CORRECTIONAL

In criminal justice, particularly in North America, correction, corrections,

and correctional, are umbrella terms describing a variety of functions typically carried out
by government agencies, and involving the punishment, treatment, and supervision of persons
who have been convicted of crimes. These functions commonly include imprisonment, parole,
and probation. A typical correctional institution is a prison. A correctional system, also known
as a penal system, thus refers to a network of agencies that administer a jurisdiction's prisons, and
community-based programs like parole, and probation boards. This system is part of the
larger criminal justice system, which additionally includes police, prosecution and courts.
Jurisdictions throughout Canada and the US have ministries or departments, respectively, of
corrections, correctional services, or similarly-named agencies.
"Corrections" is also the name of a field of academic study concerned with the theories,
policies, and programs pertaining to the practice of corrections. Its object of study includes
personnel training and management as well as the experiences of those on the other side of the
fence — the unwilling subjects of the correctional process. Stohr and colleagues (2008) write
that "Earlier scholars were more honest, calling what we now call corrections by the
name penology, which means the study of punishment for crime."

HISTORY
Spanish colonial era
The Old Bilibid Prison which was located on Oroquieta Street in Manila was established in 1847
and by Royal Decree formally opened on April 10, 1866. On August 21, 1870 the San Ramon
Prison and Penal Farm was established in Zamboanga City for Muslim and political prisoners
opposed to the rule of Spain
American colonial era
The Iuhit penal Settlement now known as Iwahig Prison and Penal Farm was established in 1904
by the Americans in 28,072 hectares of land. The land areas expanded to 40,000 hectares in the
late 1950s.and expanded again to 41,007 hectares by virtue of Executive Order No. 67 issued by
Governor Newton Gilbert on October 15, 1912.
The Bureau of Prisons was created under the Reorganization Act of 1905 as an agency under the
Department of Commerce and Police. The Reorganization Act also re-established the San Ramon
Prison in 1907 which was destroyed during the Spanish – American War in 1898. The prison was
placed under the Bureau of Prisons and receive prisoners in Mindanao.
The Correctional Institution for Women was founded on November 27, 1929 by virtue of Act
No. 3579 as the first and only prison for women in the Philippines.[5] Later, on January 21, 1932,
the bureau opened the Davao Penal Colony in Southern Mindanao.[5]
The New Bilibid Prison was established in 1935 in Muntinlupa due to the increased rate of
prisoners.
Contemporary era
Proclamation No. 72 issued on September 26, 1954, established the Sablayan Prison and Penal
Farm in Occidental Mindoro , and the Leyte Regional Prison was established on January 16,
1973, under Proclamation No. 1101.
The Administrative Code of 1987 and Proclamation No. 495, issued on November 22, 1989,
changed the agency's name to the current Bureau of Corrections from Bureau of Prisons.