Name Sensory quality Orgin Active Effects Uses Contraindications

constituents Side effects

Ginseng root Roots of Panax ginseng Major components  ON SLIDE  Treatment of anemia. Side effects
Korean include:  In treatments of diabetes. GINSENG IS A
Ginseng Family: Araliaceae  Triterpenoid  Diuretic. STIMULANT!!
roots saponins  Regulate metabolism . Hypertension
Ginseng  Ginsenosides  Stimulate and regulate Insomnia
Radix “Ginseng” said to mean (about 29 CNS. Irritability
‫جذور نبات‬ “wonder of the world” identified).  Stimulate and regulate Euphoria
Headaches
‫الجنسنغ‬ endocrine secretions .
Palpitations
 Adaptogenic agent.
Tremors
 Tonic for heart muscles.
Liquorice The roots outer The dried peeled or Triterpene  Expectorant . Side Effect
root surface brown or unpeeled root and oleanane saponins:  Antihistaminic . Glycyrrhizin
Radix reddish brown rhizome of Glycyrrhiza glycyrrhizin about 5-  Flavoring agent increase fluids and
Liquiritiae while inner surface glabra 7% (saponin like for Aloe , sodium retention so
‫العرقسوس‬ yellowish brown glycoside).It is the Quinine , decrease potassium
Sweet roots Odor : slight known as Spanish sodium and calcium Chocolates and ,so a person with
Taste : sweet Liquorice salts of others. cardiac problems
glycyrrhizinic acid  Anti- and hypertension
Family Leguminosae which is 50 times as inflammatory must avoid
(Fabaceae). sweet as sugar. activity –used in Liquorice.
Flavonoids – treatment of Pseudoaldosteronism
Liquiritin & peptic and leads to Na+
Isoliquiritin duodenal ulcers. retention
Proteins  Demulcent . (hypernatremia) and
Sugars (glucose K+ loss
,sucrose ). (hypokalemia) in
Bitter principle: addition to
glycyramarin hypertension
(abundant in the
outer tissue) and
responsible for the
bitterness of the
unpeeled drug.
GINGER Bright yellow or It is the dried rhizome of Volatile oil which 1- Condiment, Types of nausea relieved by
RHIZOME orange flowers Zingiber officinale contains mainly carminative and Ginger
Rhizomax Taste : bitter mixture of over than aromatic stimulant . Chemotherapy-related nausea
zingibeis Odour : without Family Zingiberaceae. 50 constituents as 2- Recently used as Motion sickness
‫ ريزومة‬scent follows: powerful antiemetic, Postoperative nausea
‫الجنزبيل‬ Monoterpenes it may improve the Pregnancy-related nausea
 (camphene, citral, symptoms of motion
borneol, …etc.), sickness in the
Sesquiterpene gastrointestinal tract
hydrocarbons (as due to its direct
zingibrene) and action on the wall of
sesquiterpene the stomach which
alcohol zingibrol leads to its
(which is relaxation.
responsible for the 3- It has anti
aroma of the oil). ulcerative activity.
The pungent taste of 4- A strong
the drug is due to a antibacterial and
gingerol which is antifungal action has
odorless but has been demonstrated.
intensely pungent
taste.
Starch and
mucilage.
TURMERIC Taste: Turmeric has It consists of the prepared  Volatile oil. powerful anti- - Turmeric is safe and non-
RHIZOMES a warm, bitter taste. rhizomes of Curcuma  Several inflammatory in toxic for most patients, It
Curcuma Some what sharp longa L. colouring both the Chinese has been shown to have
rhizome taste. matters known and Indian systems diverse biological effects in
‫ ريزومة‬Color : Family Zingiberaceae. as of medicine. humans and animals.
‫الكركم‬ yellow/brown “curcuminoids” Turmeric was - Turmeric/curcumin is a
powder. the most major traditionally called potent anti-inflammatory
 It has a slight of which is "Indian saffron" and antioxidant. Potent as
earthy flavor “curcumin”. because of its deep an anticancer agent.
and little aroma.  Resin. yellow-orange color - Stomach upset (dyspepsia).
it is used as a main  starch. and has been used - Osteoarthritis. Some
ingredient in curry. throughout history research shows that taking
as a condiment, some turmeric extracts can
healing remedy and reduce the pain caused by
textile dye. osteoarthritis of the knee.