lledbyt
hed
imens
iono
fthesp
ira
lcase,t
hel
eng
thof
theuni
tbaysha
llmeett
hespati
alrequi
remen
tsrequi
redbythei
nsta
lla
tionoft
he meta
lsp
ira
l
,
case andt
heminimumspa
tia
ldimensi
onshouldno
tbelesst
han0. ;
8m f ort
heconcr
etesp
ira
l
case,
itswa
llt
hicknesssha
llbede
termi
nedbyt
hes
treng
th,r
igi
dit
yands
truc
tur
alr
equ
iremen
ts.

d) Whentheleng
thoftheuni
tbayiscon
trol
ledbythedimensi
onsoft
hegene
rat
o randitsa
irfue,
l
thespaci
ngbetweenuni
tsshal
lnotonly mee
ttherequir
ementsofequ
ipmentl t,bu
ayou tal
so
keept
henecessa
ry wi
dtho
fthepa age.
ss

e) Thelengtho
ft heuni
tbayint
hepowerhouseatdamtoeshouldbecoordi
nat
ed wi
ththedam
bodyjoi
nts.Fo
rt hed
ive
rsi
onpowe
rhousethrought
hetunne
ls,itsha
lla
lsobeadap
tivet
othe
t
hicknesso
fther
ockma
ssbe
tweent
hepens
tocks.

f) Whent hesed
imentdischa
rgi
ngandd r
ain
ingholesarear
rangedint heun
itbay,thes
truct
ura
l
s
treng
t ,
h composi
tionandconst
ruc
tionrequ
irement
so ftheholesshal
lbefu
lfi
ll
edatthesame
ime.
t

g) Thel
engthandwid
thofthemainmachinehal
lsha
llmeett
herequi
rementsoft
heeffec
tivework-
i
ngscopeofthec
r ,
anehook t
helayou
toft hemainva
lveandgoverno ,
rthemobi
li
tyint hepow-
e
rhouseandt
hes
truc
tur
als
ize.

h) Thes
truc
tur
ald
imens
ionso
fthema
inpowe
rhouseabovewa
terandunde
rwa
tershou
ldbecon
-
cu
rren
tlycoo
rdi
nat
edandcons
ide
red.

i) Thelengthofthesi
deunitbay(un
iti
ntheend
ingbay)shal
lbede
t e
rminedincombi
nationwi
th
theposi
tionoftheerec
tionbay,thehe
igh
tdiff
erencebe
tweenthe mai
n mach
inehal
landthe
e
rec
tionbaya
swe
llast
hel
ift
ings
copeoft
hec
rane.

3.
9.5 Thed
imens
ionandl
ayou
toft
hee
rec
tionbayi
nthema
inpowe
rhousemaybede
termi
nedi
n
l
inewi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) Theareaoftheerecti
onbaysha
llbecomprehens
ivelydet
ermi
nedbythepowe
r ype,un
houset it
st
ruc
tur ,
ei nst
all
ati
onp r
ogr
essandexpandedoverhaulo
foneunit.

b) Whent
heda
tai
nunava
ilab
le,t
hel
eng
thoft
hee
rec
tionbay maybe1.
25t
o1.
5timest
hel
eng
th
168
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

oft
heun
itbay;wi
thr
ega
rdt
othehyd
ropowe
rst
ati
onwi
thmu
lti
pleun
its,t
hea
reaoft
hee
rec
-
t
ionbay maybei
ncr
easedasr
equ
iredoranaux
il
iar
yer
ect
ionbay maybea
rranged.

c) Theg
rounde
leva
tionoft
hee
rec
tionbayshou
ldbet
hes
amea
stha
toft
hegene
rat
orf
l r;i
oo f
t
hedowns
treamf
loodl
eve
lish
ighe
rthant
heg
rounde
leva
tionoft
hegene
rat
orf
loor,t
hee
leva
-
t
iono
fthee
rec
tionbay maybei
ncr
eased.

d) Thel
ayou
toft
hee
rec
tionbaysha
lls
ati
sfyt
her
equ
iremen
tsoft
het
ranspo
rta
tion,i
nst
all
ati
on
andove
rhau
loft
heequ
ipmen
tort
heacces
sofveh
icl
esf
orhand
lingaccor
dingt
othenumbe
rof
i
nst
all
edun
its.Thee
rec
tionbaymaybel
aidou
tatoneend,twoendsori
nthemi
ddl
esec
tionof
t
hema
inpowe
rhouse.

e) Thel
ayou
toft
hee
rec
tionbaysha
llbeadap
tivet
othet
ranspor
tat
ion me
thodsf
ort
he ma
ine
-
qu
i t.
pmen

3.
9.6 Thel
ayou
tandt
ope
leva
tiono
fthec
raner
aili
nthema
inpowe
rhousesha
llbede
termi
neda
c-
cor
dingt
othef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Ther
equ
iremen
tofl
ift
ingt
he ma
inpa
rtso
ftheun
itsha
l t.Whent
lbe me hei
nle
tva
lvei
sar
-
r
angedi
nthepowe
rhouse,t
hecen
tre
linesha
llbel
aidou
twi
thi
nthewor
kingscopeoft
hec
rane
hook.

b) Thet
ope
leva
tiono
fthec
raner
ailsha
llbede
termi
nedacco
rdi
ngt
othec
ranespec
ifi
cat
ionsas
we
lla
sthel
ift
ingr
equ
iremen
tsdu
ringi
nst
all
ati
onandove
rhau
loft
heun
its,andsha
llmee
tthe
r
equ
iremen
tsf
orl
oad
ing/un
load
ingt
hegoodsont
het
ranspo
rta
tionveh
icl
eint
hepowe
rhouse.

c) Thene
tdi
stancebe
tweent
hec
ranet
opandt
hepowe
rhousece
il
ing (
ort
hel
owe
rchor
doft
he
r
ooft
rus
sandt
hel
ampbot
tom)sha
llno
tbel
esst
han0.
3 m.

d) Thenecess
aryspacef
orr
emov
ingandi
nst
all
ingt
her
educe r,t
rcove heco
il
ingb
lockandt
hemo-
t
orsha
llber
ese
rveda
ttheapp
rop
ria
tepos
iti
onso
fthepowe
rhouser
oof.

e) I
nadd
iti
ont
othespacer
equ
iremen
toft
het
rave
ll
ingca
rt,t
hec
lea
rancef
ort
hei
nst
all
ati
onand
ove
rhau
loft
het
rave
ll
ing mechan
ismoft
heca
rtaswe
llast
het
urn
-ou
tspacef
orpe
rsonne
lsha
ll
ber
ese
rveda
ttheapp
rop
ria
tepos
iti
onsi
nthei
nte
rva
lbe
tweent
heendedgeoft
hec
raneand
t
heups
tream/downs
tream wa
lls.

f) Thewi
dthoft
hec
ranebeamt
opf
ace (
inc
lud
ingt
hewa
lkwayoft
hec
ranebeam)sha
llmee
tthe
pa
ssi
ngrequ
irementsoft
heoperat
ingper
sonnel,andtheladder
sfortheope
rato
rs(int
hecase
wher
eitisdr
ivercab-
equ
ipped)andtheoverhau
lpersonneltogetonoroffthecr
anesha
llbe
r
pov
ided.
169
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

g) Thesa
fed
ist
ancebe
tweent
hel
ift
edcomponen
tandt
hei
nst
all
edequ
i t,s
pmen truc
tur
eand
r
goundsha
llnotbel
esst
han0.
3 m.

3.
9.7 Themob
il
ityi
nthepowe
rhousesha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons.
i

a) The mob
il
ityi
nthepowe
rhouse (
inc
lud
ingt
hes
tarway,sp
i ira
lst
air
case,l
adde
rsand,l
t ift
ing
ho
les,hor
izon
talpa
ssageand ga
lle
ry)sha
llbeconven
ien
tfor managemen
tandbene
fic
ialf
or
ove
rhau
landqu
ickt
roub
leshoot
ing.

b) Thed
imens
ionoft
hema
inpa
ssageaswe
llast
hewi
dth,t
hes
lopeandt
heeme
rgencyex
itsha
ll
mee
tther
equ
iremen
tsoft
hee
lec
tromechan
ica
landf
irep
rot
ect
iondes
igncodes.

c) Thes
tra
igh
thor
izon
talpa
ssaget
hroughou
ttheen
tir
e powe
rhouseshou
ldbea
rrangedont
he
gene
rat
orf
loo
randt
het
urb
inef
l r.
oo

d) Ones
tai
rwayshou
ldbea
rrangedeve
ry1t
o2un
itbaysbe
tweent
he ma
inf
loor
sinc
lud
ingt
he
gene
rat
orf
l r,t
oo he busba
rfl
oorandt
het
urb
inef
loor;a
tleas
ttwo s
tai
rways shou
ld be
a
rrangedi
ntheen
tir
epl
ant.

e) Thel
ift
ingho
lesf
ori
nst
all
ati
onandove
rhau
lshou
ldbea
rrangedi
nthema
inpowe
rhousewi
thi
n
t
hewo
rki
ngscopeo
fthec
ranehookandi
ntheaux
il
iar
ypowe
rhouser
equ
iredf
orl
ift
ingoft
he
e
lec
tromechan
ica
lequ
i t.
pmen

3.
9.8 Thel
ayou
tandd
imens
ionso
fthet
urb
inep
itsha
llmee
tther
equ
iremen
tsofun
iti
nst
all
ati
on
andma
inenance;t
t hes
treng
thandr
igi
dit
yoft
heun
itsuppor
tings
truc
tur
easwe
llast
hesp
ira
lcase
ands
tandr
ingsuppo
rti
ngs
truc
tur
esha
llbesu
ffi
ci t.
en

3.
9.9 Thee
leva
tionofeachf
loo
rint
hema
inpowe
rhousesha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Ther
equ
iremen
tsoft
hel
ayou
toft
heun
itandaux
il
iar
yequ
i t,andt
pmen hei
nst
all
aton,ove
i r-
l,ope
hau rat
ion,ma
inenance,s
t truc
tur
ald
imens
ionandbu
ild
ingspacesha
l t.
lbeme

b) Thei
nst
all
ati
one
leva
tionoft
het
urb
inesha
llbede
termi
nedbyt
echn
ica
landeconomi
cdemon
-
s
tra
tiona
cco
rdi
ngt
otheun
itcha
rac
ter
ist
icsp
rov
idedbyt
he manu
fac
tur
er,t
het
urb
ined
raf
t
head and the min
imum downs t
ream t
ailwa
te rlevel du
ring t
he oper
ating pe
riod oft
he
hydr
opowe rsta
ti ,
on comb
ined witht
hetopograph
icalandgeolog
ica
lcondit
ionsofthepower-
house.

c) Theg
rounde
leva
tiono
fthet
urb
inef
loo
rsha
llbede
termi
nedaccor
dingt
othesec
tions
izeoft
he
sp
ira
lca
sei
nle
taswe
lla
sthemi
nimumt
hicknes
soft
heconc
ret
est
ruc
tur
eatt
het
opo
fthesp
i-
r
alcase.
170
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

d) Theg
rounde
leva
tionoft
hegene
rat
orf
loorsha
llmee
tthel
ayou
trequ
iremen
toft
hegene
rat
or
f
l r,andt
oo hei
nfl
uenceoft
heequ
ipmen
tlayou
tont
het
urb
inef
loora
swe
llast
hel
ayou
tofbus
cab
lesandt
hedowns
tream wa
terl
eve
lsha
lla
lsobecons
ide
red.

e) I
fthespa
ceoft
hema
inpowe
r senough,t
housei hecab
lef
loormaya
lsobea
rrangedbe
lowt
he
gener
atorf
loor;i
tsnetclea
ranceshallmeett
herequi
rement
softhelayingo
fthema
inou
tgo
ing
l
inesandcabes,ope
l r
ati
onma intenanceandf
irecon
troloft
hegener
a t
or.

f) Ther
oofe
leva
tionsha
llbede
termi
neda
ccor
dingt
other
oof
ingt
ypeandt
hes
truc
tur
ald
imen
-
s
ion,andsha
llmee
tther
equ
iremen
tsofi
nst
all
ati
onandove
rhau
loft
hec
ranecomponen
ts,ce
il-
i
ngi
nst
all
ati
ono
fthepowe
rhouse,t
hel
ayou
toft
hel
igh
tingf
aci
li
tiesandt
herma
linsu
lat
ion.

3.
9.10 Thel
ayou
toft
het
ail
racep
lat
formsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thewi
dthoft
het
ail
racep
lat
formsha
llmee
tther
equ
iremen
tsoft
hes
truc
tur
esi
zeoft
het
ail
l
ockandho
ist,ga
tel
ift
ing,mob
il
ity,downs
treamf
loodcon
tro
lfac
il
it
iesandf
irecon
trl.
o

b) Thel
eng
tho
fthet
ail
racep
lat
form maybede
termi
nedaccor
dingt
other
equ
iremen
tsoft
heop
-
e
rat
iono
ftheho
istandt
heove
rhau
loft
hega
te.

c) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othepowe
rhousewi
thar
ela
tive
lyl
ongd
raf
ttube,t
hema
int
rans
fo r,swi
rme tch
-
yardorauxi
li
arypowerhousemaybelai
dou tonthet
ail
racepl
atf
orm;ifthel
engtho
fthed r
aft
tubehastobeinc
reasedforth
ispu
rpose,i
tshal
lbedemonstr
atedint
hetechn
ica
landeconomic
a
spec
ts.

3.
9.11 Thel
ayou
toft
hecon
tro
lroomsha
llbede
termi
nedi
nli
newi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) I
tsha
llbeconven
ien
tfo
rope
rat
ionandma
int t,andconven
enancemanagemen ien
tfo
rtr
ans
iti
ng
bys
tagesandsav
ingcab
les.
Thei
nfl
uenceofv
ibr
aton,no
i iseandmagne
ticf
iel
dshou
ldbeavo
i-
ded.

b) I
tse
leva
tionmaybeequa
ltoo
rsl
igh
tlyh
ighe
rthant
hee
leva
tionoft
hegene
rat
orf
loor.When
t
hecon
tro
lroomi
shi
ghe
rthant
hegene
rat
orf
loor,t
hemob
il
itybe
tweent
hemsha
llbeconven
-
i
ent.

c) Whent
hecon
tro
lroomi
sar
rangedi
nther
emot
ecen
tra
lizedcon
tro
lcen
tre,t
het
rans
iti
ondu
ty
r
oom maybea
rrangedi
ntheaux
il
iar
ypowe
rhouse.

d) Theaux
il
iar
ypowe
rhousef
orh
ighno
iseequ
ipmen
tsuchast
hea
ircomp
ressorandt
heven
til
a-
t
ionequ
ipmen
tshou
ldnotbel
aidou
tar
oundt
hecon
tro
lroom.
171
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

e) Ef
fec
tivemea
sur
esf
orp
reven
tingun
itv
ibr
ati
onsha
llbeimp
lemen
tedf
ort
hecon
tro
lroombu
ilt
ont
het
ail
racep
lat
form.

f) Thepos
iti
onando
rien
tat
ion wi
thgoodna
tur
alven
til
ati
onandl
igh
tingcond
iti
onsshou
ldbese
-
l
eced.
t

g) Atl
eas
ttwoi
nle
ts/ou
tle
tssha
llbea
rranged.

h) Comp
let
esa
fet
yandf
irecon
tro
lfac
il
it
iessha
llbea
rranged.

3.
9.12 Theaux
il
iar
ypowe
rhousea
reaandt
hei
nte
rna
llayou
tsha
llbede
termi
nedaccor
dingt
othe
r
equ
iremen
tsofl t,ma
ayou inenance,t
t estand managemen
toft
hee
lec
tromechan
ica
lequ
i t,
pmen
comb
inedwi
tht
hespec
ifi
ccond
iti
onso
fthepowe
rhouse.

9.
4 Over
allstab
ili
tyana
lys
isfo
rthepowe
rhouseongr
ound

4.
9.1 Gene
ralp
rov
isi
ons

4.
9.1.
1 Theove
ral
lst
abi
li
tyana
lys
iso
fthepowe
rhousesha
llbepe
rformedaccor
dingt
othef
ounda
-
t
ioncond
itons,s
i truc
tur
alcha
rac
ter
ist
icsandcons
truc
tioncond
itons.
i Thespec
ifi
ccon
ten
tsmayi
n-
c
ludet
hef
oll ng.
owi

a) Ca
lcu
lat
ionoft
hean
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tyoft
hef
ounda
tionsu
rface.Whent
heweaks
truc
tur
alsu
rface
un
favou
rab
let
otheove
ral
lst
abi
li
tyoft
hepowe
rhouseex
ist
sint
hepowe
rhousef
ounda
tion,
t
heca
lcu
lat
iono
fthedeepan
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tyo
fthepowe
rhousea
longt
hewea
kst
ruc
tur
esha
lla
l-
sobeca
lcu
laed.
t Forapowe
rhousel
oca
tedont
heea
rthf
ounda
tion,t
hecu
t-of
fwa
llf
loo
ran
ti-
s
lips
tab
il
itysha
llbeve
rif
ied.

b) Ca
lcu
lat
ionoft
heno
rma
lst
res
sont
hepowe
rhousef
ounda
tionsu
rface.

c) Ve
rif
ica
tiono
fthean
ti-
floa
tings
tab
il
ityoft
hepowe
rhouse (
inc
lud
ingt
hes
itua
tion whe
ret
he
secondphaseconc
ret
eoft
hepowe
rhousehasno
tbeenp
laced).

d) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othepowe
rhouseno
tont
her
ockf
ounda
tion,t
hebea
ringcapa
ciy,de
t forma
tion
andse
ttl
emen
toft
hef
ounda
tionsha
llbeve
rif
ied.

4.
9.1.
2 Theove
ral
lst
abi
li
tyandf
ounda
tions
tressoft
hepowe
rhouseshou
ldbeca
lcu
lat
edby ma
te-
r
ialmechan
icsme
thod.

4.
9.1.
3 Theca
lcu
lat
ionsf
ort
heove
ral
lst
abi
li
tyandf
ounda
tions
tressoft
hepowe
rhousesha
llbe
r
espec
tive
lype
rformedaccor
dingt
othel
oadcomb
ina
tions wi
tht
he mi
ddl
eun
itbay,s
ideun
itbay
172
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

ande
rec
tionbaysec
tiona
sasepa
rat
eun
it.Whent
hel
ate
ralwa
terp
res
sur
eac
tsont
hes
ideun
itbay
andt
hee
rec
tionbaysec
tion,t
heove
ral
lst
abi
li
tyandg
rounds
tressunde
rthee
ffec
toftwo
-waywa
-
t
erp
res
sur
eal
sosha
llbeve
rif
ied.

4.
9.1.
4 Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othepowe
rhousea
tt oe,t
hedamt hecomb
inede
ffec
toft
hepowe
rhouseand
t
hedamsha
llbecons
ide
redwhent
hepowe
rhouseandt
hedama
reconnec
tedasawho
le.

4.
9.2 Loadsandl
oadcomb
inat
ion

4.
9.2.
1 Loadsac
tingont
hepowe
rhousesha
lli
ncude:dead
l -we
igh
toft
hepowe
rhouseandi
tspe
r-
manen
tequ
i t,ba
pmen ck
fil
lwe
igh
tand wa
terwe
igh
tac
tingont
hepowe
rhouse,hyd
ros
tat
icp
res
-
su
re,up
lif
tpr
essu
re,sed
imen
tpr
essu
re,wavep
ressu
re,i
cep
res
sue,ea
r rt oad,dynami
hquakel c
l
oadduet
ogene
rat
orshor
tci
rcu
itng,andot
i herposs
ibl
eloads.

4.
9.2.
2 Thedead
-we
igh
tofeachpa
rto
fthepowe
rhousesha
llbede
termi
nedaccor
dingt
oit
sgeo-
me
tri
cdimens
ionandma
ter
ialwe
i t.
gh Thewe
igh
toft
hecommonma
ter
ial
sshou
ldbese
lec
tedi
nac
-
cor
dancewi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngva
lues:

a) 25kN/m3f
ort
her
ein
for
cedconc
ree;
t

b) t
heun
itwe
igh
toft
hema
son
ryshou
l o25kN/m3 ;
dbe21kN/m3t

c) t
heun
itwe
igh
toft
heback
fil
ledea
rthandr
ockshou
l o18kN/m3 .
dbe16kN/m3t

d) t
hewa
terwe
igh
tsha
llbeca
lcu
lat
edi
naccor
dancewi
tht
hea
ctua
lvo
lume;t
heun
itwe
igh
toft
he
wa
termaybe10kN/m3 .Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othe wa
terwe
igh
toft
heheav
ilysed
imen
tladenr
i r,
ve
t
hei
nfl
uenceoft
heac
tua
lsed
imen
tconcen
tra
tionsha
llbet
akeni
ntoa t.
ccoun

4.
9. 2.
3 Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othe we
igh
toft
hee
lec
tromechan
ica
lequ
ipmen
tint
he powe
rhouse,t
he
we
igh
toft
hes
tat
iona
ryma
inequ
ipmen
tsha
llbeca
lcu
laed,andt
t heaux
il
iar
yequ
ipmen
tandnon
-st
a-
t
iona
ryequ
ipmen
tmayno
tbecons
ide
red.

4.
9.2.
4 Thehyd
ros
tat
icp
ressu
rea
cti
ngont
hepowe
rhousesha
llbede
termi
nedt
hroughca
lcu
lat
ion
acco
rdi
ngt
otheups
treamanddowns
tream wa
terl
eve
lsoft
hepowe
rhouseunde
rdi
ffe
ren
tope
rat
ing
cond
itons.Wi
i thr
ega
rdt
otheheav
ilysed
imen
tri
ver,t
hei
nfl
uenceofsed
imen
tconcen
tra
tionon
wa
terwe
igh
tsha
llbet
akeni
ntoaccoun
tforr
ive
rwi
thheavysed t.
imen

4.
9.2.
5 Theup
lif
tpr
essu
rea
cti
ngont
hepowe
rhouseonar
ockf
ounda
tionsha
llbeca
lcu
lat
eda
c-
cor
dingt
othef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) I
tsha
llbeca
lcu
lat
eda
cco
rdi
ngt
othed
ist
ribu
tedf
orceona
llsec
tiona
lar
easoft
heca
lcu
lat
ion
173
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

sec
tion.

b) Theup
lif
tpr
essu
red
ist
ribu
tionpa
tte
rnoft
her
ive
r-s
idepowe
rhousef
loo
rmaybede
termi
ned
r
espec
tive
lyunde
rthef
oll
owi
ngt
hreecond
itons.
i

1) Whent
hean
ti-
seepagecu
rta
inandt
hed
rai
nageho
lea
rea
rrangedont
heups
treams
ideof
t
hepowe
rhouse,t
heup
lif
tpr
essu
repa
tte
rnsha
llbeadop
teda
ccor
dingt
oFi
gue8(
r a)and
t
heseepagep
res
sur
ein
tens
itycoe
ffi
cien
tα sha
llbe0.
25.

2) Whent
hean
ti-
seepagecu
rta
inandt
hed
rai
nageho
lea
reno
tar
rangedont
heups
treams
ide
oft
hepowe
rhouse,t
heac
tingheadoft
heup
lif
tpr
essu
r sH1 ont
ei heups
treams
ideoft
he
power
housefl
oo sH2 ont
randi hedowns
treams
ide,wh
icha
reconnec
ted wi
thas
tra
igh
t
l
ine,asshowninFi
gue8(
r b).

3) Whent
hean
ti-
seepagecu
rta
inandt
hed
rai
nageho
lea
rea
rrangedont
heups
treams
ideof
t
hepowe
rhouseandt
hed
rai
nageho
lesandpump
ing
-dr
ainagesys
tem a
rea
rrangedont
he
downs
treams
ide,t
heup
lif
tpr
essu
repa
tte
rni
sasshowni
nFi
gue8(
r c),whe
reα1i
s0.
2
andα2i 5.
s0.

