MEASURES OF

VARIABILITY
Objectives
At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:
⦿ define range, quartile deviation, mean absolute
deviation, standard deviation, and variance;
⦿ solve the range, quartile deviation, mean absolute
deviation, standard deviation, and variance of
grouped and ungrouped data;
⦿ use calculator to facilitate faster and easier
computations; and
⦿ develop self-confidence in solving problems by
personally engaging in computation process.
RANGE
- the difference between the largest and the lowest
values in the set of numerical data

QUARTILE DEVIATION /
SEMI-INTERQUARTILE RANGE
- half the difference between P75 and P25 in the
distribution

INTERQUARTILE RANGE
- the difference between P75 and P25 in the distribution
MEAN ABSOLUTE DEVIATION
- also called Average Deviation
- measures the absolute dispersion that is affected by
every individual score

STANDARD DEVIATION
- most important measure of variability
- involves all the individual values of the items rather
than through extreme scores

VARIANCE
- square of deviation from the mean
 Interpretation of Data
The lesser the value of the measure, the more
consistent, the more homogeneous and the less
scattered are the observations in the set of data.

If there is a large amount of variation, then on

average, the data values will be far from the
mean. Hence, SD will be large.

If there is only a small amount of variation, then on

average, the data values will be close to the
mean. Hence, SD will be small.
Ungrouped Data
Finding the RANGE

Personality Dev’t
Course Test R = Hs - Ls
34 = 49 - 19
49 = 30
23 Therefore, the range
of the scores of 5
20 students in
Personality Dev’t
19 Course Test is 30.
Ungrouped Data
Finding the RANGE
The following are the final grades of
10 NDMU students in Statistics:

1. 3, 1.3,
1.0, 2.5,1.5,
1.0,1.8,
2.0,1.9,
1.8,2.0,
1.9,2.1,
2.1,2.5,
2.7,2.7,
3.0,3.0
1.5

R = Hs - Ls Therefore, the range

of the final grades of
= 3.0 – 1.0 NDMU students in
Statistics is 2.
= 2
Ungrouped Data
Finding the QUARTILE
DEVIATION
Personality Dev’t
Course Test

34

49

23 QD = 7.5

20
Therefore, the quartile deviation of the
scores of 5 students in Personality Dev’t
19 Course Test is 7.5.
Ungrouped Data
Finding the QUARTILE
DEVIATION
The following are the final grades of
10 NDMU students in Statistics:

1. 0,
3, 2.5, 1.0, 1.8,
1.3, 1.5, 2.0,1.9,
1.8,2.0,
1.9, 2.1,
2.1, 2.5,
2.7, 2.7,
3.0,3.0
1.5

Therefore, the
quartile deviation of
QD = ½ or 0.5 the final grades of
NDMU students in
Statistics is 0.5.
Ungrouped Data
Finding the MEAN ABSOLUTE
DEVIATION
x -
|x – x|

34 5 -
X = 29
49 20
6 = 10
23

20 9

10 Therefore, the mean absolute deviation of

19 the scores of 5 students in Personality

n=5 - = 50
∑|x – x|
Dev’t Course Test is 10.
Ungrouped Data
Finding the MEAN ABSOLUTE
DEVIATION
The following are the final grades of
10 BSBA students in Statistics:

1. 3, 2.5, 1.0, 2.0, 1.8, 1.9, 2.1, 2.7, 3.0, 1.5

Therefore, the mean

MAD = absolute deviation of
the final grades of
0.48 BSBA students in
Statistics is 0.48.
Ungrouped Data
Finding the STANDARD
DEVIATION
Population:

34 5 25

49 20 400

23 -6 36 = 11.33

20 -9 81
Therefore, the population
19 -10 100 standard deviation of the scores
of 5 students in Personality
n=5 Dev’t Course Test is 11.33.
Ungrouped Data
Finding the STANDARD
Sample: DEVIATION

