IOT IN CONSTRUCTION&CIVIL ENGINEERING RESPECTIVES

A Technical Seminar Report

Submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the
award of the degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN

CIVIL ENGINEERING

By

NAME: M. PAVAN KRISHNA

ROLL NO: 18031A0129

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA

UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING-NARASARAOPET

NARASARAOPET – 522601, GUNTUR (Dt.), A.P.

2021 – 2022

18031A0129 Department Of Civil Engineering 1

JAWAHARLAL NEHRU TECHNOLOGICAL UNIVERSITY KAKINADA
UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING-NARASARAOPET

NARASARAOPET – 522601, GUNTUR (Dt.), A.P.

DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the technical seminar entitled “IOT IN CONSTRUCTION&CIVIL

ENGINEERING RESPECTIVES” is a Bonafide work done by M. PAVAN KRISHNA
bearing Reg No.18031A0129 submitted in partial fulfilment for the award of the degree of
Bachelor of Technology in Civil Engineering from University College of Engineering
JNTUK Narasaraopet during the academic year 2021-2022.

SEMINAR SUPERVISOR HEAD OF THE DEPARTMENT

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I, M. PAVAN KRISHNA the student of UCEN – JNTUK, Narasaraopet hereby declare that
this technical seminar report titled “IOT IN CONSTRUCTION&CIVIL ENGINEERING
RESPECTIVES” being submitted to the Department of CIVIL, for the award of
BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY in Civil Engineering is a record of Bonafide work done by
me and it has not been submitted to any other Institute or University for the award of any other
degree or prize.

I have tried my best to represent all the relevant details of the topic to be included in the report.

M.PAVANKRISHNA
(18031A0129)

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 CONTENTS

ABSTRACT 6

1.INTRODUCTION 7

2.WHAT IS IOT 9

2.1 HOW IOT WORKS 9

2.2 WHY IS IOT IMPORTANT? 10

2.3 WHAT IS IOT FRAMEWORK? 10

3. IOT IN CONSTRUCTION 13

3.1 WHY IOT IN CONSTRUCTION? 13

3.2 BENEFITS OF IOT IN CONSTRUCTION 14

4. IOT TECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTION 16

5. IOT INFLUENCED CIVIL FIELDS 18

5.1 INFLUENCE OF IOT ON TRAFFIC AND TRAVEL ENGINEERING 18

5.2 IOT INFLUENCE IN INTERIOR DESIGNING 20

5.3 IOT INFLUENCE ON SURVEYING 21

5.4 INFLUENCE OF IOT ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 22

6. OVERALL ADVANTAGES OF IOT 25

7.REFERENCES 26

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 TABLE OF FIGURES

Figure 1 Working of IOT device 9

Figure 2 Major Components of IOT 11

Figure 3Traffic and Travel Management by IOT Devices 20

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 ABSTRACT

In this advanced era of Industrial Revolution 4.0, as an element of cyber physical

systems, the Internet of Things (IOT) has been applied in many different industries;
however, its adoption in the construction industry is still limited to a few applications.
This study uncovers, identifies and asses the challenges of adopting IOT in construction
projects.

The study presents a better understanding of IOT in the construction and in several
fields of civil engineering industry and their benefits, which helps the construction
policymakers to adopt IOT and provide education-based campaigns to educate
construction practitioners on the concept and importance of using IOT in the
construction sector.

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 1.INTRODUCTION

Internet of things (IOT) is an innovative concept of the internet, which was initially
introduced by kelvin Ashton in 1999 (Ashton, 2009). it is defined as the possibility of
connecting things using the internet to form a platform that is used to execute certain
activities (Al-Qaseemi et al.,2016). It uses the internet connectivity and all the things
around to have the capability to connect and communicate with each other to perform
any specific function through the network (Gershenfeld et al.,2004). It is an approach
of giving the possibility to things around to communicate using internet connectivity
(Gubbi et al.,2013). The method is carried out by connecting all things with everyone
in all times and locations using the built-in wireless connection. moreover, this facility
enables easy linkage with all the surroundings, which ease the monitoring and control
process via the internet (Ashton, 2009).

Theoretically, IOT comprises four different layers, which are application layer,
perception layer, network layer and physical layer. the application layer refers to
common practices such as smart cities, smart transport, and intelligent homes; however,
the perception layer refers to technologies such as sensors and devices, which
communicate with other objects. the network layer refers to the network
communication and the component of network coverage. the physical layer refers to the
hardware including smart appliances and other devices (Kumar et al., 2016).

