Department of ECE, RIT

Simple clap switch

Mini Project report submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the
award of the degree of

Bachelor of Technology
in
Electronics and Communication Engineering
By

T.V.S.S.Amrutha T.Ravi Teja

183J1A04E3 183J1A04E5
T.Bhargav Sai T.Srinu
183J1A04E4 183J1A04E6

Under the Esteemed Guidance of

PROF. P. SATISH RAMA CHOWDARY, PhD

Vice Principal & HOD

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING
RAGHU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY
AUTONOMOUS
Approved by AICTE, New Delhi, and Permanently Affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada
Accredited by NBA and NAAC with 'A' Grade, Listed u/s 2(f) & 12(B) of UGC Act 1956
Dakamarri (V), Bheemili (M), Visakhapatnam-531162, Andhra Pradesh
2020
 Department of ECE, RIT

RAGHU INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

AUTONOMOUS
Dakamarri (V), Bheemili (M), Visakhapatnam-531162, Andhra Pradesh

DEPARTMENT OF
ELECTRONICS AND COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the Mini project report entitled “Title of the project” being submitted
by T. V. S. S. Amrutha (183J1A04E3), T. Bhargav Sai (183J1A04E4), T. Ravi Teja
(183J1A04E5), T. Srinu (183J1A04E6), in the partial fulfillment for the award of the
Degree of Bachelor of Technology in Electronics and Communication Engineering to the
Jawaharlal Nehru Technological University, Kakinada is a record of bona fide work
carried out under my guidance and supervision.
The results embodied in this Mini project report have not been submitted to any other
University or Institute for the award of any Degree or Diploma.

Project guide
HOD

P. V. K. Durga Prasad
M.Tech,Phd Prof. P. Satish Rama Chowdary,
M. Tech, PhD
Vice Principal & HOD

EXTERNAL EXAMINER
 Department of ECE, RIT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
Apart from the efforts from us, the success of any project depends largely on the
encouragement and guidelines of many others. We take this opportunity to express our
gratitude to the people who have been instrumental in the successful completion of this
project.
We take immense pleasure in thanking Sri. Kalidindi Raghu, Chairman of
Raghu Educational Institutions for having permitted as to carry out this project work.

We also take immense pleasure in thanking Sri. Kalidindi Rahul, Vice-

Chairman of Raghu Educational Institutions for having permitted as to carry out this
project work.

We also take immense pleasure in thanking Prof. S. Satyanarayana, Ph. D,

Principal, of Raghu Institute of Technology who had been source of inspiration and for
his kind permission to use the infrastructure in the college and carry out the project work
in the college.
As a token of our feeling, we would like to acknowledge my sincere thanks to
Prof. P.S.R. Chowdary, PhD, Vice Principal and Head of the Department of Electronics
& Communication Engineering of Raghu Institute of Technology for allowing us to take
up this project.
We also take immense pleasure in thanking our project supervisor
Mr.P.V.K.Durgaprasad, M.Tech, PhD of Electronics & Communication Engineering of
Raghu Institute of Technology who had been source of inspiration and for his kindly
guidance in the conduct of our project and having permitted us to carry out this project
work. We wish to express our deep sense of gratitude to teaching staff and non-
teaching staff of our ECE department for their help and wishes for the successful
completion of this project.
Finally, at importantly, we would like to express our heart full thanks to our beloved
Parents for their blessings, our friends/classmates for their help and wishes for the
successful completion of this project.
T.V.S.S.Amrutha -183J1A04E3
T.Bhargav Sai -183J1A04E4
 Department of ECE, RIT

T.Ravi Teja -183J1A04E5

T.Srinu -183J1A04E6

DECLARATION
We hereby declare that the Mini Project work entitled “Simple Clap Switch” is
being submitted to Raghu Institute of Technology, permanently affiliated to
JNTUK - KAKINADA, in partial fulfilment for the award of degree in B. Tech in
the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering. The work was
originally designed and executed under the guidance of our guide
Mr.P.V.K.Durgaprasad, M.Tech, PhD and was not a duplication of work done
by someone else. We hold the responsibility of the originality of the work
incorporated in this thesis.