34 5 25

49 20 400

23 -6 36 = 12.67

20 -9 81
Therefore, the sample standard
19 -10 100 deviation of the scores of 5
students in Personality Dev’t
N=5 Course Test is 12.67.
Ungrouped Data
Finding the STANDARD
Sample and DEVIATION
Population:
The following are the final grades of
10 BSBA students in Statistics:

1. 3, 2.5, 1.0, 2.0, 1.8, 1.9, 2.1, 2.7, 3.0, 1.5

Therefore, the population and

sample standard deviations of
the final grades of BSBA
students in Statistics are 0.59
and 0.63 respectively .
Ungrouped Data
Finding the VARIANCE
Population:

34 5 25

49 20 400

23 -6 36 = 128.4

20 -9 81
Therefore, the population
19 -10 100 variance of the scores of 5
students in Personality Dev’t
n=5 Course Test is 128.4.
Ungrouped Data
Finding the VARIANCE
Sample:

34 5 25

49 20 400

23 -6 36 = 160.5

20 -9 81
Therefore, the sample
19 -10 100 variance of the scores of 5
students in Personality Dev’t
N=5 Course Test is 160.5.
Ungrouped Data
Finding the VARIANCE
Sample and
Population:
The following are the final grades of
10 BSBA students in Statistics:

1. 3, 2.5, 1.0, 2.0, 1.8, 1.9, 2.1, 2.7, 3.0, 1.5

Therefore, the population and

sample variances of the final
grades of BSBA students in
Statistics are 0.35 and 0.39
respectively.
Grouped Data
Finding the RANGE
Class Intervals Frequency
61 – 65 6
56 – 60 2
51 – 55 15
46 – 50 10
41 – 45 7

R = Hul - L ll
Therefore, the
R = 65 - 41 range is 24.
R = 24
Grouped Data
Finding the RANGE
Class Intervals Frequency
239 – 245 3
232 – 238 9
225 – 231 7
218 – 224 10
211 – 217 8
204 – 210 4
197 – 203 5
190 – 196 4

R = Hul - L ll
Therefore, the
R = 245 - 190 range is 55.
R = 55
Grouped Data
Finding the SEMI-INTERQUARTILE RANGE
Class
ClassIntervals
Intervals Frequency <cf
Frequency
6161
– 65
– 65 6 6 40 Q1 = n/4
56 – 60 2 34 = 40/4
56 – 60 2 = 10th
51 – 55 15 32
Q3 Class 51 – 55 15 Q3 = 3n/4
46 – 50 10 17 = 3(40)/4
Q1 Class
46 – 50 10 = 30th
41 – 45 7 7
41 – 45 7
n = 40

= 47 = 54.83333333 QD = 3.92
Therefore, the Semi-interquartile Range or Quartile Deviation is
3.92.
Grouped Data
Finding the SEMI-INTERQUARTILE
Class Intervals
Class
RANGE
Intervals Frequency
Frequency <cf
239 239
– 245
– 245 3 3 50
232 232
– 238
– 238 9 9 47 Q1 = n/4
225 225
– 231
– 231 7 7 38 = 50/4
Q3 Class = 12.5th
218 218
– 224
– 224 10 10 31
211 –211
217– 217 8 8 21 Q3 = 3n/4
= 3(50)/4
204 204
– 210
– 210 4 4 13 = 37.5th
Q1 Class 197 197
– 203 5 9
– 203 5
190 190
– 196
– 196 4 4 4
n = 50

= 209.625 = 231 QD = 10.69

Therefore, the Semi-interquartile Range or Quartile Deviation is 10.69.
Grouped Data
Finding the MEAN ABSOLUTE DEVIATION
Class
Intervals
Frequency Class Mark
Classf Intervals x -
|x-x|
Frequency -
f|x-x|