F
igu
re8 Up
lif
tpr
essur
edi
str
ibut
ionpatter
nofthe waterr
eta
ini
ngpower
house

c) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othepowe
rhousea
tt oe,whent
hedamt hepowe
rhouseandt
hedama
reconnec
t-
edasawho
leort
hepe
rmanen
tde
forma
tionj
oin
tsa
rea
rrangedbe
tweent
hepowe
rhouseand
hedam,andhavebeensea
t ledwi
tht
hewa
ters
top,i
tsup
lif
tpr
essu
red
ist
ribu
tionpa
tte
rnsha
ll
becons
ide
redt
oge
the
rwi
t hedambody.
ht
174
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

1) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othepowe
rhousea
ttheg
rav
it oe,whent
ydamt hean
ti-
seepagecu
rta
inand
t
hed
rai
nageho
lesa
rea
rrangedont
heups
tream damf
ounda
tion,andt
her
eisnopump
ing
andd
rai
nagef
aci
li
tyi
nthedowns
tream damf
ounda
tion,t
heup
lif
tpr
essu
repa
tte
rni
sas
showni
nFi
gue9(
r a);ΔH i
sde
termi
nedt
hroughca
lcu
lat
ionacco
rdi
ngt
othepos
iti
onsof
t
hecu
rta
inandt
hed
rai
nageho
lesa
swe
llasva
luea.

2) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othepowe
rhousea
tthedamt
oeo
fthe wi
de-
slotdamandt
heho
llow dam,
ΔH=0,a
sshowni
nFi
gue9(
r b).

Key
1 powe
rhouse
b t
hedambody wi
dtha
tthewi
dej
oin
t

F
igu
re9 Up
lif
tpr
essur
edi
str
ibut
ionpatte
rnofpower
houseatdamtoe

d) Theups
treams
ideup
lif
tpr
essu
reac
tingont
hebu
ild
ingf
orar
ive
r-bankt
ypepowe
rhousemay
bede
termi
nedi
naccor
dancewi
tht
heunde
rgr
oundwa
terl
eve
landt
hed
rai
nagef
aci
li
ties.

e) Whent
hedu
rat
ionoff
loodpea
kisr
ela
tive
lyshor
tandt
hedowns
treamf
loodl
eve
lisr
ela
tive
ly
h
igh,t
heup
lif
tpr
essu
red
ist
ribu
tionpa
tte
rnoft
hepowe
rhousemayber
educedwi
thcons
ide
ra-
t
iong
ivent
othet
imee
ff t.
ec

4.
9.2.
6 Theup
lif
tpr
essu
red
ist
ribu
tionpa
tte
rno
fthepowe
rhouseno
tbu
iltonr
ockf
ounda
tionsha
ll
bede
termi
nedt
hroughca
lcu
lat
iono
rsimu
lat
iont
esta
ccor
dingt
othespec
ifi
csi
tua
tionoft
hedes
ign
f
ort
heunde
rgr
oundcon
tou
roft
hes
truc
tur
esi
nthepowe
rhouseaswe
llast
hepe
rmeab
il
itycha
rac
-
t
eri
sti
cso
fthef
ounda
tion.

4.
9.2.7 Thel
oadcomb
ina
tions maybec
las
sif
iedi
ntobas
iccomb
ina
tionandspec
ialcomb
ina
tion.
Thel
oadcomb
ina
tionf
ort
heove
ral
lst
abi
li
tyana
lys
iso
fthepowe
rhousemaybeadop
tedwi
thr
efe
r-
encet
othep
rov
isi
onsi
nTab
le26.
Othe
rposs
ibl
eun
favou
rab
lecomb
ina
tionsmaya
lsobecons
ide
red
whennecess
ary.

175
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

Tab
le26 Loadcomb
inat
ion

Loadca
tego
ry Rema
rks

We
igh
Ca

Deadwe

to
Loadcomb

Pe
l

Hyd
cu

Sed
rmanen

fba
l

Up

Wavep
a

So

I
Wa

Se
t

imen
os
eam/downs

cep
Ups
tr tream
i

l
ck

i
oncond

i
i

i
t

lp
t
gh

smi
tp
e

a
f
i
rwe
wa
terl
eve
l

r
tequ

l
to

tp

r
i
l
i

es
cp

es
edea

cl
na

es

es
fs

su
r

su
t

oad
es
r

su
i

su
i

gh
i

es

r
t
on

r
t

pmen
i

e
su
r
r

e
on

su
t

e
uc

r
handr

e
r
t

e
u

t
r
e

ock

Ups
treamno
rma
l
r
ese
rvo
irl
eve
land
a
1 √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
downs
tream
mi
nimum wa
terl
eve
l
Ba

No
s

rma
iccomb

Ups
treamdes
ignf
lood
lope

l
eve
landdowns
tream
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
i

a
2
r
na

co
rrespond
ing
t
t

i
i

on
on

wa
terl
eve
l

Downs
tream
b √ √ √ √ √ √ √
des
ignf
loodl
eve
l

Ups
treamno
rma
l
r
ese
rvo
irl
eve
land
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
Un

a
downs
tream ma
int
enance
itma

wa
terl
eve
l
int
enance

Downs
tream
b ma
int
enance √ √ √ √ √ √
Spec

wa
terl
eve
l
ialcomb

(1 ) The second
Ups
treamno
rma
l
ina

pha
se conc
ret
e f
or
r
ese
rvo
irl
eve
lor
t

Un
ion

t
he sp
ira
l ca
se ha
s
i

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
tno

a des
ignf
loodl
eve
l
no
tbeenp
laced
anddowns
tream
tbei

(
2)Thewa
ter
wa
terl
eve
l
ns

we
igh
tsha
llbe
t
a

de
termi
ned
ll
ed

Downs
tream a
cco
rdi
ngt
othe
b √ √ √ √ √ √
des
ignf
loodl
eve
l a
ctua
lsi
tua
tion.

176
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

Tab
le26 (
con
tinued)

Loadca
tego
ry Rema
rks

We
igh
Ca

Deadwe

to
Loadcomb

Pe
l

Hyd
cu

Sed
rmanen

fba
l

Up

Wavep
a

So

I
Wa

Se
t

imen
os
eam/downs

cep
Ups
tr tream
i

l
ck

i
oncond

i
i

i
t

lp
t
gh

smi
tp
e

a
f
i
rwe
wa
terl
eve
l

r
tequ

l
to

tp

r
i
l
i

es
cp

es
edea

cl
na

es

es
fs

su
r

su
t

oad
es
r

su
i

su
i

gh
i

es

r
t
on

r
t

pmen
i

e
su
r
r

e
on

su
t

e
uc

r
handr

e
r
t

e
u

t
r
e

ock
Abno

Ups
treamcheckf
lood
a l
eve
landdowns
tream √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
rma

checkf
loodl
eve
l
lope
Spec

Downs
treamcheck
a

√ √ √ √ √ √ √
t

b
ion
i

f
loodl
eve
l
alcomb

I
tmaybespec
ifi
ed
Ups
treamno
rma
lrese
rvo
ir
Ea
i

o
the
rwi
sei
fthe
r
na

a l
eve
landdowns
tream √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
hqua
ti

ups
treamand
on

mi
nimum wa
terl
eve
l
kecond

downs
tream wa
ter
l
eve
lsa
res
ube
jct
ed
Downs
treamno
rma
l
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √ t
i

b oano
the
rdemon
str
a-
ti

wa
terl
eve
l
on

t
ion
Notes1 I
nthet
abe,aapp
l liest
othewa
terr
eta
ini
ngpowe
rhouseandbapp
liest
othepowe
rhousea
tthedamt
oe
andt
her
ive
r-s
idepowe
rhouse;
Notes2 I
fwavep
res
sur
eandi
cep
res
sur
edono
tex
ista
tthes ime,e
amet ithe
roft
hem maybese
lec
tedf
ort
he
ca
lcu
lat
iona
cco
rdi
ngt
othea
ctua
lsi
tua
tion;
Notes3 Thes
itua
tiondu
ringcons
truc
tionsha
llbeve
rif
ieda
sneces
sar
yand maybeuseda
sthespec
ialcomb
ina
-
t
ion;
Notes4 I
tmaybeuseda
sthespec
ialcomb
ina
tioni
fthed
rai
nagef
ail
ures
itua
tioni
sta
keni
ntoa
ccoun
twhent
he
d
rai
nageho
lesa
rea
rrangedont
hepowe
rhousef
ounda
tion;
Notes5 Theco
rrespond
ingdowns
tream wa
terl l,unde
eve rCa
sea
2inNo
rma
lOpe
rat
ing,Ca
seai
nUn
itno
tbeI
n-
s
tal
led,andCa
seai
nAbno
rma
lOpe
rat
ion,r
efe
rst
othe wa
terl
eve
lst
hata
re mos
tun
favou
rab
lef
ort
he
power
house whenthedesi
gnfloodleve
lorcheckfl
oodleve
loccu
rsi
ntheups
tream,
inc
lud
ingt
hes
cena
ri-
osofthefl
oodd i
scha
rgi
ngo rnoflooddis
char
gingfromthedam;
Notes6 Theups
tream wa
terl
eve
lisde
termi
nedbyt
hel
ayou
toft
he wa
ter
stopf
ort
hea
t-dam-
toepowe
rhouse,
andbyt
heunde
rgr
oundt
abl
efo
rther
ive
r-s
idepowe
rhouse.

4.
9.3 Ca
lcu
lat
ionoftheove
ral
lstab
ili
tyandg
roundst
ress

4.
9.3.
1 Thean
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tyoft
heen
tir
epowe
rhouse maybeca
lcu
lat
edbyt
heFormu
la(
23)t
o

177
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

Formu
la(
25),andeachf
orcei
sthef
orceac
tingont
hef
ounda
tionoft
hepowe
rhouse.
Themi
nimum
sa
fet
yfac
torf
ort
hean
ti-
sli
pst
abi
li
tyo
fthepowe
rhousesha
llmee
tther
equ
iremen
tsi
nTab
le27.

Tab
le27 Mi
nimumsafetyf
actor
sfortheant
i-s
lipstab
ili
tyofthePowe
rhouse

Founda
tionType LoadComb
ina
tion Sa
fet
yFa
cto
r App
liedFo
rmu
la

Ba
siccomb
ina
tion 1.
25

So
ftf
ounda
tion Spec
ialcomb
ina
tion Ⅰ 1.
10 Fo
rmu
la(
23),(
24)

Spec
ialcomb
ina
tion Ⅱ 1.
05

Ba
siccomb
ina
tion 1.
10

Spec
ialcomb
ina
tion Ⅰ 1.
05 Fo
rmu
la(
23)

Spec
ialcomb
ina
tion Ⅱ 1.
00
Rockf
ounda
tion
Ba
siccomb
ina
tion 3.
00

Spec
ialcomb
ina
tion Ⅰ 2.
50 Fo
rmu
la(
25)

Spec
ialcomb
ina
tion Ⅱ 2.
30

NOTE Spec
ialcomb
ina
tion Ⅰi
sinca
seo
ftu
rbi
ne-
gene
rat
orma
inenance,cons
t truc
tionpe
riod,comp
let
ionandab
-
no
rma
lope
rat
ion.
Spec
ialcomb
ina
tion Ⅱi
sinca
seo
fea
rt ke.
hqua

4.
9. 3.
2 Theno rma
lstr
essonthepowerhousefoundati
onmaybecal
cul
atedinaccor
dancewit
hthe
Formu
la(22).Theave
ragest
ressonthesoi
lfoundati
onsha
llnotbeg
reate
rthantheall
owab
lebea
r-
i
ngcapac
ity;t
hemax
imums
tresssha
llno
tbel
esst
han1.
2timest
hea
llowab
lebea
ringcapac
ityof
t
hef
ounda
tion.Thea
llowab
lenon
-un
iformcoe
ffi
cien
tsf
ort
heno
rma
lst
ressesa
cti
ngont
hef
ounda
-
t
iona
rel
ist
edi
nTab
le17.

4.
9.3.
3 Theno
rma
lst
res
sont
hef
ounda
tionsu
rfa
ceoft
hepowe
rhouseonr
ockf
ounda
tionsha
ll
mee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
tswhenca
lcu
lat
edbyt
hema
ter
ialmechan
icsme
thod.

a) The max
imum normalstressbornebyt hepowerhousefounda
tionsurf
aceshallnotbegreat
er
thanthe a
llowab
le bea
ring capac
ity of t
he f
ounda t
ion.Under ea
rthquake cond
iti ,
ons the
a
llowab
lebea
ringcapac
ityoft
hef
ounda
tionmaybei
ncr
easedapp
rop
ria
tey.
l

b) The mi
nimum no
rma
lst
ress (
coun
tedi
nthe up
lif
tpr
essu
re)bor
ne by t
he powe
rhouse
f
ounda
tionsu
rfacesha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

1) Therive
rbedpowerhousesha
llbeg r
eate
rt hanzerointhecaseofear
thquake;unde
rea
rth
-
quakecond
iti ,
ons theall
owabletensi
lestr
es ssha
llnotbegr ea
tert
han0.1 MPa.

2) Thepowerhousea
tthedamt oeandtheriver
-sidepowerhouse,shal
lbegrea
terthanzero
unde
rnormaloper
ati
ngcond
iti ;
ons pa
rti
altensi
lestr
essnotmo rethan0.
1 MPato0.2 MPa
i
saccept
abl
eunderthe “
uni
tma inenance”,“
t uni
thasnotbeeninst
aled”and “
l abno
rma
l
ope
rat
ion”cond
itons.
i Ifthetens
ilestr
essismoret
han0.2 MPaunderea
rthqua
kecondi
-
t
ions,t
hissha
llbepa
rti
cul
arl
ydemons
tra
ted.
178
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

4.
9.3.4 Theant
i-f
loa
tingstabi
lit
yoft hepowerhousemaybeca
lcu
lat
edinacco
rdancewi t
htheFor
-
mua(
l 34)wi
ththemos tun
f avourab
lescena
rio,wherethet
urb
ine
-gene
rat
orma i
ntenance,t
urb
ine
-
gene
rat
orno
ttobei
nst
aled,abno
l rma
lope
rat
iona
rea
sshowni
nTab
le25.

∑W …………………………(34 )
Kf =
U

whe
re

Kf i
sthean
ti-
floa
tings
tab
il
itysa
fet
yfac
tor,g
rea
tert
han1.
1unde
ranycond
iton;
i

∑W i
sthewe
i t(
gh f
orces)
oft
heun
itbayo
rer
ect
ionbay,i
nkN;

U i
sthet
ota
lup
lif
tpr
essu
rea
cti
ngont
heun
itbayore
rec
tionbay,i
nkN.

4.
9.3.
5 Theseepagepa
thl
eng
tho
fthepowe
rhouseonso
ilf
ounda
tionsha
llmee
tther
equ
iremen
ts
offounda
tionseepages
tab
il
ity.Theseepagepa
thl
eng
th maybeca
lcu
lat
edi
naccor
dance wi
tht
he
Formul ( )
a 20 .

9.
5 St
ructu
raldes
ignofthepowe
rhouse

5.
9.1 Gene
ralp
rov
isi
ons

5.
9.1.
1 Thepowe
rhouses
truc
tur
eoft
hehyd
ropowe
rst
ati
on maybed
ivi
dedi
ntouppe
rst
ruc
tur
e
andl
owe
rst
ruc
tue.
r

● Theuppe rst
ructu
reinc
ludesthebentf
ramecolumn,cranebeam,g
roundf
loorbeam ands
lab,
roof,connec
tionbeam,ringbeamandtai
lwa
terframe.

● Thelowerstruc
tur
eincl
udesthereta
ining wa
ll,floor,turb
inefloorbeam ands ab,gene
l rat
or
pi
er,spi
ra se,d
lca raf
ttube,wate
r-col
lect
ing wel,t
l a
ilwa
tergat
ep ierandtai
lra
cep l
atf
orm.

5.
9.1.2 Thes
truc
tur
aldes
igno
fthepowe
rhousesha
llber
espec
tive
lyca
lcu
lat
edandve
rif
ieda
c-
cor
dingt
othef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isi
onsi
naccor
dance wi
tht
her
equ
iremen
tso
fthel
imi
tst
ateoft
he
bea
ringcapac
ityandt
heno
rma
lse
rvi
ceab
il
ityl
imi
tst
ate.

a) Bea
ringcapaci
ty:thebear
ingcapac
ityshal
lbecalcu
latedfora
llt
hestruc
tur
almembersofthe
powerhouse;thesei
smicbea
ringcapac
itysha
llbecalcu
lat
edforthes
truc
tur
esrequ
iri
ngear
th-
qua
kef
ort
ifi
cat
ion.

b) Deformat
ion:t
hedef
orma t
ionsha
llbeveri
fiedforthes
truct
ura
lmembe
rsr
equ
iri
ngde
forma
tion
con
trol,sucha
sthecranebeamandt hepowe r
houseframework.
179
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

c) Crackcont
rol:t
hean ti
-cr
ackorc
r ack wi
d t
hshallbeveri
fiedforthelowerst
ruc
tur
e membe
rs
beari
ng wat
erpressu
re,suchasthereinforcedconc
ret
esp ir
alcase,gat
epir,b
e reas
twal
land
wa
ter
-re
tai
ning wa
ll;t
hec
rackwi
dthsha
llbeve
rif
iedf
ort
heuppe
rst
ruc
tur
emembe
rsr
equ
ired
t
olimi
tthec
rackwi
dth.

5.
9. 1.
3 Thegene
rals
tructur
almember
softhepower
housestr
uct
uremayonl
ybesubec
j tt
ot heca
l-
cu
lat
iono
fthestat
icforce;howeve
r,thedynami
ccal
cul
ati
onshal
lbeper
formedf
orthestr
uctur
al
member
sd ir
ect
lybear
ingthevibr
ati
onl
oadsoftheequi
pmen tsuchasthesuppo
rti
ngs
truc
tureof
t
hegenera
tor.Thegener
alst
ruc
turemaybeca
lcu
latedwitht
hes tr
uct
ura
lmechani
csmet ;
hod inad-
d
iti
ont
othes
truc
tur
almechan
icsme
thod,t
hecomp
lexs
truc
tur
eshou
lda
lsobeca
lcu
lat
edandana
-
l
ysedwi
tht
hef
ini
tee
lemen
tme
thod.

5.
9. 1.
4 Theconcr
eteonthepower
housepart
sshal
lmeetthestrengthrequi
remen
ts;besi
desthe
du
rabi
li
tyr
equ
irement
sinc
ludi
ngtheant
i-pe
rmeab
il
ity,f
ros
tr es
istance,erosi
oncont
rolandan
t i
-
scou
rsha
llber
espec
tive
lyi
ncr
easeda
ccor
dingt
otheenv
ironmen
talcond
itons,se
i rvi
cecond
iti
ons
andl
oca
lcl
ima
tic cond
itons.The conc
i ret
est
reng
thg
rade may be adop
ted wi
thr
efe
rence t
o
Tab
le28.

Tab
le28 St
rengthgr
adeoftheconcr
eteonva
riouspa
rtsofthepower
housest
ructur
e

St
reng
thg
rade
No. St
ruc
tur
alpa
rt Rema
rks
(
28-dayage)

1 La
rge
-vo
lumef
ounda
tion ≥C20

Dr
af ube,sp
tt ira se,
lca
gene
rat
orp
ier,f
anhous
ing,
2 ≥C25
t
ailwa
terga
tep
ierand
unde
rwa
terwa
ll

Conc
ret
est
ruc
tur
eint
he
3 ≥C25
wa
terl
eve
lchang
inga
rea

Uppe
rst
ruc
tur
albeam,p
lae,
t
4 ≥C25
andp
il
lar

Br
idgedeckandp
ref
abr
ica
ted
No
tlowe
rthanC35 whenHRB400
5 r
ein
for
cedconc
ret
ecr
ane ≥C30
r
ein
for
cemen
tisused.
beamr
ooft
rus
s
Whent
heh
igh
-st
reng
ths
tee
lwi
reand
hea
ttempe
ringba
rsa
reusedf
or
P
re-
str
essedr
ein
for
ced
6 ≥C35 r
pe-
str
essedr
ein
for t,t
cemen he
conc
ret
emembe
r
conc
ret
est
reng
thg
radeshou
ldno
tbe
l
owe
rthanC40.

NOTE1 I
fthe membe
remp
loysHRB400r
ein
for
cemen
tandbea
rsr
epea
teda
cton,t
i heconc
ret
est
reng
thg
rade
shou
ldno
tbel
owe
rthanC25;
NOTE2 Thepos
iti
onswi
thse
riousf
reezet
hawi
ngcond
iti
onsandt
hata
rer
equ
iredf
oran
ti-
scou
randab
ras
ionr
e-
s
isance,t
t hissha
llbede
termi
nedt
hroughded
ica
tedr
esea
rch,andt
heconc
ret
est
reng
thg
radesha
llno
tbe
l
owe
rthanC25.

180
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

5.
9.2 Lowe
rpor
tionst
ructur
e

9.5.
2.
1 Whent hef
oundationishardandin
teg
ra ock,i
lr tmaybe madein
tothesepara
tedflooror
removedf
loor.
Thefloort
hicknessshou
ldbe0.
3 mto0.
5 m.
Ift
hef
loorisomi
tted,therocksur
face
sha
llbepol
ishedandshou
ldbeab
letores
istimpac
tandwear.Withrega
rdtothepowerhousewi th
poorgeo
logica
lcond
itons,t
i hein
teg
ralre
infor
cedconc
ret
efloorshou
ldbeused,andt
het hickness
shou
ldbe2mt
o3mo e.
rmor

9.5.
2.
2 Thed r
afttubest
ructu
re maybed i
videdin
tothreepars:t
t hetapertubesec
tion,e
lbow
tubesec
tionanddif
fuse
rsect
i ;
on t hei
nne
rforcesha
llbeana
lysedbycor
respondi
ng mehod.
t

5.
9.2.3 Thedesi
gnloadsoft
hedra
fttubes
truc
ture mayi
nclude:dead we
ightoft hestruc
ture,
wei
ghto
fthestr
uctu
reandequi
pmen
tabovethedra
fttuberoof,in
terna
lwaterpressure,exter
nal
wa
terp
res
sur
eandup
lif
tpr
essu
re.

5.
9.2.
4 Thed
raf
ttubes
truc
tur
esha
llbeca
lcu
lat
edunde
rthef
oll
owi
ngf
ourcond
itons.
i

a) Normalopera
tion:t
hecombina
tionl
oadsinc
ludethedeadwei
ghtoft
hes t
ructu
re,thewe i
ghtof
t
hes t
ructu
reandequ i
pmen
tabovet hedr
afttuberoof,t
hei
nter
nalwat
erp r
essue(
r normalt
ail
-
wa
terl l),ex
eve t
erna
lwa
terp
res
sue(
r norma
lta
ilwa
terl l)andup
eve lif
tpr
essu
re(
norma
lta
il
-
wa
terl l).
eve

b) Mai
ntenancepe
riod:t
hecombinedl
oadsincludethedeadwei
ghtofthes
tructu
re,thewei
ghtof
t
hes t
ructur
eandequi
pmentabovethedr
a f
tt uberoo
ft,heexte
rna
lwate
rp r
essur (
e normalt
ail
-
wa
terl l)andup
eve lif
tpr
essu
re(
norma
lta
ilwa
terl l).
eve

c) Cons
truc
tion pe
riod:t
hecomb
inedl
oadsi
ncl
udet
hedead we
igh
toft
hes
truc
tue,andt
r he
we
igh
toft
hes
truc
tur
eandequ
ipmen
tabovet
hed
raf
ttuber
oof.

d) Checkf
loodoper
aton:t
i hecombi
nedloadsi
ncludethedeadweigh
to ft
hes
truct
ure,t heweight
ofthest
ruct
ureandequ
i pmen
tabovethed r
afttuberoof,theinte
rna
lwaterpressu
r e(check
t
ailwat
e rl
evel),ex
ter
nalwa
terp
res
sue(
r checkt
ailwa
terl l)andup
eve lif
tpr
essu
re(
checkt
ail
-
waterlevel).

