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2 mathematical language. It covers propositional

logic, which entails evaluation of truth values of
simple and compound propositions and statements.
Predicate logic is also discussed where evaluation of

(Mathe
quantified statements in terms of their truth values
is also discussed. The last part tackles the inductive
and deductive reasoning of mathematics.

matics Keep track of your progress in this lesson by

checking the box corresponding to each task.

___/__ 1. Read/Watch Module 1 Lesson 7 Lecture

in the ___/__ 2. Read/Watch Module 1 Lesson 8 Lecture

Modern
 World)
FIRST QUARTER, SY2021-2022 GED 102 WEEK 3

_____ 3. Read/Watch Module 1 Lesson 9 Lecture

_____ 4. Answer SQ1.1, 1.2 & 1.3 in Blackboard.

___/__ 5. Submit WGN Week 3.

Lesson 7. Propositional Logic

Highlights

A. What are the five type of compound statements/propositions?

1. Negation- is the counterpart of the statement in which reverses it truth
value. It uses the phrases “not” or “it is not true that”, and the symbol “~.”
2. Disjunction- uses the connective “or” or “either, or”, and the symbol “v.”
3. Conjunction- uses the connectives (and, but, although, yet, furthermore,
neither… nor, also) and the symbol “∧.”
4. Conditional- also referred as implication as it has a single implication
between two propositions. It uses the connective “if… then” and the symbol
“→.” The proposition after the word “if” becomes the antecedent, while the
proposition after the word “then” becomes the consequent.
5. Biconditional- also referred to as double conditional as it shows double
implication between two propositions. It uses the connective “if and only if”
and the symbol “⇔.”
FIRST QUARTER, SY2021-2022 GED 102 WEEK 3

B. Given the conditional proposition p → q . Write the symbolic form of the

following related propositions:
1. Negation - ( p ∧q)
2. Converse- q → p
3. Inverse - p →q .
4. Contrapositive q → p

C. Define a tautology, a contradiction and a contingency.

 Tautology- is a compound statement that is true at all times, no matter

what truth values the component statement has.
 Contradiction- is the opposite to tautology as this is a compound
statement that is false at all times
 Contingency- is neither of the first two types of compound statement as
it has both true and false statements.

Lesson 8. Predicate Logic

Highlights

A. Define and give 2 examples of universal quantification.

Universal quantification- states that a property stays true for all other values of
a variable in a certain domain. It uses keywords like “all” or “every”, and the
symbol symbol “∀.”

 All Filipinos suffer from the current situation amidst COVID-19.

 Every Blackpink concert is a sold out one.

B. Define and give 2 examples of existential quantification.

Existential quantification- states that there is an element having a certain

property. It uses keywords like “some” or “there exists” and the symbol “∃.”

 Some people are still afraid and don’t want COVID-19 Vaccination.
FIRST QUARTER, SY2021-2022 GED 102 WEEK 3

 There exists a number which is a cube root for 64.

C. Explain how to negate a universal and existential quantification. Give 2

examples of each.
 Negation of a universal quantification- the negation of a universal
quantification is equal to an existential statement. This is done by changing
the statement “all” or “every” to “some are not”.
- Example: ~(∀x ∈ S) P(x)) ≡ ∃x ∈ S | ~Q(x)
1. ~ (All math problems are hard to solve) ≡ Some math
problems are not hard to solve.
2. ~ (All hospital patients are COVID patients) ≡ Some hospital
patients are not COVID patients.

 Negation of an existential quantification- The negation of an existential

statement is equal to a universal statement. This is done by changing the
statement "some are" to "all are not".
- Example: ~(∃x ∈ S) P(x)) ≡ ∀x ∈ S | ~Q(x)
1. ~ (Some college students are good at multitasking) ≡ All
college students are not good at multitasking.
2. ~ (Every page of the book was torn) ≡ All pages of the
book are not torn.