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9
Arts
Quarter 1, Wk.3- Module 2
Western Classical Art Traditions
 Department of Education ● Republic of the Philippines

What This Module is About

Welcome to “Western Classical Art Traditions”, an online and offline module in

Arts for Grade 9 learners of the Department of Education. This module aims to be as
inclusive as possible during this trying times of the Covid19 pandemic, with series of
activities that would cater the needs of learners who have internet access and
smartphones and those who are unable to have access and aid of technology.

Even before humans learned to read and write, they were already artists as
manifested by the different archeological discoveries from the different parts of the
world.
Pre-historic art is classified into three periods such as; Paleolithic (Old Stone
Age), Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) and Neolithic (New Stone Age) Eras.

Egyptian Civilization was one of the early civilizations that greatly contributed
in the development of art, religion, science and technology of the world. Egyptian art
is said to be religious in nature.

Ancient Greek art depicts naturalism. They portray human forms in a realistic
and anatomically precise manner. Their art has conservative form with a very
complex detail.

Roman art developed as a new source of artistic creativity and more

progressive than that of conservative Greek art. The diverse form and variety of the
Romans inspired the modern attitude in art.

Byzantine art was purposely made to glorify the Christian Religion and to
express its mystery. It is filled with spiritual symbolism and illustrates a love of
splendor. It was a combination of Eastern (decorative art forms) and classical
Western art (naturalistic art).

Romanesque art was characterized by its vigorous style in painting and

sculpture, lavishly decorated manuscripts and retained many basic features of
Roman architectural styles. It was also greatly influenced by Byzantine art with a
highly innovative and coherent style.

The basic characteristics of Gothic art styles reinforce symbolic meanings.

The church symbolizes the transcendence of the soul and the underlying philosophy
is to create buildings of height and light.

Different eras, different styles, characteristics and functions of arts occurred

but all of those contributed in the development and established the importance of
arts in our lives today.
 i

OBJECTIVES:

At the end of this module, the learners are expected to:

➢ Analyze art elements and principles in the production of work following the
style of a western and classical art.
➢ Identify distinct characteristics of arts during the different art periods.
➢ Identify representative artworks and artists from various art periods.

What I Know

PRE-TEST
To assess what you know about the musical elements during the Medieval,
Renaissance and Baroque Periods, answer the following activities.

PART I. MATCHING TYPE.

Instructions: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter only.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

______ 1. PRE-HISTORIC A. Pointed arch and stone vaulting

______ 2. ROMAN B. Doric, Ionic and Corinthian Architectural Styles

______ 3. EGYPTIAN C. Dome created a new style in global architecture

______ 4. ROMANESQUE D. Pyramids and Temples of substantial structures

______ 5. GOTHIC E. Megalith Stones (Menhir, Dolmens & Cromlech)

F. Huge halls and arenas for public games & baths

G. Doorways are often grand sculpted portals

Iv
 Representative Artworks and
Lesson Artists from various Art Periods
1
What I Need to Know

OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the learners will be able to;

➢ Analyze art elements and principles in the production of work following the style of a
western and classical art.
➢ Identify distinct characteristics of arts during the different art periods.
➢ Identify representative artworks and artists from various art periods.

What’s New

ACTIVITY 1. “PAINTINGS, SCULPTURES OR ARCHITECTURE”

Direction: There are several artworks that represent the different periods. Identify
whether the artwork is a Painting, Sculpture or Architecture and try to also guess
which period it represents. Refer to the discussions on “What Is It” in Lesson 1 of this
module. Complete the table below:
ARTWORK: ART FORM: PERIOD OR ERA:

1.

2.
3.
1

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.

10.