5.
9.2.5 Thei
nne
rfor
ceo
fthed
raf
ttubes
truc
tur
esha
llbeca
lcu
lat
edacco
rdi
ngt
othef
oll
owi
ng
r
pinc
ipes.
l

a) Theve
r t
ica
lwa t
erflow d
irect
ionshoul
dbes imp
lif
iedin
t otheplaneprobem,i.
l e.t
hezon
ing
al
ongthewa t
erflowdi
recti
ont oobt
ainseve
ralp
rofil ,
es andcal
culat
inginaccor
dancewi
ththe
l
panef
rame.

b) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othepowe
rhousewi
tht
heh
ight
ailwa
terl l,t
eve hes
treng
thoft
her
oof,f
loo
rand
bu
ttr
essa
longt
hewa
terf
lowd
irec
tionsha
llbeve
rif
ied.
181
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

9.5.
2.6 The me
talspi
ralca
seshal
lbeusedf orthehyd
ropowe
rstat
ions wi
tht he med
ium orhigh
heads;whi
lerei
nfor
cedconc r
etespi
ralcaseshoul
dbeusedfort
hes tat
ions withthelow heads
(
head<30m)whent
hesp
ira
lcases
izei
ssma
ll.

5.
9.2.
7 Thedes
ignl
oadso
fther
ein
for
cedconc
ret
esp
ira
lca
ses
truc
tur
ear
easf
olows:
l

a) deadwe
igh
toft
hes
truc
tue;
r

b) l
oadst
rans
fer
redf
romt
hegene
rat
orp
ierandt
hef
anhous
ing;

c) l
ivel
oadont
heg
roundoft
het
urb
inef
loor;

d) i
nte
rna
lwa
terp
res
sue.
r

5.
9.2.
8 Thedes
igno
fther
ein
for
cedconc
ret
esp
ira
lca
ses
truc
tur
esha
llbeca
lcu
lat
edacco
rdi
ngt
o
t
hef
oll
owi
ng wo
rki
ngcond
itons.
i

a) Fornormaloper
ati
onoft
hespi
ralcasetha
tdoesnotbea ri
nte
rnalwaterp
ressure,thecombined
l
oadincl
udesthedeadwei
ghto
ft hestr
uctur
et, hel
oadstr
ansfe
rredf
romt hegener
a t
orpie
rand
t
hef
anhous
ingandt
hel
ivel
oadont
heg
roundo
fthet
urb
inef
loor.

b) Fornormalopera
tion ofthespi
ralcase unde
ri nt
ernal wate
rp ressure,thecombi
nedload
inc
ludesthedeadweightofthes
truct
ure,theloadstrans
ferr
edf r
omt hegener
ato
rpi
erandthe
f
anhous
ing,t
hel
oadont
heg
roundoft
het
urb
inef
loorandt
hei
nte
rna
lwa
terp
ressu
re.

5.
9.2.
9 Thef
oll
owi
ngas
sump
tionsshou
ldbeadop
tedi
nthedes
ignandca
lcu
lat
ionoft
her
ein
for
ced
conc
ret
esp
ira
lca
ses
truc
tue.
r

a) Thec
rack
sar
eaccep
tab
le whent
hesp
ira
lca
se wi
thou
tbea
ringi
nte
rna
lwa
terp
res
sur
eisde
-
s
igned.

b) Thec
racksa
rea
ccep
tab
lewhent
hesp
ira
lcaset
hatbea
rsi
nte
rna
lwa
terp
ressu
rei
sdes
igned;or
t
hec
rackdeve
lop
ing wi
dthi
slimi
tedi
nthedes
ignoft
hesp
ira
lcase.

c) Thet
empe
rat
ures
tresswi
llnotbet
akeni
nt t.
oaccoun

9.5.
2.
10 Thegener
atorpi
eristhesuppor
tingstr
uctur
eforthegenerat
orandthetur
bineandbear
s
hugeli
vel oads;su
oadsanddeadl ff
ici
entr
igid
ity,st
rengt
handstabi
li
tysha
llbeensu
redbyt her
ein
-
forcedconc
ret
estructu
re.Thedesi
gnofthegene
rat
orp
iera
lsoi
ncl
udest
heconc
ret
ewa
lla
roundt
he
generat
orwindpa
ss age (
windshi
eld).

5.
9.2.
11 Thedes
ignl
oadsoft
hegene
rat
orp
iers
truc
tur
esha
llbea
sfo
llows.
182
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

a) Deadl
oads:

1) deadwe
igh
toft
hegene
rat
orp
ier;

2) deadwe
igh
toft
hegene
rat
orf
loors
labandt
hel
ivel t;
oadoni

3) we
igh
toft
hegene
rat
ors
taor;
t

4) we
igh
toft
heexc
ite
rst
ato
randt
heaux
il
iar
yequ
i t;
pmen

5) we
igh
toft
heuppe
rfame;
r

6) we
igh
toft
hel
owe
rfame;
r

7) we
igh
toft
het
urb
ine.

b) L
i oads:
vel

1) we
igh
toft
hegene
rat
orr
oto
rtoge
the
rwi
tht
hesha
ft;

2) we
igh
toft
heexc
ite
rrot
or;

3) we
igh
toft
het
urb
iner
otort
oge
the
rwi
tht
hesha
ft;

4) ax
ialwa
tert
hrus
toft
het
urb
ine;

5) ho
rizon
talcen
tri
fuga
lfoce;
r

6) no
rma
ltor
queo
fthegene
rat
or;

7) shor
t-c
ircu
itt
orqueo
fthegene
rat
or.

5.
9.2.
12 Thedes
ignandca
lcu
lat
ionoft
hegene
rat
orp
iersha
llbepe
rformedunde
rtwowor
kingcon
-
d
itons,name
i lynorma
lope
rat
ioncond
iti
onsandsho
rt-
cir
cui
tcond
itons.Thel
i oadcomb
ina
tionsha
ll
comp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons.
i

a) Norma
lope
rat
ion:t
hel
oadcomb
ina
tionsha
lli
ncl oads (
udedeadl 1)t
o(7)andl
i oads (
vel 1)t
o
(
6).

b) Shor
t-c
ircu
it:t
hel
oadcomb
ina
tionsha
lli
ncl oads (
udedeadl 1)t
o(7),
li oads (
vel 1)t
o(5)and
t
hel
i oad (
vel 7).
183
SHP/TG 002
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2019

5.
9.2.
13 Thedynami
cca
lcu
lat
iono
fthegene
rat
orp
iersha
llbepe
rfo
rmedi
nli
newi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ng
r
pinc
ipes.
l

a) Ther
esonance,amp
lit
udeanddynami
ccoe
ffi
cien
tsha
llbeve
rif
ied.

b) Ther
ati
ooft
hed
iff
erencebe
tweent
hena
tur
alv
ibr
ati
onf
requencyandt
hef
orcedv
ibr
ati
onf
re-
quencyo
fthegene
rat
orp
iert
othena
tur
alv
ibr
ati
onf
requencysha
llbemor
et o30% ,
han20%t
ort
her
ati
ooft
hed
iff
erencebe
tweent
hef
orcedv
ibr
ati
onf
requencyandt
hena
tur
alv
ibr
ati
on
f
requencyt
othef
orcedv
ibr
ati
onf
requencyoft
hegene
rat
orp
iersha
llbemo
ret
han20%t
o30%
t
oavo
i esonance.
dr

c) Theamp
lit
udeo
fthef
orcedv
ibr
ati
ono
fthegene
rat
orp
iersha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
ire
-
men
ts:t
heve
rti
calamp
lit
udesha
llnotbe mor
ethan0.
1 mmf
ort
hel
ong
-te
rmcomb
ina
tionor
no
tbemo
ret
han0.
15mmf
ort
hesho
rt-
termcomb
ina
tion;t
hesumofhor
izon
talt
ransve
rseand
t
ors
iona
lamp
lit
udessha
llnotbe mo
ret
han0.
15 mmf
ort
hel
ong
-te
rm comb
ina
tion,ornotbe
mor
ethan0.
2 mmf
ort
hesho
rt-
termcomb
ina
tion.

5.
9.2.
14 Thedes
ignl
oadsoft
hef
anhous
ingl
oads
truc
tur
ear
easf
olows:
l

a) deadwe
igh
tandwe
igh
toft
hegene
rat
orf
loors
lab.

b) l
ivel
oado
fthegene
rat
orf
l r.
oo

c) t
empe
rat
ures
tress.

d) ho
rizon
talt
hrus
toft
hel
ift
ingj
ackont
hegene
rat
oruppe
rfame.
r

e) r
est
rai
ntt
orqueapp
liedbyt
hegene
rat
orf
loort
othef
anhous
ing whent
heshor
t-c
ircu
itt
orque
happenst
othegene
raor.
t

5.
9.2.
15 Thes
truc
tur
eoft
hef
anhous
ingshou
ldbedes
igneda
ccor
dingt
othef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipl
es
andme
thods.

a) I
tsbo
ttom sha
llbef
ixed,andt
het
opshou
ldbeconnec
tedt
othe gene
rat
orf
loors
laba
sa
who
le.

b) Theinne
rf or
cecausedduet othetemper
atureef
fectshoul
dber educed wi
thcons
idera
tion
i
gventotheinf
luencea
fte
rthest
ruct
ureiscra ,
cked orthetempe
rat
u r
ee ff
ectmaybeoff
setby
l
owe
ringt
hedes
igns
treng
thoft
her
ein
for t.
cemen

c) Themax
imumc
rackwi
dtho
fthef
anhous
ingshou
ldbe0.
4 mmi
nthenorma
lse
rvi
ceab
il
ityl
imi
t
s
tae.
t
184
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

5.
9.2.
16 Thel
oadoft
hebu
lbt
ubu
larun
itsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thel
oadoft
hebu
lbt
ubu
larun
itshou
ldbede
termi
nedaccor
dingt
othef
oll
owi
ngf
ivecond
i-
t
ions:

1) t
her
unne
risemp
tied;

2) t
her
unne
risf
il
ledwi
thwa
ter;

3) unde
rra
tedope
rat
ingcond
iton;
i

4) l
oadshedd
ingcond
iton;
i

5) r
unawayope
rat
ings
taus.
t

b) The wa
teri
nta
kesec
tionandt
hed
raf
ttubesec
tion maybeca
lcu
lat
edaccor
dingt
othep
lane
f
rameont
hee
las
ticf
ounda
tionbeambyus
ingt
heun
itwi
dtho
fthes
truc
tue.
r Ther
adi
alandax
-
i
ald
irec
tionssha
llbecons
ide
redi
nthes
truc
tur
aldes
ignoft
hemi
ddl
esec
tiono
fthef
low pa
s-
sage.
SeeTab
le29f
ort
hel
oadsa
cti
ngont
hemi
ddl
esec
tionoff
low pass
ageandt
hei
rcomb
ina
-
t
ion.

Tab
le29 Loadsact
ingonthemi
ddl
esect
ionofther
unnerandthel
oadcomb
inat
ion

Loads
Ex
I
nt

Ac
t
e

e
r

t
Up
na

Se
i
na
Wa

Tempe
Deadwe

ngf

Des
ign Load Ca
lcu
lat
ion
lwa

l
lwa

i
i

smi
t

L
imi
tst
ate
tp
e

o
rwe

s
itua
tion comb
ina
tion cond
iti
on
r
t

cf
r

ceo

r
e

es

a
rp

rp

t
i

o
i
gh

su

r
gh

r
fun
r

ce
es

e
t

r
es
t

e
su

su

it
r

r
e

No
rma
l
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ —
Pe
rsi
sten
t Ba
sic ope
rat
ion
s
itua
tion comb
ina
tion Ove
rhau
l
√ — — √ √ — √ —
L
imi
tst
ateo
f cond
iti
on
bea
ring
Tr
ans
ien
t Checkf
lood √ √ √ √ √ √ — —
capa
cit
y
s
itua
tion Acc
iden
tal Ea
rthqua
ke √ √ √ √ √ √ — √

Acc
iden
tal comb
ina
tion Runaway √ √ √ √ √ √ √ —

s
itua
tion Sho
rtc
ircu
it √ √ √ √ √ √ √ —

Pe
rsi
sten
t Se
rvi
ceab
il
ity St
anda
rd No
rma
l
√ √ √ √ √ √ √ —
s
itua
tion l
imi
tst
ate comb
ina
tion ope
rat
ion

185
SHP/TG 002
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2019

c) Thep
rinc
ipl
esandme
thodso
fst
ruc
tur
alca
lcu
lat
ionsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

1) Thel
iningef
fec
to ft
hetubula
rshel
lwi l
lnotbecons
ider
edinthest
ruc
tur
alcal
cul
ati
onfor
themiddl
esect
ionofthefl
ow passage;al
lthel
oads wi
llbebor
nebythere
infor
cedcon-
c
ree.
t

2) Unde
rtheacti
onofax
ialload,str
uctur
alca
lcu
lat
ionshoul
dnotperf
o rmedforthef
loo
rand
thes
idepi
ersint
heaxia
ld i
rec
ti (
on inthewat
erflowdir
ecti ),
on bu ttheyshou
ldbeappr
o-
r
pia
tel
yre
inf
orcedwhenl
ayi
ngt
her
ein
for t.Thei
cemen nne
rfo
rcei
ntheax
iald
irec
tionon
t
her
unne
rroofshou
ldbeca
lcu
lat
edsepa
rat
ely.

3) Whent
hes
truc
tur
almechan
icsme
thodi
susedf
ort
heca
lcu
lat
ion,t
heun
itwi
dthsha
llbe
ob
tai
neda
longt
hewa
terf
lowd
irec
tionunde
rtheac
tiono
fther
adi
all
oadandca
lcu
lat
edi
n
acco
rdancewi
tht
hep
lanef
rameont
hee
las
ticf
ounda
tion.

4) Whenthes
truct
ura
lmechani
csme t
hodisusedf
orthecal
cul
aton,t
i her oofisanarchstr
uc-
tureontwosidepier
softher r;i
unne tmaybesimpl
if
iedin
toarec
tangularbeam wit
htwo
f
ixedends.Theconcen
tra
teds
tresso
ftheco
lumnont
het
ubu
larshe
lloft
her
oofi
sre
la-
t
ive
l r
ygea
tsot
hatt
heca
lcu
lat
ionshou
ldbepe
rformedaccor
dingt
otheconcen
tra
tedl
oad
onthebeam andthehang
ingbar
sshouldbeequipped.Whenthehei
ght
-spanrat
ioofthe
l>0.
beam h/ 5( histhebeamhei tandli
gh sthene twi
dthofbeam),thestr
essana
lys
is
andr
ein
for
cemen
tar
rangemen
tshou
ldbepe
rformedi
naccor
dancewi
tht
hedeepbeam.

5) Wheni
tisana
lysed wi
tht
hef
ini
tee
lemen
tme
thod,t
he mi
ddl
esec
tiono
fther
unne
rmay
beusedf
ort
heove
ral
lana
lys
is.Thes
tressi
sconcen
tra
tedont
heconnec
tionbe
tweent
he
co
lumnoft
het
ubu
larshe
llandt
heconc
ret
esot
hatt
her
ein
for
cingba
rsont
hispos
iti
on
sha
llber
ela
tive
lyr
ein
foced.
r

6) I
ntheca
lcu
lat
ionoft
hes
truc
tur
als
tat
icf
orce,t
hel
ivel
oadsha
llbe mu
lti
pli
edbyt
hedy
-
nami
ccoe
ffi
ci t.
en

5.
9.3 Uppe
rpor
tionst
ructu
re

5.
9. 3.
1 Theloadsbornebythecranebeamincl
udet hedeadwe
ightofthebeam,t heweigh
to fthe
st
eelr
ailandi
tsacces
sor
ies,thevert
ica
lwheelpressur
eo ft
hecr
aneandthetransvese/
r longi
tudi
nal
hori
zonta
lact
ions.
Theweightstanda
rdvalueo
fthes
tee
lrai
landi
tsaccessor
iessha
llbedete
rmined
accord
ingtothemanu
fac
ture ’
rsda t ,
a andmaybe1. /
5kN mt o2. /
0kN mf orthepre
limi
nar
yca l
cul
a-
t
ion.Thes
tanda
rdva
lueso
fthet
ransve
rseandl
ong
itud
ina
lhor
izon
talac
tionsoft
hec
ranesha
llbe
adop
teda
ccor
dingt
otheposs
ibl
emax
imumva
luep
rov
idedbyt
hemanu
fac
tur
er.

5.
9.3.
2 Thes
tanda
rdva
lueo
fto
rquea
cti
ngont
hec
ranebeamsha
llbeca
lcu
laed.
t

5.
9.3.
3 Thedes
igno
fthec
ranebeamsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.
186
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

a) I
nadd
iti
ont
othedes
ignaccor
dingt
othebea
ringcapac
ity,t
hede
flec
tionsha
lla
lsobeve
rif
ied
a
ccor
dingt
othenorma
lope
rat
iona
lrequ
iremen
ts.

b) Max
imuma
llowab
lede
flec
tioni
ntheshor
t-t
ermcomb
ina
tionoft
hec
ranebeamoft
hee
lec
tri
cal
b
ridgec
rane:L0/600f
ort
her
ein
for
cedconc
ret
ecanebeam;L0/750f
r ort
hes
tee
lst
ruc
tue(
r L0
r
efe
rst
otheca
lcu
lat
edspanoft
hec
ranebeam).

c) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
other
ein
for
cedconc
ret
ecanebeam,t
r hec
rackdeve
lop
ingwi
dthsha
lla
lsobeve
r-
i
fied,andt
hemax
imumc
racki
nsho
rt-
termcomb
ina
tionsha
llno
tbemo
ret
han0.
3 mm.

d) I
fthec
ranei
npowe
rhouseo
fhyd
ropowe
rst
ati
oni
sal
igh
t-du
ty wor
kingsys
tem,t
hef
ati
gue
s
treng
thmayno
tbeve
rif
iedf
ort
hec
ranebeam.

5.
9.3.
4 Thedes
igno
ftheconnec
tionbe
tweent
hec
ranebeamandt
heco
lumnsha
llmee
tthepa
rti
al
l
oadbea
ring,t
orquer
esi
stanceandan
ti-ove
rbendr
equ
iremen
tsoft
hesuppor
ts.

5.
9.3.
5 Thel
ayou
toft
hepowe
rhousef
ramewo
rksha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
ir t.
emen

a) Thel
ayou
toft
heco
lumnssha
llmee
tther
equ
iremen
tso
fthei
nst
all
ati
onandove
rhau
loft
he
e
lec
tromechan
ica
lequ
i t,andt
pmen heco
lumnspa
cingshou
ldbeun
ifed,andsha
i llbeadap
tivet
o
t
hej
oin
tsbe
tweent
heun
itbays.

b) Theco
lumnshou
ldno
tbea
rrangedd
irec
tlyont
het
opp
lat
eoft
hed
raf
ttube,sp
ira
lca
seor
s
tee
lppe.
i

c) Thepowe
rhouses
truc
tur
esha
llmee
tthes
truc
tur
als
treng
thr
equ
ir t,andi
emen tsr
igi
dit
ysha
ll
a
lsobesu
ffi
ci t.
en I
nthenorma
lse
rvi
ceab
il
ityl
imi
tst
ate,t
hel
ate
rald
isp
lacemen
tont
het
opof
t
hec
ranebeamr
ailsha
llnotexceedt
hea
llowab
lel
imi
tva
luef
orno
rma
ltr
ave
lingoft
hec
rane,
andt
hemax
imumd
isp
lacemen
toft
heco
lumna
tther
ai op,i
lt ncaseoft
hes
tanda
rdcomb
ina
-
t
ion,shou
ldnotexceedt
hea
llowab
leva
luesi
nTab
le30.

Tab
le30 Al
lowab
led
isp
lacementva
lueoftheco
lumntop

Ca
lcu
lat
edi
nacco
rdance Ca
lcu
lat
edi
nacco
rdancewi
th
No. De
forma
tionva
rie
ty
wi
tht
hep
lanes
truc
tur
e t
hespa
ces
truc
tur
e

Tr
ansve
rsed
isp
la t(
cemen t
her
oofo
fthe
1 H/1800 H/2000
powe
rhouseha
sbeencove
red)

Tr
ansve
rsed
isp
la t(
cemen t
her
oofo
fthe
2 H/2500
powe
rhouseha
sno
tbeencove
red)

3 Long
itud
ina
ldi
spl
acemen
t H/4000

NOTE H r
efe
rst
othehe
igh
tfr
omt
hef
ounda
tionsu
rfa
ceont
hel
owe
rendo
ftheco
lumnt
other
ailt
opsu
rfa
ceo
f
t
hec
ranebeam.

187
 on may be

Ea
rthqua
kea
cti
on

√
Cons
truc
tionl
oad

√
Tempe
rat
uree
ffec
t

√
t
nai

Wi
ndl
oad
√

√
k
i

r
tcomb

amewo

Ho
rizon
talb
rak
ingf
orceo
fthec
rane
√

√
ane
oad
Cr
l

Cr
anewhee
lpr
essu
re
√

√
onname
ec

r
housef
f

Checkf
loodl
eve
l

√
f

e
one

r
r
su
te
i

Des
ignf
loodl
eve
lorno
rma
l
Wa
es
t
Ac
i

√
r
t

r
ese
rvo
irl
eve
l
heac

onofthepowe

Loadont
hef
loo
roft
hepowe
rpl
ant

√
kandt

L
ivel
oado
rsnowl
oadont
her
oof

√
We
igh
toft
hepe
rmanen
t
amewor

√
e
lec
tromechan
ica
lequ
ipmen
tont
her
oof
i
nat

Deadwe
igh
toft
hes
truc
tur
e

√
r

i
housef

fectcomb
e31.

oaded +
oaded

od
on

oad +

oad +

oad +
t

r
i

on
r

ec

r
i

e
he powe

onpe

t
i

i
f

oodwa
l

t
oncond

oad +
f
-
oTab

c
onef

oad

ee
l

l
l
y

e
kea
-

-
-
l

r
sno

sno

sno
l

su
i
u

r
ndl

t
sf

u
u

uc
ndl

es
hqua
t
sf

l
anei

anei

anei
a
encet

anei

checkf
i

r
wi

r
t
e31 Act

t
nebyt

p
anei

empe
a

2.Cons
wi
l

t
cu

r
2.Cr

1.Cr

2.Cr
1.Cr

ea
l
Ca

1.Cr

t
fr
e
r
e
2019

onsbo
hr

l
Tab
t
edwi
5:

Ac
tione
ffec
tcomb
ina
tion Ba
siccomb
ina
tion I Ba
siccomb
ina
tion I
I Acc
iden
talcomb
ina
tion

︵
︶

︵
︶
-

ti
SHP/TG 002

c
d) Thea
t
adop
L
imi
tst
ate L
imi
tst
ateo
fbea
ringcapa
cit
y

188
Des
igns
itua
tion Pe
rsi
sten
tsi
tua
tion Tr
ans
ien
tsi
tua
tion Acc
iden
tals
itua
tion
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

Tab
le31 (
con
tinued)

Ac
tionname

Wa
ter Cr
ane
r
pes
sur
e l
oad

e
lec

Loadont
L
t

i
r

vel
Ac

omechan
Deadwe

Ho
ti

We

oado

r
one

i
Des

zon
Des

Tempe
i

hef

Ea
Cons
gh
L

f
i

imi

r
i
rsnowl

Cr
to
i
f

i
gns

t
gnf
ca
ec

l
gh

lb

hqua
Wi
anewhee
oo

Checkf

t
ts

lequ
ft
Ca
lcu
lat
ioncond
iti
on

r
tcomb

r
to

r
ese

uc
ndl
i

ro

a
t

a
oodl

t
t

hepe
ua

kea
ft

t
a

i
ft

r
r
t

ngf

onl
oad
t

ee
e

oadont

vo
pmen
i

hes

l
on

hepowe

oodl
i

eve

c
i
rmanen
na

lp

t
rl

oad
o

i
f
r

on
t

ec
t

lo
eve
r

ceo
tont
i

r
uc
on

es
eve

t
rno
her
t

su
u

ft
t

rp

l
r

r
her
e

e
rma

hec
oo

l
an
f
oo

rane
f
Sho

1.Cr
anei
s
Pe

√ √ √ √ √ √ √
rt
r

-
s

f
ull
y-l
oaded
comb
t
i

e
s

rmo
ten

i
ts

na
rl
Se
i

t
t

i
ong
ua

on
r

2.Cr
anei
sno
-load +
v

√ √ √ √ √ √ √
t

-
i

ceab

t
on

wi
ndl
oad
e
rm
il
ityL

1.Cr
anei
s
Sho
imi
Tr

√ √ √ √ √ √ √ √
r
ts

f
ull
y-l
oaded + wi
ndl
oad +
t
ans

-
t
t

e
a

t
empe
rat
uree
ffec
t
i

rmcomb
t
en

e
tsi
tua

2.Cons
truc
tion
i
t

√ √ √
na
ion

pe
riod
tion

NOTE1 Whent
hel
oadse
ffec
tsa
recomb
ined,t
hecond
iti
ont
hat“
thepowe
rhouser
oofha
sno
tbeensea
leddu
ring
t
hecons
truc
tionpe
riod”o
rthecond
iti
ont
hat“
thepowe
rhouser
oofha
sbeensea
ledbu
tthesecondpha
se
conc
ret
eha
sno
tbeenp
lacedf
ort
het
urb
inep
it”sha
llbet
akeni
ntoa t;t
ccoun hecons
truc
tionl
oade
ffec
t
va
luesandt
hei
rcomb
ina
tionsha
llbede
termi
neda
cco
rdi
ngt
othespec
ifi
ccond
itons;
i
NOTE2 Thee
ffec
toft
hef
ramewo
rkt
empe
rat
urei
sde
termi
neda
cco
rdi
ngt
othet
ypeo
fuppe
rst
ruc
tur
eandt
heim-
po
rtance .

