‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ‪ :‬رﺿﺎ ﺑﻬﺮاﻣﯽ راد ‪bahramirad_reza@yahoo.

com‬‬

‫ﻓﺼﻞ اول‬

‫آﻣﻮزش ﺗﻠﻔﻆ در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ‬

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 ‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ‪ :‬رﺿﺎ ﺑﻬﺮاﻣﯽ راد ‪bahramirad_reza@yahoo.com‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺒﺎي اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ )‪(English Alphabet‬‬

‫اﻟﻔﺒﺎي اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ داراي ‪ 26‬ﺣﺮف اﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺷﺎﻣﻞ ﺣﺮوف ﮐﻮﭼﮏ و ﺑﺰرگ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺴﯿﺎري‬
‫از اﯾﻦ ﺣﺮوف در اﮐﺜﺮ زﺑﺎن ﻫﺎ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﺮاﻧﺴﻮي‪ ،‬آﻟﻤﺎﻧﯽ‪ ،‬اﺳﭙﺎﻧﯿﺎﯾﯽ و ‪ ...‬ﻣﺸﺘﺮك ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﺣﺮوف ﺑﺰرگ )‪ (Capital Letters‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﯾﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫–‪A–B–C–D–E–F–G–H–K–L–M–N–O–P–Q–R–S–T‬‬
‫‪U–V–W–X–Y–Z‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺣﺮوف ﮐﻮﭼﮏ )‪ (Small Letters‬ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﯾﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫–‪a–b–c–d–e–f–g–h–l–k–m–n–o–p–q–r–s–t–u–v–w‬‬
‫‪x–y–z‬‬
‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ!‬
‫از ﻣﯿﺎن اﯾﻦ ‪ 26‬ﺣﺮف‪ 5 ،‬ﺣﺮف )‪ (A – E – I – O – U‬ﺻﺪا دار‪ ،‬دو ﺣﺮف )‪ (W – Y‬ﻧﯿﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺻﺪا دار‪ ،‬و ﺑﻘﯿﻪ ﺣﺮوف ﺑﯽ ﺻﺪا ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺣﺮوف ﺑﯽ ﺻﺪا )‪ (Consonant‬و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺻﺪا دار )‪(Half Vowel‬‬

‫ﺣﺮوف ﺑﯽ ﺻﺪا و ﻧﯿﻤﻪ ﺻﺪا دار ﻋﺒﺎﺗﻨﺪ از ‪:‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ B‬ﺻﺪاي )ب( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Book :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ C‬ﭘﯿﺶ از ‪ i, e, y‬ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﺻﺪاي )س( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Pencil – Bicycle – Face :‬‬
‫وﻟﯽ درﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﻮارد ﺻﺪاي ‪) k‬ك( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Car :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ D‬ﺻﺪاي )د( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Desk – Door :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ F‬ﺻﺪاي )ف( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Fan – Fish :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ G‬ﭘﯿﺶ از ‪ i, e, y‬ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺻﺪاي )ج( ودر ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻣﻮارد ﺻﺪاي )گ( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪Glass :‬‬
‫‪.Clergyman - Orange - Bag - Dog -‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ H‬ﺻﺪاي )ﻫـ ﯾﺎ ح( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Hat – Hen – Hand :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ K‬ﺻﺪاي )ك( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Book – Make :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ L‬ﺻﺪاي )ل( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Table – Bell – Look :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ M‬ﺻﺪاي )م( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Am – Morning – Man :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ N‬ﺻﺪاي )ن( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Fan – Neck – Hand :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ P‬ﺻﺪاي )پ( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Map – Pen – Apple :‬‬

