MODULE ON TEACHER’S PHILOSOPHY OF EDUCATION

OBSERVATION #1

This chapter will give you a close encounter and analysis of the founding
philosophies which guide the country’s basic education scheme and curriculum.
Philosophy of education should be well-understood by every teacher as these
philosophical concepts state the nature of the learner and their learning conditions
moreover, the guiding philosophy of the Philippine education system.

Introduction

We are beneficiaries of a rich philosophical heritage passed on to us by great

thinkers of the past and off the present. The way teachers relate and the way they
teach are anchored on philosophies of education.

Basic documents such as the vision and mission statements, core values and
mandate of the Department of Education and the K to 12 Curriculum Guide are
manifestations or expressions of the philosophies of education of the country. They
state the standards and the outcomes of education towards which all curricular
activities and teaching-learning should be directed.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the observation, you will be able to:

1. determine prevailing philosophies of education based DepEd Vision and Mission

statements, core values and mandate and the K-12 Curriculum Guide Framework;

2. cite teacher’s teaching behaviors and the philosophies of education on which these
behaviors are founded; and

3. cite relevant statements to back up an identified philosophy of education.

Observation Guide

1. Determine the prevailing philosophies of education based DepEd Vision and

Mission statements, core values and mandate and the K-12 Curriculum Guide
Framework that can be found in the link below:
https://www.deped.gov.ph/about-deped/vision-mission-core-values-and-
mandate/
“On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education” Observation 2, prepared by John Erickson R. Bulan
for
Field Study I, First Semester, A.Y. 2021-2022
 2. Study the DepEd Vision and Mission statements, core values and mandate.
3. Read the features of the K to 12 Curriculum Framework and Guide through
this link:
https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Arts-CG.pdf
4. Accomplish the table below by answering this question: Which philosophies
are expressed?
5. Cite relevant statements to back up an identified philosophy of education.

Proof that philosophies are

Proof that philosophies are
expressed in the DepEd
expressed in the K to 12
Philosophies of Education Vision, Mission
Curriculum Framework and
Statements, Core Values
Guide
and Mandate
The core values of maka-
Essentialism – teach mastery Diyos, maka-tao, maka-
List of standards in
of the basics; curriculum is kalikasan and maka-bansa
competencies that learners
prescribed; subject matter- show that DepEd is
are expected to attain is this
centered; there are universal, essentialist. DepEd
subject matter that students
objective values; inculcate believes in unchanging
are expected to learn.
values in subject matter values that need to be
inculcated.
Perennialism – teach those The Deped Mission in which In K-12 Curriculum Framework
that last, the classics; there Students learn in a child-friendly, which is making the Curriculum
gender-sensitive, safe, and Relevant to learners
are universal values; motivating environment shows (Contextualization and
inculcate these universal, that DepEd applied Perennialism Enhancement), Students needed to
objective values to their DepEd Mission as they acquire in-depth knowledge, skills,
believes that if the learners values, and attitudes through
engage with this kind of continuity and consistency across
environment, it is possible that all levels and subjects in order to
they become afriendly and good bring a good values and
citizen of our country in the characteristic to their future from
future as they bring a good what they are learned in schools.
values that they learned in
schools.
The DepEd vision in In RA No. 105
Progressivism – child which, as a 33 Sec. 5 which is
learner Curriculum Development, The
centered; teach those that - curriculum shall be learner
interest the child; learning by centered institution, the -
DepEd continuously improves itself centered,
doing; experiential teaching to better serve its stakeholders inclusive and developmentally
shows that DepEd is progressivism. appropriate; which it show that
DepEd believes in learners learn by Progressivism is applied in this law.
doing as well as if we teach of what
they are interested.
The DepEd mission in which, In K-12 Curriculum Framework which is
Existentialism – teach teachers facilitate learning and Gearing Up for The Future (Senior High
constantly nurture every learner School) it shows that there is a proof of
learners to make a choice, to shows that DepEd is existentialism. Existentialism that use which students
make decisions, and not DepEd believes that society should may have a freedom to choose a
not restrict an individual's life or specialization based on aptitude,
merely to follow the crowd actions and these restrictions inhibit interests, and school capacity. The
free will and the development of that choice of career track will define the
person's potential. content of the subjects a student will
“On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education” Observation 2, prepared by John Erickson R. Bulan
for
Field Study I, First Semester, A.Y. 2021-2022
 take in Grades 11 and 12. SHS
subjects fall under either the Core
Curriculum or specific Tracks.