There are many advantages for using IOT in the construction sector. these consist of a
better execution monitoring, effective controlling, better quality, cost and timesaving.
it has also been expanded to be used in making fast decision making because of the
availability of real-time data analytics (Ning and Xu, 2010; Gubbi et al., 2013; Dave et
al.,2016). in addition, it improves the crisis management and emergency responses by
introducing efficient monitoring of the structure (Zhao et al.,2013). the IOT technology
can be used in environmental-related aspects such as waste management, pond
pollution and flood concentration analysis (Wei and li, 2011).

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The introduction of the new technology is associated with multiple challenges, which
are categorized into three main parts such as the method of introduction, lack of
acceptance and lack of knowledge and expertise (Bari et al.,2013; Matharu et al.,2014).
this study aims to investigate the awareness of construction parties towards IOT
application and significance; moreover, it then identifies the challenges of adopting IOT
in construction projects and finally determinates the dominant challenges of adopting
IOT in the construction industry.

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 2.WHAT IS IOT

The Internet of Things (IOT) describes the network of physical objects “things
“that are embedded with sensors, software, and other technologies for the purpose
of connecting and exchanging data with other devices and systems over the
internet. These devices range from ordinary household objects to sophisticated
industrial tools. With more than 7 billion connected IOT devices today, experts
are expecting this number to grow to 10 billion by 2020 and 22 billion by 2025.

2.1 HOW IOT WORKS

An IOT system consists of sensors/devices which “talk” to the cloud through some kind
of connectivity. Once the data gets to the cloud, software processes it and then might
decide to perform an action, such as sending an alert or automatically adjusting the
sensors/devices without the need for the user.

But if the user input is needed or if the user simply wants to check in on the system, a
user interface allows them to do so. Any adjustments or actions that the user makes are
then sent in the opposite direction through the system: from the user interface, to the
cloud, and back to the sensors/devices to make some kind of change.

The connectivity, networking and communication protocols used with these web-
enabled devices largely depend on the specific IOT applications deployed.

Figure 1 Working of IOT device

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2.2 WHY IS IOT IMPORTANT?

The internet of things helps people live and work smarter, as well as gain complete
control over their lives. In addition to offering smart devices to automate homes, IOT
is essential to business. IOT provides businesses with a real-time look into how their
systems really work, delivering insights into everything from the performance of
machines to supply chain and logistics operations.

IOT enables companies to automate processes and reduce labour costs. It also cuts
down on waste and improves service delivery, making it less expensive to manufacture
and deliver goods, as well as offering transparency into customer transactions.

As such, IOT is one of the most important technologies of everyday life, and it will
continue to pick up steam as more businesses realize the potential of connected devices
to keep them competitive.

2.3 WHAT IS IOT FRAMEWORK?

Normally, when large data is being generated and transmitted across a number of
devices, there has to be a specific point where everything is collected and combined.
This specific point is very essential in a network, as it combines all data, making it
possible to understand the data being generated.

The Internet of Things (IOT) Framework can be described as being an ecosystem,

comprising of several connected devices that communicate with each other, over the
Internet. These connected devices usually work to transfer and sense data over the
Internet, while requiring very little human intervention.

The IOT framework is what makes it possible for the connected devices to have smooth
communication over the Internet. It is no wonder, then, that it is referred to as the
‘Internet of Things’ framework, or in other words, the framework that facilitates the
interaction of ‘Things’ (devices) over the Internet.

The IOT framework is a very important element of technology in the modern world,
finding application in almost every sector. For instance, one of the major applications
of the IOT is in the designing of smart homes.

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The IOT framework concept is also applied in the designing of different physical
objects, such as thermostats, electrical devices, security and alarm systems, as well as
vending machines, among many other objects.

Figure 2 Major Components of IOT

The IOT Framework is comprised of four major components, as discussed below;

1.Device Hardware:

The device hardware component of the IOT framework requires some basic knowledge
on architecture. The user is additionally required to own a thought on the working of
the various micro-controllers and the sensors.

Examples: sensors, micro-controllers and controllers.

2) Device Software

In order for the device software of the IOT framework to function properly, the included

writing applications are required to configure the controller, then operate them

remotely. The user is required to own a basic understanding of how an API works inside

the micro-controllers, additionally how libraries are usually made for programming.

