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ARTS
QUARTER 1 – MODULE 5

MELC: Compare the characteristics of artworks produced in the different

art periods.

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PART I.

1. Introduction
In the previous lesson you have learned the different sculptures of Western and Classical
Period. This time you explore the architectures of Western and Classical Period.
Western architecture is marked by a series of new solutions to structural problems. During the
period from the beginning of civilization through ancient Greek culture, construction methods progressed
from the most primitive shed roof and simple truss to the vertical posts, or columns, supporting horizontal
beams, or lintels. Greek architecture also formalized many structural and decorative elements into three
Classical orders—Ionic, Doric, and Corinthian—which, to a greater or lesser extent, have influenced
architecture since that time. The Romans exploited the arch, vault, and dome and made broader use of the
load-bearing masonry wall. In the late medieval period, the pointed arch, ribbing, and pier systems
gradually emerged.
2. Discussion
Pre-Historic Architectures
Humans have developed a form of architecture based on megaliths (a big rock) from the Greek
word lithos (stone) and megas (big). This architecture was probably intended for burial purposes.There
are three types of Megalith Stones

Menhir
A huge stone standing vertically on the grounds, commonly
in the middle of the field or arranges in rows.

Figures 1. https://tinyurl.com/yjdt2n6y

Dolmens
Originated from the expression taol maen meaning stone
table. It is believed that is served as grave or as an altar.

Figures 2. https://tinyurl.com/yjdt2n6y

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 Cromlech
A Brythonic word where crom means “bent” or “curved”
and llech means “Slab” or “flagstones”. Literally it is a
circle of standing stones.

Figures 3. https://tinyurl.com/yjdt2n6y

Ancient Egypt Architecture

The Egyptian architecture has the following characteristics: thick sloping walls with few
openings to obtain stability; the exterior and interior walls along with columns and piers were covered
with hieroglyphics and pictorial frescoes and carvings painted in brilliant colors; ornamentations were
symbolic scarab (sacred beetle), solar disk, vulture, and common motifs (palm leaves, buds, flower of
lotus, and papyrus plants); and temples were aligned with astronomically important events like solstices
(comes from the Latin word Sol meaning “sun” and stitium meaning “stoppage” as the sun appears to
stand still on the first day of winter and equinox ( a time or date when day and night are of equal length.

PYRAMID OF GIZA
Funerary structures in limestone and granite
of the three kings of the 4th Dynasty
namely: Khufu (Cheops), Khafa (Chepren)
and Menkaura (Mycerinus).

Figure 4. https://tinyurl.com/28kp4nb5

EGYPTIAN TEMPLES
Served as places of residence of the gods
and key centres of economic activity and
official worship of the gods. Materials used
were wood, reed matting and mud brick.

Figure 5. https://tinyurl.com/sxd9f6xjhttps

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 MASTABA
Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-roofed,
rectangular structure with outward sloping
sides made of mud-bricks or stones
marked as burial sites of many eminent
Egyptians.
Figure 6. https://tinyurl.com/b5c3mu7x

Greek Architecture

Temples comprised of a central shrine or room in an aisle surrounded by rows or columns. These buildings
were designed in one of three architectural style or orders: Doric, Ionic and Corinthian.
THE PARTHENON
(constructed by 447 BC and completed
on 432 BC in Athens, Greece by
Architects Iktinos and Callicrates along
with a Sculptor named Phidias)
Greatest classical temple dedicated to the
goddess Athena, engineered to correct an
optical illusion and served a practical
purpose as the city treasury.
Figure 7. https://tinyurl.com/kntz2u46

Roman Architecture

They constructed sturdy stone structures both for the use and to perpetuate their glory. The
emperors erected huge halls and arenas for public games, baths, and procession. They built these oversize
arches of stone, bricks and concrete, or with barrel vaults.

THE COLOSSEUM
(70-82 AD in Rome, Italy)
An oval Amphitheatre built of travertine
limestone, tuff (volcanic rock) and brick-
faced concrete used for gladiatorial
contests and public spectacles.

Figure 8. https://tinyurl.com/4fvu3f6

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Byzantine Architecture
Byzantine Architecture has a lot in common with the early Christian architecture. Mosaic
decoration was perfected by the Byzantines as was the use of clerestory to bring light in from high windows
and its advancement in developing the dome created a new style in global architecture.

HAGIA SOPHIA
(Holy Wisdom in Istanbul, Turkey
designed by Isidore of Miletus and
Anthemius of Tralles in 537 BC)
Structure has Ashlar brick and mortar
joints and is of masonry construction
which is one of the biggest domes ever
created and constructed originally as a
church but transformed into a mosque.