What Is It
NAME OF ARTWORK /
ARTIST
PRE – HISTORIC
1. Cave of Lascaux (discovered
by Marcel Ravidat in Montignac,
France on September 12, 1940)
2. Venus of Willendorf (found
on August 07, 1908 by a work
man named Josef Szombathy in
Willendorf, Lower Austria)
3. Venus of Brassempouy
(discovered in a cave at
Brassempouy, France in 1892)
4. Menhir
5. Dolmens
6. Cromlech
EGYPTIAN
1. The Sarcophagus of
Tutankhamen (discovered by
Howard Carter on November 04,
1922 in the valley of the King,
Egypt)
2. Queen Nefertiti Bust
(created in 1345 BC by
Thutmose in Ancient Egypt and
was discovered in Amarna on
December 06, 1912 by German
Oriental Society)
3. Statue of Pharaoh
Menkaure and his Queen
2
ART FORM DESCRIPTION / PURPOSE / FUNCTION
AND MATERIALS USED
Has nearly 2,000 figures composed
PAINTING
mainly of large animals native in the
region, human figures and abstract
design painted in a cave as a way of
communicating each other.
Carved from oolitic limestone showing
heavy breast and large abdomen
SCULPTURE believed to be a charm to ensure
fertility.
A sculpture carved from a mammoth
ivory that showed a lady with the hood
which represents the human face and
hairstyle
A huge stone standing vertically on the
ground usually standing on the middle
of the field or arranged in rows
Believed to be a structure where people
buried their dead
ARCHITECTURE Stone table consisting of two huge
standing stones supporting a horizontal
giant stone which served as grave or as
an altar.
Circle of standing stones considered as
a temple where rituals were held
Painted on the walls of the tomb of King
Tutankhamen in the XVIII Dynasty and
shows the life of the king while he was
PAINTING still on earth and the scenes he expects
to encounter in the underworld after his
death.
A painted stucco-coated limestone bust
of the Great Royal Wife of Egyptian
Pharaoh Akhenaten.
Most copied works of ancient Egypt
SCULPTURE
Carved in a smooth-grained dark stone
called greywacke or schist that created
(discovered by George Reisner
on January 18, 1910)
4. Pyramids of Giza (2580 –
2560 BC)
5. Egyptian Temples
6. Mastaba
GREEK
1. Judgement of Paris (575-
550 BC)
2. Pitsa Panel (540 – 530 BC)
Discovered during the 1930s in
a cave near the village of Pitsa
3. Tomb of the Diver (built in
470 BC and was found by the
Italian archaeologist Mario
Napoli on June 03, 1968 in
Campania, Southern Italy)
4. The Discobolus (created on
460 – 450 BC by Myron of
Eleutherae, an Athenian
Sculptor known for his bronze
artworks of athletes)
5. The Parthenon (constructed
by 447 BC and completed on
432 BC in Athens, Greece by
Architects Iktinos and Callicrates
along with a Sculptor named
Phidias)
ROMAN
1. Head of Alexander (100 BC)
2. Boscotrecase, Pompeii
a sense of eternity and immortality.
Funerary structures in limestone and
ARCHITECTURE
granite of the three kings of the 4th
Dynasty namely: Khufu (Cheops),
Khafa (Chepren) and Menkaura
(Mycerinus).
3
Served as places of residence of the
gods and key centres of economic
activity and official worship of the gods.
Materials used were wood, reed matting
and mud brick
Egyptian tomb in the form of a flat-
roofed, rectangular structure with
outward sloping sides made of mud-
bricks or stones marked as burial sites
of many eminent Egyptians.
Painted on an amphora, a black figure
pottery from Attica which displayed the
veneration of gods and heroes in their
representation of myths.
Earliest known panel painting on thin
wooden boards or panels covered with
stucco (plaster) and painted with
mineral pigments which depict religious
PAINTING
scenes connected with the cult of the
nymphs.
It is a grave made of five local
limestone slabs forming the four lateral
walls and the roof and slabs carefully
bonded with plaster considered as only
example of Greek painting with figured
scenes.
Figuring a youthful ancient Greek
athlete throwing a discus in which
original sculpture was made of Bronze
SCULPTURE but was lost, some copies were made
out of marble and smaller replicas were
made of bronze.
Greatest classical temple dedicated to
the goddess Athena, engineered to
ARCHITECTURE correct an optical illusion and served a
practical purpose as the city treasury.
Mosaic illustrates a battle in which
Alexander charges the Persian King
Darius in the Battle of Issus.
PAINTING
Fresco landscape painting believed to
depict a ceremonial rite, either a
marriage or an initiation of a woman in
a mystery cult.
3. The Portonacio
Sarcophagus
4. Sarcophagus from Cervetiri
(late 6th century BC)
5. The Colosseum (70-82 AD in
Rome, Italy)
BYZANTINE
1. The Empress Theodora
(found in Basilica of San Vitale
in Italy)
2. The Barberini Diptych
(Louvre Museum)
3. Hagia Sophia (Holy Wisdom
in Istanbul, Turkey designed by
Isidore of Miletus and
Anthemius of Tralles in 537 BC)
ROMANESQUE
1. Christ in Majesty (Circa
1123 by an artist named Master
of Taull located in Barcelona)
2. Last Judgement (carved by
Gislebertus before 1135 in
Cathedral of Saint-Lazare in
Autun, France)
3. The Norman Crypt of
Worcester Cathedral (rebuilt by
Alexander Mason between 1224
and 1269 and finished by John
Clyve from 1360)
GOTHIC
1. Lady and the Unicorn
Tapestry (1506 - 1513)
2. Rose window from the
North transept (designed by
Jean De Chelles and Pierre de
Montreull in 1260)
3. The Shepherd David (13th
century)
Carved in marble and used for the
SCULPTURE
burial of Roman General involved in the
campaign of Marcus Aurellius which
depicts battle scenes between Romans
and Germans.
Made of Terra-Cotta showing a
husband and wife reclining comfortably
as if they were on a couch.
4
An oval amphitheatre built of travertine
ARCHITECTURE
limestone, tuff (volcanic rock) and brick-
faced concrete used for gladiatorial
contests and public spectacles.
PAINTING Mosaic of an Asian Queen with dark
eyes and hair with fierce expression.
It represents the emperor Justinian I as
SCULPTURE
triumphant victor which consisted of five
ivory plaques fitted together.
Structure has Ashlar brick and mortar
ARCHITECTURE
joints and is of masonry construction
which is one of the biggest domes ever
created and constructed originally as a
church but transformed into a mosque.
Spanish Fresco transferred into a
PAINTING
canvas in which Christ is depicted in full
frontal view with the gospels in his left
and his right hand blessing the viewers
and was surrounded by the mandorla
(almond-shaped frame).
SCULPTURE
Displayed in the tympanum covered
with plaster and its centre Christ is
enthroned in a gloriole held by angels.
Grand sculpted portals in the doorways
ARCHITECTURE of Worcester Cathedral.
Series of six tapestries created in the
style of thousand flowers, often
considered as one of the greatest works
of art of the Middle Ages in Europe.
Stained glass windows created to
transform the vast stone interiors with
PAINTING warm and glowing colour.
Gothic manuscript illustration which
shows some realistic detail and naïve
naturalism.
4. Pulpit of Pisa Cathedral
(sculpted between 1301 and
1310 by Giovanni Pisano)
5. Cathedral of Chartres or
Notre Dame Cathedral (1145-
1260)
What’s More
ACTIVITY 2. “IMBESTIGADOR!!”
One of the most iconographically dense
SCULPTURE
works of art in the history of art in Italy.
Crowded it with figures from the Old
and New Testament.
The first high Gothic cathedral with
ARCHITECTURE
thousands of sculpted figures and
splendid stained glass windows.
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Direction: Identify the artworks and name the artist behind it. Refer your answer to
“What Is It” on this module.