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3) Communication and Cloud Platform

The cloud platform is one in every of the foremost crucial parts of the IOT framework.
It needs the essential knowledge of all communication, whether wireless or wired. The
user is additionally required to possess an honest understanding of IOT integration,
similarly because the working of the cloud technology.

In summary, we can say the communication and Cloud Platform of the IOT Framework
is where all communications happen.

4) Cloud Application

The cloud application is a type of software program, which mainly consists of

components that can be accessed quite easier and faster. These components can be
either local or even cloud-based. The cloud application works to improve the system,
such that its maximum potential is realized.

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 3. IOT IN CONSTRUCTION

The sole purpose of using IOT within the industry are often seen because the using of
technological based devices and equipment to make sure optimal usage of the resources
available with proper technological planning and with regulated expenses at the value
of minimal and low risks.

As the housing industry is directly evolving and growing with the expansion of
population to be able to cater their needs, they're adopting new tactics, techniques and
technologies to be ready to function better and similarly as combat the prevailing
construction business challenges and concerns.

IOT provides for a site where the equipment, materials, and personnel are synced to a
central server that regulates and monitors their activity in real time ensuring the
adherence to this plan and safety. There are lots of devices used for various purposes
designed and controlled nowadays within the construction business.

3.1 WHY IOT IN CONSTRUCTION?

Thirty percent of work-related deaths in Japan occur in construction. In 2017, the

quantity of industry deaths from work-related illness or injuries hit 323, accounting for
over 30% of all 978 work-related deaths that year. Moreover, between 2011 and 2016,
the quantity of deaths from heatstroke within the housing industry on an annual basis
was quite 100, accounting for nearly 30% of overall cases - the very best number for
any sector.

In May 2018, the ratio of jobs-to-applicants for the development sector reached 4.23,
far outstripping the 1.33 average for all sectors and painting a stark picture of the
development labour shortage. Furthermore, consistent with a survey by Teikoku
Databank, 105 companies within the industry went out of business thanks to the labour
shortage between January 2013 and therefore the half of 2017 - accounting for 36.2%
of all bankruptcies in this period.

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IOT implementation in construction is needed for

• To Increase Productivity

• Smooth Maintenance

• Safety and Security

• Real time progress

3.2 BENEFITS OF IOT IN CONSTRUCTION

1. Safety

One of the foremost primitive and raw issues on a construction site is that the safety of
the people working there from various disasters. although there are various safety
protocols and disciplined behaviour patterns pre-existing which have proven to fail on
several occasions.

IOT alignment can help reduce the protection risk, as an example, if a worker wears
any real-time location tracking device and therefore the heavy machines, equipped with
such real-time movement detector chips, are getting used on the identical construction
their movement together is traced from a central room very easily this not only ensure
safety but this could be wont to predetermine and safeguard them from any risky
happening.

Just as that within the case of any on-site emergencies alerts is sent to the workers using
the identical devices in order that they'll be ready to safeguard themselves and be able
to take real-time actions.

2. Resources Management and Budgeting

Sticking to the budget of the project is necessary for a construction company. If the
resources cannot be managed with the real value, the labour\workers sit ideal and cost
of rented equipment and project increases, IOT helps in streamlining the works and
keep project with in the budget.

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3. Waste Management

The construction waste is a concern issue, this not just demand an environmental effect
and degradation but it also entails a dumping issue that has to be resolved on-site of the
waste and also the debris.

The used IOT can help them create a sustainable plan for using the recycled products,
adopting zero waste terminology and this could also help the laborers being educated
on the sustainable concept of the development. This creation of a feasible disposable
plan must be implemented to be able to stop wastage and understand the importance of
it.

For example, the debris of any building while it's being diminished will be stored on
the development site as long as possible, and hence the identical is accustomed fill the
ground dump before the accrual flooring to level it up, this can be needed in a very lot
of irregular surfaces and sometimes new bricks are broken to level the ground. Adapting
this system of storage during a place where it doesn't get too dusty can help in a very
lot of waste and debris management on site.

4. Daily Remote Management

This can also provide for the remote management of the workers on a usual and have
the evaluation of the location as same and as clear because the worker has in real-time
to the person seeing it. The project leader or owner may also track the real-time
movement and might have a transparent picture of true of the project and its everyday
work analysis from wherever they need (if it's internet-based).