Figure 9. https://tinyurl.com/yxsa33km

Romanesque Architecture

The doorways of Romanesque’s churches are often grand sculptured portals. Wood or metal doors are
surrounded by decorative stone sculptures arranged in zones to fit architectural elements.

THE GROIN-VAULTED CRYPT

OF WORCESTER CATHEDRAL
(rebuilt by Alexander Mason between
1224 and 1269 and finished by John
Clyve from 1360)
Grand sculpted portals in the
doorways of Worcester Cathedral.

Figure 10. https://tinyurl.com/427vrzvv

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 Gothic Architecture
Gothic Architecture included two new devices: pointed arch which enabled builders to build
much higher ceiling vaults and stone vaulting borne on a network of stone ribs supported by piers and
clustered pillars.

CATHEDRAL OF CHARTRES
(1145-1260)
The first high Gothic cathedral with
thousands of sculpted figures and
splendid stained-glass windows.

Figure 11. https://tinyurl.com/npcbkzjz

3. Readings
The 3 Orders of Ancient Greek Architecture
The Doric order of Greek architecture was first seen towards the beginning of
the 7th century BCE, causing many to think of it as the oldest order, as well
as the simplest and most massive. Doric columns were stouter than those of
the Ionic or Corinthian orders. Doric-style columns were typically placed
close together, often without bases, with concave curves sculpted into the shafts. Doric column capitals
were plain with a rounded section at the bottom (the echinus) and a square at the top (abacus).

The Ionic Order originated in Ionia, a coastal region of what is now called
Turkey, which is where it gets its name. It is characterized mainly by the
scroll-like ornaments that appear on Ionic column capitals known as volutes,
as well as the column base supports that are not featured on Doric columns.

Unlike the Doric and Ionic orders, the Corinthian Order does not have its
origin in wooden architecture, having grown directly out of the Ionic Order
in the mid-5th century BCE. Taking its name from the city of Corinth, the
Corinthian Order can be distinguished from the Ionic Order by its more ornate
capitals carved with stylized acanthus leaves. On the Corinthian entablature,
the frieze was usually decorated with continual sculptural reliefs, where the
figures were raised from the surface but not completely freestanding.

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PART II. Activity Proper
Activity 1
Direction: Identify the different architectural buildings from Neoclassical and Romantic Period.

1._________________________ 2. _________________________

3._________________________ 4. _________________________

5._________________________ 6. _________________________

7._________________________ 8. _________________________
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Activity 2

Direction: Loop the given words that are connected to the Western and Classical Art in the grid.
Copy and Answer in a separate sheet

HORIZONTAL VERTICAL DIAGONAL

1. Cathedral 1. Menhir 1. Ionic

2. Corinthian 2. Colosseum 2. Parthenon

3. Cromlech 3. Doric 3. Mastaba

4. Pyramid

M A V E O F L A S C A U X U L B A Y T B H K I O L L

A A E M A P Y R A M I D R E F A D V E R E J R D F A

B F S P H A R E M B H I F D V L C E S F A V R E C S

N Q U T E N N E F E R T I T I B F D D M D N R S E D

K C S R A T U I C A T H E D R A L S R Y A E D S D O

M G O R U B O P N S E A O E V D Y E M Y D S O C E R

O O F L X Q A E R I O P L D E E T D E T S A T F D I

L V C O R I N T H I A N T I D S U F N R S R Y A A C

F C I F L S E E C E Y N R R T C I G H R P C T E B E

T E L L E N S C O T B E D D E H A G I A S O P H I A

I E L F T U O E L B N L I O N N S R R I E P C O A A

N W E O O O V T O C R O M L E C H T E E V H N P T E

H D N R O B N M S M Y I O P V G H J O M M I R T S A

J E D N H U I N S L A S T J U E G M E N C G V R T U

K T O T R T U I E N O M B O N C U V B R E U F R H J

W R R R F Y O P U V B I N O O R E M A P E S B C S F

E F F F G B I N M M Y T N D E R E D N I M I I I Y P

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KEY TO CORRECTIONS

Activity 1
1. Hagia Sophia 5. Menhir
2. The Groin-Vaulted Crypt 6. Mastaba
of Worcester Cathedral 7. The Colosseum
3. Parthenon 8. Pyramid of Giza
4. Egyptian Temples