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‫ﺣﺮف ‪ Q‬ﺻﺪاي )ك( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ وﻟﯽ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﺑﺎ )‪ (u‬ﻫﻤﺮاه اﺳﺖ و ﺻﺪاي )ﮐﻮ – ‪ (kw‬ﻣﯽ‬
‫دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Quick – Question :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ R‬ﺻﺪاي )ر( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Ruler – Four – Red :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ S‬ﻏﺎﻟﺒﺎً ﺻﺪاي )س( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ و ﭼﻨﺎﻧﮑﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ دو ﺣﺮف ﺻﺪا دار واﻗﻊ ﺷﻮد ﺻﺪاي )ز‬
‫– ‪ (z‬ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Desk – Sir – Nose‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ T‬ﺻﺪاي )ت( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Table – But – Sister :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ V‬ﺻﺪاي )و( ﺑﺎ ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﻓﺎرﺳﯽ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪ ،‬ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻗﺮار دادن دﻧﺪان ﻫﺎي ﺟﻠﻮي‬
‫ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮ روي ﻟﺐ ﭘﺎﺋﯿﻦ ﺗﻮﻟﯿﺪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Twelve – Very :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ W‬ﺻﺪاي )واو( ﺑﺎ ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﻋﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮد ﮐﺮدن ﻟﺐ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮري ﮐﻪ دﻧﺪان ﻫﺎي ﺑﺎﻻ‬
‫روي ﻟﺐ ﭘﺎﺋﯿﻦ ﻗﺮار ﻧﮕﯿﺮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Well – Wall – We :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ X‬داراي ﺻﺪا ﻫﺎي زﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )ك س( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Fox – Box :‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )ﮔﺰ( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Example – Exact :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ Y‬داراي ﺻﺪا ﻫﺎي زﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )آي( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Sky – Typist :‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )ي( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Young – Yesterday :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ Z‬ﺻﺪاي )ز( دارد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Zoo :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮوف ﺻﺪا دار )‪(Vowel‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ﺻﺪا دار ﻋﺒﺎرﺗﻨﺪ از ‪.A – E – I – O – U :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ A‬داراي ﺻﺪا ﻫﺎي زﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )آ( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Arc – Arm :‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )اَ( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Back – Cat :‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )ا‪ (‬ﻣﯽ ﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Above – Ago :‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )ا‪‬ي( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Day – Cake :‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )اٌ( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Always – Tall :‬‬

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 ‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ‪ :‬رﺿﺎ ﺑﻬﺮاﻣﯽ راد ‪bahramirad_reza@yahoo.com‬‬

‫ﺣﺮف ‪ E‬داراي ﺻﺪا ﻫﺎي زﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ ‪:‬‬

‫ﺻﺪاي )اي( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Be – these :‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )ا‪ (‬ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Pen – Egg :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ I‬داراي ﺻﺪا ﻫﺎي زﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )آي( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Time – Child :‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )اي( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Ship – Fish :‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )ا‪‬ي( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.First – Bird :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ O‬داراي ﺻﺪا ﻫﺎي زﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )او( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.To – Do :‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )اُ( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Go – No :‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )آ( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Officer – Hot :‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )ا‪ (‬ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Monitor – Actor :‬‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ U‬داراي ﺻﺪا ﻫﺎي زﯾﺮ اﺳﺖ ‪:‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )ﯾﻮ( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.University – Use :‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )او( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Rude – Ruler :‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )آ( ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Underpass – Cup‬‬
‫ﺻﺪاي )ا‪ (‬ﻣﯽ دﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Burn – Murder :‬‬
‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ!‬
‫ﭼﻨﺎﻧﭽﻪ ﺣﺮف )‪ (Y‬داراي ﺻﺪا ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ )آي‪ -‬اي( ﺑﺎﺷﺪ آن را ﺻﺪا دار و در ﻏﯿﺮ اﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻮرت ﺑﯽ ﺻﺪا ﻣﺤﺴﻮب ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪.Cary – By – Hurry :‬‬