Also, equipment like drones is accustomed get a security analysis of things on-site and
sometimes even before the war begins. Such remote devices can help within the
scenarios where the development progresses in areas that aren't accessible for humans,
are polluted, or dangerous.

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 4. IOT TECHNOLOGY IN CONSTRUCTION

4.1. Sensors

There are various kinds of sensors that can activate in a pre-decided condition and can

be used to boost management efficiency in a certain situation by setting alarms and

generating alarms. They can be used to find out various kinds of alarming situations

with a call for action and. The devices attached and monitored with the IOT software

and techniques can monitor calculations of humidity, temperature, and pressure to alert

management about any potential happening that could cause damage and that needs

immediate attention.

4.2. Wearables

These are the devices that need to be worn by the people working on a construction site,
especially the laborers. This can be used to alarm the worker if he is too close to a
dangerous zone. Also, this is used to track the location in the case of a disaster or injury
that happens with a worker.

Such wearables are equipped with required devices that are connected to the main
server to which is the storehouse of information and is more or less a control room form
where there can also be real-time instruction given to the workers.

Smart cap is one such company which is manufacturing wearable devices for workers

4.3. Maintenance Systems

There are such applications that can help keep a track of new and immediate expenses
on and off a construction site related to that of the business. They offer accurate and
precise data which can be recorded and kept a track of.

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Bimba is one such tool that can turn out to be beneficial in keeping a track of real-time
machine downtime and data on the construction site.

4.4. Real Time Site Map

This tool can help locate not only the laborers working on the site as to keep them away
from the danger zone. This can create a real-time map of the construction site so as to
be able to be aware of who’s where and what work is being done wherein the case on a
really required scenario some danger zone and managers the only zone can also be
marked on the map and others can be deterred from entering such spaces if that’s
unnecessary.

IOT Devices can collect all such data on the site and can use it efficiently to the benefit
of the projects.

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 5. IOT INFLUENCED CIVIL FIELDS

1. Traffic & Travel Engineering

2. Interior Designing

3. Surveying

4. Environmental monitoring

5. Planning And Development

5.1 INFLUENCE OF IOT ON TRAFFIC AND TRAVEL ENGINEERING

1.Traffic light Management

IOT systems, as we all know, are made up of a slew of sensors and other data-gathering
devices. The traffic signals are equipped with heat and moisture-sensitive sensors for
monitoring weather-related data for better traffic light control.

These sensors will then send data to traffic lights, which will adjust the brightness and
intensity of the light’s dependent on the weather and road visibility for vehicles. To
reduce traffic congestion, real-time data feeds are employed in traffic signals. Sensors
installed in key locations may collect data on high-traffic crossings and areas where
cars are diverted using IOT technology.

Big data may be used to further analyse this information and determine alternate routes,
as well as improve traffic signals to reduce congestion. Meanwhile, weather sensors
installed on roadside lights may enable them to function.

Light dimming occurs not just as part of the day-to-night transition, but also when
weather conditions deteriorate. These signals may be picked up by roadside light
sensors, which can then switch them on and off as needed.

Brightness adjustment is beneficial since it saves energy and prevents accidents caused
by blinding lights. IOT systems can also use computer vision-enabled CCTV cameras
to monitor and regulate traffic by changing the lights intelligently at the appropriate
times.

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2. Prevention And Management Of Road Accidents

IOT systems, as we all know, are made up of a slew of sensors and other data-gathering
devices. The traffic signals are equipped with heat and moisture-sensitive sensors for
monitoring weather-related data for better traffic light control.

These sensors will then send data to traffic lights, which will adjust the brightness and
intensity of the light’s dependent on the weather and road visibility for vehicles.

To reduce traffic congestion, real-time data feeds are employed in traffic signals.
Sensors installed in key locations may collect data on high-traffic crossings and areas
where cars are diverted using IOT technology.

Big data may be used to further analyse this information and determine alternate routes,
as well as improve traffic signals to reduce congestion. Meanwhile, weather sensors
installed on roadside lights may enable them to function.

Light dimming occurs not just as part of the day-to-night transition, but also when
weather conditions deteriorate. These signals may be picked up by roadside light
sensors, which can then switch them on and off as needed.

Brightness adjustment is beneficial since it saves energy and prevents accidents caused
by blinding lights. IOT systems can also use computer vision-enabled CCTV cameras
to monitor and regulate traffic by changing the lights intelligently at the appropriate
times.