1. 2.

3. 4. 5. 6.

7. 8.

What I Have Learned

ACTIVITY 3. “I KNOW THOSE MAGIC WORDS”

Direction: Identify the name of the artwork being described in the statement below.
The magic words in the statements will help you identify the artwork easily.

__________________ 1. Mosaic that depicts the battle between the armies of

Alexander the Great and Darius III of Persia.

__________________ 2. Representation of the three kings of the 4 th Dynasty:

Khufu, Khafa and Menkaura.
__________________ 3. Architectural design used for gladiatorial contests and
public spectacles.

__________________ 4. A pre-historic sculpture believed to be a charm for fertility.

__________________ 5. Earliest known panel painting during the Greek era.

What I Can Do

ACTIVITY 4. “RESEARCH MASTER”

Direction: Given some of the sample artworks and artists on this module, research
more artists and their artworks representative to the different art periods. Follow the
format below:

PERIOD/ERA:

NAME OF ARTWORK:

PHOTO NAME OF ARTIST:

DESCRIPTION:

MATERIALS USED:

Summary
This module aims to develop the critical thinking skills and analysing abilities
of the learners through various activities which aid in achieving the competency of
the week which is to identify the representative artworks and artist from various art
periods.
Western classical arts were classified into three timelines; Ancient Arts which
includes Pre-Historic and Egyptian Eras, Classical Arts through Greek and Roman
Eras and Medieval Arts which was represented by Byzantine, Romanesque and
Gothic Eras.
Most of the artworks of the pre-historic eras remained as discovered
archaeological artefacts and were not easy to understand. Archaeologists believed
that these artworks of the primitive people were their way of expressing their
experiences in their daily life and as a way of communicating with each other.
Egyptian art are a combination geometric regularity and keen observation of nature
and were created for the gods, priests and kings found in tombs, temples, paintings
and statues.
Greek art style was a taste of Western realism or naturalism. Artists have
studied accurate anatomy, physics and optics and techniques in carving, painting,
building, gold-working and ceramics. Roman artists tried to reproduce realistic
artworks with architecture designed to reflect the power of the city with local
traditions to form their own styles and traditions.
Byzantine art was the meeting place for the Greek and oriental culture with
emphasis on Christian subjects. Romanesque style evolved in the first third of the
12th century and is a complete realization of religious and social functions with
architectural program greatly influenced by Byzantine art with a highly innovative and
coherent style. Gothic art styles reinforce symbolic meanings with church symbolizes
the transcendence of the soul and the underlying philosophy which is to create
buildings of height and light.
6

Assessment: (Post-Test)

PART I. MATCHING TYPE.

Direction: Match Column A with Column B. Write the letter only.

COLUMN A COLUMN B

______ 1. PRE-HISTORIC A. Pointed arch and stone vaulting

______ 2. ROMAN B. Doric, Ionic and Corinthian Architectural Styles

______ 3. EGYPTIAN C. Dome created a new style in global architecture

______ 4. ROMANESQUE D. Pyramids and Temples of substantial structures

______ 5. GOTHIC E. Megalith Stones (Menhir, Dolmens & Cromlech)

F. Huge halls and arenas for public games & baths

G. Doorways are often grand sculpted portals