PHARMACOLOGY

Cognitive behaviors
DOSAGE FORMS OF DRUGS Norepinephrine & Catecholamines Schizophrenia, Depression, ADHD
FORM NURSING CARE epinephrine Depression Mania
Tablet: Acetylcholine Muscle contraction Bipolar alzheimer’s
Scored (+) crush Memory
Layered (+) crush
Enteric-coated Not dissolved in the GI tract  dec. GI OVERDOSE OF ANTIDOTE
irritant, dissolved in small intestine
X crush NorEpi Phentolamine Mesylate
Sustained-released X crush Dopamine Phentolamine Mesylate
Chewable (+) crush
Capsule: Cholinergic agonists Atropine Sulfate
Hard gel Iron Overload Desferal/ Deferoxamine
Soft Gel
Lozenges Irreversible Pralidoxime
Antiseptic; Anesthetic
Liquid: acetylcholinesterase-
Syrup inhibiting
Sugar-based, clear
Suspension Shake before administration Digoxin Digibind Immune Fab
Elixir Contains alcohol  dizziness Thrombolytic Aminocaproic Acid
X driving / operating machinerys
Heparin Protamine Sulfate
Topical:
Ointment Coumadin Vitamin K
Oil-based; dry lesions
Cream Magnesium Sulfate Calcium Gluconate
Water-based; wet lesions
Lotion Ca Channel Blockers Glucagon
Patch Apply to dry, non-hairy areas; rotate sites to x Anticholinergics Cholinergics
irritation
Acetaminophen N Acetylcysteine
(Nephro) (Nephroprotect)
Benzodiazepine Flumazenil (stimulant)
NEUROTRANSMITTER ACTION TOO MUCH TOO LOW
(depressant)
Gamma-aminobutyric Inhibits nerve activity Treats seizures
acid Prevents overexcitability Beta Blockers Glucagon
Nitrate Methylene blue
Serotonin Arousal & sleep Schizophrenia Depression
Opioid Naloxone
Prevents depression
Thrombolytics Aminocaproic acid
Dopamine Coordination of impulses Schizophrenia, Depression,
Anti-anxiety drugs Flumazenil (Romazicon)
& responses Mania Parkinson’s, ADHD
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methadone Naloxone
As you learn more Use the remaining spaces

DRUG SPECIAL CONSIDERATION

MAOI No Tyramine-rich food
3 actions
- X Na channels: dec. depolarization
- ^ GABA
- X Ca channels to x Ca to release
SYLLABLE CLASSIFICATION neurotransmitters
SSRI 2-4 weeks after take effect
—zosin A1 Blockers Metamucil / Docusate Na Only soft softeners that are safe for pregnant
—olol Beta Blockers
—stigmine Cholinergic Agonist Iron 60mg and Folic 400ug Only supplements approved by WHO
—ine/ide Cholinergic Antagonist Mifepristone and Misoprostol Common abortion drugs
—ine TCA
—caine Local Anesthesia Nitrous Oxide (laugh) Blue
—coxib COX2 Cyclopropane Orange
—in (brand name) COX1 Ethylene Red
-phylline Methlyxanthines Acetaminophen NSAID for latent acute osteoarthritis
-ase Thrombolytics Decongestants X prolong use  x rebound vasodilation (rhinitis
-pril ACE inhibitors medicamentosa)
-sartan A2 receptor blockers Methylxanthines Drink with meals & monitor palpitation &
-triptans Acute migraines & cluster theophylline levels
headache N: 10-20 mcg/mL
-liflozin Sodium-glucose co- >20  nausea
transporter 2 inhibitors >35  tremor
- prost Anti-glaucoma NSAID X give to ckd patients
As you learn more Use the remaining spaces Corticosteroids Rinse mouth after d/t it kills normal flora