3.Traffic Management

Various sensors and video cameras may be put at various locations along the road to
count the number of cars and give alerts to the various personnel who will be beginning
in 15 minutes.

If there are more cars on the road than predicted, the sensors might extend the duration
for the green light. The number of vehicles on the road may be precisely anticipated if
we know how many two-wheelers, four-wheelers, private or public vehicles will leave
at a specific moment.

An alarm can be issued to different other employees in the workplace at the appropriate
moment so that they can begin when the traffic on the road is less congested.

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We can absolutely assure smooth vehicle flow on the road by working on vehicle
management on the road.

This would ensure that all cars go quickly and without stopping. In the same way, if
there are fewer cars, the red-light period might be extended to allow more vehicles to
exit the premises. In the event of a sudden surge in traffic flow, sensors can reroute and
give other shorter routes.

Figure 3Traffic and Travel Management by IOT Devices

5.2 IOT INFLUENCE IN INTERIOR DESIGNING

The Internet of Things (IOT) is bringing smart devices into the home – even before you
move in. While interior design and technology are concepts that are not usually
discussed, the onset of smart home gadgets is leading more designers to incorporate a
digital focus on the elements of design.

With today’s busy generation, the demand for smart homes allows individuals to create
a flexible work-life balance that’s useful for all ages. For example, the major home
furniture and appliance giant, IKEA, recently launched a trendy smart lighting system
that connects to tablets and mobile devices

1.Smart Lightning

Light is undoubtedly the single most important aspect of design. It’s easily overlooked
because most people are immersed in it all the time.

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But get into a dark house and you'll notice the difference. While switching out a
lightbulb requires little time and effort, automating this process can make a huge
difference in how you interact with your home.

IOT technology has led to the development of connected devices such as smart bulbs
that allow you to control your lights with your phone or through Alexa or Google
Assistant. Plus, you can program them to turn on at any time and dim them at will, even
without the use of a dimmer switch. For those with lots of lamps or recessed lighting,
smart light switches are recommended. These control all of the lights wired to a smart
switch, allowing you to turn lights on and off on a schedule or with a smart assistant,
without changing your existing bulbs.

2.Indoor Climate Control

Nearly half of a typical utility bill goes towards heating and cooling in a typical house.
Luckily, there are smart home tech devices that more efficient and automate the heating
and cooling process of your house. A programmable thermostat offers the flexibility
and power to control the climate in your home efficiently in order to save energy and
lower energy costs. With a smart thermostat, you can set the temperature to different
levels depending on the season or weather.

For example, during the winter, you can set the inside temperature to a lower level or
switch the thermostat off when you are away from home. This can save you a substantial
amount on your yearly utility bills depending on factors such as climate and home
insulation. This can also be convenient in that you can control most of the thermostat
functions from the comfort of your phone.

5.3 IOT INFLUENCE ON SURVEYING

1. Using Drones for Land Surveying

Civil and geotechnical engineers have found a new use for drones by using them to
survey land. They have found that unmanned aerial vehicles provide a quick, safe way
of measuring out large tracts of land for surveying purposes without risking human life.
By sending people in harm's way or into treacherous terrain. In rock blasting
applications, engineers are able to conduct surveying from a distance to avoid exposure
to blasting areas.

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These unmanned flying machines can map the earth's surface with incredible accuracy,
so they're being used more and more often in surveying.

2. Remotely Collecting land Feature Details

Surveyors and field engineers collect the data of a particular land by visiting the place
till now but with the help of integrating IOT device in field of surveying the engineers
can collect the data regarding a place i.e., Type of soil, Geological structures of land,
water table elevation etc, remotely from the comfort of their place by using software’s
like ArcGIS, ArcMap, Google Earth etc which work on the IOT technology.

5.4 INFLUENCE OF IOT ON ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT

The applications of IOT in environmental monitoring are broad − environmental

protection, extreme weather monitoring, water safety, endangered species protection,
commercial farming, and more. In these applications, sensors detect and measure every
type of environmental change.

1.Water Quality Monitoring

Water is the most essential resource for survival. It requires constant quality monitoring
and proper management techniques for effective conservation practices. IOT
technology enables smart water meters, sensors and irrigation systems deployed in
homes and smart buildings for real-time monitoring of the water consumption patterns.
Also, advanced sensor devices are installed to measure the pH levels, oxygen levels and
other components, such as contaminants that might be unsafe for drinking purposes.
Detecting such parameters offers reliable use cases that are beneficial to promote better
human health and contribute to enhanced living standards.