5.
9.3.
6 Thepowe
rhousef
ramewor
kmaybeca
lcu
lat
eda
sap
lanef
ramewo
rk;
itsca
lcu
lat
iond
iag
ram
sha
llbede
termi
neda
ccor
dingt
othef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons.
i

a) Thetransversespanofthe powerhouseshal
lbede te
rminedaccord
ingtot heaxs;f
i ort
he
st
eppedco l
umnwi thva
riab
lecross
- sec
ti ,
ons theax
ispas
sesthroughthe mi
ddlepoin
to ft
he
mi
nimumc
ross
-sec
tion.
189
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

b) Thehe
igh
toft
hel
owe
rco
lumnsha
llbet
hed
ist
ancef
romt
hef
ixedendoft
heco
lumnt
othet
op
faceoft
hecor l.
be Thehei
ghtoft
heuppe
rcol
umnshal
lbethedis
tancef
romthet
opfaceofthe
corbe
ltothet
opf aceo
ftheco
lumni
fiti
shnged,o
i rthed
ist
ancefromthet
opfaceoft
hecor-
be
ltot
hecen
treoft
het
ransve
rsebeam whent
her
igi
dconnec
tioni
sadop
ted.

c) Whenthefloo
rsab (
l beam)i
sconnec
tedt
ot hecol
umn withs
implesupport,theres
trai
ntof
t
heslab (
beam)t
othecol
umnmaynotbetakeni
ntoa t;i
ccoun ft
heslab (beam)isconnect
ed
a
sawho le,i
tsha l
lbeconside
r edonthebasi
softhef
ixedh
inge,t
her
igi
dconnec
tiono
rthe
e
las
ticj
ointacco
rdingt
ot heslab (
beam)ri
gidi
ty.

d) Thee
leva
tiono
fthef
ixedendo
fthef
rameco
lumnf
ounda
tionsha
llbede
termi
nedaccor
dingt
o
t
hecons
tra
intcond
iti
ono
fthef
ounda
tion.

e) Whentheframecolumnandther oo
fbeama recas
tint
oonepieceort
heconc
ret
ethickpla
te
s
truc
turei
sadoptedforroo ,
ft heconnec
tionbe
tweenthef
ramecol
umnandtheroofsha
llbe
cons
ide
redt
o employ t
herigi
d connection; whentheroo
fi s arooftruss (r
pef
abri
cated
conc
ret
eorstee
lrooft
r )
uss st
ruc
turet, heconnect
ionbe
tweenthef
r amecolumnandtheroof
t
rus
ssha
llbecons
ide
redt
oemp
loyt
heh
ingeconnec
tion.

5.
9. 3.
7 Thel ongi
tud
inalf
rameworkofthepowe
rhouse main
lybea
rsthedead wei
ghtofthest
r uc
-
tu
rel,ong
itud
inalhor
izont
albr
aki
ngforceoft
hecr ,
ane sei
smicfor ,
ce long
itud
ina
lwindl ,
oad tem-
pe
rat
urei
nfl
uenceandl
ong
itud
ina
leccen
tri
cbend
ing momen
tgene
rat
edbyt
heve
rti
calcoun
ter
-fo
rce
d
iff
erencebe
tweentwoad
jacen
tcanebeams.Thes
r tanda
rdva
lueoft
hel
ong
itud
ina
leccen
tri
cben
-
d
i tMy ,maybees
ng momen tima
teda
ccor
dingt
otheFormu
la(
35).

My =ΔRe …………………………(35 )

whe
re

ΔR i
sthes
tanda
rdva
lueoft
hecoun
ter
-fo
rced
iff
erencebe
tweenad
jacen
tcanebeams,i
r nkN;

e i
stheeccen
tri
cdi
stancet
otheco
lumncen
treΔR,i
nm.

5.
9.3.
8 Thedes
igno
fther
oofsys
temsha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons.
i

a) Ther
oofmayemp loytheconcre
tes tr
uctu
reorligh
ts t
eels
tructu
reaccor
dingt
other
oo oad,
fl
powe
rhousespan,const
ruc
tiondif
ficul
tyandconstr
ucti
onperod.
i

b) Theroofsystem sha
llbedesignedincombinat
ion wi
ththenat
ura
lenvironmen
toft hehydr
o-
powe
rs ta
tion,powe rhousel
ayoutandope
ra t
ionrequi
remen
ts,and mee
tt herequ
iremen
tsof
dra
inage,thermalinsu
lat
ion,fi
recon t
rolandearthquaker
esi
stance;theroofmayemp l
oyt
he
t
herma li
nsul
ationsheet;thenatu
raldayl
igh
tingbandmaybea rrangedwhennecessa
ry.
190
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

c) Ther
oofg
rad
ien
tsha
llbese
lec
tedi
ncomb
ina
tionwi
tht
hel
oca
lra
inf
alli
ntens
ity,r
oofs
truc
tur
al
t
ypeands
truc
tur
eel
eva
tiont
rea t.
tmen

5.
9.4 F
iref
ight
ingdes
ign

5.
9.4.
1 Thef
ireha
zar
dsandf
irer
esi
stancer
ati
ngsf
ort
hepowe
rhousesha
llbec
lass
ifi
edi
nacco
rd-
ancewi
tht
hep
rinc
ipl
ess
tipu
lat
edi
nna
tiona
lst
anda
rds.

9.5.
4.
2 Thene twidt
handve r
tica
lspaceofthef
iref
igh
tingaccessshoul
dnotbeles
sthan4.
0 mre
-
spec
tive
l ,
yt oensu
ret ha
tthefire
figh
tingt
ruckcanreachtheentrancetot
heg r
oundpowehouse.
r
Ther
eshal
lbe no obs
ta c
lestoh inde
rt he ope
r a
tion o
ft hefire
figh
ting t
ruck be
tweent hefi
re
dr
ivewayandt
hepowe rhouse.Thefir
efi
ghti
nga cces ,
s fi
ref
igh
tingsiteandundergroundp
ipesand
di
tchesshal
lbeab l
etobea
rt hepressur
eofl
argetr
ucks.Theslopeoftheopenlot,forpar
kingthe
f
iretrucks,shou
ldnotbegreate
rt han3%.Theendfi
red r
ivewayshal
lbeequipped wit
hat urn
ing
l
aneo
rtu
rna
round.

5.
9. 4.
3 Themai
npowe rhouseandauxi
li
arypowerhousewithhei
ghtlowert
han24 mshou
ldbed i
-
vi
dedint
oonef
iref
igh
tingzone.Inorde
rt oensu
refiref
igh
tingsaf
ety,keypla
cest
hateas
ilyca
tch
fi
reandp l
aceswi
thspec
ialr
equi
rements,suchasoiltanks,o
ilt
reatmen ooms,cab
tr l
erooms,bus
corr
idor
sandshaft
sshal
lbesepara
tedbyfirewa
lls,fi
redoors,f
irewindowsandf
irevaves.
l

5.
9.4.4 Thenumbe
ro fsaf
etyexi
stsforthe ma
inandauxi
li
arypowe r
housesshal
lnotbel
essthan
,
two andt
heremustbeonetha
tleadsd
irect
lytotheg
round.Theaccesst
ot hepl
antmaybeusedas
aneme
rgencyex
itd
irec
tlyt
otheou
tdoo
rs.Forea
chf
loorbe
lowt
hegene
rat
orf
l r,t
oo hed
ist
ance
f
romt
hef
urt
hes
tindoo
rwor
kingp
lacet
onea
res
teme
rgencyex
itshou
ldnotexceed60m.

5.
9.4.
5 Doo
rs,wa
lkwaysands
tai
rsf
ors
afeeva
cua
tionsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Thene
tdoorwi
dthsha
llno
tbel
esst
han0.
9 mandt
hedoorsha
llbeopenedi
ntheeva
cua
tiond
i-
r
ect
ion.

b) Thene
twa
lkway wi
dthsha
llnotbel
esst
han1.
2 m.

c) Thes
tai
rne
twi
dthsha
llno
tbel
esst
han1.
1 m wi
thas
lopeofno mor
et °.Thes
han45 tai
rne
t
wi
dthf
ort
hema
inun
itbayshou
ldno
tbel
esst
han0.
8 m.

5.
9.5 Heat
ingandvent
ilat
ion

5.
9. 5.
1 Thedes
ignofhea
ting,vent
ila
tionanda
ircondi
tion
ingofhydr
opowe
rs tati
onshallbeinac-
cor
dancewi
thre
levan
tnati
onalregu
lati ,
ons whichsha
llbeeconomica
landreasonabl ,
e t echno
log
i-
ca
llyadvanced,andmee
tther
equ
iremen
tsofi
ndus
tri
alhyg
ieneandenv
ironmen
talp
rot
ect
ion.

5.
9.5.
2 Na
tur
alven
til
ati
oni
spr
efe
rredf
orasu
rfacepowe
rhouse.Whenna
tur
alven
til
ati
oncannot
191
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

mee
tther
equ
iremen
tso
findoora
irpa
rame
tes,comb
r inedna
tur
aland mechan
ica
lven
til
aton,me
i -
chan
ica
lven
til
ati
onandl
oca
lai
rcond
iti
onng maybeused.
i

5.
9.6 St
ructu
raldes
ign

5.
9.6.
1 De
forma
tionj
oin
tssha
llbep
rov
idedi
nli
ghto
fthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Permanen
tdef
ormati
onj o
int
sshoul
dbep rovi
dedbetweent heun
itbayandi
tsad
jacen
tst
ruc
-
tu
ressuchast ,
hedam e r
ect
ionbayandauxi
li
arypowerhouse.

b) Thei
nte
rva
lsbe
tweent
hepe
rmanen
tde
forma
tionj
oin
tso
ftheun
itbayshou
ldbe20mt
o30m
andmaybep
rope
rlyi
ncr
easedi
nthecaset
hatr
ela
tedmea
sur
esa
r aken.
et

c) Widthofthepermanen
tdeforma
tionj
ointssha
llbedet
erminedbasedonthet
empe r
atu
re-
related
bu
ild
ing de
format
ion,set
tlement,ant
i-se
ismicstr
uctur
alrequi
rementsand ot
hercondi
tions.
Thewi
dthofs
truc
tur
esonar
ockf
ounda
tionmaybe10mmt
o20mmandmaybei
ncr
easedf
or
i
tsuppe
rst
ruc
tue.
r Thewi
dtho
fst
ruc
tur
esonasof
tfounda
tionsha
llbeca
lcu
lat
edbasedont
he
non
-evende
forma
tionoft
hef
ounda
tion.

d) Toensu
ret
hewi
dtho
fthepe
rmanen
tde
forma
tionj
oin
ts,f
il
li
ng ma
ter
ial
smaybep
lacedi
nthe
o
jin
ts.Thef
il
li
ng ma
ter
ial
ssha
llbef
lex
ibl
eandapp
licab
let
othede
forma
tion.

5.
9.6.
2 Wa
ters
topandma
ter
ialse
lec
tionsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Re
liab
lewat
ers t
opshal
lbeplacedinthepermanentdef
orma t
ionj
oint
sandt heset
tingofthe
water
-st
opstr
ipssha
llbeconducivet
ot hestresscondi
tionsofthestr
uct
ur e.
Ifnecessa
ry,
d
rai
nageho
lesandp
ipesmaybei
nst
all
eda
fte
rthewa
ters
topf
aci
li
ties.

b) Wate
rst
op mat
eri
alsmaybeo fcoppe
rs t
rip,s
tai
nles
ss tee
ls t
rip,rubber,pl
ast
ics,aspha
ltand
ma
cromol
ecu
lesynthe
tic ma
ter
ias,se
l lec
tedinaccordance wi
tht he wi
d t
ho fthedeformat
ion
o
jit,wa
n terp
ressu
re,env
ironmen
talcond
iti
onsandi
tsl
oca
tion.

c) Wa
ters
topex
tendedi
ntot
hef
ounda
tionr
ockmus
tbep
rope
rlyconnec
tedt
othef
ounda
tionand
t
hedep
thi
ntot
her
ockf
ounda
tionshou
ldbe300mmt
o500mm.

10 Eng
inee
ringsa
fety mon
ito
ring

10.
1 Gene
ralpr
ovi
sions

1.
10.1 Necess
ary mon
itor
ingf
aci
li
tiessha
llbea
rrangedaccor
dingt
ot ype,damhe
hedamt i t,ge
gh -
o
log
ica
lcond
itons,s
i truc
tur
alt
ypeandf
eat
ures.Thema
int
askso
fthesa
fet
y mon
itor
ingdes
igni
n-
c
lude:
192
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

a) t
omon
itort
hewo
rki
ngs
tat
eands
afe
tyoft
hep
roec
j ts
truc
tur
esdu
ringt
hecons
truc
tionpe
riod,
wa
ters
tor
agepe
riodandope
rat
ionpe
riod;

b) t
oinspec
tthedes
ignandgu
idet
hecons
truc
tionandope
rat
ion;

c) t
oco
llec
tda
taf
ors
cien
tif
icr
esea
rch.

1.
10.2 Thep
roec
j ts
afe
ty mon
itor
ingscopesha
lli
ncl hedambody,damf
udet ounda
tion,damabu
t-
t,banks
men lopec
loset
othedama
reat
hathasas
ign
ifi
can
timpac
tont
hep
roec
j tsa
fet
yandot
her
s
truc
tur
esandequ
ipmen
ttha
tar
edi
rec
tlyr
elevan
ttot
hep
roec
j tsa
fey.
t

1.
10.3 Thesa
fet
y mon
ito
ringdes
ignsha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

a) Thesa
fet
y mon
itor
ingsys
tem sha
llbeab
let
ore
flec
ttheac
tua
lope
rat
ingpe
rformanceo
fthe
r
poec
j tandt
hef
ounda
tiondu
ringt
hecons
truc
tionpe
riod,s
tor
agepe
riodandope
rat
ingpe
riod.

b) Thekey mon
itor
ingdamsec
tionandt
hegene
ralmon
itor
ingdamsec
tionsha
llbede
termi
neda
c-
cord
ingtothedamhei t,geo
gh log
icalcondi
tions,str
uctu
ralfeatu
resaswe l
lastherepr
esen
ta-
ti
venessofthesamet
ypeo ;
fdam t hekeypointsshal
lbehighl
ightedi
nthelayou
tofthemeas-
u
ringpo
ins.
t

c) Themon
ito
ringi
temssha
llbea
rrangedwi
thf
ullcons
ide
rat
ionandcoo
rdi
naed.
t Someimpor
tan
t
mea
sur
ingpo
int
sont
hekey mon
ito
ringsec
tiono
rpos
iti
onsmaybemon
itor
edwi
tha
tlea
sttwo
mon
itor
ing me
thods;t
he i
nst
rumen
tsf
or mon
itor
ing impor
tan
t phys
ica
l quan
tit
y on key
pos
iti
onsmaybep
rov
idedwi
tht
hes
tandbyi
nst
r t.The mon
umen itor
ingi
temsandi
nst
rumen
ts
sha
llbei
nst
all
edwi
thou
tef
fec
tingt
hes
afe
tyo
fthep
roec
j t.

d) Themon
ito
ringi
nst
rumen
tandequ
ipmen
ttobese
lec
tedsha
llbes
tab
leandr
eli
abl
einpe
rform-
ance,andsu
itab
lef
orl
ong
-te
rm wo
rki
ntheseve
reenv
ir t.
onmen Themeasu
ringr
angeandp
re-
c
isi
ono
fthei
nst
rumen
tsha
llmee
tthemon
itor
ingr
equ
iremen
ts.
Thei
nst
rumen
tfo
rthekeymo
-
n
ito
ringi
temst
obeobse
rvedove
rthel
ongt
ermsha
llbeeas
ilyr
epl
aced.

e) Thei
nst
rumen
ts/equ
ipmen
twi
thadvancedt
echno
log
iesshou
ldbeadop
ted,anda
llowancesha
ll
ber
ese
rvedf
ort
hef
utu
ret
echn
ica
limp
rovemen
ts.

f) Theon
line/au
toma
ticmon
itor
ingsys
temshou
ldbea
rranged,andt
hemanua
lobse
rva
tioncond
i-
t
ionssha
llbeava
ilab
lea
swe
ll.

1.
10.4 I
nthes
afe
ty mon
ito
ringdes
ign,t
hef
oll
owi
ng ma
tte
rssha
llbeemphas
ized.

a) I
ncoor
dina
tion wi
tht
hedam s
truc
tur
aldes
ign,r
easonab
lyl
ayou
ttheobse
rva
tionga
lle
ryand
193
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

obse
rva
tions
tat
ion.

b) Pr
ovi
def
avou
rab
lemob
il
ity,
ligh
ting,mo
ist
urep
reven
tion,wi
ndp
roof,d
ranage,t
i herma
linsu
-
l
ati
onandsecu
rit
ycond
iti
onsf
ort
hemon
itor
ingf
aci
li
ties.

c) Theembedmen
tandi
nst
all
ati
onoft
he mon
ito
ringf
aci
li
tiessha
llbekep
tawayf
romt
hecon
-
s
truc
tiond
ist
urbanceas muchasposs
ibe.Thei
l nst
rumen
tsandcab
lessha
llbep
rot
ect
ed wi
th
e
ffec
tivemeasu
res.

d) Thep
red
ict
edchangescopeoft
heobse
rvedva
luesshou
ldbep
roposedf
ort
hema
inmon
itor
ing
i
temsacco
rdi
ngt
othet
heo
ret
ica
lca
lcu
lat
iono
rthemode
ltes
tresu
lts.

e) At
ten
tionsha
llbepa
idt
othes
afe
ty mon
ito
ringdes
ignf
ort
hecons
truc
tionpe
riodandt
hef
irs
t
s
tor
agepe
riod,andt
her
efe
renceva
luesf
ort
he measu
ringpo
int
ssha
llbeob
tai
nedi
nat
ime
ly
manne
rfort
hema
inmon
itor
ingi
tems.
Bef
orewa
terf
il
li
ngf
ort
hef
irs
ttime,t
hede
tai
ledmon
i-
t
ori
ngp
lansha
llbep
repa
red.
Ift
hepe
rmanen
tmon
ito
ringf
aci
li
tieshavenotbeencomp
let
edor
t
hemon
itor
ingcond
iti
onshaveno
tbeenp
rov
idedbe
for
ewa
terf
il
li
ngf
ort
hef
irs
ttime,co
rre
-
spond
ingt
empor
ary mon
ito
ring mea
sur
essha
llbet
aken.

f) Acco
rdi
ngt
othespec
ifi
ccond
iti
onsoft
he p
roec
j t,t
he mon
ito
ring t
echn
ica
lrequ
iremen
ts
shou
ldber
aisedf
ort
hemon
itor
ingi
tems.

10.
2 Safety mon
itor
ingdes
ign

2.
10.1 Themon
itor
ingo
ftheg
rav
itydamsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) The mon
ito
ring o
ftheg
rav
ity dam sha
llf
ocusont
hedam body de
forma
tionandf
ounda
tion
seepage.Themon
itor
ingi
temsmaybede
termi
nedi
nli
ghtoft
hedam he
i t,andp
gh roec
j tf
ea-
t
uresaswe
lla
sthegeo
log
ica
lcond
itons.
i

b) Thel
ayou
toft
hede
forma
tionmon
itor
ingf
aci
li
tiessha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

1) Theho
rizon
tald
isp
lacemen
toft
hedambodyandt
hedamf
ounda
tionshou
ldbemon
itor
ed
wi
tht
het
ens
ion wi
rea
lignmen
tme
thod,va
cuuml
ase
ral
ignmen
tme
thodandnorma
lli
ne
me
thod.
Ift
hedamax
isi
sre
lat
ive
lysho
rtandt
hecond
iti
onsa
ref
avou
rab
le,t
heho
rizon
tal
d
isp
lacemen
toft
hedambody maya
lsobemon
ito
redwi
tht
heco
ll
ima
tionl
ineme
thod,or
t
hea
irl
ase
rco
ll
ima
tionme
thod.
Fort
heendo
ftheco
ll
ima
tionl
ine,t
hei
nve
rtedp
lumbl
ine
sha
llbeusedast
heope
rat
ioncon
tro
lpo
int.

2) Thede
flec
tiono
fthedambodyshou
ldbemon
itor
edwi
tht
heno
rma
lli
neme
thod.
194
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

3) Thesu
rfa
ceho
rizon
tald
isp
lacemen
toft
hebanks
lopeandt
hel
ands
lide mas
scl
oset
othe
dama
reashou
ldbemon
ito
red wi
tht
het
riangu
lat
ionne
twok,t
r heco
ll
ima
tionl
ine me
thod
andt
hei
nte
rsec
tionme
thod.Thedeephor
izon
tald
isp
lacemen
tmaybemon
itor
edwi
tht
he
i
nve
rtedp
lumbl
ineg
roup,mu
lti
plepos
iti
onex
tensome
ter,de
flec
tome
terorc
linome
tes.
r

4) Theimpo
rtan
tfau
lts
truc
tur
eort
he weaks
truc
tur
alsu
rfa
ce wi
thi
nthescopeoft
hedam
f
ounda
tionshou
ldbe mon
ito
red wi
tht
hei
nve
rted p
lumbl
ine g
roup,c
linome
ter
sort
he
mu
lti
plepos
iti
onext
ensome
ter.