T.V.S.S.Amrutha -183J1A04E3
T.Bhargav Sai -183J1A04E4
 Department of ECE, RIT

T.Ravi Teja -183J1A04E5

T.Srinu -183J1A04E6
 Department of ECE, RIT

ABSTRACT

CLAP SWTCH is a switch which can switch on/off any electrical circuit by the sound of the
clap. The basic idea of dap switch is that the electric microphone picks up the sound of your
claps, coughs and the sound of that book knocked off the table. It produces a small electrical
signal which is amplified by the succeeding transistor stage. Two transistors cross connected
as a bi-stable multi-vibrator change state at each signal. One of these transistors is heaver
transistor which controls a lamp.
 Department of ECE, RIT

CONTENTS

• Components required

• Circuit diagram

• Working of circuit

• Advantages

• Disadvantages

• Result

• Conclusion

• References
 Department of ECE, RIT

COMPONENTS REQUIRED

i. IC 4017 -1

ii. IC 741 -1

iii. Resistors(10K) -2

iv. Resistors(1K) -4

v. RED LED -1

vi. Diode (1N4007) -1

vii. Green LED -1

viii. Microphone -1

ix. Relay(9v) -1

x. BC547 -1

xi. variable resistor(10k) -1

xii. Battery / Adapter(9V) -1

 Department of ECE, RIT

1. CD4017 IC :
It is a CMOS divider or a counter IC. On receiving an external clock signal it turns ON
(say all together 10 lights) all the lights in a sequential manner. It consists of input pins
3 in number and output pins 10 in number and a GND.
1.1 Output pins:
 Pins 1 to 7 and 9 to 11 are outputs pins.
 These pins changes to ‘high’ level one by one (one after another) in a
sequence. For each clock signal each pin goes high in a sequence.
1.2 Enable pins :
 Enable pin enables the CD4017 IC. IC is enabled when the pin is active low.
 In order to disable or switch off the IC, this pin should be connected to active
high input. When this pin is active high, it ignores the clock signals.
1.3 Clock pin:
 Clock signal provided to 14th is responsible for sequential output.
 When the first clock pulse is detected pin 3 goes, for next clock pulse pin2
goes high, like this sequence is formed.
 The important thing to remember is, if we don’t connect any clock signal to
this input pin, it must be connected to either positive or negative voltage
supply.
 It is not left unconnected as per the CMOS input standard rules.
 The clock input pin (pin number 14) responds only to the positive voltage
signal or positive clock
1.4 Reset pin:
 Reset pin resets the output of the sequence. That is the current state of the
output sequence is set to initial state.
 Reset pin should be connected to ground in order to reset the circuit.
 Department of ECE, RIT

1.5 Ground pin:

 Pin number 8 acts as ground and it must be connected to negative supply
voltage & pin number 16 is the supply pin for CD4017 and it is connected to
positive voltage supply.
1.6 Carry Out pin:
 The pin 12 is supplied with the CARRY OUT signal. It completes one full
cycle for every 10 clock cycles. This is used to ‘ripple’ the IC, which means
to delay in counting operations.

Figure 1.1
2 741 IC :
An operational amplifier, also called as an op-amp or op amp, is an integrated circuit
primarily designed for performing analogue computations. It has a very high voltage
gain, typically of the order of 104 (100dB).

1.1 Pin4 & Pin7 (Power Supply):

 Pin7 is the positive voltage supply terminal and Pin4 is the negative voltage
supply terminal. The 741 IC draws in power for its operation from these pins.
 The voltage between these two pins can be anywhere between 5V and 18V.
 Department of ECE, RIT

1.2 Pin6 (Output):

 This is the output pin of IC 741. The voltage at this pin depends on the
signals at the input pins and the feedback mechanism used.
 If the output is said to be high, it means that voltage at the output is equal to
positive supply voltage. Similarly, if the output is said to be low, it means
that voltage at the output is equal to negative supply voltage.
1.3 Pin2 & Pin3 (Input):
 These are input pins for the IC. Pin2 is the inverting input and Pin3 is the
non-inverting input. If the voltage at Pin2 is greater than the voltage at Pin3,
i.e., the voltage at inverting input is higher, the output signal stays low.
 Similarly, if the voltage at Pin3 is greater than the voltage at Pin2, i.e., the
voltage at non-inverting input is high, the output goes high.
1.4 Pin1 & Pin5 (Offset Null):
 Because of high gain provided by 741 Op-Amp, even slight differences in
voltages at the inverting and non-inverting inputs, caused due to irregularities in
manufacturing process or external disturbances, can influence the output. To
nullify this effect, an offset voltage can be applied at pin1 and pin5, and is
usually done using a potentiometer.
1.5 Pin8 (N/C):
 This pin is not connected to any circuit inside 741 IC. It’s just a dummy lead
used to fill the void space in standard 8 pin packages.

