The vapor pressure rises with temperature as before, but now it has

nowhere to go; the pressure can't relieve itself by pushing the lid up and
escaping. The energy you put into heating the food and water stays in
the pot,

How does a
pressure
cooker
work?
and consequently you can achieve
higher temperatures inside the pot. The "pressure" part of a pressure
cooker is only a side effect of trapping the hot gasses inside the pot.