Behaviorism – behavior is
shaped deliberately by forces
in the environment and the
type of person and actions
desired can be the product of
design; behavior is
determined by others, rather
than by persons own free will;
rewards reinforce learning
TheDepEd Vision which is Students In RA No. 10533 Sec. 5 which is
learn in a child-friendly, gender- Curriculum Development, it shows that
sensitive, safe, and motivating there is a Bahaviorism by which The
environment is one also a proof that curriculum shall be learner-centered,
DepEd applied Behaviorism in which inclusive and developmentally
the teacher provides a positive appropriate; we teachers
reinforcement, or rewards at the end encouragestudents to perform desired
of the day for their good behaviour. behaviour as they giving reward fortheir
Whenever students perform a desired good performance,
behavior, they will learn to perform
the behavior on their own.

“On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education” Observation 2, prepared by John Erickson R. Bulan

for
Field Study I, First Semester, A.Y. 2021-2022
 Constructivism – learners
are capable of constructing
knowledge and meaning;
teaching learning therefore is
constructing knowledge and
meaning; teacher does not
just “tell” or dictate but asks
learners for knowledge they
construct and meaning of
lesson
The DepEd Mission which is In K-12 Curriculum Framework, it
Teachers facilitate learning and shows that there is a Constructivism in
constantly nurture every learner show which it encourage students to consider
also that DepEd is using this to share their valuable knowledge
Constructivism as they help learners and experiences as the learner.
to construct knowledge rather than
just passively take in information. As
students experience the world and
reflect upon those experiences, it
helps to build their own
representations and incorporate new
information into their pre-existing
knowledge.

Reflection Question

1. Are teachers bound to follow these philosophical concepts behind DepEd

Vision and Mission statements, core values and mandate and the K to 12
Curriculum Framework and Guide? Why or why not?

2. How does having more than one philosophy of education help in the
deliberation and attainment of DepEd Vision and Mission statements, and
core values? implementation of K to 12 Curriculum Framework and Guide?

Portfolio Section
Provide documentation of your observation. You may include photo documentation,
materials utilized in the observation, technology used and other relevant documents.

References:

Lucas, M.D., et.al. (2020). Field study 1: observations of teaching-learning in

actual school environment. Intramuros, Manila: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.

Department of Education. Mission, vision, core values and mandate.

https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Arts-CG.pdf

Department of Education. (2016). K to 12 curriculum guide art.

https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/01/Arts-CG.pdf

“On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education” Observation 2, prepared by John Erickson R. Bulan

for
Field Study I, First Semester, A.Y. 2021-2022
 OBSERVATION #2

Introduction

This module provides views on the different aspects of the philosophical and
moral aspects of becoming a teacher. A teacher's influence on his/her students and
other people with whom he/she works and lives depends a great deal on own
philosophy as a person and as a teacher. A teacher’s philosophy of life and her
philosophy of education serve as “window” to the world and “compass” in the sea of
life. Embedded in ones’ philosophy are principles and values that will determine how
you regard people and how you look at life. They govern and direct your lifestyle,
thoughts, decisions, actions, and your relationship with people and things.

Learning Outcomes

At the end of the session, you will be able to:

1. recognize the essence of different educational philosophies.

2. cite teacher’s teaching behaviors and the philosophies of education on which
these behaviors are founded and;
2. formulate your own philosophy of education.

Observation Guide

6. For you to be able to review and learn the different educational Philosophies,
watch the pre-recorded video about Educational Philosophies that can be
found in the follow link: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wYVrPPpzrQ.
7. While watching the video, use the table to determine what are the observable
and direct teaching behaviors align in given Educational Philosophies below.

Teaching Behavior (What to teach and how to

Philosophies of Education
Essentialism- Teach mastery of the
basics; prescribed; subject matter-
centered there are universal, objective;
values; inculcate values; subject
teach)
What to teach: to instill students with the “essentials”
of academic knowledge. Basic skills or the
fundamental R’s such as reading, writing, arithmetic,
and right conduct.

How to teach:
- Emphasis on mastery of subject matter
- Observance of core requirements and longer
academic year

“On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education” Observation 2, prepared by John Erickson R. Bulan

