Pure substances, phase-change process, property diagrams

1C. Is iced water a pure substance? Why? If why Frozen water has only changed its physical state
with respect to liquid water, so its chemical formula is still H2O and therefore it remains a pure
substance as well as in a liquid state.

2C. What is the difference between saturated liquid and compressed liquid?

That A compressed liquid means that it is not about to evaporate, but as heat is transferred, the
temperature increases to the point of evaporation, then a liquid that is about to evaporate is
called saturated liquid

3C. What is the difference between saturated vapor and superheated vapor?

It is that steam that is about to condense is called saturated steam; due to the loss of heat during
its evaporation phase, and a superheated steam is one that is not about to condense, that is, it is
the result of transferring more heat to the steam, increasing its temperature and the specific
volume

4C. Is there any difference between the intensive properties of saturated vapor at a given
temperature and the vapor of a saturated mixture at the same temperature?

there is no difference

5C. Is there any difference between the intensive properties of saturated liquid at a given
temperature and the liquid of a saturated mixture at the same temperature?

There is no

6C. Is it true that water boils at higher temperatures at higher pressures? Explain

If because the saturation temperature of a pure substance depends on the pressure. The higher
the pressure, the higher the saturation or boiling temperature.

7C. If the pressure of a substance is increased during a boiling process, will the temperature also
increase or will it remain constant? Why?

if why the temperature will also increase since the boiling or saturation temperature of a pure
substance depends on the pressure.

8C. why are the temperature and pressure dependent properties in the saturated mixture region?

Because you cannot vary while holding the other constant. In other words, when one changes, so
does the other.

9C. what is the difference between the critical point and the triple point? that the critical point is
defined as the point at which the states of saturated liquid and saturated vapor are identical. In
the triple point of a substance it means that under certain conditions the three phases of a
substance in equilibrium coexist
10C. is it possible to have water vapor at -10C°?

if possible, with very low pressure.

12C. how does the boiling process at supercritical pressures differ from the boiling process at
subcritical pressures?

that at supercritical pressures, there is no different phase change process. The liquid expands
uniformly and gradually to vapor. At subcritical pressures, there is always a different surface
between the phases.

Property tables
13C. in what kind of pot will a given volume of water boil at a higher temperature a tall and
narrow one or a short and wide one? Explain?

in A given volume of water will be boiled at a higher temperature in a high and narrow container
since the pressure at the bottom and therefore the corresponding saturation pressure will be
higher in that case.

14C. a perfectly fitting pot and it is lid often stick after cooking, and it becomes very difficult to
open the lid when the pot cools down. Explain why this happens and what you would do to open
liq. simple in A perfectly adjusted pot and its lid to frequently stick after cooking as a result of the
vacuum created inside as the temperature and therefore the corresponding saturation pressure
inside the pan drops. An easy way to remove the lid is to reheat food. When the temperature
increases to the boiling point, the pressure increases to the atmospheric value and, therefore, the
lid will come out immediately.

15C. it is known that warm air in a cooler environment rises. Now consider a warm mixture of air
and gasoline on top an open gasoline can. Do you think this gas mixture will rise in a cooler
environment?

16C. in 1775, DR WILLIAM CULLEN made ice in Scotland by evacuating the air in a water tank
explain how that device works, and discuss how the process can be made more efficient

The ice can be made by evacuating the air in a water tank. During the evacuation, the steam is also
expelled, and therefore the vapor pressure in the tank drops, causing a difference between the
vapor pressures on the surface of the water and in the tank. This difference in pressure is the
driving force of vaporization and forces the liquid to evaporate. But the liquid must absorb the
heat of the vaporization before it can vaporize, and it absorbs it from the liquid and the
neighborhood air, causing the temperature drop in the tank. The process continues until the water
starts to freeze. The process can be made more efficient by isolating the tank well so that all the
heat of vaporization comes essentially from the water.

17C. does the amount of heat absorbed as 1 kg of saturated liquid water boils at 100°C have to be
equal to the amount of heat released as 1 kg of saturated water vapor conde

if Otherwise, we can create energy by alternating vaporizing and condensing a substance.

18C. The selected reference point for the properties

of a substance has any effect on a thermodynamic analysis? Why?

No Because in thermodynamic analysis we deal with changes in properties; And the changes are
independent of the selected reference state.