NUTRITION AND DIET THERAPY

MACROMINERALS SOURCES DEFICIENCY TOXICITY FUNCTIONS WATER-SOLUBLE VITAMINS SOURCES DEFICIENCY TOXICITY FUNCTIONS
Calcium (Metabolic Milk Osteoporosis Kidney stones Needed for bone + Vitamin C (Ascorbic acid) Citrus fruits Scurvy An anti-oxidant that protects us
twin of Calcium) teeth formation against infection
Vitamin B1 (Thiamin) Liver Beri-beri Needed for C,P,F metabolism
Phosphorus Milk Osteoporosis Hyperphosphatemia Needed for stronger
Vitamin B2 Milk/liver Ariboflavinosis Needed for energy production
bones + teeth
(Riboflavin)
Niacin Liver Pellagra Needed for C,P,F metabolism
Potassium Fruits Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia Regulates normal
(Nicotinic Acid)
heart rhythm
Folate (Folic Acid) Liver Megaloblastic Necessary for the regeneration
Sodium Milk Hyponatremia Hypernatremia Regulate osmotic
anemia of RBC
(dehydration) pressure + water
balance Vitamin B6 (Pyridoxine) Liver Needed for C,P,F metabolism
Pantothenic acid Milk/liver Needed for C,P,F metabolism
Magnesium Nuts Hypomagnesemic tetany Hypermagnesemia Builds + maintains
bones + teeth Biotin (Micronutrients) Milk/liver Needed for C,P,F metabolism
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin) Milk/liver Pernicious Needed for normal development
Sulfur Milk Cystinuria (cysteine form Cysteine kidney Needed for energy anemia + maturation of RBC
in the kidney, ureter, and stone metabolism
bladder)
Chlorine Milk Alkalosis Regulates osmotic
pressure + water
balance

MICROMINERALS SOURCES DEFICIENCY TOXICITY FUNCTIONS

Iron Liver Anemia Hemochromatosis Needed for hemoglobin
formation
Iodine Seafoods IDD Needed in the synthesis of
thyroxine
Zinc Liver Impaired growth Promotes wound healing
Cobalt Liver Pernicious anemia Polycythemia Essential for maturation of
RBC + normal functioning of
all cells
Copper Liver anemia Wilson’s disease Promotes maturation of RBC
Manganese Nuts Parkinson like Needed for C,P,F metabolism
symptom
Molybdenum Liver An integral part of various
enzymes
Fluorine Water Dental caries Dental fluorosis Prevents dental caries
Chromium Corn oil Needed for C,P,F metabolism
Selenium Cereals An anti-oxidant

FAT-SOLUBLE SOURCES DEFICIENCY TOXICITY FUNCTIONS

VITAMINS
Vitamin A (Retinol) Liver/Milk Xerophthalmia Hypervitaminosis A Needed for normal
vision
Vitamin D Milk Osteomalacia Hypervitaminosis D Promotes normal
(Ergocalciferol) bone + teeth
Vitamin E Oil RBC Hemolysis An anti-oxidant
(Tocopherol)
Vitamin K Liver Hemorrhagic Disease in Hemolytic Anemia Needed for normal
New born blood clotting