5) Theve
rti
cald
isp
lacemen
toft
hedam bodyanddamf
ounda
tionshou
ldbe mon
ito
red wi
th
t
hep
rec
isel
eve
ll
ing me
thodandt
hevacuuml
ase
ral
ignmen
tme
thod.
Itmaya
lsobemon
i-
t
ored wi
tht
hef
lui
dst
ati
cleve
ll
ing me
thod accor
ding t
othe spec
ifi
c cond
itons.The
i
s
tar
tingda
tum ma
rkf
ort
hep
rec
isel
eve
ll
ing measu
remen
tshou
ldbel
aidou
tont
hebank
s
lopebed
rocknea
rthedam.
Thes
tab
il
ityo
fthes
tar
tingda
tum ma
rksha
llbepe
riod
ica
llyi
n-
spec
tedwi
tht
hebenchma
rk.
Thebenchma
rksha
llbea
rrangedi
nthedowns
treamr
egi
onof
t
hedam wh
ichwi
llno
tbei
nfl
uencedbyt
hede
forma
tiono
fther
ese
rvo
ira
rea.
Thevacuum
l
ase
ral
ignmen
tsys
temandt
hef
lui
dst
ati
cleve
ll
ing mea
sur
emen
tli
nesha
llbea
rrangedi
n
t
heho
rizon
talga
lle
ryo
fthedambody;t
heope
rat
ioncon
tro
lpo
intf
ort
heve
rti
cald
isp
lace
-
men
tsha
llbea
rrangedonbot
hendsandi
tsmeasu
ringpo
int
sshou
ldbea
rrangedi
ncoor
di-
na
tionwi
tht
hep
rec
isel
eve
ll
ing measu
ringpo
ins.
t

6) Theve
rti
cald
isp
lacemen
toft
hebanks
lopeandt
hel
ands
lide ma
ssc
loset
othedam mass
shou
ldbe mon
itor
ed wi
tht
he p
rec
isel
eve
ll
ing me
thod,t
he se
ttl
emen
t me
terort
he
mu
lti
ple pos
iti
on ex
tensome
ter.The a
lpi
ne r
egi
on may a
lso be mon
ito
red wi
tht
he
t
riangu
lare
leva
tionme
thod.
Thet
riangu
lare
leva
tionme
thodmaybecomb
inedwi
tht
het
ri-
angu
lat
ionne
twor
kme
thodt
oob
tana “
i thr
ee-
dimens
iona
lne
twok”whenneces
r s
ary.

7) Thet
il
tingo
fthedam bodyandt
hedamf
ounda
tionshou
ldbe mon
itor
ed wi
tht
hep
rec
ise
l
eve
ll
ing me
thod,t
het
il
tme
terort
hef
lui
dst
ati
cleve
ll
ing me
thod.

c) Thel
ayou
toft
heseepagemon
itor
ingf
aci
li
tiessha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

1) Thel
ong
itud
ina
lmon
ito
ringsec
tionandt
het
ransve
rsemon
ito
ringsec
tionsha
llbel
aidou
t
accor
dingt
othe p
roec
j ts
cae,geo
l log
ica
lcond
iti
onso
fthedam f
ounda
tionandseepage
con
tro
leng
inee
ring measu
res;1t
o2l
ong
itud
ina
lmon
itor
ingsec
tions maybese
tandno
l
esst
han3t
ransve
rse mon
itor
ingsec
tionsshou
ldbese
lec
ted;t
heup
lif
tpr
essu
reo
fthe
damf
ounda
tionmaybemon
ito
redwi
tht
hep
iezome
tert
ubeo
rtheosmome
ter.

● Thel
ong
itud
ina
lmon
itor
ingsec
tionshou
ldbel
aidou
tont
hef
irs
tdr
ainagecu
rta
inl
ine.
Onemea
sur
ingpo
intshou
ldbel
aidou
tineachdam sec
tion.
Int
hedam sec
tion wi
th
comp
lexgeo
log
ica
lcond
itons,t
i hequan
tit
yofmeasu
ringpo
int
sshou
ldbeapp
rop
ria
tel
y
195
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

i
ncr
eased.

● Thet
ransve
rsemon
ito
ringsec
tionsshou
ldbel
aidou
tint
heh
ighes
tdamsec
tion,bank
s
lopedamsec
tionanddamsec
tioni
ntheva
lleybankp
lat
form wi
tht
hecomp
lexgeo
log
-
i
cst
ruc
tue.Thespa
r cingbe
tweent
ransve
rse mon
ito
ringsec
tionsshou
ldbe50 mt
o
100m;i
nther
egi
onwhe
ret
hegeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onsoft
hedamf
ounda
tiona
res
imp
le,
t
hespac
ing maybeg
rea
ter.

● Atl
eas
t3mea
sur
ingpo
int
sshou
ldbel
aidou
toneachmon
itor
ingsec
tion.
Themeasu
r-
i
ngpoint
ssha
llbelai
doutinfrontofthean
ti-
seepagecur
tai
n whennecessa
ry.When
the
rei
sadownstreaman
ti-
seepagecu
rtan,t
i hemea sur
ingpoi
ntssha
llbel
aidoutoni
ts
ups
treams
ide.

2) I
nthedeepseepagep
ressu
remon
itor
ingo
fthedamf
ounda
tion,t
hep
iezome
tert
ube
ort
heosmome
tersha
llbespec
ifi
cal
lyl
aidou
taccor
dingt
othegeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onsof
t
hedamf
ounda
tionandt
hema
ingeo
log
ica
lfaws.
l Int
hecaseo
fla
rgef
aul
tsors
trong
pe
rmeab
lezones,t
hemea
sur
ingpo
int
ssha
llbel
aidou
tal
ongt
heposs
ibl
eseepaged
i-
r
ect
ion.

3) Theseepagep
ressu
reo
fthedambodyshou
ldbea
rrangedbe
tweent
heups
treamdamsu
r-
f
aceandt
hedam bodyd
rai
nagep
ipe,a
longt
he mi
ddl
eoftwoad
jacen
tdr
ainagep
ipesof
hedam body,be
t tweent
heho
rizon
talcons
truc
tionj
oin
tsa
longt
he wa
terf
low d
irec
tion
andt
heuppe
randl
owe
rhor
izon
talcons
truc
tionj
oin
tsi
nthedambodyconc
ree,andar
t ow
o
fseepagep
ressu
reme
ter
sshou
ldbea
rrangedr
espec
tive
lyt
o mon
itort
heseepagep
res
-
su
reoft
heho
rizon
talcons
truc
tionj
oin
tsandt
hedambodyconc
ree.
t

4) Formon
itor
ingseepagea
r hedam,2t
oundt o3mon
ito
ringsec
tionsmaybea
rrangeda
long
t
hef
lowl
inebeh
indt
hean
ti-
seepagecu
rta
inf
ort
hedamabu
tmen
tsonbot
hbanks;a
tleas
t
3 mea
sur
ing po
int
s sha
ll be a
rranged i
n each mon
ito
ring sec
tion.The ho
lef
ort
he
i
pezome
tert
ubesha
llbea
sdeepa
sthes
trongpe
rmeab
lel
aye
randbe
lowt
heunde
rgr
ound
wa
terl
inebe
for
ethedami
sbu
ilt.Af
ew measu
ringpo
int
ssha
llbea
rrangedi
nfr
ontoft
he
an
ti-
seepagecu
rta
inwhennecess
ary.

5) Formon
ito
ri heseepage,t
ngt hemeasu
ring we
irshou
ldbel
aidou
tinsec
tionsont
hed
rai
n-
agedi
tchofthedamfoundat
iongall
erytomoni
tortheseepageofthedamf ounda
tion,dam
body,ri
verbedandbothbanksrespect
ive
ly.Whentheleakagei
sr e
lat
ive
lys i
gni
fican
tdue
t
othede
fec
ts,co
ldj
oin
tsandc
rack
sint
hedam bodyconc
ree,t
t hel
eak
agesha
llbeco
l-
l
ect
edandt
henmeasu
redwi
tht
hevo
lume me
thod.Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othed
rai
nageho
le wi
th
r
ela
tive
lys
ign
ifi
can
tleakage,t
hel
eak
ageshou
ldbemeasu
redi
nas
ing
leho
lewi
tht
hevo
l-
umeme
thod.

196
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

6) Forwa
terqua
lit
yana
lys
is,t
her
epr
esen
tat
ived
rai
nageho
lesorseepage mon
ito
ringho
les
a
roundt
hedamsha
llbese
lec
ted,wa
tersamp
lessha
llbet
akenr
egu
lar
lyf
orwa
terqua
li
ty
ana
lys
isandcompa
red wi
thr
ese
rvo
ir wa
terqua
liy;i
t fpr
eci
pit
ati
ono
rer
osi
on wa
teri
s
ound,wa
f ters
amp
lessha
llbet
akenf
orf
ullana
lys
is.

d) Thel
ayou
toft
hes
tress,s
tra
inandt
empe
rat
ure mon
itor
ingf
aci
li
tiessha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ng
r
equ
iremen
ts.

1) Onemon
itor
ingsec
tionve
rti
calt
othedamax
isaswe
lla
soneorseve
ralhor
izon
talmon
ito-
r
ingsec
tionssha
llbel
aidou
tal
ongt
hecen
tre
lineoft
hekey mon
itor
ingdamsec
tion.

2) Thes
tres
sands
tra
inmon
ito
ringi
nst
rumen
tsshou
ldbel
aidou
tinaconcen
tra
tedmanne
ron
t
heimpo
rtan
tmon
itor
ingsec
tionsandt
hemon
itor
ingc
rosssec
tions.Whennecess
ary,t
he
pe
riphe
ryo
fther
epr
esen
tat
ivel
arge open
ings and t
he ga
lle
ry,t
he pos
iti
on nea
rthe
unc
j tionf
acebe
tweent
heconc
ret
eandt
hebed
rocko
rot
herpos
iti
onswi
thcomp
lexs
tress
sha
llbese
lec
tedt
olayou
tthemeasu
ringpo
ins.
t

3) Theimpo
rtan
t mon
ito
ring dam sec
tion may beusedast
het
empe
rat
ure mon
itor
ing dam
sec
tion.The mea
sur
ingpo
int
ssha
llbel
aidou
taccor
dingt
othet
empe
rat
uref
iel
doft
he
dambody,andt
het
empe
rat
ureoft
hedamsu
rfaceandf
ounda
tion.
Thet
empor
aryt
empe
r-
a
tur
emon
itor
ingdu
ringt
hecons
truc
tion pe
riodshou
ldbecomb
ined wi
tht
he pe
rmanen
t
t
empe
rat
uremon
itor
ing.

4) I
ntheimpor
tan
tmon
ito
ringdamsec
tion,t
hej
oin
tme
ter
smaybel
aidou
tond
iff
eren
tel
e-
va
tionsoft
hel
ong
itud
ina
landt
ransve
rsej
oin
tst
obeg
rou
ted.
Int
hebanks
lopedamsec
-
t
ion,t
hej
oin
tme
ter
sshou
ldbel
aidou
tont
hecon
tac
tsu
rfa
cebe
tweent
heconc
ret
eand
t
hebed
rocka
cco
rdi
ngt
othespec
ifi
ccond
iton.Wi
i thr
ega
rdt
othepos
iti
ons wh
ich may
havec
ra s,t
ck hec
rackme
tershou
ldbel
aidou
tint
heconc
ree.
t

5) Thep
re-
str
essedanchorbo
lto
rpr
e-s
tressedanchorcab
lesha
llbesamp
ledt
o mon
itort
he
changesi
nthes
tresss
tae.
t

6) Themeasu
ringpo
int
soft
her
ein
for
cemen
tst
res
s maybel
aidou
tint
heimpo
rtan
tre
in-
f
orcedconc
ret
est
ruc
tues.
r

2.
10.2 Themon
itor
ingo
fthea
rchdamsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Ther
out
inemon
ito
ringoft
hea
rchdamsha
llf
ocusont
hede
forma
tionst
othedam body,a
rch
suppo
rtandseepage.The mon
ito
ringi
tems may bede
termi
nedi
naccor
dance wi
tht
hedam
he
i t,p
gh roec
j tf
eat
uresandgeo
log
ica
lcond
itons.
i
197
SHP/TG 002
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2019

b) Themon
ito
ringo
fthehor
izon
tald
isp
lacemen
tandt
hede
flec
tionsha
llcomp
lywi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ng
r
pov
isons.
i

1) Theho
rizon
tald
isp
lacemen
toft
hedambodyandt
hedamf
ounda
tionmaybemon
itor
edby
t
heno
rma
lli
ne me
thod,qua
si-
linea
rme
thod,t
riangu
lat
ionne
twok,f
r orwa
rdi
nte
rsec
tion
me
thodandt
het
rave
rsi
ng me
thod.

● Theno
rma
lli
ne me
thodshou
ldbep
ref
err
edt
o mon
itort
hehor
izon
tald
isp
lacemen
tof
t
hedambodyandt
hedamf
ounda
tion.

● Thei
nve
rtedp
lumbl
inesha
llbea
rrangeda
ttheendsoft
hequas
i-l
inesandwi
resa
sthe
ope
rat
ioncon
tro
lpo
int.

● Thef
ixedpo
into
fthei
nte
rsec
tion me
thod maybeve
rif
ied wi
tht
het
riangu
lat
ionne
t-
k.
wor

● Thes
tab
il
ityoft
hei
nve
rtedp
lumbl
ineuseda
stheope
rat
ioncon
tro
lpo
intsha
llbepe
ri-
od
ica
llyve
rif
iedbyt
heho
rizon
talmon
ito
ringcon
tro
lne k.
twor

2) Theho
rizon
tald
isp
lacemen
toft
hea
rchsuppo
rtandt
hebanks
lopesu
rfacec
loset
othedam
a
reamaybemon
itor
edwi
tht
het
riangu
lat
ionne
twor
kort
het
ril
ate
rat
ionne
twok,t
r hei
n-
t
ersec
tionme
thodandt
hequa
si-
linea
rme
thod.
Thehor
izon
tald
isp
lacemen
toft
hea
rchsup
-
por
tandt
hebanks
lopesu
rfacec
loset
othedam a
rea,as we
lla
sthehor
izon
tald
isp
lace
-
men
tduet
o geo
log
ica
lfl
awsl
ikef
aul
tsandf
issu
res may be mon
itor
ed wi
tht
hei
nve
rse
l
pumbg roup,ormonitor
edwithelec
tri
cmeasu
ringins
trumentssuchasabedrockdef
orma
-
t
iongauge,mu l
til
peposit
ionex
tensomete
randbo r
eholei
ncl
inome t
erwhichshoul
dbelai
d
ou
taccor
dingt
otheva
riouscond
itons.
i

3) Thede
flec
tionofdambodyshou
ldbemon
itor
edwi
thve
rti
call
ineme
thod.
The
resha
llbea
t
l
eas
tth
reede
flec
tionmeasu
ringpo
int
sinmon
itor
ingdamsec
tion.

c) Themon
ito
ringo
ftheve
rti
cald
isp
lacemen
tandt
het
il
tingsha
llcomp
lywi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
i-
s
ions.

1) Theve
rti
cald
isp
lacemen
toft
hedam bodyandt
hedam f
ounda
tionshou
ldbe mon
ito
red
wi
tht
hep
rec
isel
eve
ll
ing me
thod.
Itmaya
lsobe mon
ito
red wi
tht
hef
lui
dst
ati
cleve
ll
ing
me
thodaccor
dingt
othespec
ifi
ccond
iton.
i

● Thes
tar
tingda
tum ma
rkf
ort
hep
rec
isel
eve
ll
ing mea
sur
emen
tshou
ldbel
aidou
tont
he
banks
lopebed
rocknea
rthedam.Thes
tab
il
ityoft
hes
tar
tingda
tum ma
rksha
llbepe
ri-
od
ica
llyi
nspec
tedwi
tht
hebenchma
rk.
Thebenchma
rksha
llbea
rrangeddowns
treamof
198
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

t
hedam whe
ret
her
ese
rvo
irde
forma
tionwi
llno
tbea
ffec
tedorha
ssl
igh
tin
fluence.

● Thef
lui
dst
ati
cleve
ll
ing me
thodapp
liest
othemon
ito
ringoft
heve
rti
cald
isp
lacemen
t
oft
hedambodyandt
hedamf
ounda
tioni
nthehor
izon
talga
lle
ryo
fthedam body;i
ts
measu
ringpo
int
sshou
ldbel
aidou
tincomb
ina
tionwi
tht
hep
rec
isel
eve
ll
ingpo
ins.
t

2) Theve
rti
cald
isp
lacemen
toft
hebanks
lopeandt
hel
ands
lide mas
scl
oset
othedam a
rea
shou
ldbemon
ito
redwi
tht
hep
rec
isel
eve
ll
ingme
thod.
Thet
riangu
lare
leva
tionme
thodmay
a
lsobeusedi
nthea
lpi
ner
egon.
i Thet
riangu
lare
leva
tionme
thodmaybecomb
inedwi
tht
he
t
riangu
lat
ionme
thodt
oob
tana “
i thr
ee-
dimens
iona
lne
two
rk”whennecessa
ry.

3) Thet
il
tingoft
heg
rav
itya
rchdam bodyanddamf
ounda
tionsha
llbe mon
itor
ed wi
tht
he
r
pec
isel
eve
ll
ing me
thodort
hef
lui
dst
ati
cleve
ll
ing me
thod.

d) Themon
ito
ringo
fseepagesha
llcomp
ly wi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons.
i

1) Formon
ito
ringt
heup
lif
tpr
essu
reont
heg
rav
itydamf
ounda
tion,t
hep
iezome
tert
ubeor
t
heosmome
termaybea
rrangedont
hel
ong
itud
ina
lmon
ito
ringsec
tionandt
het
ransve
rse
mon
itor
ingsec
tion.

● Thel
ong
itud
ina
l mon
ito
ring sec
tionshou
ld bel
aid ont
hef
irs
tdr
ainagecu
rta
inl
ine
beh
indt
hean
ti-
seepagecu
rta
in;one measu
ringpo
intshou
ldbel
aidou
tonea
chdam
sec
tion.
Int
hesec
tion wi
thcomp
lexgeo
log
ica
lcond
itons,t
i hequan
tit
yofmeasu
ring
po
int
smaybei
ncr
easedapp
rop
ria
tey.
l

● Thet
ransve
rsemon
itor
ingsec
tionshou
ldbel
aida
longt
her
adi
ald
irec
tion;t
hesec
tion
pos
iti
onshou
ldbede
termi
nedacco
rdi
ngt
othedamhe
i t,daml
gh eng
th,damt
hickness
andgeo
log
ica
lcond
itons.The
i resha
llbea
tleas
tth
ree measu
ringpo
int
sfort
heup
lif
t
r
pessu
reont
het
ransve
rsemon
itor
ingsec
tion.
Themeasu
ringpo
int
smaybel
aidou
tin
f
ron
toft
heg
rou
tingcu
rta
ini
ntheimpo
rtan
tmon
itor
ingdamsec
tionwhennecess
ary.

● Th
ina
rchdamswi
thgoodgeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onsmaybeequ
ippedwi
thf
ewe
rornoup
lif
t
r
pessu
remon
itor
ingf
aci
li
ties.

2) Fo
rmon
ito
ringt
hedeepseepagep
ressu
reoft
hea
rchdamf
ounda
tion,t
hep
iezome
tert
ube
o
rtheosmome
termaybespec
ifi
cal
lya
rrangeda
ccor
dingt
othegeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onsoft
he
damf
ounda
tionandt
heex
ist
ing ma
ingeo
log
ica
lfl
awst
omon
itort
heseepagep
ressu
ref
or
t
hedeeppa
rtoft
hedamf
ounda
tionandt
hebed
rockont
hea
r t.
chsuppor

3) Themon
itor
ingoft
hedam bodyseepagep
res
sur
emaynotbepe
rfo
rmedf
ort
het
hina
rch
dambody;f
ort
heg
rav
itya
rchdam,t
heosmome
termaybea
rrangedf
ormon
itor
ingi
fthe
199
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

d
rai
npi
pee
ffi
ciencyoft
hedambodyandt
heseepagep
ressu
red
ist
ribu
tionoft
hedambody
needt
obeobse
rved.

4) Formon
ito
ringseepagea
r hedam,2t
oundt o3mon
itor
ingsec
tionssha
llbea
rrangeda
long
t
hef
lowl
inebeh
indt
hean
ti-
seepagecu
rta
inf
ort
hedamabu
tmen
tsonbot
hbanks;a
tleas
t
3obse
rva
tionho
lessha
llbea
rrangedi
neach mon
itor
ingsec
tion.Theho
lesha
llr
eacht
he
s
trongpe
rmeab
les
tra
tum,andbed
ril
ledt
hrought
heunde
rgr
ound wa
terl
inebe
for
ethe
dami
sbu
ilt.

5) Formon
ito
ri heseepage,t
ngt hemeasu
ring we
irshou
ldbea
rrangedont
hed
rai
naged
itchi
n
t
hega
lle
ryo
fthedamf
ounda
tiont
omon
itort
heseepageoft
hedamf
ounda
tionandt
hedam
bodyr
espec
tive
ly.Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othe d
rai
nageho
les wi
thr
ela
tive
lyh
ighseepage,t
he
measu
remen
tshou
ldbepe
rfo
rmedi
nas
ing
leho
lewi
tht
hevo
lumeme
thod.

e) Themon
ito
ringoft
hes
tr s,s
es tra
inandt
empe
rat
uresha
llcomp
lywi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ngp
rov
isons.
i

1) The mon
itor
ing sec
tion andt
he monit
ori
ng cross
-sec
tion oft
he dam body shou
ld be
se
lec
tedaccord
ingtot hedamhei
ght,damleng
th,shape,dambodys tr
uctu
reandgeo l
og-
i
calcond
itons,andi
i naccor
dancewi
tht
hea
rchsys
temandt
hebeamsys
tem.

● Theve
rti
calmon
ito
ringsec
tionpe
rpend
icu
lart
othedam ax
is maybea
rrangeda
long
t
her
adi
ald
irec
tionont
hea
rchc
rown,1/4a
rchorcan
til
eve
rbeam wi
thal
argeopen
-
ng.
i

● Themon
ito
ringc
ross
-sec
tionsha
llbea
rrangedont
hepos
iti
onwi
thmax
imuma
rchsup
-
por
tst
ress.

● Themon
ito
ringdamsec
tionf
ort
hea
rchdamt
empe
rat
uresha
llbet
heimpor
tan
tmon
i-
t
ori
ngdamsec
tionoft
hes
afe
ty mon
itor
ingsys
tem.

● Themon
ito
ringsec
tionshou
ldbel
aidou
tal
ongt
hecen
tra
lsec
tiono
fthedamsec
tion.

2) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othel
ayou
toft
he mon
ito
ringi
nst
rumen
ts,t
hes
tra
inands
tressmon
itor
ing
i
nst
rumen
tssha
llbel
aidou
tinaconcen
tra
ted manne
ront
he mon
itor
ingsec
tionandt
he
mon
itor
ingc
ros
s-sec
tiont
heo
far
chdam.
Themeasu
ringpo
int
smaybel
aidou
tatt
her
ep-
r
esen
tat
iveopen
ing,ga
lle
ryanddam j
oin
t whennecess
ary.The mon
itor
ingpo
intoft
he
dambodyt
empe
rat
uresha
llbel
aidou
tacco
rdi
ngt
othes
tat
usoft
het
empe
rat
uref
ied.
l

1) Thet
angen
tia
lth
rus
tandt
her
adi
alshea
ringf
orceo
fthea
rchsuppor
tsha
llbet
hef
ocus
ofa
rchdams
tressmon
ito
ring.
Inadd
iti
ont
othes
tra
ingauge,t
hecomp
ress
ions
tress
me
termaya
lsobea
rrangedi
nthet
hrus
tdi
rec
tiono
fthea
rcht
odi
rec
tly mon
itort
he
200
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

t
angen
tia
lar
cht
hr t.
us

2) The quan
tit
y and l
ayou
t of t
he i
nst
rumen
tsi
nthe s
tra
in-
gauge a
rrays sha
ll be
de
termi
neda
ccor
dingt
othes
tresss
tat
eoft
hemon
itor
ingpo
ins.
t

3) I
nthes
tres
szoneo
fthea
rchdam,t
hedamhee
loro
the
rbounda
rypa
rtswhe
ret
ens
ile
s
tres r,t
smayoccu hec
rackme
termaya
lsobel
aidou
tto mon
ito
rtheposs
ibl
ecr
acks
ort
hecomb
ina
tions
itua
tion oft
heconc
ret
eand bed
rocki
nadd
iti
ont
othes
tra
in
gauge.