‫ﺣﺮوف ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺒﯽ‬
‫ﻋﺒﺎرت از ﺣﺮوﻓﯽ اﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ دو ﯾﺎ ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦ ﺣﺮف ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه و آواز ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯽ‬
‫را ﻣﯽ دﻫﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻋﺒﺎرت اﻧﺪ از‪:‬‬
‫‪) : ch‬چ( ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪Chair :‬‬
‫‪) : ph‬ف( ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪Telephone :‬‬

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‫‪) : kh‬خ( ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪Khaneh :‬‬

‫‪) : gh‬ق – غ( ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪Ghand :‬‬
‫‪) : sh‬ش( ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪She :‬‬
‫‪) : zh‬ژ( ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪Mozhdeh :‬‬
‫‪) : gh‬ف( ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪Laugh :‬‬
‫‪) : th‬ث – ذ( ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪Nothing‬‬
‫‪) : tion‬ﺷﻦ( ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪Nation :‬‬
‫‪ : sion‬اﮔﺮ ﭘﯿﺶ از ﺣﺮف ‪ s‬ﯾﮑﯽ از ﺣﺮوف ﺻﺪا دار ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﺻﺪاي )ژن( و در ﻏﯿﺮ اﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺻﻮرت ﺑﺎ ﺻﺪاي )ﺷﻦ( ﺗﻠﻔﻆ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ Decision :‬و ‪Tension‬‬
‫‪) : tu‬چ( ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪Picture :‬‬
‫‪) : ee‬اي ﮐﺸﯿﺪه( ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪Need :‬‬
‫‪) : oo‬او ﮐﺸﯿﺪه ﯾﺎ اُ ﮐﻮﺗﺎه( ﺑﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪ Afternoon :‬و ‪Book‬‬
‫‪) : ou‬اُو‪ (‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪Out :‬‬
‫‪) : ow‬اَو‪ (‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪Now :‬‬
‫‪) : tch‬چ( ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪Watch :‬‬
‫‪) : du‬ﺟﻮ( ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪education :‬‬
‫‪ : ti‬ﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺻﺪاي )ش( دارد‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪patience :‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻧﮑﺎت ﻣﻬﻢ زﯾﺮ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬ﻫﺮﮔﺎه ﺣﺮف ‪ W‬در آﻏﺎز ﮐﻠﻤﻪ و ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺣﺮف ‪ r‬ﻗﺮار ﺑﮕﯿﺮد‪ ،‬ﺧﻮاﻧﺪه ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪Write – Wrong‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺣﺮف ‪ k‬ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺣﺮف ‪ n‬ﺧﻮاﻧﺪه ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪know – knife‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺣﺮف ‪ n‬در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﮐﻠﻤﻪ و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺣﺮف ‪ m‬ﺧﻮاﻧﺪه ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪solemn – column‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺣﺮف ‪ gh‬در وﺳﻂ ﮐﻠﻤﻪ و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺣﺮف ‪ i‬ﺧﻮاﻧﺪه ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪night – flight‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺣﺮف ‪ g‬در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﮐﻠﻤﻪ و ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺣﺮف ‪ n‬ﺧﻮاﻧﺪه ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬

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 ‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ‪ :‬رﺿﺎ ﺑﻬﺮاﻣﯽ راد ‪bahramirad_reza@yahoo.com‬‬

‫‪sign – design‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﺣﺮف ‪ b‬در ﭘﺎﯾﺎن ﮐﻠﻤﻪ و ﺑﻌﺪ از ﺣﺮف ‪ m‬ﺧﻮاﻧﺪه ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮد‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪comb – limb‬‬
‫‪ -7‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺣﺮوف ﺻﺪا دار ﻗﺒﻞ از ﺣﺮف ‪ r‬داراي ﺻﺪاي )ا‪ (‬ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪:‬‬
‫‪burn – standard – learn – sir – doctor‬‬
‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ!‬
‫ﺣﺮف ‪ A‬ﯾﮏ ﮐﻠﻤﻪ اﺳﺖ ﻫﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ از ﯾﮏ ﺣﺮف ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ وﻟﯽ ﭼﻮن داراي ﻣﻌﻨﺎ‬
‫و ﻣﻔﻬﻮم اﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮان ﯾﮏ ﮐﻠﻤﻪ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﯽ آن ﯾﮏ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ‪A :‬‬
‫‪.pen‬‬