61 – 65 61
6 – 65 63 11.256 67.5
56 – 60 56
2 – 60 58 6.252 12.5
51 – 55 51 – 55
15 53 15
1.25 18.75
46 – 50 46 – 50
10 48 10
3.75 37.5
41 – 45 41
7 – 45 43 8.757 61.25
n = 40 -
-x = 51.75
-
= 4.94
Therefore, the Mean Absolute Deviation is 4.94.
Grouped Data
Finding the MEAN ABSOLUTE DEVIATION
Class
Class Intervals
Intervals Class
Frequency
f
Frequency
x
Mark -
|x-x| -
f|x-x|
239 – 245 3
239 – 245 232 – 3238 242 9 22.82 68.46
232 – 238 225 – 9231 235 7 15.82 142.38
225 – 231 8.82 61.74
218 – 7224 228 10
218 – 224 1.82 18.2
211 –10217 221 8
211 – 217 5.18 41.44
204 – 8210 214 4
204 – 210 12.18 48.72
197 – 4203 207 5
197 – 203 190 – 5196 200 4 19.18 95.9
190 – 196 4 193 26.18 104.72
n = 50 -
-x = 219.18
-
= 11.6312 or 11.63
Therefore, the Mean Absolute Deviation is 11.63.
Grouped Data
Finding the STANDARD DEVIATION
Class Frequency Class Mark
Class Intervals fxFrequency
Intervals f x
61 – 65 6 61 – 65 63 378 6 3969 23814
56 – 60 2 56 – 60 58 116 2 3364 6728
51 – 55 15 51 – 55 53 795 152809 42135
46 – 50 10 46 – 50 48 480 102304 23040
41 – 45 7 41 – 45 43 301 7 1849 12943
n = 40

= 6.28
Therefore, the Standard Deviation is 6.28.
Grouped Finding
Data the STANDARD
Class DEVIATION
Class Intervals
Frequency Class MarkFrequency
fx x² fx²
Intervals f239 – 245 x 3
239 – 245 3232 – 238 242 9726 58564 175692
232 – 238 9225 – 231 235 72115 55225 497025
225 – 231 7218 – 224 228 1596 51984 363888
10
218 – 224 10211 – 217 221 2210 48841 488410
8
45796 366368
211 – 217 8204 – 210 214 41712
204 – 210 4197 – 203 207 828 42849 171396
5
197 – 203 5190 – 196 200 41000 40000 200000
190 – 196 4 193 772 37249 148996
n = 50

= 14.13
Therefore, the Standard Deviation is 14.13.
Grouped Data
Finding the VARIANCE
Class Frequency Class Mark
Class Intervals fxFrequency
Intervals f x
61 – 65 6 61 – 65 63 378 6 3969 23814
56 – 60 2 56 – 60 58 116 2 3364 6728
51 – 55 15 51 – 55 53 795 152809 42135
46 – 50 10 46 – 50 48 480 102304 23040
41 – 45 7 41 – 45 43 301 7 1849 12943
N = 40

= 39.42
Therefore, the Variance is 39.42.
Grouped Data
Finding the VARIANCE
Class Class Intervals
Frequency Class MarkFrequency
fx x² fx²
Intervals f239 – 245 x 3
239 – 245 3232 – 238 242 9726 58564 175692
232 – 238 9225 – 231 235 72115 55225 497025
225 – 231 7218 – 224 228 1596 51984 363888
10
218 – 224 10211 – 217 221 2210 48841 488410
8
45796 366368
211 – 217 8204 – 210 214 41712
204 – 210 4197 – 203 207 828 42849 171396
5
197 – 203 5190 – 196 200 41000 40000 200000
190 – 196 4 193 772 37249 148996
N = 50

= 199.62
Therefore, the Variance is 199.62.
SEATWORK:

Find the range, quartile deviation, mean absolute

deviation, standard deviation, and variance of the
following grouped data:

Class Intervals Frequency Class Intervals Frequency

91.6 – 95.6 3 700 – 711 5

712 – 723 7
86.5 – 90.5 5
724 – 735 9
81.4 – 85.4 13
736 – 747 14
76.3 – 80.3 11
748 – 759 10
71.2 – 75.2 8 760 – 771 5
66.1 – 70.1 10 772 – 783 5