4) I
nthet
empe
rat
ure mon
ito
ringdam sec
tion,3t
o7 mon
itor
ingc
ros
s-sec
tions maybe
l
aidou
taccor
dingt
othed
iff
eren
tdamhe
igh
ts.
3to5measu
ringpo
int
smaybel
aidou
t
a
tthei
nte
rsec
tionl
inebe
tweent
hemon
itor
ingc
ross
-sec
tionandt
hecen
tra
lsec
tionof
t
hedamsec
tion.Ont
hepos
iti
onnea
rthedamf
acewi
thar
ela
tive
lys
teept
empe
rat
ure
r
gad
ien
tora
roundt
hel
argeopen
ing,t
hequan
tit
yofmea
sur
ingpo
int
smaybeapp
ro-
pr
iate
lyinc
reased.Whenthesun
ligh
td i
ffe
rencebetweenbot
hbanksofthear
chdamis
r
elat
ivel
ysign
i f
i t,t
can hetemperatur
e measuri
ng poi
ntsshou
ld bela
id outonthe
downs
tream su
rfaces oft
hel
eftandr
igh
tar
ch abu
tmen
ts.Add
iti
ona
ltempe
rat
ure
mea
sur
ingpo
int
smaybea
rrangedont
hes
tress mon
itor
ingc
ross
-sec
tionoft
hea
rch
suppot,i
r fneces
say.
r

5) Fo
rmon
itor
ingt
hedamf
ounda
tiont
empe
rat
ure,5 mt
o10 m deepho
lesmaybel
aid
ou
tatt
hebo
ttomo
fthet
empe
rat
uremon
itor
ingsec
tion,andt
het
empe
rat
uregauges
maybebu
rieda
tdi
ffe
ren
tdep
ths.

6) Thet
empo
rar
ytempe
rat
uremon
ito
ringdu
ringt
hecons
truc
tionpe
riodshou
ldbecom-
b
inedwi
tht
hepe
rmanen
ttempe
rat
uremon
itor
ing.

7) Fo
rmon
itor
ingt
heopen
ingchangesi
nthet
ransve
rsej
oin
tsorl
ong
itud
ina
ljo
int
sont
he
a
rchdam,acon
tro
lledc
rackme
termaybea
rrangedi
nthecen
treo
ftheg
rou
tinga
rea
oft
hedamj
oin
tfo
rmon
ito
ring.

2.
10.3 Themon
itor
ingo
ftheconc
ret
efacedr
ock
fil
ldamsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Themon
ito
ringf
aci
li
tiesf
ort
heconc
ret
efa
cedr
ock
fil
ldamsha
llbel
aidou
tinl
inewi
tht
hef
ol-
l
owi
ngp
rinc
ipes.
l

1) Thei
nte
rna
lde
forma
tion mon
ito
ringsha
llbel
aidou
tincomb
ina
tion wi
tht
heex
ter
nalde
-
f
orma
tionmon
ito
ringt
ore
flec
tthewor
kings
tat
eoft
hedam.

2) Theobse
rva
tionpo
int
soft
hed
isp
lacemen
tont
heext
erna
lsu
rfacemaybel
aidou
tatequa
l
201
SHP/TG 002
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2019

i
nte
rva
ls.

3) Fori
nte
rna
lmon
itor
ing,a
tleas
tone mon
itor
ingt
ransve
rsesec
tionsha
llbel
aidou
tatt
he
pos
iti
onwi
tht
hemax
imumdamhe
i t,andt
gh hemon
ito
ringl
ong
itud
ina
lsec
tionsshou
ldbe
l
aidou
tal
ongt
hedamax
is.

4) Thei
nte
rna
lmon
ito
ringf
aci
li
tiesshou
ldbekep
tawayf
romt
hecons
truc
tiond
ist
urbanceand
f
aci
li
tat
emon
itor
ingope
rat
iont
oensu
ret
hatnecess
ar r
ypoec
j tmon
itor
ingcans
til
lbeca
r-
r
iedou
tunde
rha
rshwea
the
rcond
iton.
i

5) Themon
itor
ingi
temssucha
sde
forma
tionandseepagesha
llbeemphas
ized,wi
themphas
is
onconc
ret
efa
cede
forma
tion,t
hree
-dimens
iona
lde
flec
tionoft
he pe
riphe
ralj
oit,dam
n
bodyd
isp
la tandseepage.
cemen

b) Thep
red
ict
edscopeo
fthemon
ito
ringva
luessha
llbede
te ned,andt
rmi het
ypeand measu
ring
r
angeoft
hemon
ito
ringi
nst
rumen
tssha
llbese
lec
tedaccor
dingt
othedes
ignca
lcu
lat
ionr
esu
lts
andt
hemon
ito
ringr
esu
ltso
fsimi
larp
roec
j s.
t

c) Thef
oll
owi
ng mon
itor
ingi
temssha
llbea
rranged:

1) ve
rti
cald
isp
lacemen
tandho
rizon
tald
isp
lacemen
toft
hedamf
ace;

2) ve
rti
cald
isp
lacemen
ti hedambody,ho
nt rizon
tald
isp
lacemen
tal
ongt
her
ive
rdi
rec
tionand
hor
izon
tald
isp
lacemen
tal
ongt
hedamax
is;

3) j
oin
tdi
spl
a t;
cemen

4) f
acede
forma
tionands
tra
in;

5) i
fthedamf
ounda
tionha
sacove
ringl r,t
aye hese
ttl
emen
tmon
ito
ringi
temsha
llbea
rranged
f
ort
hedamf
ounda
tioncove
ringl r;
aye

6) seepage.

2.
10.4 Themon
itor
ingo
fther
oll
edea
rth
-rockdamsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Theobse
rva
tionf
aci
li
tiessha
llbea
rrangedf
ort
heea
rthandr
ock
fil
ldam.
Theobse
rva
tioni
tems
maybede
termi
neda
ccor
dingt
otheimpo
rtanceoft
hep
roec
j t,damt
ype,damhe
igh
tandgeo-
l
ogi
calcond
itons.
i

b) Theobse
rva
tiono
ftheea
rthandr
ock
fil
ldam ma
inl
yinc
ludesr
out
inev
isua
linspec
tionandex
ter
-
202
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

na
lobse
rva
tion.The obse
rva
tion i
tems t
o be a
rranged sha
ll ma
inl
yinc
lude t
he su
rface
se
ttl
emen
tandd
isp
la t,seepage,t
cemen het
urb
idi
tyo
ftheseeped wa
terandt
heups
tream/
downs
tream wa
terl
eve
ls.

c) 1t
o2se
ttl
emen
tandho
rizon
tald
isp
lacemen
tobse
rva
tionsec
tionssha
llbea
rrangedf
ort
he
ea
rthandr
ock
fil
ldama
longt
hedamax
is;2t
o3obse
rva
tionpo
int
ssha
llbea
rrangedont
hedam
c
res
tandt
hedowns
tream dam s
lopei
neachsec
tion.Thed
isp
lacemen
tandse
ttl
emen
tgage
po
int
ssha
llbel
aidou
tatt
heconnec
tionbe
tweent
heea
rthdamandt
heconc
ret
est
ruc
tue,t
r he
pos
iti
onswi
tht
hep
ipebu
riedunde
rthedamandt
hepos
iti
onwi
thachangei
nthedep
tho
ffi
ll
-
ng.
i

d) The wa
ter mea
sur
emen
t we
ir me
thodvo
lume me
thod may beusedt
oobse
rvet
heseepage
f
low,andt
het
urb
idi
tyoft
heseepedwa
tersha
llbeobse
rved.

e) Fort
hedamonasandg
rave
lcove
ringl r,t
aye hewa
terl
eve
lobse
rva
tionp
ipesha
llbea
rranged
a
tthedamf
ounda
tion,and1t
o2obse
rva
tionsec
tionssha
llbea
rrangeda
longt
hedam ax
is.
Ea
chsec
tionsha
llbeequ
ippedwi
th2t
o3obse
rva
tionp
ipes.
Theobse
rva
tionp
ipef
ort
heseep
-
agel
ineo
fthedambodysha
llbea
rrangedwhenneces
say.
r

f) Fort
hedambu
iltont
heso
ftso
ilf
ounda
tion,t
hese
ttl
emen
tde
forma
tionsha
llbeobse
rveddu
r-
ingthecons
truc
tionpe
riod;al
ong withther
iseofthedambody,theobse
rva
tionpoint
sforthe
sett
lementdi
spl
acementsha
llbear
r angedontheupst
ream/downs
treamdamslopesandbeyond
t
hes
l oe;t
opet hesec
tionssha
llbea
rrangeda
tin
ter
val
sof50mt
o100ma
longt
hedamax
is;3
t
o5obse
rva
tionpo
int
ssha
llbea
rrangedi
neachsec
tion.Themea
sur
ingpo
int
sdu
ringt
hecon
-
s
truc
tionpe
riodsha
llbecomb
inedwi
tht
hepe
rmanen
tgagepo
ins.
t Theobse
rva
tionp
ipef
ort
he
por
epr
essu
reo
fthedamf
ounda
tionsha
llbea
rrangedwhennecessa
ry.

g) Whent
hef
ounda
tioni
sco
llaps
ibl
eloess,t
hegagepo
int
soft
hef
ounda
tionse
ttl
emen
tandt
he
mea
sur
ingpo
int
soft
hedambodyse
ttl
emen
tdi
spl
acemen
tmaybea
rranged.

h) Theappea
ranceobse
rva
tion (
sucha
scr
acks,co
llapse,upheava
l,s
andbo
il
ingandwa
terbu
rst)
sha
llbeca
rri
edou
tfr
equen
tlyandpe
riod
ica
llyf
ort
heea
rthandr
ock
fil
ldam.
Thesp
ilway,ga
l te
oft
hewa
terconveyancet
unne
landho
istsha
llbepe
riod
ica
llyi
nspec
tedt
oensu
ret
hatt
hega
te
cou
ldbef
lex
ibl
yopenedandc
losed.

i) Al
ltheobse
rvedda
taandi
nspec
tionr
esu
ltssha
llbesor
tedandana
lysedi
ntime;t
het
ime
ly
mea
sur
essha
llbet
akeni
nca
seofanyabnorma
li
ty.

2.
10.5 Themon
itor
ingo
fthepowe
rhousesha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) Theext
erna
lmon
itor
ingf
ort
hepowe
rhousesha
lli
ncl
udet
hemon
itor
ingo
fthed
isp
lacemen
tof
203
SHP/TG 002
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2019

t
hes
truc
tues,se
r ttl t,up
emen lif
tpr
essu
reoff
ounda
tionandseepage.

b) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othef
ounda
tiono
fthepowe
rhousewi
thpoo
rgeo
log
ica
lcond
itons,t
i henecess
ary
r
gounds
tres
sandde
forma
tion mon
itor
ingsha
llbea
rrangedaccor
dingt
othef
ounda
tiont
rea
t-
men
tdes
ign.

c) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othepowe
rhousef
ounda
tionwi
thcon
finedaqu
ife
randt
hepowe
rhousef
ounda
tion
wi
thdeeps
lid
ingsu
rface,t
hedeepp
ressu
remeasu
ringequ
ipmen
tsha
llbebu
riedi
nadd
iti
ont
o
t
hemon
ito
ringoft
heup
lif
tpr
essu
rea
longt
hef
ounda
tionsu
rfa
ceoft
hes
truc
tue.
r

d) Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othe mon
itor
ingofs
lopes
tab
il
ity wi
thi
nthepowe
rhousea
rea,necess
arys
lope
d
isp
lacemen
t de
forma
tion, g
roundwa
terl
eve
l and seepage mon
itor
ing sha
ll be a
rranged
a
ccor
dingt
othehyd
rogeo
log
ica
landeng
inee
ringgeo
log
ica
lcond
iti
onsa
swe
llast
heeng
inee
ring
r
pot
ect
iondes
ign.

2.
10.6 S
lopemon
ito
ringsha
llmee
tthef
oll
owi
ngr
equ
iremen
ts.

a) S
lopeove
ral
lst
abi
li
ty mon
ito
ringsha
llbeg
ivenp
rior
it o,wh
yt ilel
oca
lst
abi
li
ty mon
itor
ingsha
ll
bet
akeni
nt t.
oaccoun St
abi
li
tymon
itor
ingi
sma
inl
ybasedont
hes
lopede
forma
tion.
Thesu
rface
d
isp
lacemen
tshou
ldbema
inl
y mon
itor
edi
nthecase whe
ret
hel
ands
lidesu
rfacei
sal
readyde
-
t
e ned.
rmi

b) Themon
ito
ringo
fbo
thd
isp
lacemen
tandde
forma
tioni
ncl
udesext
erna
lmon
ito
ring (
sloped
is-
l
pacement and sett
lemen
t moni
torng, c
i rack l
engt
h and wi dt
h moni
tor
ing) and in
terna
l
monit
orng (
i under
grounddef
orma
tionmoni
torng,s
i l
idingsu
rfaceorf
aul
tact
ivi
ty moni
torng).
i

c) Gr
oundwa
termon
ito
ringi
ncl
udesmon
ito
ringoft
heg
roundwa
tert
abl
eandp
ressu
re,d
ischa
rge
a
tthed
rai
nagepo
int
sandwa
terqua
li
ty.

d) The mon
itor
ingo
fthes
loper
ein
for
cemen
tst
ruc
tur
esi
ncl
udest
hes
tress
-st
rai
n mon
itor
ingof
t
hes
lide
-res
ist
antp
ile,an
ti-
shea
rho
le,anchor
ageho
le,anchorcab
leandr
eta
ini
ng wa
ll.

e) Spec
ialmoni
tor
ing ofimport
anteng
inee
ring s
lopesi
ncl
udest
he mon
itor
ing ofp
rec
ipi
tat
ion,
c
rust
alst
r s,ea
es rthquake,e
tc.

f) Oneormo
rer
epr
esen
tat
ivemon
itor
ingp
rof
ilesshou
ldbese
tcons
ide
ringt
hegeo
log
ica
landen
-
i
gnee
ringf
eat
uresoft
hes
treng
then
ings
lope,wi
thea
chp
rof
ilehav
inga
tleas
tth
reemon
ito
ring
po
ins.Themon
t itor
ingp
rof
ileshou
ldbecomb
ined wi
thbo
tht
hegeo
log
ica
lexp
lor
ati
onp
rof
ile
ands
tab
il
ityana
lys
isp
rof
ilea
smuchaspos
sib
le.
Thel
ayou
toft
hesu
rfa
ced
isp
lacemen
tmon
ito-
r
ingpo
int
sshou
ldbecomb
ined wi
tht
hel
oca
tionso
ftheunde
rgr
oundde
forma
tion mon
ito
ring
po
int
stocor
rel
atet
hesu
rfa
ced
isp
lacemen
twi
tht
heunde
rgr
oundde
forma
tion.
204
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

g) Su
rfa
ced
isp
lacemen
tmon
ito
ring:t
riangu
lat
ionne
twor
kandl
eve
ll
ingne
twor
kshou
ldbese
tfor
s
igni
ficants
lopes.Thegeode
ticsur
vey met
hodshou
ldbeusedto moni
torthesurfaceobse
rva-
t
ionpo in
ts.I
ngene r
al,sl
opes maybe moni
tor
edbysimpl
e measur
ing me
t hodssuchass i
ght
l
ine.

h) Themon
ito
ringo
fsl
opesu
rfaceanddeepc
r s:t
ack hree
-dimens
iona
lors
imp
lej
oin
tgaugesa
re
usedf
ormon
itor
ingaccor
dingt
oit
simpor
tance.Geo
log
ica
lpa
tro
ll
ingi
nspec
tionandmon
ito
ring
oft
hed
ist
ribu
tion,quan
tit
yandl
eng
thshou
lda
lsobeca
rri
edou
tfort
hesu
rfacec
racks.

11 Conc
retest
rength,du
rab
ili
tyandstee
lpe
rfo
rmance

11.
1 Conc
retest
rength

1.
11.1 Theconc
ret
esha
llmee
tthes
treng
thr
equ
iremen
ts,andsha
lls
ati
sfyt
hedu
rab
il
ityr
equ
ire
-
men
tso
flow pe
rmeab
il
ity,f
ros
tres
isance,an
t ti-
eros
ionandan
ti-
scou
rrespec
tive
lyaccor
dingt
o
t
hewor
kingcond
iti
onsandr
egi
ona
lcl
ima
ticcond
iti
onso
fthes
truc
tues.Wi
r thr
ega
rdt
othel
arge
-
vo
lumeconc
ret
est
ruc
tur
ewi
thr
ela
tive
lyh
ighr
equ
iremen
tsf
orp
reven
tingt
empe
rat
urec
racks,t
he
r
equ
iremen
tsf
orh
ighexpans
ionandl
ow hea
tpr
ope
rti
essha
llbep
roposedi
nthedes
ign,andl
ow
hea
tcemen
tshou
ldbese
lec
tedo
rtheapp
rop
ria
teadmi
xtu
reandadd
iti
veshou
ldbeadded.

1.
11.2 Theconc
ret
est
reng
thg
radeo
fther
ein
for
cedconc
ret
est
ruc
tur
esha
llnotbel
owe
rthan
C20;whenr
ein
for
cemen
twi
thr
ein
for
cingt
ens
iles
treng
tho sused,t
f400 MPaandabovei hecon
-
c
ret
est
reng
thg
radesha
llno
tbel
owe
rthanC25.Theconc
ret
est
reng
thg
radeo
fthep
re-
str
essed
conc
ret
est
ruc
tur
esha
llnotbel
owe
rthanC40.

1.
11.3 Thedes
ignva
luesfc andftf
ort
heax
ialcomp
ress
ionandt
heax
ialt
ens
iles
treng
tho
fthe
conc
ret
e sha
llbe de
termi
ned acco
rdi
ng t
o Tab
le 32.When ca
lcu
lat
ing cas
t-i
n-l
pace r
ein
for
ced
conc
ret
emembe
rsunde
rax
ialcomp
ress
ionandeccen
tri
ccomp
ress
ion,
ift
hel
ongs
ideo
fthesec
tion
ort
hed
iame
teri
sles han300 mm,t
st hedes
ignva
lueoft
heconc
ret
est
reng
thi
nthet
abl
esha
llbe
mu
lti
pli
edbyt
hecoe
ffi
cien 8;t
t0. hisr
est
ric
tionmaynotimposedwhent
hemembe
rqua
li
ty(
suchas
t
heconc
ret
epl t,c
acemen ross
-sec
tionandax
isd
imens
ions)i
sgua
ran
teed.

Tab
le32 Des
ignva
lueoftheconc
retest
rength Un
it:N/mm2

St
reng
th Conc
ret
est
reng
thg
rade
Symbo
l
va
rie
ty C15 C20 C25 C30 C35 C40 C45 C50 C55 C60

Ax
ial
comp
res
sive fc 7.
2 9.
6 11.
9 14.
3 16.
7 19.
1 21.
1 23.
1 25.
3 27.
5
s
treng
th
Ax
ialt
ens
ile
ft 0.
91 1.
10 1.
27 1.
43 1.
57 1.
71 1.
80 1.
89 1.
96 2.
04
s
treng
th

205
SHP/TG 002
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2019

1.
11.4 I
nthedes
igno
fthes
truc
tur
almembe
rsoft
heconc
ret
est
ruc
tue,t
r hel
ong
-te
rms
treng
thof
t
heconc
ret
eshou
ldno r,t
tbeused.Howeve hecomp
ress
ives
treng
tha
ttheage of60 daysor
90daysmaybeuseduponsu
ffi
cien
teva
lua
tioni
naccor
dancewi
tht
het
ypeofs
truc
tue,r
r egi
ona
lcl
i-
ma
ticcond
iti
onsandt
imeo
floadt
rans
fer.
Thei
ncr
easer
ati
oint
hecomp
ress
ives
treng
tha
tdi
ffe
ren
t
ageso
ftheconc
ret
esha
llbede
termi
nedt
hrought
est.
Ift
estda
tai
sunava
ilab
le,t
her
ati
o maybe
usedwi
thr
efe
rencet
oTab
le33.

Tab
le33 Rat
ioofcompr
ess
ivest
rengthatd
iffer
entagesoftheconcr
ete

Ageo
fconc
ret
e
Cemen
tva
rie
ty
7days 28days 60days 90days

Or
dina
rypo
rtl
andcemen
t 0.
55-
0.65 1.
0 1.
10 1.
20

Po
rtl
andb
las
tfu
rna
ces
lagcemen
t 0.
45-
0.55 1.
0 1.
20 1.
30

Po
rtl
and
-poz
zol
anacemen
t 0.
45-
0.55 1.
0 1.
15 1.
25

NOTE I
nthet
abe,t
l heva
luei
sther
ati
owhent
hes
treng
tha
ttheageo
f28daysi
sas
sumedt 0;wi
obe1. thr
ega
rd
t
othemembe
rscu
redwi
ths
team,t
hei
ncr
easei
nthecomp
res
sives
treng
tha
long wi
tht
heage wi
llno
tbe
cons
ide
red;i
nthet
abe,t
l hei
nfl
uenceso
ftheadmi
xtu
reandt
headd
iti
veo
ftheconc
ret
ear
eno
tcons
ide
red
i
ntheva
lues;i
nthet
abe,t
l heva
luesapp
lyt
otheconc
ret
ewi
thaconc
ret
est
reng
thM30o
rl r;t
owe her
ati
o
o
fthecomp
res
sives
treng
tho
fconc
ret
e wi
thas
treng
thg
radeh
ighe
rthan M30sha
llbede
termi
nedt
hrough
t
est
ing.

1.
11.5 Thecomp
res
siveo
rtens
ilee
las
tic
ity modu
lusEc o
ftheconc
ret
eatt
heageof28daysmay
beadop
tedwi
thr
efe
rencet
oTab
le36.ThePo
isson’
sra
tioνc oft
heconc
ret
e maybe0.
167.The
shea
rmodu
lus Gc oft
heconc
ret
e may be0.
4timest
hee
las
tic
ity modu
lus Ec oft
heconc
ret
ein
Tab
le34.