‫ﻧﮑﺘﻪ!‬
‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮر ﮐﻪ ﮔﻔﺘﯿﻢ اﻟﻔﺒﺎي اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﺑﻪ دو ﺻﻮرت ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد ‪ :‬ﺣﺮوف ﺑﺰرگ و ﺣﺮوف‬
‫ﮐﻮﭼﮏ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺎ در ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻣﻮاﻗﻊ در زﻣﺎن ﻧﻮﺷﺘﻦ از ﺣﺮوف ﮐﻮﭼﮏ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ و ﺣﺮوف ﺑﺰرگ‬
‫ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﮐﻤﺘﺮي دارد‪ .‬ﺑﺎ اﯾﻦ ﺣﺎل ﻣﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺴﺘﯽ ﻣﻮارد اﺳﺘﻔﺎده از ﺣﺮوف ﺑﺰرگ را ﻫﻢ ﯾﺎد‬
‫ﺑﮕﯿﺮﯾﻢ‪ .‬در اﯾﻨﺠﺎ ﺑﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ ﮐﺎرﺑﺮد ﻣﻬﻢ ﺣﺮوف ﺑﺰرگ اﺷﺎره ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -1‬اوﻟﯿﻦ ﺣﺮف در آﻏﺎز ﻫﺮ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ‬
‫‪It is a pen.‬‬
‫‪ -2‬ﺣﺮف اول اﺳﺎﻣﯽ اﺷﺨﺎص‬
‫‪Ali , Zahra‬‬
‫‪ -3‬ﺣﺮف اول ﻓﺎﻣﯿﻠﯽ اﺷﺨﺎص‬
‫‪Bahrami , Rahmani‬‬
‫‪ -4‬ﺣﺮف اول اﺳﺎﻣﯽ ﺷﻬﺮ ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪Tehran , Ardebil‬‬
‫‪ -5‬ﺣﺮف اول اﺳﺎﻣﯽ ﮐﺸﻮر ﻫﺎ‬
‫‪Iran , Iraq‬‬
‫‪ -6‬ﺣﺮف اول روز ﻫﺎي ﻫﻔﺘﻪ‬
‫‪Saturday , Sunday‬‬
‫‪ -7‬ﺣﺮف اول اﺳﺎﻣﯽ ﻣﺎه ﻫﺎي ﺳﺎل‬
‫‪Azar , Bahman‬‬

‫‪٨‬‬
 ‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه ‪ :‬رﺿﺎ ﺑﻬﺮاﻣﯽ راد ‪bahramirad_reza@yahoo.com‬‬