for
Field Study I, First Semester, A.Y. 2021-2022
Perennialism- Knowledge that has been
passed through the ages should be
continued as the basis of the
curriculum, like the classic works.
Perennialists based their teachings on
reason, logic, and analytical thought.
Progressivism- Very child-centered;
teach those that interest the child; one
learns by experience; learners learn by
doing so teacher teaching is
experiential; values are subjective.
Teachers help students clarify their
values
Reconstructionism- School is agent of
change; schooling is preparing students
for social changes; teaching is involving
the students in discussions of moral
dilemmas.
Existentialism- Teachers help students
understand and appreciate themselves
as unique individuals who accept
complete responsibility for their
thoughts, feelings, and actions”
Behaviorism- Teachers are concerned
with the modification and shaping of
students’ behavior for a favorable
environment since they believe that they
are a product of their environment. They
are after students who exhibit desirable
behavior in society.
“On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education” Observation 2, prepared by John Erickson R. Bulan
for
Field Study I, First Semester, A.Y. 2021-2022
What to teach: Teaching ideas that are everlasting
Lessons are lifted from classic and great books.
How to teach:
- Classrooms are teacher-centered
- Students engaged in Socratic dialogue
What to teach: education comes from the
experience. Curriculum that responds to students’
needs and that related to their personal lives and
experience.
How to teach:
- Teachers employ experiential methods.
- They believe that one learns by doing.
What to teach: curriculum focuses on students taking
social action in solving real problems.
How to teach:
- Social issues are dealt through inquiry, dialogue,
and multiple perspectives.
- Community-based learning is utilized.
What to teach: students are given a wide variety of
options from which to choose. Humanities are given
emphasis.
How to teach:
- Methods focus on the individual.
- Learning is self-paced and self-directed.
What to teach: teach students to respond favorably
to various stimuli in the environment.
How to teach:
- Teachers arrange environmental conditions
- They provide reinforcement and punishment.
Constructivism- The learners are taught What to teach: students are taught how to learn.
how to learn. They are taught learning
processes and skills such as searching,
critiquing, and evaluating information, How to teach:
relating these pieces of information, - Teacher provides students with data or
reflecting on the same, making meaning experiences that allow them hypothesize, predict,
out of them, drawing insights, posing manipulate, pose questions, research and invent.
questions, researching, and
constructing new knowledge pout of
these bits of information learned.

Reflection Question

The question now is, what does a philosophy of education contain or include? It
includes your concept about:

- student

- the concept of true and good should be the adage in teaching

- how a student must be taught to know the truth

Test the extent of your understanding of this lesson and your observation is by
formulating your personal philosophy of education using the sample format (Bilbao
et.al, 2020) below.

My Philosophy of Teaching

I believe that the learner is diverse with different ways of learning and understanding, they
have needs and wants that are different with each other.

I believe that I should teach the learners the way that employs variety ways of teaching
strategies.

By encouraging them, being creative, drawing connections to real life, and offering incentives
when they achieved something.

I believe that I will provide necessary information, structure, will teach with enthusiasm and
passion, incorporate humor into lessons, make the learning fun in the near future.

“On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education” Observation 2, prepared by John Erickson R. Bulan

for
Field Study I, First Semester, A.Y. 2021-2022
Key Insights

Now that you completed the observation guide and reflection question and have been
acquainted with the various philosophies prepare to answer these questions.

1. Which philosophy do you identify yourself with? Why?

- I identify myself with Existentialism, because as an individual- growing up I had a few
to nothing appreciation and support with the things I did and wanted to do. Even my
parents didn’t appreciate myself as a unique individual. So, in the future, I want to
instill to my student’s mind that they are appreciated and I understand them no matter
how unique they are.

2. As future educator, how would you plan to nurture your students relative to
your educational philosophy?
- Teachers are responsible for creating a child's future, making him or her a
better human being, in addition to guiding them in academics and
extracurricular activities. A teacher instills in students’ information, good
values, tradition, modern-day issues, and solutions to them.

3. How would you design your lessons and classroom relative to your
educational philosophy?

- A self-reflective expression of your beliefs about teaching and learning is your teaching
philosophy. It expands on these concepts by providing particular, concrete examples
of what the teacher and students will do to achieve those objectives. Your teaching
philosophy statement is also important because it shows why you chose these
alternatives.

“On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education” Observation 2, prepared by John Erickson R. Bulan

for
Field Study I, First Semester, A.Y. 2021-2022
Portfolio Section
Provide documentation of your observation. You may include photo documentation,
materials utilized in the observation, technology used and other relevant documents.

“On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education” Observation 2, prepared by John Erickson R. Bulan

for
Field Study I, First Semester, A.Y. 2021-2022
“On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education” Observation 2, prepared by John Erickson R. Bulan
for
Field Study I, First Semester, A.Y. 2021-2022
References:

1. Bilbao, Purita P., et.al. 2020. Field Study 1: Observations of Teaching-Learning

in Actual School Environment. Intramuros, Manila: Lorimar Publishing, Inc.
2. Aracngel, Clotilde B., et. Al. 2020. The Teacher and The Community, School
Culture and Organizational Leardership. Intramuros, Manila: Lorimar
Publishing, Inc.
3. Video Learning Material: Top Let Reviewer. Keywords to better understand the
Philosophies of Education. YouTube
Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2wYVrPPpzrQ.

“On Teacher’s Philosophy of Education” Observation 2, prepared by John Erickson R. Bulan

for
Field Study I, First Semester, A.Y. 2021-2022