Tab
le34 E
last
ici
ty modu
lusoftheconcr
ete

Ec Ec
Conc
ret
est
reng
thg
rade Conc
ret
est
reng
thg
rade
(
N/mm ) 2
(
N/mm2 )

C15 2.
20×104 C40 3.
25×104

C20 2.
55×104 C45 3.
35×104

C25 2.
80×104 C50 3.
45×104

C30 3.
00×104 C55 3.
55×104

C35 3.
15×104 C60 3.
60×104

1.
11.6 Thedens
ityo
ftheconc
ret
esha
llbede
termi
nedbyt
est
ing.
Ifnot
estda
tai
sava
ilab
le,t
he
dens
ity maybet
a s24kN/m3 f
kena orp
lai
ncemen
tconc
ree;and25kN/m3 f
t orr
ein
for
cedcemen
t
conc
ree.
t

206
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

11.
2 Conc
retedur
abi
lity

2.
11.1 Pe
rmanen
thyd
rau
licconc
ret
est
ruc
tur
essha
llmee
tthedu
rab
il
ityr
equ
iremen
ts.Theco
rre
-
spond
ingdu
rab
il
ityr
equ
iremen
tsmaybepu
tforwa
rdacco
rdi
ngt
otheenv
ironmen
talca
tegor
yoft
he
s
truc
tue.Theca
r tegor
yoft
heenv
ironmen
tmaybeapp
rop
ria
tel
yupg
radedordowng
radedacco
rdi
ng
t
otheac
tua
lst
atusoft
hep
rot
ect
ivemea
sur
esf
ort
hes
truc
tur
esu
rfaceaswe
llast
heexpec
tedcon
-
s
truc
tionqua
li
tycon
tro
ll l,bu
eve ttheca
tegor
yoft
heenv
ironmen
tsha
llnotbel
owe
rthanca
tegor
y
Ⅰ norh
ighe
rthanca
tego
r Thedu
y Ⅴ. rab
il
ityr
equ
iremen
tmaynotber
equ
iredf
ort
empor
arys
truc
-
t
ures.

2.
11.2 Thedu
rab
il
ityr
equ
iremen
tso
fconc
ret
est
ruc
tur
essha
llbedes
ignedacco
rdi
ngt
othedes
ign
se
rvi
cel
ifeoft
hes
truc
tur
eandt
heenv
ironmen
tca
tego
ryspec
ifi
edi
nTab
le35.Whent
het
echn
ica
l
cond
iti
onscannotensu
ret
hata
llt
hes
truc
tur
al(
componen
ts)membe
rsoft
hes
truc
tur
ecanach
ieve
t
hes
amedu
rab
il
itya
sthedes
ignedse
rvi
cel
ifeoft
hes
truc
tue,t
r hedes
ignshou
lds
tipu
lat
ethenum-
be
roft
imest
hatt
hes
truc
tur
al(
componen
ts)membe
rsneedt
obeove
rhau
ledorr
epl
aceddu
ringt
he
des
ignedse
rvi
cel
ife.Al
lthes
truc
tur
almembe
rsl
ist
edr
equ
iri
ngove
rhau
lorr
epl
acemen
tsha
llbede
-
s
ignedi
ncons
ide
rat
iono
fit
sab
il
ityt
ober
epa
iredo
rrep
lacedunde
rcons
truc
tionandope
rat
ingcon
-
d
itons.Thedes
i ignedse
rvi
cel
ifeo
fst
ruc
tur
almembe
rst
hata
renotqua
li
fiedf
orr
epa
irsha
llbet
he
samea
sthedes
ignedse
rvi
cel
ifeo
fthewho
les
truc
tue.
r

Tab
le35 Env
ironmentcatego
riesforhydr
aul
icconcr
etest
ructur
es

Env
ironmen
t
Cond
iti
ons
ca
tego
ries

Ⅰ I
ndoo
rno
rma
lenv
ironmen
t

Ⅱ I
ndoo
rhumi
denv
ir t;ou
onmen tdoo
renv
ir t;unde
onmen rwa
tero
runde
rgr
oundf
orl
ongt
erm

Ⅲ Wa
terl
eve
lchang
ingr
egon,unde
i rgr
oundenv
ironmen
twi
thco
rros
iveg
roundwa
ter;unde
rseawa
ter

Ⅳ Atmosphe
ricr
egi hesea;l
onont igh
tsa
ltmi
sta
cti
onr
egi
on

Env
ironmen
tinwh
ichde
-ic
ings
al sused;seawa
ti terl
eve
lchang
ingr
egi
onandwavesp
lash
ingr
egon;
i
Ⅴ a
tmosphe
ricr
egi
onont
heseawi
thi
nthes
copeo
f15 mabovet
heMeanSeal l;heavys
eve altmi
st
a
cti
onr
egon;env
i ironmen
twi
thse
riousco
rros
ivemed
iuma
cti
on

NOTE1 Thebounda
rybe
tweent
hea
tmosphe
ricr
egi
ona
tseaandt
hewavesp
lash
ingr
egi
oni
sthedes
ignmax
imum
wa
terl
eve
lpl 5 m;t
us1. hebounda
rybe
tweent
hewavesp
lash
ingr
egi
onandt
he wa
terl
eve
lchang
ingr
e-
i
goni
st hedes
ignmax
imum wat
erleve
lmi 0 m;t
nus1. hebounda
rybetweenthe wa
terleve
lchang
ingre-
i
gonandtheunde
rwat
erreg
ioni
sthedesi
gnminimum wa
terl
evelmi
nus1.0 m;theheavysal
tmistac
tion
r
egi
onr
efe
rst
otheonsho
reou
tdoo
renv
ironmen
twi
thi
nthes
copeo
f50 mf
romt
hef
loodt
idel
ine;t
he
l
igh
tsa
ltmi
sta
cti
onr
egi
onr
efe
rst
otheonsho
reou
tdoo
renv
ironmen
twi
thi
nthes
copeo
f50 mt
o200 m
f
romt
hef
loodt
idel
ine.
NOTE2 Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othes
truc
tur
esunde
renv
ironmen
talcond
iti
onso
fca
tego
riesI
IandI
IIwi
thr
ela
tive
lyse
rious
f
reezet ng,i
hawi tsenv
ironmen
tca
tego
ry maybeupg
radedbyoneca
tego
ry.

207
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

2.
11.3 Thedes
ignedse
rvi
cel
ifeo
ftheSHPs
tat
ioni
s50yea
rs.
Theba
sicdu
rab
il
ityr
equ
iremen
tsof
t
her
ein
for
cedconc
ret
eshou
ldmee
tther
equ
iremen
tsi
nTab
le36.

Tab
le36 Bas
icr
equ
irementsfo
rdu
rab
ili
tyofr
einfor
cedconcr
ete

Mi
nimum Mi
nimum Max
imum Max
imum
Env
ironmen
t Max
imuma
lka
li
s
treng
thg
rade cemen
tdos
age wa
ter
-cemen
t ch
lor
inei
on
ca
tego
ry con
t t(
en kg/m3 )
o
fconc
ret
e (
kg/m3 ) r
ati
o con
t t (% )
en

Ⅰ C20 220 0.
60 1.
0 No
tlimi
ted
Ⅱ C20 260 0.
55 0.
3 3.
0
Ⅲ C25 300 0.
50 0.
2 3.
0
Ⅳ C30 320 0.
45 0.
1 2.
5
Ⅴ C35 360 0.
40 0.
06 2.
5

NOTE1 Themi
nimums
treng
thg
radeo
fconc
ret
efo
rthep
re-
str
essedconc
ret
est
ruc
tur
e wi
ths
tee
lwi
reands
tee
l
s
trandshou
ldno
tbel
owe
rthanM40;t
hemi
nimumcemen
tdos
ageshou
ldno
tbel
es han300kg/m3 ;
st
NOTE2 Whent
hea
cti
veadmi
xtu
reo
radd
iti
ve wh
ichcou
ldimp
rovet
hedu
rab
il
ityi
saddedi
ntot
heconc
ree,t
t he
mi
nimumcemen
tdos
agemaybeapp
rop
ria
tel
yreduced;
NOTE3 Wi
thr
ega
rdt
otheuppe
rst
ruc
tur
eoft
heb
ridgea
swe
lla
sthebeamandco
lumns
truc
tur
esi
ntheopenen
-
v
ir t,t
onmen heconc
ret
est
reng
thg
radeshou
ldno
tbel
owe
rthanC25;
NOTE4 Thech
lor
inei
oncon
ten
tre
fer
stot
hepe
rcen
tageo
fch
lor
inei
oni
nthecemen age;t
tdos hech
lor
inei
ons
con
ten
tint
hep
re-
str
essedconc
ret
emembe
rshou
ldno
tbemo
ret 06% ;
han0.
NOTE5 Whenanon
-al
kal
iner
eac
tionagg
rega
t sused,t
ei hea
lka
licon
ten
tint
heconc
ret
emayno
tbel
imi
ted;
NOTE6 Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othes
truc
tur
almembe
rso
fas
truc
tur
eint
heenv
ironmen
tofca
tego
riesⅢ andⅣ andsub
jec
t
t
ose
riousf
r t,t
os hemax
imum wa
ter
-cemen
tra
tioo
ftheconc
ret
esha
llmee
tthef
ros
tres
ist
ancedes
ignr
e-
qu
iremen
tso
fthehyd
rau
lics
truc
tue;
r
NOTE7 I
ntheseawa
terl
eve
lchang
ingr
egi
onandwavesp
lash
ingr
egi
ono
ftheho
taea,a
r llk
indso
fba
sicr
equ
ire
-
men
tsf
ort
hedu
rab
il
ityo
ftheconc
ret
eshou
ldbeapp
rop
ria
tel
yst
ric
tert
hant
hosespec
ifi
edi
ntheTab
le.

2.
11.4 Whent
hedu
rab
il
ityneedst
obecons
ide
redf
ort
hep
lai
nconc
ret
est
ruc
tue,t
r heba
sicr
e-
qu
iremen
tsofdu
rab
il
ity maybedowng
radedbyoneca
tegor
yfr
omt
hea
ctua
lenv
ironmen
tca
tegor
y
andwi
thr
efe
rencet
oTab
le36he
ren.
i

2.
11.5 Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othes
truc
tur
ewi
thanan
ti-
seepager
equ
ir t,t
emen heconc
ret
esha
llmee
tthe
provi
sionsofther
e l
evantan
ti-seepagegade.
r Thean
ti-
seepageg
radeoft heconc
retesha
llbetes
ted
acco
rdingtothestanda
rdspecimena ttheageof28days;andtheant
i-seepagegradesf
orthecon-
c
ret
einc
lude:W2,W4,W6,W8,W10and W12.Thean
ti-
seepageg
radesa
lso maybe measu
red
wi
tht
hespec
imena
ttheageo
f60daysor90days wi
thr
efe
rencet
othet
ime whent
hes
truc
tur
e
s
tar
tst
obea
rwa
terp
res
sue.Thean
r ti-
seepageg
radeso
ftheconc
ret
efo
rthes
truc
tur
esha
llbede
-
t
ermi
nedacco
rdi
ngt
othehead,t
hehyd
rau
licg
rad
ien
tas we
llast
hedowns
tream d
rai
nagecond
i-
t
ions,wa
terqua
lit
ycond
iti
onsandhaz
ardr
ati
ngoft
hei
nfi
ltr
ati
onwa
ter,andsha
llnotbel
owe
rthan
t
heva
luespec
ifi
edi
nTab
le37.

208
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

Tab
le37 Mi
nimuma
llowab
leva
luesfortheconcr
eteant
i-seepagegr
ades

No. St
ruc
tur
alt
ypeandope
rat
ingcond
iti
ons An
ti-
seepageg
rades

Downs
treamsu
rfa
ceo
fthel
arge
-vo
lumeconc
ret
est
ruc
tur
eandi
nte
rio
rof
1 W2
s
truc
tur
es

H<30 W4

Wa
ter
-re
tai
ningsu
rfa
ceo
fthel
arge
-vo
lume 30≤H<70 W6
2
conc
ret
est
ruc
tur
e 70≤H<150 W8

H≥150 W10

I<10 W4
Downs
treamf
aceo
fthes
truc
tur
almembe
rs
0≤I<30 W6
3 o
fthep
lai
nconc
ret
eandr
ein
for
cedconc
ret
e
30≤I<50 W8
s
truc
tue,whe
r ret
hewa
tercanseepf
ree
ly
I≥50 W10

NOTE1 H r
efe
rst
othehead (
m)andir
efe
rst
othehyd
rau
licg
rad
i t;
en
NOTE2 Whent
heded
ica
tedr
eli
abl
eimpe
rvi
ousba
rri
erha
sbeenl
aidont
hesu
rfa
ceo
fthes
truc
tue,t
r heconc
ret
e
an
ti-
seepageg
radespec
ifi
edi
nth
ist
abl
emaybeapp
rop
ria
tel
ydowng
raded;
NOTE3 Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othes
truc
tur
essub
jec
ttoco
rros
ivewa
tera
cton,t
i heconc
ret
ean
ti-
seepageg
radesha
llbee
-
va
lua
tedt
hroughded
ica
tedt
ess,bu
t tsha
llno
tbel
owe
rthan W4;
NOTE4 Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othes
truc
tur
almembe
rs(
sucha
sthecu
t-o
ffwa
llo
fthef
ounda
tion)bu
riedi
nthef
ounda
tion,
t
heconc
ret
ean
ti-
seepageg
rademaybese
lec
teda
cco
rdi
ngt
othep
rov
isi
onso
fIt
em3i
nth
isTab
le;
NOTE5 Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othes
truc
tur
almembe
rso
fpl
ainconc
ret
eandt
her
ein
for
cedconc
ret
est
ruc
tur
esi
nwh
icht
he
wa
termayseepf
ree
lyf
romt
hedowns
treamf
ace,t
heconc
ret
ean
ti-
seepageg
rademaybedowng
radedby
oneg
radea
cco
rdi
ngt
oIt
em3i
nthet
abl
ewhent
heheadi
sles
sthan10 m;
NOTE6 Wi
thr
ega
rdt
othes
truc
tur
esi
ntheseve
reco
ldr
egon,t
i heco
ldr
egi
onandwi
thar
ela
tive
lys
teephyd
rau
lic
r
gad
i t,t
en hean
ti-
seepageg
radesha
llbeupg
radedbyoneg
radea
cco
rdi
ngt
othep
rov
isi
onsi
ntheTab
le.

2.
11.6 Thef
ros
tres
ist
antg
radeoft
heconc
ret
esha
llbemeasu
redwi
tht
hequ
ickf
ros
ttes
tme
thod
byusingthespec
imenattheageo f28days,whichcont
ainss
ixg
rades,namelyF400,F300,F200,
F150,F100andF50.Upontes
ting,thef
rostr
esi
stantgr
ademayal
sobemea su
redwi t
hthespecimen
a
tt r90days.Wi
heageof60dayso thr
ega
rdt
othes
truc
tur
eswi
thaf
ros
tres
ist
ancer
equ
ir t,
emen
t
hef
ros
tres
ist
antg
radessha
llbese
lec
ted wi
thr
efe
rencet
oTab
le38accor
dingt
othec
lima
ticr
e-
gons,f
i ros
t-t
hawcycletimes,l
ocalmicro-
clima
ticcondi
tionso
fthesu
rf ace,thedeg
reeofmoi
stur
e
sa
tur
ati
onandt he ma
int
enancecondi
tions.Whent herearealotofunfavourabl
efacto
rs,t
hefrost
r
esi
stanceg
rademaybeupg
radedbyoneg
rade.

209
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

Tab
le38 F
rostr
esi
stanceg
radesforconcr
ete

C
lima
ticr
egi
ons Seve
reco
ld Co
ld Mi
ld
No.
Annua
lfr
ost
-thawcyc
let
imes ≥100 <100 ≥100 <100 —

Loca
tionssub
jec
ttoseve
ref
ros
tandd
iff
icu
ltt
otr
eat
(
1)Ta
ilwa
terpos
iti
ono
fthehyd
ropowe
rst
aton,t
i hewa
ter
l
eve
lchang
ingr
egi
oni
nwi
nte
ratt
hei
nle
t/ou
tle
toft
hes
tor
-
agehyd
ropowe
rst
aton,t
i hesecond pha
seconc
ret
eoft
he
ga
tes
lot,andt
her
ailf
ounda
tion;
(
2)St
ruc
tur
almembe
rsandsecond pha
seconc
ret
eint
he
wa
terl
eve
lchang
ingr
egi
ono
fthenav
iga
tionl
ocknav
igab
le
1 i
nwi
nte
rorunnav
igab
leunde
rthei
nfl
uenceo
fthet
ailwa
ter F300 F300 F300 F200 F100
l
eve
loft
hehyd
ropowe
rst
aton;
i
(
3)Ove
rfl
owsu
rfa
ceandsecondpha
seconc
ret
eoft
hesp
il
l-
way,t
he g
lor
y ho
leo
rot
her wa
terconveyance pos
iti
ons
wi
thf
low ve
loc
it r
ygea
te han25 m/s,wi
rt thf
loa
ti ce,
ngi
heavysed
imen
to oad;
rheavybedl
(
4)Openr
ein
for
cedconc
ret
epens
tock,f
lumeandt
hin
-wa
ll
f
il
li
ngga
tewe
llwi
thwa
teri
nwi
ntr.
e

Loca
tions sub
jec
tto seve
re f
ros
t bu
t wi
th ea
se o
f
t
rea
tmen
tcond
iti
ons
(
1)Wa
terl
eve
lchang
ingr
egi
oni
n wi
nte
ront
heups
tream
f
aceo
fthel
arge
-vo
lumeconc
ret
est
ruc
tue;
r
(
2)Ta
il
raceo
fthehyd
ropowe
rst
ati
ono
rnav
iga
ti ock,
onl
ba
rri
cadeandp
rot
ect
ions
lopeo
ftheapp
roa l;
chchanne
2 F300 F200 F200 F150 F50
(
3)Ove
rfl
ow su
rfa
ceso
fthesp
ilway,wa
l terconveyance
t
unne
landwa
terd
ive
rsi
onsys
tem wi
thaf
low ve
loc
ityl
ess
han25 m/s;
t
(
4)Pavemen
t,p
lat
formhand
rai
ls,co
rnce,wa
i ll,s
lab,co
l-
umn,p
ier,ga
lle
ryo
rth
in-wa
llo
ftheve
rti
calsha
ft,p
ronet
o
snowa
ccumu
lat
ion,f
ros
tingo
rsa
tur
aton.
i

Loca
tionssub
jec
ttor
ela
tive
lyseve
ref
ros
t
(
1 ) Exposed l
oca
tions o
fthe l
arge
-vo
lume conc
ret
e
3 s
truc
tur
eont
heshadoweds
ide; F200 F200 F150 F150 F50
(
2)Channe
lst
ruc
tur
es wi
th wa
tero
rpr
onet
osnow a
ccu
-
mu
lat
ionandi
cingf
orl
ongdu
rat
ioni
nwi
nte
r

210
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

Tab
le38 (
con
tinued)

C
lima
ticr
egi
ons Seve
reco
ld Co
ld Mi
ld
No.
Annua
lfr
ost
-thawcyc
let
imes ≥100 <100 ≥100 <100 —

Loca
tionssub
jec
ttor
ela
tive
ly mi
ldf
ros
t
(
1 ) Exposed l
oca
tions o
fthe l
arge
-vo
lume conc
ret
e
s
truc
tur
eont
hesunnys
ide
4 (
2)Dr
ychanne
lst
ruc
tur
eswi
thou
twa
teri
nwi
nte
r F200 F150 F100 F100 F50
(
3)Unde
rwa
tert
hin
-wa
l r;
lmembe
(4 ) Ove
rfl
ow su
rfa
ce wi
th a f
low ve
loc
it r
y gea
ter
han25 m/s
t

Conc
ret
eunde
rwa
ter,
int
heso
ilandt
hei
nte
rna
lconc
ret
ein
5 F50 F50 — — —
l
argevo
lume

NOTE1 Theannua
lfr
ost
-thawcyc
let
imesr
efe
rtot
hea
lte
rna
tecyc
leo
fthea
irt
empe
rat
ured
ropp
ingf
romabove
+3 ℃ t
obe
low -3 ℃ andt
henr
isi
ngupt
oabove +3 ℃i
noneyea
randt
her
ise
-fa
llt
imeso
fthedes
ign
r
pe-
setwat
erl
eve
lswhent
heave
rageda
ilya
irt
empe
rat
urei
slowe
rthan -3 ℃i r,wh
noneyea icheve
ris
r
geat
er;
NOTE2 Thec
lima
tezon
ings
tanda
rdi
sasf
olows:
l
Seve
reco
ldr
egi
onr
efe
rst
other
egi
onwi
tht
hel
owes
tave
ragemon
thl
ytempe
rat
urel
owe
rthano
requa
lto
-10 ℃ ove
rtheyea
rs;
Co
ldr
egi
onr
efe
rst
other
egi
onwi
tht
hel
owes
tave
ragemon
thl
ytempe
rat
ureh
ighe
rthan-10 ℃ ,bu
tlow-
e
rthano
requa
lto -3 ℃ ove
rtheyea
rs;
Mi
ldr
egi
onr
efe
rst
other
egi
onwi
tht
hel
owes
tave
ragemon
thl
ytempe
rat
ureh
ighe
rthan -3 ℃.
NOTE3 Thewa
terl
eve
lchang
inga
reai
nwi
nte
rre
fer
stot
hel
oca
tionsf
rom0.
5 mt
o1mbe
lowt
hepos
sib
lemi
ni-
mum wa
terl
eve
linwi
nte
rto1m (
sunnys
ide),2m (
shadows
ide)o
r4m (
tai
lwa
terr
egi
ono
fthehyd
ro-
powe
rst
aton)abovepos
i sib
lemax
imum wa
terl
eve
linwi
nte
rdu
ringt
heope
rat
ingpe
riod.
NOTE4 Thesunnys
ider
efe
rst
othesu
rfa
cewh
ichwi
llno
tbeshadedbyt
hema
ssi
forbu
ild
ingi
fthe mos
toft
he
daysi
nthewi
nte
rar
ecl
earandt
heave
ragesunsh
inet
imei
s4h
rso
rmo
re.
Othe se,
rwi itsha
llbecons
ide
red
a
stheshadows
ide.
NOTE5 Thef
ros
tres
ist
antg
radeo
ftheconc
ret
eint
her
egi
onwi
tht
hel
owes
tave
ragemon
thl
ytempe
rat
urel
owe
r
t
han-
3 ℃ shou
ldbede
termi
nedt
hroughexpe
rimen
tat
iona
cco
rdi
ngt
othespec
ifi
ccond
itons;
i
NOTE6 I
nther
egi
onno
trequ
iredt
ohavef
ros
tres
ist
ancet
rea t,t
tmen heconc
ret
efr
ostr
esi
stanceg
radeshou
ldno
t
bel
owe
rthanF50.

2.
11. 7 Theairent
rai
ningadmixt
ureshal
lbemi xedint
ot hefr
ost-res
ist
antconc
rete.Theva
rietyand
quant
ityofcement,admixt
ureandaddi
tive,thew a
ter-cementra
tio, mix r
o
p port
ionandai
r cont
ent
sha
llbe de
termi
ned t
hrough t
est
sor se
lec
ted a
ccor
ding t
othe des
ign r
equ
iremen
tsoff
ros
t-
r
esi
stanceofhyd
rau
lics
truc
tues.Thea
r iren
tra
ini
ngadmi
xtu
reshou
ldbe mi
xedi
ntot
heconc
ret
e
usedi
nthema
rineenv
ironmen
tevent
hought
her
eisnof
ros
tres
ist
ancer
equ
ir t.
emen

2.
11.8 Wit
hregardtotheconcr
eteincontac
twiththecor
rosi
ve medum,an
i ti
-co
rros
ivecement
sha
llbeused,mixed wi
thhigh
-qual
ityac
tiveadmi
xtu
re,ora tthesametime,t
hespecia
lsur
face
211
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

coat
ingandotherp
rotec
tive measues.Fort
r he pa
rtssu f
fer
ingfrom h
igh-ve
loci
tyflow cavit
ati
on
eros
ion,measur
essuchasreasonab
lestr
uctu
ralprofi
le,improv
ingvent
ila
tioncondi
tion,inc
reasi
ng
concre
te dens
ity,str
ict
ly cont
rol
li
ng the fl
atnessofthe s
truc
tur
e surf
ace or se
tting spec
ial
prot
ectivesur
facel
ayersha
llbeadopted.Fort
hepa r
tswi
thsed
imentabr
ason,ha
i rdaggregat
esshall
beused,thewa t
er-
cementrat
iosha
llbereduced,theconcre
tes t
reng
thg radeshal
lbeupgradedand
thecons
truc
tionmethodsha
llbeimproved;wear-
resi
stantsur
faceprotec
tivema t
eria
lsorf
ibrecon-
c
ret
esha
llbeusedwhennecessa
ry.