‫‪ -8‬ﺣﺮف اول زﺑﺎن ﮐﺸﻮر ﻫﺎ‬

‫‪English , Persian‬‬

‫اﻋﺪاد در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ‬

‫در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ اﻋﺪاد را ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ دو دﺳﺘﻪ اﺻﻠﯽ ﺗﻘﺴﯿﻢ ﺑﻨﺪي ﮐﺮد ‪:‬‬
‫اﻋﺪاد اﺻﻠﯽ ‪ Cardinal Numbers‬ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﺎن اﻋﺪاد ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ و اﻋﺪاد ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺒﯽ‬
‫‪ Ordinal Numbers‬ﮐﻪ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﻗﺮار ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭼﯿﺰي را در ﯾﮏ ردﯾﻒ ﯾﺎ ﺳـﺮي ﻧﺸﺎن ﻣﯽ‬
‫دﻫﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﻏﯿﺮ از ﭼﻨﺪ اﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎء ﺑﺮاي ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ ﻋﺪد ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺒﯽ ﺑﻪ آﺧﺮ ﻋﺪد ‪ th‬اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﯽﮐﻨﯿﻢ‪) .‬در ﻋﺪد‬
‫ﯾﮏ از ‪ – st‬در ﻋﺪد دو از ‪ nd‬و در ﻋﺪد ‪ 3‬از ‪ rd‬اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽﺷﻮد‪(.‬‬
‫‪th = zeroth or nought0‬‬
‫‪st = first1‬‬
‫‪nd = second2‬‬
‫‪rd = third3‬‬
‫‪th = fourth4‬‬
‫‪th = fifth5‬‬
‫‪th = sixth6‬‬
‫‪th = seventh7‬‬
‫‪th = eighth8‬‬
‫‪th = ninth9‬‬
‫‪th = tenth10‬‬
‫‪th = eleventh11‬‬
‫‪th = twelfth12‬‬
‫‪th = twentieth20‬‬
‫‪st = twenty-first21‬‬
‫‪th = twenty-fifth25‬‬

‫‪٩‬‬
 bahramirad_reza@yahoo.com ‫ رﺿﺎ ﺑﻬﺮاﻣﯽ راد‬: ‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬

th = thirtieth30
nd = thirty-second32
th = fortieth40
th = fiftieth50
th = fifty-eighth58
th = sixtieth60
th = sixty-fourth64
th = seventieth70
th = seventy-ninth79
th = eightieth80
rd = eighty-third83
th= ninetieth90
th = ninety-ninth99
‫ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ‬th ‫ ﯾﺎ‬st, nd, rd ‫ﭘﺲ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮر ﮐﻠﯽ ﻋﺪد ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ آن را ﺧﻮاﻧﺪه و ﺑﻪ آﺧﺮﯾﻦ ﻋﺪد‬
.‫ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‬
: ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﯿﺎن اﻋﺪاد در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﯾﺮ ﻋﻤﻞ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‬
: 20 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬0 ‫اﻋﺪاد‬
Zero / One / two / three/ four / five/ six / seven / eight / nine / ten / eleven /
twelve / thirteen / fourteen / fifteen / sixteen / seventeen / eighteen / nineteen
/ twenty

: 100 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬21 ‫اﻋﺪاد از‬

Twenty - one 21 / Twenty - two 22 / Twenty - three 23 / Twenty - four 24 /
Twenty - five 25 / Twenty - six 26 / Twenty - seven 27 / Twenty - eight 28 /
Twenty - eight 29 / Thirty 30 / Thirty - one 31 / Thirty - two 32 / Thirty -
three 33 / Thirty - four 34 / Thirty - five 35 / Thirty - six 36 / Thirty - seven
37 / Thirty - eight 38 / Thirty - nine 39 / Forty 40 / Forty - one 41 / Forty -

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 bahramirad_reza@yahoo.com ‫ رﺿﺎ ﺑﻬﺮاﻣﯽ راد‬: ‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬

two 42 / Forty - three 43 / Forty - four 44 / Forty - five 45 / Forty - six 46 /

Forty - seven 47 / Forty - eight 48 / Forty - nine 49 / Fifty 50 / Fifty - one 51
/ Fifty - two 52 / Fifty - three 53 / Fifty - four 54 / Fifty - five 55 / Fifty - six
56 / Fifty - seven 57 / Fifty - eight 58 / Fifty - nine 59 / Sixty 60 / Sixty - one
61 / Sixty - two 62 / Sixty - three 63 / Sixty - four 64 / Sixty - five 65 / Sixty
- six 66 / Sixty - seven 67 / Sixty - eight 68 / Sixty - nine 69 / Seventy 70 /
Seventy - one 71 / Seventy - two 72 / Seventy - three 73 / Seventy - four 74 /
Seventy - five 75 / Seventy - six 76 / Seventy - sevent 77 / Seventy - eight 78
/ Seventy - nine 79 / Eighty 80 / Eighty - one 81 / Eighty - two 82 / Eighty -
three 83 / Eighty - four 84 / Eighty - five 85 / Eighty - six 86 / Eighty - seven
87 / Eighty - eight 88 / Eighty - nine 89 / Ninety 90 / Ninety - one 91 /
Ninety - two 92 / Ninety - three 93 / Ninety - four 94 / Ninety - five 95 /
Ninety - six 96 / Ninety - seven 97 / Ninety - eight 98 / Ninety - nine 99 /
Hundred 100 /
: ‫ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت زﯾﺮ ﺧﻮاﻧﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬،100 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬10 ‫اﻋﺪاد‬
Ten / twenty / thirty / fifty / fifty / sixty / seventy / eighty / ninety / hundred
‫ را ﺑﺨﻮاﻫﯿـﺪ‬22 ‫ ﺑﺮاي ﻣﺜﺎل اﮔﺮ ﻋﺪد‬.‫ ﻣﺸﮑﻠﯽ ﻧﺪارﯾﺪ‬100 ‫اﮐﻨﻮن ﺑﺮاي ﮔﻔﺘﻦ اﻋﺪاد از ﯾﮏ ﺗﺎ‬
.seventy one 71 ‫ ﯾﺎ‬twenty two : ‫ ﻣﯽﮔﻮﯾﯿﺪ‬،‫ﺑﯿﺎن ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‬
‫ﭘﺲ ﻫﺮ ﻋﺪدي را ﮐﻪ ﺑﺨﻮاﻫﯿﺪ ﺑﯿﺎن ﮐﻨﯿﺪ اول دﻫﮕـﺎن آن را ﮔﻔﺘـﻪ و ﺑﻼﻓﺎﺻـﻠﻪ ﯾﮑـﺎن آن را‬
.‫اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‬
: 1000 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬100 ‫اﻋﺪاد ﺑﯿﻦ‬
One hundred / two hundred / three hundred / four hundred ….. one thousand
.‫ ﺟﻤﻊ اﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﺷﻮد‬s ‫( ﻧﺒﺎﯾﺪ‬1000) thousand ‫( ﯾﺎ‬100) hundred ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
: 1000000 ‫ ﺗﺎ‬1000 ‫اﻋﺪا‬
‫ را‬thousand ‫ وﺟﻮد داﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ را اول ﻣﯽ ﮔﻮﯾﯿﻢ و ﺳﭙﺲ ﮐﻠﻤﻪي‬1000 ‫ﻫﺮ ﺗﻌﺪاد‬
.‫ﻣﯽآورﯾﻢ‬

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 bahramirad_reza@yahoo.com ‫ رﺿﺎ ﺑﻬﺮاﻣﯽ راد‬: ‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬

1000 = one thousand

2000 = two thousand
20,000 = twenty thousand
30,000 = thirty thousand
85,000 = eighty-five thousand
999,000 = nine hundred and ninety-nine thousand (British English)
nine hundred ninety-nine thousand (American English)
1,000,000 = one million
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد اﻣﺎ در اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ اﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ از‬and ‫در اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﺑﺮﯾﺘﺎﻧﯿﺎ ﺑﯿﻦ اﻋﺪاد از ﮐﻠﻤﻪي‬
.‫اﯾﻦ ﮐﻠﻤﻪ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻧﻤﯽ ﺷﻮد‬
325 = three hundred and twenty-five (UK)
325 = three hundred twenty-five (US)
719 = seven hundred and nineteen (UK)
719 = seven hundred nineteen (US)
3,077 = three thousand and seventy-seven (UK)
3,077 = three thousand seventy-seven (US)
.‫ ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻫﺰارﮔﺎن ﯾﮏ وﯾﺮﮔﻮل ﺑﺮاي ﺟﺪا ﮐﺮدن ﮔﺬاﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﯽﺷﻮد‬: ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬
: ‫اﻋﺪاد ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ از ﯾﮏ ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮن‬
1000,000 = one million
1,000,000,000 = one billion (US) one milliard (UK)
1,000,000,000,000 = one trillion (US) one billion (UK)
1,000,000,000,000,000 = one quadrillion (US) one billiard (UK)
‫ ﻣﺜﻼً ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي‬.‫در ﮔﻔﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮﺳﻤﯽ و دوﺳﺘﺎﻧﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ اﻋﺪاد ﺟﻮر دﯾﮕﺮي ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬
.‫ ﻣﻨﺎزل ﯾﺎ اﺗﻮﺑﻮﺳﻬﺎ‬،‫ ﺑﺨﺼﻮص در ﮔﻔﺘﻦ ﺷﻤﺎره ﻫﺎي ﺧﯿﺎﺑﺎﻧﻬﺎ‬.‫ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬oh ‫ﺻﻔﺮ‬
One-oh-one = 101
One-oh-nine = 109
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 bahramirad_reza@yahoo.com ‫ رﺿﺎ ﺑﻬﺮاﻣﯽ راد‬: ‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬

One-ten or One-one-oh = 110

Two-oh-eight = 208
334 = Three-thirty-four Or Three-three- four
! ‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪ‬

: ‫ﻋﺪد ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺷﮑﻞ زﯾﺮ ﺧﻮاﻧﺪه ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‬

Four hundred sixty seven trillion two hundred three billion nine hundred
thirty six million six hundred thirty six million six hundred seventy eight
thousand and four hundred sixty five.
: ‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﯿﺎن اﻋﺪاد ﮐﺴﺮي ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻً ﺻﻮرت ﮐﺴﺮ را ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ و ﻣﺨﺮج ﮐﺴﺮ را ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺒﯽ ﻣﯽﺧﻮاﻧﯿﻢ‬
One-sixteenth = 1/16
One-tenth = 1/10
One-eight = 1/8
Two-tenths = 2/10
One-fourth = 1/4 or one-quarter
One-half = 1/2
Five-eights = 5/8
Fifteen-sixteenths = 15/16
8/2 ‫ ﻣﺜﻼ ﺑﺮاي‬.‫ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎي روي ﻫﻢ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﺷﻮد‬over ‫ﮔﺎﻫﯽ اوﻗﺎت ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ از ﮐﻠﻤﻪي‬
.(‫ )ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ در اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﺑﺮﯾﺘﺎﻧﯿﺎ‬.eight over two : ‫ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬
‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي ﻋﺪد‬point ‫در اﻋﺪاد اﻋﺸﺎري ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي ﻣﻤﯿﺰ از ﮐﻠﻤﻪي‬
‫ ﯾﮑﯽ ﯾﮑﯽ ﺧﻮاﻧﺪه ﻣﯽ‬،‫ اﺳﺘﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد و اﻋﺪاد ﺑﻌﺪ از ﻣﻤﯿﺰ‬Naught ‫ ﯾﺎ‬Zero ‫ﺻﻔﺮ از‬
.‫ ﮔﻔﺘﻪ ﺷﻮد‬o ‫ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ اﺳﺖ در ﮔﻔﺘﺎرﻫﺎي ﻏﯿﺮ رﺳﻤﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎي ﺻﻔﺮ‬.‫ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‬

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 bahramirad_reza@yahoo.com ‫ رﺿﺎ ﺑﻬﺮاﻣﯽ راد‬: ‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬

point zero zero two, "point o o two", "nought point zero zero " = 002. 0
.two", etc
naught point five (US: zero point five) = 0.5
three point three seven five = 3.375
ninety- nine point three = 99.3
thirteen point seven five = 13.75
three point one four one six = 3.1416
‫ آﻧﻬﺎ را ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮرت‬،‫ ﻓﺎﮐﺲ و ﯾﺎ ﺷﻤﺎره ﺳﺮﯾﺎل‬،‫در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﺑﺮاي ﺑﯿﺎن اﻋﺪاد ﺷﻤﺎره ﺗﻠﻔﻦ‬
.‫رﻗﻢ ﺑﻪ رﻗﻢ ﯾﺎ ﺗﮏ ﺗﮏ ﺑﯿﺎن ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‬
: ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
00989193536378
oh, oh (double oh), nine, eight, nine, one, nine, three, five, three, six, three,
seven, eight)
‫در ﺻﻮرﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ رﻗﻢ دوﺑﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار ﺷﻮد ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﯾﺎ آن رﻗﻢ را دوﺑﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار‬
.‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﺮد‬Double ‫ﮐﺮد و ﯾﺎ از ﮐﻠﻤﻪ‬
: ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
212553122
(Two, One, Two, Five, Five, Three, One, Double Two)
or
(Two, One, Two, Double Five, Three, One, Two, Two)

‫در ﺻﻮرﺗﯽ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ رﻗﻢ ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار ﺷﻮد ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮان ﺑﻪ اﻧﺘﺨﺎب ﯾﺎ آن رﻗﻢ را ﺳﻪ ﺑﺎر ﺗﮑﺮار‬
.‫ اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﮐﺮد‬Triple ‫ﮐﺮد و ﯾﺎ از ﮐﻠﻤﻪ‬
: ‫ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
21255531222
(Two, One, Two, Triple Five, Three, One, Two, Two, Two)
or

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 bahramirad_reza@yahoo.com ‫ رﺿﺎ ﺑﻬﺮاﻣﯽ راد‬: ‫ﺗﻬﯿﻪ و ﺗﻨﻈﯿﻢ ﮐﻨﻨﺪه‬

(Two, One, Two, Five, Five, Five, Three, One, Triple Two)
: ‫ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬.‫ﺑﺮاي ﺑﯿﺎن ﻗﯿﻤﺖ ﻫﺎ در ﻗﺴﻤﺖ رﺷﺘﻪ اﻋﺪاد از ﻗﻮاﻧﯿﻦ ﻓﻮق اﺳﺘﻔﺎده ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‬
$51 (Fifty one Dollars)
$20 (Twenty Dollars)
$90.05 (Ninety Dollars and Five Cents) or (Ninety, Five)
$65.25 (Sixty five Dollars and Twenty five Cents)
or
(Sixty five, Twenty five)
:‫ﺷﯿﻮه ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن اﻋﺪاد ﻣﺮﺑﻮط ﺑﻪ ﺳﺎل و ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ‬
‫ﯾﮑﯽ از ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ روزﻣﺮه در ﻣﮑﺎﻟﻤﺎت اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﺷﯿﻮه ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن و ﺑﯿﺎن ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻣﯽ‬
.‫ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ ﻧﺤﻮه ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن آن ﻫﺎ آورده ﺷﺪه اﺳﺖ‬،‫ در زﯾﺮ ﭼﻨﺪ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﺜﺎل از ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ‬.‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‬
: ‫ﻧﺤﻮه ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن ﺳﺎل ﻫﺎ در زﺑﺎن اﻧﮕﻠﯿﺴﯽ ﻋﺒﺎرت اﺳﺖ از‬
seven forty nine - 749
nineteen hundred - 1900
nineteen twenty - 1920
two thousand - 2000
two thousand and two - 2002
twenty twelve - 2012
: ‫ﺷﯿﻮه ﺑﯿﺎن و ﺧﻮاﻧﺪن ﺗﺎرﯾﺦ ﻫﻤﺮاه ﺑﺎ روز و ﻣﺎه ﺑﻪ دو ﺻﻮرت زﯾﺮ اﻧﺠﺎم ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮد‬
July the third nineteen twelve - 1912, 3July,
or
the third of July nineteen twelve
August the fourth nineteen o five - 1905, 4August,
or
the fourth of August nineteen o five

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