Activity 1 Matter and Energy

Eduardo Luis Valdivia Amezcua

2910190
Define the following concepts:
 Density: Scalar quantity referred to the amount of mass in a certain volume of a
substance or a solid object
 Pressure: Physical quantity that measures the projection of the force in a
perpendicular direction per unit area, and it serves to characterize how a certain
resultant force is applied on a line.
 Pascal's Law: In fluid, gas or liquid mechanics, statement that, in a fluid at rest in a
closed container, a pressure change in one part is transmitted without loss to every
portion of the fluid and to the walls of the container.
 Archimedes' principle: Is the physical principle that states that a body totally or
partially submerged in a fluid at rest experiences a vertical upward thrust equal to
the weight of the dislodged fluid. This force is called the hydrostatic or Archimedean
thrust and is measured in newtons.

Solve the following exercises:

a) What is the volume of 0.4 kg of alcohol? What is the weight of this volume?
3
V =0.4 kg /789 kg /m =5.07

P= ( 0.4 ) (9.8 m/ s2 )=3.92 N

b) 0.5 kg of ethyl alcohol occupies a volume of 5.44 x 10 -4 m3. Find the density (kg/m3) and
specific gravity (N/ m3).

0.5 kg kg
P= −4 3
=919.117 3
5.44 x 10 m m

kg
919.117
m3 N
Specific gravity= 3
=0.919117 3
1.00 x 10 m

c) Find the specific weight of an oil whose density is 671.22 kg / m3.

 2
specific weigth=(671.22kg / m3)/(9.81m/ s )=68.422
d) Find the pressure in atmospheres produced by a column of mercury 60 cm high.
Mercury density: 13600kg/m3

Gravity: 9.81 (.6 m)( 13600 kg/m3)( 9.81m/ s2 )=80049.6 pa

( 9.87 ) ( 10 6 atm )
Height: .6m ( 80049.6 pa ) =0.79 atm
1 pa

e) A 3 kg block of wood is attached to a rope and dipped in water. Find the buoyant force.
B= pVg=(1 x 103 kg /m 2 )(3 kg)(9.81 m/s 2)=2.94 N

f) A hydraulic elevator is used to lift a 2000 kg bus, if the radius of the large piston is 3 m
and the radius of the smaller piston is 1 m. calculate the force to be applied to the
smaller piston.

( )
F2 2000 kg (
3.14 m )=222.14 N
2
F 1= A=
A2 1 28.27 m2

Answer the following questions

• What does fluid dynamics study?
Is the branch of science that is concerned with the movement of liquids and gases.
• What type of energy does Bernoulli’s equation consider?
Bernoulli's equation is using the fact that any extra kinetic or potential energy gained by a
system of fluid is caused by external work done on the system by another non-viscous fluid.
• In the continuity equation, what conservation principle must be met for the density to
remain constant, and why?
The principle of continuity establishes that what flows into a defined volume in a defined time,
minus what flows out of that volume at that time, must accumulate in that volume. The
principle is a consequence of the law of conservation of mass.
• What is considered an ideal fluid?
An ideal fluid is incompressible it means it can’t change its density by applying pressure and
non-viscous, so it does not have friction inside a fluid
• What is consider a flow line?
Flow line is a large diameter pipe that prevents no seepage from seeping down to the water
table.
• Define a turbulent flow
Is when a fluid in motion swirls and doesn’t follow a single streamline
• What is viscosity?
Is a measure of a fluid's resistance to flow, it describes the internal friction of a moving fluid.
• What is known as the Reynolds number and what is it for?
Is used to determine whether the fluid flow is laminar or turbulent. The Reynolds number is
the ratio of the inertial forces to the viscous forces.