2. Air Quality Monitoring

The air quality has to be pure and healthy for breathing, otherwise, it could lead to major
health issues. Even while working in a closed space area, the surrounding air should be
clean and fresh.

IOT-powered environmental monitoring solutions, when installed for particular

premises, can be used to identify the particulate matter in the air and capture the data
through sensor devices. Organizations can transfer the data to a cloud platform for
processing. Useful information is sent to the user’s dashboard.

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The whole process enables real-time air monitoring, quick decision-making in case of
any issues, refreshing air, and controlling ventilation for better air circulation.

3.Toxic Pollutants, Gases Detection

IOT has become a major part in providing safer and cleaner surroundings. Installing a
smart environment solution can provide a better approach to air quality detection. It
helps organizations evolve with the latest smart technology trends, which offer efficient
industrial improvements and increased ROI. Monitoring the environment through smart
concepts provides better control over the surroundings for a safer existence.

Closed spaces are often exposed to harmful gases, which can cost infrastructure and
human lives at larger levels. However, pre-detection of such harmful gases provides a
clearer picture of the future happenings and can reduce the destructive effects at a
significant cost.

5.5 INFLUENCE OF IOT IN PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT

1.Smart Cities

A smart city is one of the most influential applications of IOT, for which people are
crazy. Everyone wants to live in a smart city where they can get smart surveillance,
automated transportation, and many more smart facilities.

IOT will work out on several situations confronted by the people who live in cities like
pollution, traffic congestion, a deficit of power supplies, and many more. To analyse
and collect data, smart cities use IOT devices like connected sensors, meters, and lights.

Ex: With the help web applications or installing sensors you can easily find the free
parking area which will be available at that time across the city.

2. Smart Homes

What if you forget to turn off your room lights and can do it even after going out? Yes,
IOT is making everything possible at your convenience.

Some smart home appliances are refrigerators, speakers, and lights. You can also turn
on your AC even before entering the house when you are returning from your office for
the perfect room temperature.

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Smart lighting normally uses mesh networking, where each smart bulb wirelessly
connects to its nearest neighbour.

Ex: example of light is Philips lights, in which you can control the colour of lightning
and set different hues according to your preference.

3. Connected Healthcare System

Connected healthcare system and smart medical devices are very much beneficial for
companies as well as general people and these IOT medical devices can assist in real-
time monitoring of patients remotely.

Even this device can directly report an emergency to the physicians and this will save
the lives of many people. IOT, in the healthcare sector, has several applications and this
technology can help in making clinical decisions.

These IoT devices can collect your data like blood pressure, weight, height, sugar level,
and store it online so that doctors can access it anytime.

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 6. OVERALL ADVANTAGES OF IOT

➢ Improve Safety.

➢ Enhanced Security.

➢ Saves Time.

➢ Increase Peace of Mind.

➢ Increase Productivity.

➢ Reduction In Wastage of Material and Energy

➢ Better Business Operations and Service.

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 7.REFERENCES

1. https://www.analyticssteps.com/blogs/iot-construction-industry-applications-
and-benefits

2. https://www.digiteum.com/iot-construction-industry/

3. https://www.analyticssteps.com/blogs/top-internet-things-iot-examples

4. https://www.iotforall.com/iot-applications-construction

5. https://www.constructionplacements.com/iot-in-construction/

6. https://www.usdredge.com/learn/9-ways-technology-is-shifting-the-civil-
engineering-industry

7. https://www.analyticssteps.com/blogs/4-uses-iot-traffic-management

8. https://www.matellio.com/blog/impact-of-iot-in-real-estate/

9. https://nicolaswindpassinger.com/smart-homes-when-interior-design-meets-the-
internet-of-things

10. https://wyliodrin.com/post/heres-how-the-iot-is-influencing-interior-design-in-
residential-spaces

11. https://www.techtarget.com/iotagenda/tip/Top-8-IoT-applications-and-
examples-in-business

12. https://info.vercator.com/blog/ways-5g-will-impact-the-future-of-surveying

13. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/336147989_IOT_in_Construction_Pro
jects

14. http://en.ritsumei.ac.jp/news/detail/?id=438

15. https://www.techtarget.com/iotagenda/definition/Internet-of-Things-IoT

16. https://iotdunia.com/what-is-iot-framework-list-top-10-open-source-iot-
frameworks/#what-is-iot-framework

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