Calcium Channel Blockers Verapamil

Nifedipine – BV
Amlodipine – BV
Felodipine – BV
Dilitiazem

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 X grapefruit juice: inhibits hepatic metabolism of Biguanides First type of medication to be given to type 2 DM
carbon dioxide Can also be given to GDM
Ace inhibitors Angioedema Discontinue 1-2 days before kidney clearance
Cough test and 48 hours after
Elevated K+ Meglitinides Less chance of hypoglycemia
A2 receptors blockers Central acting Skip the dose if meal is skipped
Insulin X freezer, direct sunlight, hot car
Beta blockers Portal hypertension and can cause dec libido Room temperature to x lipodystrophy and if will
Warfarin Oral; PT<INR be used within 1 month, if more = refrigerate
Therapeutic margin: 1.5 – 2 x normal G 27-29, ½ in
X grapefruit juice bcos it can decrease effect 45-90D for normal SQ
Antiarrhythmic Constantly monitor 45-60D FOR THIN
Lantus Only insulin that cant be mixed because it will
Phenytoin (Dilantin) Can cause gingival hyperplasia so oral care and precipitate
soft-bristle toothbrush Hypothyroid medications Same day each day to reach critical therapeutic
Sumatriptan X for px with ischemic heart effect and at AM to x insomnia
Hyperthyroid medications Take with meals to x GI upsent
Edrophonium Generic name for tensilon
Thyroid storm: hyper-hyperthyroidism
Levodopa Therapy Drug blockers: X aspirin / w/ iodine: block production of thyroid
- Phenothiazines Probenecid + Penicillin The first is used for uric acid but can be
- Reserpine combined with the latter to increase the level of
- Pyridoxine the latter
Avoid food: Monobactams Only antibiotic give in IV
- Tuna, pork, dried beans, salmon, beef
Vancomycin C. dificcile
liver
Red man syndrome d/t too fast
Digoxin X amiodarone: dec. HR also
Macrolides-Clindamycin X take it at night to x erosive esophagitis and stay
X Ca channel blockers: dec HR also
upright
Indirect-acting nitrates Can cause headache
Chlorophenol Gray baby syndrome: anemia, cyanosis, CV
Nitroglycerin Max 3 tablets, 5 mins interval collapse
Dark-colored interval Sulfonamides First antibiotic
Patch rotate sites
Silver ___ Antibiotic used in burns

Misoprostol Cytotec Replacement for endogenous prostaglandin

Diarrhea TERATOGENICITY Animals Human
Cimetidine This causes gynecomastia, dec libido and A ✅ ✅
impotence ✅ ❌
B
PPI ^ C. dificille diarrhea, gastric cancer
Can cause CKD C AE ❌
Rebound acid secretion
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D ❌ AE SV Amount of blood ejected per beat
X AE AE CO Amount of blood ejected per minute
SVR Pressure exerted by the smooth
Substances Potential for Abuse Examples muscle against the blood
Schedule TPR X cardiac output = BPR
I High   MAP SBP + 2(DBP) /3
II/IIN High w/ psychological Morphine/Fentanyl N: good tissue perfusion
III/IIIN Moderate w/ low physical Mild-narcotics Low: hypoxia
High: afterload is high, heart is
IV Low Diazepam
working too hard
V Low Cough syrups

Clinical Trial DRUGS USED FOR ARRHYTHMIA

Pre-clinical With animals I X Na channel
IA Procainamide
1 Normal, healthy, young men IB Lidocaine
2 Px w/ specific dx IC Propafenone
3 Vast; permit -> market II X beta receptors; lol
4 Post-market evaluation
III X K+ channel; amiodarone, sotalol
IV X Ca channel; diltiazem, verapamil
ANS Sympa Parasympa

Eye, bronchioles Dilate Constrict

Heart, AG, SwG, Increase Decrease/none Enzymes Time of Description

RR, Elevation
GI/Urine/SG2 Decrease Increase Myoglobin 1st 1-3H 1st enzyme d/t dec oxygenation
Blood vessel, BP Constrict Dilate Troponin I 4-6H Most reliable & sensitive
N: 2-3WKS
Hypersensitivity Aspartate 8H Liver damage
I Most common amino
transferase
II Cytolytic
CK-MB 6-12H Cardiac-specific isoenzyme; most
III Arthus Reaction -> Steven Johnson
N: 24-48H indicative and specific
IV Delayed, Mantoux test Lactic 72H Reflects tissue breakdown and
dehydrogenase hemolysis
DEFINITION OF TERMS
BP Resistance exerted by the blood
against smooth muscle wall
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NITRATES Nursing consideration Dosage D x volume
A
Sublingual Offer sips of water before giving Flow rate: mL / hr
because dryness can inhibit
absorption Drops/min Volume in mL x drop fractor
Instruct to put under tongue and Hours x 60 min/hour
leave until fully dissolved Drop factor 10-15 gtts for adult
Translingual Directly against the oral mucosa 60 gtts for children
(tongue spray) X inhaling the spray Time (hours) Volume in mL x drop fractor
Transmucosal- Put between upper lip and gum or in Drops/min x 60 min/hour
buccal the buccal area between cheek and
gum
Medication will adhere to mucosa
and dissolve
Transdermal Apply the patch over a hairless area, GOOD LUCK AND I BELIEVE IN YOU! 
using a new patch and a different
site each day
Remove patch after 12-14H, allowing
10-12H patch free hours to avoid
- NATELIE JOYCE MARIANO
tolerance
Topical Remove ointment on skin from the
previous dose
X hairy
(+) cover with plastic wrap, rotate

FORMULA

Clark’s Weight in pounds. X average adult

Pedia in 150 lbs dose
pounds
Fried’s Age in months. X average adult
Pedia in 150 months dose
months
Young’s Age in years. X average adult
Pedia in age Age in years + 12 dose

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