Exp No.

4 SALT NUMBER: 4
XX – 09 -2022

Analysis of anions

Preliminary tests

Experiment Observation Inference

Dil. Sulphuric acid test.
Dilute sulphuric acid is added to the salt. No brisk effervescence of colourless, Absence of carbonate
odourless gas.
The above solution is heated and the
evolved vapour is smelled. Evolution of gas with vinegar smell. Acetate may be present.

Conc. Sulphuric acid test.

The salt is heated with concentrated No evolution of colourless pungent Absence of chloride.
sulphuric acid. smelling gas.
A paper ball is added to the above
solution and heated. No evolution of dense brown gas. Absence of nitrate

Barium chloride test.

The salt is acidified with dilute No white precipitate Absence of sulphate
hydrochloric acid and barium chloride
solution is added.
 Ammonium molybdate test.
The salt is acidified with No canary yellow precipitate. Absence of phosphate.
concentrated nitric acid and
excess of ammonium molybdate
solution is added.

Confirmatory tests for Acetate.

Experiment Observation Inference

Ester test
The salt is mixed with ethanol and Pleasant fruity smell. Presence of acetate is confirmed
two drops of concentrated
sulphuric acid. The mixture is
heated in a water bath. The
contents are poured into water
taken in a small vessel.
𝑯!
𝑪𝑯𝟑 𝑪𝑶𝑶" + 𝑪𝟐 𝑯𝟓 𝑶𝑯 &' 𝑪𝑯𝟑 𝑪𝑶𝑶𝑪𝟐 𝑯𝟓 + 𝑯𝟐 𝑶

Neutral Ferric chloride test.

Neutral Ferric chloride solution is Reddish brown precipitate. Presence of acetate is confirmed.
added to the salt.

6 CH3COO– + 3Fe3+ + 2H2O →[Fe3(OH)2 (CH3COO)6]+ + 2H+

Analysis of cations

Preliminary tests

Sodium hydroxide solution is added to the salt and heated No evolution of ammonia Absence of NH4+
gas

Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to the salt. White precipitate Presence of Pb2+

Dilute hydrochloric acid and Hydrogen sulphide are added to the No black precipitate Absence of Cu2+
salt.

Dilute hydrochloric acid, solid ammonium chloride and ammonium No gelatinous white Absence of Al3+
hydroxide solution are added to the salt. precipitate

Dilute hydrochloric acid, solid ammonium chloride, ammonium No dirty white precipitate Absence of Zn2+
hydroxide solution and Hydrogen sulphide are added to the salt.

Dilute hydrochloric acid, solid ammonium chloride, No white precipitate Absence of Ba2+, Sr2+ and
ammonium hydroxide solution and ammonium carbonate solution Ca2+
are added to the salt.

Dilute hydrochloric acid, solid ammonium chloride, No white precipitate Absence of Mg2+
ammonium hydroxide solution and ammonium hydrogen
phosphate solution are added to the salt.
Confirmatory tests for Pb2+

The white precipitate is boiled with distilled water to get a clear solution.

Experiment Observation Inference

Dil.HCl test.
A little of the above solution is cooled White precipitate. Presence of 𝑷𝒃𝟐& is confirmed.
and dil.HCl is added.
𝑷𝒃𝟐& + 𝑯𝑪𝒍 → 𝑷𝒃𝑪𝒍𝟐 + 𝑯&
Potassium iodide test.
Potassium iodide solution is added to Yellow precipitate Presence of 𝑷𝒃𝟐& is confirmed.
one part of the solution.

𝑷𝒃𝟐& + 𝑲𝑰 → 𝑷𝒃𝑰𝟐 + 𝑲&

Potassium chromate test.

Potassium chromate solution is added Yellow precipitate. Presence of 𝑷𝒃𝟐& is confirmed.
to one part of the solution.

𝑷𝒃𝟐& + 𝑪𝒓𝑶𝟐"
𝟒 → 𝑷𝒃𝑪𝒓𝑶𝟒

Result
The anion present in the given salt is 𝑪𝑯𝟑 𝑪𝑶𝑶"
The cation present in the given salt is 𝑷𝒃𝟐&