Exp. No.

5
XX – 09 -2022
SALT NO. 5

Analysis of anions.

Preliminary tests.
Experiment Observation Inference
1. Dil. Sulphuric acid test.
a) Dilute sulphuric acid is added No brisk effervescence of colourless, Absence of carbonate
to the salt. odourless gas.
b) The above solution is heated
and the evolved vapour is No evolution of gas with vinegar smell. Absence of acetate.
smelled.
2. Conc. Sulphuric acid test.
a) The salt is heated with No characteristic changes. Absence of chloride, bromide and
concentrated sulphuric acid. iodide.
b) A paper ball is added to the
above solution and heated. No evolution of dense brown gas. Absence of nitrate

3. Barium chloride test.

The salt is acidified with dilute No white precipitate Absence of sulphate
hydrochloric acid and barium
chloride solution is added.
4. Ammonium molybdate test.
The salt is acidified with Canary yellow precipitate. Phosphate may be present
concentrated nitric acid and
excess of ammonium molybdate
solution is added.
Confirmatory tests for Phosphate.

Experiment Observation Inference

Ammonium molybdate test.
The salt is acidified with Concentrated Nitric Canary yellow Presence of Phosphate is confirmed.
acid, and ammonium molybdate solution is precipitate
added.

𝑷𝑶𝟑# $ 𝟐# $
𝟒 + 𝟑𝑵𝑯𝟒 + 𝟏𝟐𝑴𝒐𝑶𝟒 + 𝟐𝟒𝑯 → (𝑵𝑯𝟒 )𝟑 𝑷𝑶𝟒 . 𝟏𝟐𝑴𝒐𝑶𝟑 + 𝟏𝟐𝑯𝟐 𝑶
Silver nitrate test
The salt is acidified with acetic acid and silver Yellow precipitate Presence of Phosphate is confirmed.
nitrate solution is added.

𝑷𝑶𝟑# #
𝟒 + 𝑨𝒈𝑵𝑶𝟑 → 𝑨𝒈𝟑 𝑷𝑶𝟒 + 𝑵𝑶𝟑

Analysis of cations.

Preliminary test for ammonium.

Experiment Observation Inference

The salt is heated with sodium Evolution of ammonia gas. Ammonium may be present
hydroxide solution.
 Confirmatory tests for Ammonium ion (𝑵𝑯$
𝟒)

Experiment Observation Inference

Sodium hydroxide test Evolution of ammonia gas which gives Presence of 𝑵𝑯$
𝟒 is confirmed.
A little of the salt is heated with sodium dense white fumes with concentrated
hydroxide solution. A glass rod dipped hydrochloric acid.
in concentrated hydrochloric acid is
brought near the mouth of the test
tube.

𝑵𝑯$
𝟒 + 𝑵𝒂𝑶𝑯 → 𝑵𝑯𝟑 + 𝑯𝟐 𝑶 + 𝑵𝒂
$

𝑵𝑯𝟑 + 𝑯𝑪𝒍 → 𝑵𝑯𝟒 𝐶𝑙

Nessler’s reagent test. Reddish brown precipitate. Presence of 𝑵𝑯$

𝟒 is confirmed.
A little of the salt is heated with sodium
hydroxide solution
Nessler’s reagent is added to the
solution.

2K2[HgI4] +3KOH+NH3→ [OHg2.NH2] I+7KI+2H2O

Result
The anion present in the given salt is 𝑷𝑶𝟑#
𝟒
The cation present in the given salt is 𝑵𝑯𝟒 $