School of Petroleum Engineering

T.Y.B.Tech. Petroleum Geology II Laboratory

Practical No: I
Name of Student:
Roll No.:
Date:
Signature of the student:

Faculty In-charge: Prof. Amey Dashputre

Practical I: Structural Graphic Problems

(Three Point Problems)

Objective of these exercise is to understand and apply systematic methods for analysis of data
and calculation of attitude and thickness of subsurface formations.

After completing these exercises, the students will demonstrate an ability to

• Apply subsurface methods to calculate attitude and thickness of beds using borehole
data.
• Predict thickness variation of formation in the area of study.

Some Important Definitions:

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 School of Petroleum Engineering
T.Y.B.Tech. Petroleum Geology II Laboratory
Practical No: I
Name of Student:
Roll No.:
Date:
Signature of the student:

Faculty In-charge: Prof. Amey Dashputre

ATTITUDE The general term used for the orientation of a structural plane or a line in space,
usually related to geographical coordinates and the horizontal. Both bearing and
inclination are components of ATTITUDE. In simple words attitude has a reference
to three- dimensional configuration of beds

BEARING The horizontal angle between a line and a specified coordinate direction,
usually true north
Strike The bearing of a horizontal line on an inclined plane. OR The line formed by
intersection of a horizontal plane and an inclined plane (structural feature)

Dip The angle made by an inclined plane or a line (feature) measured in a

direction, perpendicular to the strike.
Apparent Dip The inclination of a plane or a line measured in a direction not perpendicular to
strike. It is always smaller than true dip angle.

Attitude of the beds with the help of subsurface data:

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 School of Petroleum Engineering
T.Y.B.Tech. Petroleum Geology II Laboratory
Practical No: I
Name of Student:
Roll No.:
Date:
Signature of the student:

Faculty In-charge: Prof. Amey Dashputre

Principle and construction:

❖ The top of a bed is located in three different boreholes at different depths.

❖ Plot well locations in map view and show elevation/ depth to the top in bracket adjacent
to well location.

❖ Connect highest and lowest points of elevation/ depth (line AC). If both elevation and
depth is given then reduce the value to MSL to find relative depth for given points.

❖ The third point is of intermediate elevation/ depth, which may be plotted on the line
(AC) by calculating distance between the highest and lowest point by dividing the map
distance in to equal parts.

❖ This line (BB’) by definition is a strike line. Dip direction is perpendicular to strike and is
from higher to lower strike line.

Problems:

1. Calculate the attitude of sandstone bed encountered in three boreholes, A, B and

C. The details of which are as follows:

Borehole Location Elevation (m) Depth (m)

A 800 m west of ‘B’ 0 900
B -- 0 500
C 600 m south of ‘B’ 0 300

2. Calculate attitude of a homo-clinal bed from given data: Points L, M, N are given as
follows:
Point ‘L’ is located at elevation of 600 m. Point ‘M’ is located at a distance of
800 m west from ‘L’ with an elevation of 400 m. Point ‘N’ is located 300 m south of
‘L’ and its elevation is 600 m. The top of bed is encountered at these locations below
the surface at a depth of 400, 200, 100 m respectively.

3. From following data calculate elevation of limestone bed at ‘D’ and also find out
attitude of limestone bed.

Borehole Location Elevation (m) Depth (m)

A --- 200 200
B 600 m north of ‘A’ 400 500
C 600 m west of ‘B’ 700 300
D 600 m west of ‘C’ 500

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 School of Petroleum Engineering
T.Y.B.Tech. Petroleum Geology II Laboratory
Practical No: I
Name of Student:
Roll No.:
Date:
Signature of the student:

4. Three wells have been drilled to find a sandstone bed. Faculty In-charge: Prof. Amey Dashputre
Following data is obtained. The wells are positioned at the
corner of a square at a distance of 500 m. calculate the attitude of horizon.

Borehole Location Elevation (m) Depth (m)

308 NE 920 470
309 NW 850 200
311 SE 760 610

5. The given map depicts a level land surface at an elevation of 30 m above mean sea
level. Below the surface, a thin shale bed is encountered. The top of which, is
recorded in borehole A, B and C at depth of 15 m, 30 m and 40 m respectively.
(Scale 1cm: 25m)
• Assuming bed to be planar, project on the map, stratum counters above and
below mean sea level at 5meter interval
• Calculate direction and amount of true dip.
• What is the amount of apparent dip in the direction N270o?
• State at what depth, the shale band would be encountered at ‘D’.
(Use the enclosed Location Map below to solve Problem 5)

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 School of Petroleum Engineering
T.Y.B.Tech. Petroleum Geology II Laboratory
Practical No: I
Name of Student:
Roll No.:
Date:
Signature of the student:

Faculty In-charge: Prof. Amey Dashputre

6. The map given below gives the following information for three drill holes:
elevation of the ground surface and depth below the ground surface to the
Sandstone, which is an important reservoir in the region. Your task is to determine
the strike and dip of the Sandstone in the area, and to estimate its depth at a
proposed well site (point A), which is at 1323 m elevation. Elevations are given as
meters above mean sea level, and depths are given in meters.

Page 5 of 6
 School of Petroleum Engineering
T.Y.B.Tech. Petroleum Geology II Laboratory
Practical No: I
Name of Student:
Roll No.:
Date:
Signature of the student:

Faculty In-charge: Prof. Amey Dashputre

7. Details of top of a Limestone bed encountered in 9 wells are
given below. The area is divided into 3 domains based on the
homogeneity. All B.H. are taken at same elevation:

Borehole Number Location Distance in m Depth in m

1 --- -- 600
2 N 140 ° from 1 400 650
3 N 50 ° from 2 400 725
4 N 110° from 3 200 750
5 N135° from 4 200 825
6 N85° from 4 200 875
7 N 100 ° from 6 200 925
8 N 135° from 7 350 975
9 N 90 ° from 7 500 1050

Draw the stratum contours at 25 m interval for three domains. Describe the attitude.
What may be the plausible explanation for dip variation? Describe different parameters
related to steeping of beds

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