11.
2.9 Whentheenvi
ronmentca
tegor
yisca
tegor
yI Vorcategoy V,t
r heshapeofthestr
uctu
re
sha
llber
egula ,
r andthestr
uct
uretypewit
hth
in-wa
l ,
lribbedshapeandmul
ti
-angul
arshou
ldnotbe
used.Withrega
rdtot her
einf
orcedconcre
tesurfaceandlocat
ionsp
ronetohi
ghconcen
tra
tionsof
de-i
cingsa
ltandse
riouschl
ori
nes a
ltcor
rosi ,
on theant
i-cor
rosi
vemater
ial
smaybeappl
iedbyd i
p-
coat
ingo
rcove
ring;thecorros
ioninh
ibi
tormaybeaddedintot
heconc
rete;theload-bea
ringbar
shoul
dempl
oytheribbedba
rwi thepoxycoa
ting;wi
threga
rdtopre
-st
ressedre
infor
cemen t,an
-
chorageandconnectr,ded
o i
cated p
rot
ect
ive mea
sur
esshallbetaken;withrega
rdt oimport
ant
str
uctures,t
hecathodi
cpr
otect
ionmeasur
esmaybet akena
fte
rtherein
for
cementiscor
roded,and
t
hecond
iti
onsf
orimp
lemen
tingca
thod
icp
rot
ect
ioni
nthef
utu
resha
llbep
rov
idedf
ori
nthedes
ign
andcons
truc
tion.

11.
3 Re
infor
cement

3.
11.1 Thecon
fidencel
eve
lfort
hes
treng
ths
tanda
rdva
lueo
fther
ein
for
cemen
tsha
llnotbel
ess
t
han95%.Thest
andardst
rengt
hva lueofther
egul
arrei
nforcementisde
termineda
cco rd
ingtothe
i
yel
dstr
eng
t ,
h expr
essed wi
thfyk andsha
llbeadopt
ed wit
hr efe
renceto Tabl ;
e39 t hestanda
rd
st
rengt
hva l
ueofthep
re-
str
essedstee
lstrand,st
eelwire,heat-
tamperedbarandtwistedst
eelis
dete
rminedacco
rdi
ngt
otheult
imat
et ens
ilestr
engt ,
h exp
ressedbyfptkandadop
ted wi
thref
erence
t
oTab
le40.

Tab
le39 Standa
rdst
rengthva
lueofther
egu
larr
einfor
cement Un
it:N/mm2

Va
rie
ty Symbo
l d (mm) fyk

HPB235 (
Q235) Ф 8~20 235

HRB335 ( i)
20MnS B 6~50 335
Ho
t-r
oll
eds
tee
lba
r
HRB400 (
20MnS
iV,20MnS
iNb,20MnT
i) C 6~50 400

RRB400 ( i)
K20MnS CR 8~40 400

NOTE1 Thed
iame
terd o
ftheho
t-r
oll
eds
tee
lba
rre
fer
stot
henomi
nald
iame
ter;
NOTE2 Whent
hed
iame
tero
fther
ein
for
cemen
tismo
r han40mm,r
et eli
abl
eeng
inee
ringp
rac
ticei
stobeadop
ted.

212
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

Tab
le40 Standa
rdst
rengthva
lueofthepr
e-st
ressedr
einfor t:N/mm2
cement Uni

Nomi
nald
iame
terd
Va
rie
ty Symbo
l fptk
(
mm)

5,
5.8 1570,
1720,
1860,
1960

1×2 8,
10 1470,
1570,
1720,
1860,
1960

12 1470,
1570,
1720,
1860

2,
6. 6.
5 1570,
1720,
1860,
1960

8.
6 1470,
1570,
1720,
1860,
1960
1×3
8.
74 1570,
1670,
1860

8,
10. 12.
9 1470,
1570,
1720,
1860,
1960
St
eel
1×3
I φ
S
8.
74 1570,
1670,
1860
s
trand
5,
9. 1,
11. 12.
7 1720,
1860,
1960

15.
2 1470,
1570,
1670,
1720,
1860,
1960
1×7
15.
7 1770,
1860

17.
8 1720,
1860

12.
7 1860

(
1×7)
C 15.
2 1820

18.
0 1720

4,4.
8,5 1470,1570,1670,1770,1860
P
lai
nst
eel
wi
re φ
P 6,6.
25,7 1470,1570,1670,1770
St
res
s He
lica
lri
b 8,9 1470,1570
H
φ
r
eli
eved s
tee
lwi
re
10,12 1470
s
tee
lwi
re
I
nden
ted ≤5 1470,1570,1670,1770,1860
I
φ
wi
re >5 1470,1570,1670,1770

Hea
t 40S
i2Mn 6

t
empe
red 48S
i2Mn φ
HT
8.
2 1470
ba
r 45S
i2Cr 10

PSB785 980

Twi
sted PSB830 1030
φ
PS
18,25,32,36,40
s
tee
l PSB930 1080

PSB1080 1230

NOTE1 D
iame
terd o
fthes
tee
lst
randr
efe
rst
othec
ircums
cri
bedc
irc
led
iame
tero
fthes
tee
lst
rand,
i.e.
thenomi
-
na
ldi
ame
terDn;t
hed
iame
terd o
fthes
tee
lwi
re,hea
t-t
empe
redba
randtwi
steds
tee
lre
fer
stot
henomi
-
na
ldi
ame
ter;
NOTE2 1×3
Ire
fer
stot
hes
tee
lst
randl
aidwi
tht
hreei
nden
tedwi
res;(
1×7)
Cre
fer
stot
hes
tee
lst
randl
aidwi
th
sevenwi
resandsub
jec
ttod
ie-d
r ng.
awi

213
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

3.
11. 2 Tens
iles
trengt
hdesignva
luefyandthecompr
ess
ivest
rengthdesignva
luef'yoft
heregul
ar
re
inf
orcemen
tshallbeadop
tedwithre
ferencet
oTabe41;t
l hetens
ilestr
engthdesi
gnva uefpyand
l
compress
ivestr
eng
thdes
ignvaluef'
pyoft
hepre
-stressedrein
for
cementsha
llbeadop
tedwithr
efer-
encet
oTab le42.Whenrei
nfo
rcemen t
sofdi
fferen
tva r
iet
iesareusedinthestr
uctur
almembes,
r
eachva
rie
tyofr
ein
for
cemen
tsha
llemp
loyi
tsowns
treng
thdes
ignva
lue.

Tab
le41 Des
ignst
rengthva
luesofther
egu
larr
einfo
rcement Un
it:N/mm2

Va
rie
ty Symbo
l fy f'
py

HPB235(
Q235) φ 210 210

Ho
t-r
oll
ed HRB335( i)
20MnS B 300 300
s
tee
lba
r HRB400(
20MnS
iV,20MnS
iNb,20MnT
i) C 360 360

RRB400( i)
K20MnS CR 360 360

NOTE I
nther
ein
for
cedconc
ret
est
ruc
tue,whent
r het
ens
iles
treng
th(
des
ignva
lue)o
fther
ein
for
cemen
tfo
rthe
ax
ialt
ens
ionandt
hesma
lleccen
tri
ctens
ionmembe
rsi
smo
r han300N/mm2 ,t
et heva
l f300N/mm2sha
ueo ll
beadop
tednone
the
l s.
es

Tab
le42 Des
ignst
rengthva
luesofthepr
e-st
ressedr
einfo
r t:N/mm2
cement Uni

Va
rie
ty Symbo
l fptk fpy f'
py

1470 1040

1570 1110

1×2 1670 1180

1×3
1720 1220
St
eels
trand 1×3
I φ
S
390
1770 1250
1×7
(
1×7)C 1820 1290

1860 1320

1960 1380

1470 1040
P
lai
nst
eelwi
re P 1570 1110
φ
St
res
sre
lieved He
lica
lri
bst
eel
φ
H
1670 1180 410
s
tee
lwi
re wi
re I
φ 1770 1250
I
nden
tedwi
re
1860 1320

40S
i2Mn
Hea
t-t
empe
ring
48S
i2Mn φ
HT
1470 1040 400
ba
r
45S
i2Cr

PSB785 980 650

PSB830 1030 685

Twi
steds
tee
l φ
PS
400
PSB930 1080 720

PSB1080 1230 820

214
 SHP/TG 002
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2019

3.
11.3 Thee
las
tic
ity modu
lusEs o
fther
ein
for
cemen
tmaybeadop
tedwi
thr
efe
rencet
oTab
le43.

Tab
le43 E
last
ici
ty modu
lusEs ofther
einfor
cement Un
it:N/mm2

Va
rie
tyo
fre
inf
orcemen
t Es

HPB235
-gr
ader
ein
for
cemen
t 2.
1×105

HRB335-
grader
ein
for t,HRB400
cemen -gr
ader
ein
for
cemen
tand
2.
0×105
RRB400
-gr
ader
ein
for
cemen
t

St
res
sre
lieveds
tee
lwi
re(
pla
ins
tee
lwi
re,he
lica
lri
bst
eelwi
reandi
nden
tedwi
re) 2.
05×105

St
eels
trand 1.
95×105

Hea
t-t
empe
ringba
randtwi
steds
tee
l 2.
0×105

NOTE Themea
sur
ede
las
tic
ity modu
lusmaybeusedf
ort
hes
tee
lst
randwhenneces
say.
r

215
SHP/TG 002
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2019

Append
ixA
(
Normative)
Ca
lcu
lat
ionofthe waver
un-
up

A.
1 Bas
ice
lementsfo
rwi
nd waveca
lcu
lat
ion

A.1.1 Annua
lmax ndspeed.
imum wi I
tref
erstotheannualmaximum va
lueoftheaver
age wind
speedfo
r10mi nu
tesatthehei
ghtof10 mabovet
he watersu
rface;t
he windspeeda
ttheheight
Z(m)abovethewat
ersurf
aceshal
lbemul
til
piedbyt
hecorrec
tionf
acorKzi
t nTab
leA. 1befo
reuse.
I
ftheda
tafromtheonshor
eobservat
ions
tat
ionisused,i
tshallbecor
rec
tedtothe windspeedat
theheight10 m abovetherese
rvoirwate
rsur
face wi
thre
fer
encetothere
levantda
ta.
Iftheob-
served windspeeddat
aisunavai
lab
le,t
hewindspeedmaybeest
ima
tedaccor
dingtot
hewindfo
rce
whi
choccur
redi
nt hi
sr egi
onwithre
fer
encetotheBeau
f o
rtsca
leforwaveca
lcu
laton.
i I
nthecoasta
l
r
egion,t
hecond
iti
ont hatthef
loodl
evelandmaximum waveoccu
ratthesametimesha
llbecons
id-
e
red.

Tab
leA.
1 Co
rrect
ioncoef
fic
ientofthe wi
ndspeedhe
ight

He
i tZ (
gh m) 2 5 10 15 20

Co
rrec
tion
1.
25 1.
10 1.
00 0.
96 0.
90
Coe
ffi
ci tKz
en

1.
A.2 Thef
etchl
eng
th(
eff
ect
ivef
etch)sha
llbede
termi
nedaccor
dingt
othef
oll
owi
ngcond
itons.
i

a) Whent
hewa
tera
reaonbot
hsi
desoft
hewi
ndd
irec
tioni
sre
lat
ive
l de,t
y wi hel
inea
rdi
stance
f
romt
heca
lcu
lat
ionpo
intt
otheo
the
rsdemaybeused.
i

b) Whenthe
rei
slocalna
rrowingalongt
hewinddi
rect
ionandt
hewid
t hofthenarr
owingpo
intbis
lesst
han12timesthecal
culat
ed wavel
engt ,
h theleng
thoft
he windzone maybedef
inedas
imesb,anda
5t tthes ime,
amet iti
sno
tles
sthant
hes
tra
igh
t-l
ined
ist
ancef
romt
heca
lcu
lat
ed
po
intt
othena
rrowi
ngpo
int.

c) Whenthewaterar
eaonbot
hsidesofthewinddirect
ionisnarr
owortheshapeofthewaterar
-
eai
sir
regu
la ,
r orthe
rei
sabar
rierl
ikeani
sl ,
and thepri
ncipa
lraymayi
nter
sectwit
ht hebound
-
a
ryoft
he wa
tera
reaaga
ins
tthe wi
ndf
rom t
heca
lcu
lat
ion po
int,t
henseve
ralr
ayssha
llbe
madeatanin
ter
valof7.5°onbothsi
deso
fthep r
inc
ipalr
ayandr espec
tive
lyint
e rsec
twi t
hthe
bounda
ryofthe seawa
ter.As showninFigu
re A. 1, D0 r
efe
r stot he d
istance fr
om the
calcu
lat
ionpoi
nttotheothe
rs idea
longthedi
rec
tionofthepri
nc i
pa ay,Dir
lr efer
st othedi
s-
tancefromtheca
lcu
lat
ionpoin
tt ot
heo t
hers
idealongt
hedir
ectionofrayi;αir
eferstothei
n-
ter
sec
tionang
lebetweenrayiandpr
inc
ipa
lray,ai=7.i(
5 usua
llyi=±1,±2,±3,±4s,±5
and±6); i
fas nga0 =0,t
sumi heequ
iva
len
tfetchl
eng
thD maybecalcu
lat
edi
naccor
dancewi
th
216
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

t
heFo
rmu
la(
A.1).

∑iDi cos ai (
2

D= i=0、±1、±2、±3、±4、±5、±6) …………(A.
1)
∑icosai

Key
1 p
reva
il
ing wi
ndd
irec
tion

F
igur
eA.
1 Ca
lcu
lat
ionschemat
icd
iagr
amofequ
iva
lentfetch

A.1.
3 Ave r
agedepthoftheseaareai
nthef
etch.Theaveragedepthshoul
dbeob t
ainedacco
rding
t
ot het
err
ainpro
fil
ep r
epa
r eda
longthewi
nddir
ect
i ;
on thecalcu
lat
edwa t
erleve
lshal
lbeconsis
tent
wi
tht
hes
tat
icwa
terl
eve
lunde
rthecor
respond
ingdes
igncond
itons.
i

A.
2 Ca
lcu
lat
ionofthe wavepa
ramete
rs

2.
A.1 Thedes
ign wi
ndspeedf
orwaveca
lcu
lat
ionsha
llbebasedont
hel
oca
lmeasu
red max
imum
wi
ndspeedda
taove
rtheyea
rsandsha
llbeasf
olows.
l

a) Unde
rno
rma
lope
rat
ingcond
iton(
i norma
lwa
terl l),t
eve hedes
ignwi
ndspeedsha
llbe1.
5times
t
heannua
lave
ragemax ndspeed.
imum wi

b) Unde
rabno
rma
lope
rat
ioncond
itons(
i checkwa
terl l),t
eve hedes
ignwi
ndspeedsha
llbet
hean
-
nua
lave
ragemax ndspeed.
imum wi

2.
A.2 Accor
dingt
othespec
ifi
ccond
iti
onso
fthep
roposedr
ese
rvo
ir,t
hewavepa
rame
ter
ssha
llbe
ca
lcu
lat
eda
cco
rdi
ngt
othef
oll
owi
ngt
hreecond
itons.
i

a) Thewavepa
r ame
teroftherese
rvoi
rint
hep
lai
nandcoas
talr
egi
onshou
ldbeca
lcu
lat
edaccor
d-
i
ngtotheFormul
as(A.2)and ( 3).
A.

ghm ægHm ö 0.
7
0.0018(gD/v20)
0.
45

2)
é ù
v0
13
2 =0. t
hêê0.
ë
7ç 2 ÷ úút
è v0 ø û {
h
0.
13t
h[0.7 (gHm/v0 ) 7 ]
2 0. } …………(A.

217
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

gTm æghm ö 0.
5

=13.
9ç 2 ÷ 3)
…………………………(A.
v0 è v0 ø

whe
re

hm i
sthemeanwavehe
i t,i
gh nm;

Tm i
sthemeanwavepe
riod,i
ns;

v0 i
stheca
lcu
lat ndspeed,i
edwi nm/s;

D i
sthef
etchl
eng
th,i
nm;

Hm i
sthemeanwa
terdep
thoft
hewa
tera
rea,i
nm;

G i
stheg
rav
itya
cce
ler
aton,t
i a 81m/s2 .
ke9.

b) Thewavepa
rame
teroft
her
ese
rvo
irsi
ntheh
il
lyandp
lai
nar
eashou
ldbeca
lcu
lat
edaccor
dingt
o
t
heFo
rmu
las(
A.4)and (
A.5)(
app
lyt
oadeepr
ese
rvo
ir,v0 <26. 5km).
5 m/sandD <7.

gh2% /6 gD 1/3

00625v1
=0. 0
{ } 4)
……………………(A.
v0
2
v2
0

gLm ægD ö 1 2
/

0386 ç 2 ÷
2 =0. 5)
…………………………(A.
v0 èv0 ø

whe
re

h2% i
sthewavehe
igh
twi
thacumu
lat
ivef
requencyof2% ,i
nm;

Lm i
sthemeanwavel
eng
th,i
nm.

c) Thewavepa
rame
ter
soft
her
ese
rvo
iri
nin
landgor
geshou
ldbeca
lcu
lat
eda
ccor
dingt
otheFor
-
mu
las(
A.6)and (
A.7)(
app
l ov0 <20m/sandD <20km).
yt

gh ægD ö 1 3
/

0076v0-1 12 ç 2 ÷ 6)
……………………(A.
/
2 =0.
v0 èv0 ø

gLm / 15 ægD ö÷ 1 3.
/
75

331v0-1 2.
2 =0.
ç 7)
……………………(A.
v0 èv0 ø
2

218
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

whe
re

h i
sthewavehe
i th5% a
gh tacumu
lat
ivefrequencyof5% whengD/v2
0 =20to250;
i
sthewavehe
i th10% a
gh tacumula
tivef
r f10% whengD/v0 =250t
equencyo 2
o1000.

2.
A.3 Ther
ela
tionsh
ipbe
tweenwavehe
i thPa
gh tthecumu
lat
ivef
requencyofP(% )andt
hemean
we
igh
the
igh
tmaybeconve
rtedwi
thr
efe
rencet
oTab
l 2.
eA.

Tab
leA.
2 Rat
iobetween wavehe
ighthP andthemean wavehe
ightatthecumu
lat
ive
f
requencyofP(% )

H/d P(% ) 0.
1 1 2 3 4 5 10 13 20 50

0.
0 2.
97 2.
42 2.
23 2.
11 2.
02 1.
95 1.
71 1.
61 1.
43 0.
94

0.
1 2.
70 2.
26 2.
09 2.
00 1.
92 1.
86 1.
65 1.
56 1.
41 0.
96

0.
2 2.
46 2.
09 1.
96 1.
88 1.
81 1.
76 1.
59 1.
51 1.
37 0.
98
HP/H
0.
3 2.
23 1.
93 1.
82 1.
76 1.
70 1.
66 1.
52 1.
45 1.
34 1.
00

0.
4 2.
01 1.
78 1.
69 1.
64 1.
60 1.
56 1.
44 1.
39 1.
30 1.
01

0.
5 1.
80 1.
63 1.
56 1.
52 1.
49 1.
46 1.
37 1.
33 1.
25 1.
01

A.2.
4 Themeanwavel
eng
thLm andt
hemeanwavepe
riodTm maybeconve
rteda
ccor
dingt
othe
Formu
la( 8).
A.

gT2m 2πH
Lm = t
h 8)
……………………(A.
2π Lm

2.
A.5 Thea
lti
tudeo
fthewi
ndbanked
-uphz maybeconve
rtedaccor
dingt
otheFormu
la(
A.9).

kv2
0D
hz = cosβ 9)
…………………………(A.
2gHm

whe
re

k i
sthecomp
rehens
ivecoe
ffi
cien
tforf
ric
tionr
esi
stance,use3.
6E-6 ;

β isthei
ntersec
tionbe
tweent
heca
lcu
lat
ionwi
ndd
irec
tionandt
hel
inet
hati
spe
rpend
icu
lart
othe
damaxi ,
sin°.()

A.
3 Ca
lcu
lat
ionofthe waver
un-
up

3.
A. 1 Thedesi
gnwaverun-upoftheea
rthandrock
fildam (
l rock
fildam)emp
l loysther
un-
upval
ue
R5% a
tthecumu
lat
ivef
requencyof5%.Wi t
hregardtothedam withadam he
i gh
tover30 m,t
he
r
un-
upva
lueR1% a
tthecumu
lat
ivef
requencyof1% sha
llbeused.
219
SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

3.
A.2 Unde
rthed
irec
tac
tiono
ft nd,t
hewi her
un-
upo
fthef
orwa
rdwaveont
hes
ing
les
lopemay
bede
termi
nedwi
tht
hef
oll
owi
ng me
thod.

a) When m =1.
5t 0,
o5.

KΔKVKF
RF = HL 10 )
…………………………(A.
1+ m2

whe
re

RF i
sthewaver
un-
upa
tcumu
lat
ivef
requencyF,i
nm;

KΔ i
stheroughnessfac
torpermeabi
li
tycoef
fi
cien
to ft
hes ope,t
l obeval
uedinaccor
dancewit
h
t
hetypeof sur
faceprot
ect
ion.1.
0 forb
ituminousconc
rete,0.
9forconc
ret
e ,0.
75to0.8for
ma
son
ryand0.
85t
o0.
9fort
urf;

KV i
stheemp
iri
calcoe
ffi
ci t;t
en obeva
luedi
nacco
rdancewi
thTab
l 3;
eA.

KF i
st heconve
rsi
onr
ati
ofort
her
un-
upcumu
lat
iver
ato,t
i obeva
luedi
naccor
dancewi
thTa
-
bl
eA. 4;

m i
sthes
loper
ato;
i

H i
sthemeanwavehe
igh
toft
hewavei
nfr
ontoft evee,i
hel nm;

L i
sthemeanwavel
eng
thoft
hewavei
nfr
ontoft evee,i
hel nm.

Tab
leA.
3 Emp
iri
calcoef
fic
ientKV

V
≤1 1.
5 2.
0 2.
5 3.
0 3.
5 4.
0 ≥5.
0
gd

KV 1.
00 1.
02 1.
08 1.
16 1.
22 1.
25 1.
28 1.
30

Tab
leA.
4 Conver
sionr
ati
oofthecumu
lat
ivef
requencyofther
unupKF
-

H
F(% ) 0.
1 1 2 3 4 5 10 13 20 50
d

<0.
1 2.
66 2.
23 2.
07 1.
97 1.
90 1.
84 1.
64 1.
54 1.
39 0.
96
RF
0.
1~0.
3 2.
44 2.
08 1.
94 1.
86 1.
80 1.
75 1.
57 1.
48 1.
36 0.
97
R
>0.
3 2.
13 1.
86 1.
76 1.
70 1.
65 1.
61 1.
48 1.
40 1.
31 0.
99

RF
Note:R—meanr
unup,KF =
R
220
 SHP/TG 002
-5:
2019

b) Whenm≤1.
25,

RF =KΔKVKFR0H 11 )
…………………………(A.

whe
re

R0 i
sther
ela
tiver
un-
upva
lueoft
hesmoot
hsope (
l KΔ =1)wi
thou nd,t
twi obede
termi
ned
acco
rdi
ngt
oTab
l 5.
eA.

Tab
leA.
5 Va
lueR0

m =co
tα 0.
00 0.
50 1.
00 1.
25

R0 1.
24 1.
45 2.
20 2.
50

c) When1. 5,t
25<m <1. heca
lcu
lat
edva
l fm =1.
ueso 5and m =1.
25maybede
termi
nedbyi
nte
r-
po
lat
ion.

221