Figure 2.1
 Department of ECE, RIT

3 Resistors (1k,10k) :
 A resistor is a passive two-terminal electrical component that implements
electrical resistance as a circuit element.
 In electronic circuits, resistors are used to reduce current flow, adjust signal
levels, to divide voltages, bias active elements, and terminate transmission lines,
among other uses.

Figure 3.1
4 LED (red, green):
An LED is used to radiate light when it is power supplied.

Figure 4.1
5 1N4007 Diode :
A diode is an electronic component that acts similarly to a regulator or a switch.

Figure 5.1
 Department of ECE, RIT

6 Microphone :
 A microphone is a device, a transducer that converts sound into an electrical
signal.
 Here, the diaphragm acts as one plate of a capacitor, and the vibrations produce
changes in the distance between the plates.

Figure 6.1
7 Transistor (BC 547) :
A transistor is basically an electrically controlled switch. The BC547 is a NPN
transistor meaning when power is applied to the base (control pin) it will flow from the
collector to the emitter

Figure 7.1

8 Variable Resistor(10k) :
 Department of ECE, RIT

 A variable resistor works by adjusting the path that current has to flow. Inside the
resistor is a strip of metal or conducting ceramic which is connected to one part of
the circuit.
 The dial you turn will move another piece of wire inside the resistor. The end result
is that the electricity will travel through a certain length of the strip depending on
where you turn the knob.
 When the electricity goes through a longer path, it will encounter more resistance.

Figure 8.1
9 Relay :
A relay is a switching device, which is used to switch the circuit on when required and
switch off when required.
 Department of ECE, RIT

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
 Department of ECE, RIT

WORKING

Assume a human standing closer to the mic and clapping. This mic takes the sound energy
and converts it into an electrical signal and is given to the inverting input of IC 741. The
opamp here is configured as a comparator, meaning it is positioned to differentiate the
slightest of voltage differences across its two inputs.

When the clap sound hits the mic, a momentary drop of voltage is experienced at pin#2 of the
IC; this situation raises the voltage at pin#3 of the IC for that instant. As we know, with pin#3
at higher potential than pin#2 makes the output of the IC high, the condition puts the output of
the IC go high momentarily. Resistor R1, R2 and VR2 variable resistor adjust the sensitivity
of the amplifier. Resistor R3 set the sensitivity of Microphone

The output which is a clock signal is given as input to CD 4017 IC (pin 14). Now CD 4017 IC
starts counting from “0” until pin 14 goes high. On receiving input signal on the first clap,
pin3 (Q0) gets activated. LED 1 (d1) starts glowing. The switch circuit is controlled by a
relay and the output is obtained from pin3.

Similarly, on receiving another clap, pin2 (Q1) gets activated and the relay is activated and
the Light (or any load) is turned ON. The previously turned on LED is turned off.

On receiving clap sound for third time the pin4 (Q2) gets activated but this pin is fed to Reset
pin and hence the counter is reset and starts counting from Q0.

In this way for every three claps the process repeats.

 Department of ECE, RIT

APPLICATIONS

1. This circuit is helpful for you if you wish to ON and OFF the device or electrical
appliances through claps without moving from your place.
2. You can also control speed of the fan by connecting regulator with individual outputs
of CD4017.

ADVANTAGES

1. The primary application involves an elderly or mobility impaired person.

2. We can turn something (e8. a lamp) on and off from any location in the room (e-g.
while lying in the bed) simply by clapping our hands.
3. Low cost and reliable circuit.
4. Complete elimination of man power.
5. The other use of this circuit is that there is no fear of the electrical shocks as you are
not required to touch any of the mechanical switches physically.

DISADVANTAGES

1. It is generally cumbersome to have to cap one's hands to turn something on or off and it
is generally seen as simpler for most use cases to use a traditional light switch.
2. Unless we use a filter in the circuit, it is not that advantageous. So, that circuit activates
only for clap of particular frequencies and then it becomes accurate.
 Department of ECE, RIT

RESULT
 Department of ECE, RIT

CONCLUSION

• The resulting device is realizable, has good reliability and it's relatively inexpensive.

• Assemble the circuit on a Bread Board and enclose it in a suitable box.

• This circuit is very useful in field of electronic circuits.

REFERENCES
 https://www.homemade-circuits.com/make-simple-electronic-clap-switch
 http://mycircuitvision.com/clap-switch
 https://www.electronicshub.org/ic-4017-decade-counter
 https://www.elprocus.com/what-is-a-clap-switch-circuit-diagram-its-working
 https://www.electronicshub.org/simple-clap-switch-circuit
 http://niotronic.blogspot.com/2013/07/clap-switch-with-ic741-and-cd4017.html