Activity 2

M A V E O F L A S C A U X U L B A Y T B H K I O L L

A A E M A P Y R A M I D R E F A D V E R E J R D F A

B F S P H A R E M B H I F D V L C E S F A V R E C S

N Q U T E N N E F E R T I T I B F D D M D N R S E D

K C S R A T U I C A T H E D R A L S R Y A E D S D O

M G O R U B O P N S A O E V D Y E M Y D S O C E R

O O F L X Q A E R I O P L D E E T D E T S A T F D I

L V C O R I N T H I A N T I D S U F N R S R Y A A C

F C I F L S E E C E Y N R R T C I G H R P C T E B E

T E L L E N S C O T B E D D E H A G I A S O P H I A

I E L F T U O E L B N L I O N N S R R I E P C O A A

N W E O O O V T O C R O M L E C H T E E V H N P T E

H D N R O B N M S M Y I O P V G H J O M M I R T S A

J E D N H U I N S L A S T J U E G M E N C G V R T U

K T O T R T U I E N O M B O N C U V B R E U F R H J

W R R R F Y O P U V B I N O O R E M A P E S B C S F

E F F F G B I N M M Y T N D E R E D N I M I I I Y P

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PART III. SUMMATIVE EVALUATION
A. Direction: Identify the following architectural style whether PRE-HISTORIC, ANCIENT EGYPT,
GREEK, ROMAN, BYZANTINE, ROMANESQUE OR GOTHIC.
_____________1. Hagia Sophia _____________6. Cathedral of Chartres
_____________2. Mastaba _____________7. Pyramid of Giza
_____________3. Dolmens _____________8. Menhir
_____________4. Doric _____________9. The Colosseum
_____________5. The Parthenon _____________10. The Groin-Vaulted Crypt

B. Direction: Decode the letters to get the hidden words below.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13
Q W E R T Y U I O P A S D F

14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
G H J K L Z X C V B N M

Note: Number 26 means space

___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___

25 8 11 0 6 2
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
25 2 14 10 18 7 4 15 11
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
4 10 8 10 26 25 10 2 24
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
10 25 9 7 4 15 2 10 4 3 2
___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___ ___
10 3 21 15 7 4 2 21 4 6 3 2

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C. Direction: Describe and compare the different architectural characteristics of Western and Classical Art
Periods. Copy the diagram and Answer in a separate sheet. A rubric will be used to rate your answer.

Prehistori
c
Architect
ure Ancient
Gothic Egypt
Architecture Architect
ure

Western
and
Romanesq Classical Ancient
ue Art Greek
Architectu Architect
re ure

Ancinet
Byzantine
Roman
Architect
Architect
ure
ure

Rubric

CRITERIA 5 4 3 2 1 Total
Ideas and Substantial, Sufficiently Limited Limited There is no
Content specific develop content with content with clear or
and/or content with adequate adequate specific
illustrative adequate elaboration elaboration explanation
content elaboration or or of the
demonstrating or explanation. explanation. answer.
strong (deep) explanation Specific More
analysis of the information specific
topic. is needed to information
follow the is needed to
directions follow the
more directions
closely. more closely
Writing Most sentence Many Some A few Sentences
Sentence varied in sentences sentences sentences were short
Fluency length and varied in varied in varied in and did not
structure. length and length and length. Most flow well.
Writing had a structure. structure. sentence did Sentences
natural flow Some Some flow structure did
that ae it easy sentences sentences smoothly not change
to read. flow did flow
smoothly smoothly.

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References:

A. Books

Mary Grace J. Badiola, Mary Ann C. Vecino, Danilo S. Duyan, Mae B. Bongcawil, Jenny C.
Mendoza, Ace Sauden B. Pambuan, Lourdes R. Siobal, 2014, A Journey Through Western Music and
Arts 9, Philippines: Department of Education, pp. 135-186

B. Online and Other Sources

https://architecturecompetitions.com/the-3-orders-of-ancient-greek-architecture
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prehistoric_art
http://www.visual-arts-cork.com/ancient-art.htm
https://www.theartstory.org/movement/classical-greek-and-roman-art/history-and-concepts/
https://www.scribd.com/document/471691513/arts9-module

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 DIVISION SELF LEARNING MODULES (SLM)
ARTS 9 - QUARTER 1 – MODULE 5
ANSWER KEY: SUMMATIVE EVALUATION

A.
1. BYZANTINE
2. ANCIENT EGYPT
3. PRE-HISTORIC
4. GREEK
5. GREEK
6. GOTHIC
7. ANCIENT EGYPT
8. PRE-HISTORIC
9. ROMAN
10. ROMANESQUE

B.
1. MOSQUE
2. MEGALITHS
3. TAOL MAEN
4. AMPITHEATRE
5. ARCHITECTURE

C. Refer to the criteria

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