PMAJ RIQUE A BAUSA

Asst. Chief, RITO

January 29, 2021

FUNDAMENTALS OF INFORMATION SYSTEM
LEARNING OBJECTIVES

1. Identify the fundamental components of an information system and

describe their function
2. Identify the difference between Information System and Information
Technology
3. Distinguish data from information and knowledge, and describe the
characteristics of quality data
4. Define the types of roles, functions, and careers available in the field of
information systems; and
5. Identify and briefly describe five change models that can be used to
increase the likelihood of successfully introducing a new information
system into an organization
 DATA
- Raw unorganized facts
- Can be represented through:
- Alphanumeric data
- Image data
- Audio data
- Video data
- can be collected through two main
methods: primary and secondary.
INFORMATION
- A collection of facts organized in such a
way that they have additional value
beyond the value of the facts
themselves.
- Information is data that has been
processed into a form that is
meaningful to the user
- The awareness and understanding of a
set of information and ways that
information can be made useful to
support a specific task or reach a
decision.
 PROCESS
- Set of logically related tasks performed
to achieve a defined outcome
- Turning data into information is a
process
KNOWLEDGE
- Awareness and understanding of a
set of information and the wats it can
be made useful to support a task
- The process of defining relationships
among the data to create useful
information requires knowledge
CHARACTERISTICS OF VALUABLE
INFORMATION

INFORMATION SYSTEM
- refers to an entire set of information:
not only the technology involved but
the people and process as well.
- a set of interrelated components that
collect, manipulate, store data and
disseminate information and provide
a feedback mechanism to monitor
performance.
- incorporate the technology, people
and processes involved with
information
- bridging the gap between people
and the system, helping them make
sense of information within that
system
INFORMATION
TECHNOLOGY
- the study, design, implementation,
support or management of data within
an information systems. It is use of
computers to store, retrieve, transmit,
and manipulate data or information.
- the design and implementation of
information, or data, within the
information system.
- focuses on maintaining the system’s
hardware, software, databases, and
networks, with the end goal of
communicating to users how to best
utilize its functionality.
- encompasses hardware, software,
databases and networks
INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS)

INPUT - The activity of gathering and capturing raw

data.

PROCESSING - Converting or transforming data

into useful outputs.

OUTPUT - production of useful information, usually in the

form of documents and reports.

FEEDBACK - output that is used to make changes

to input or processing activities.
 FUNCTIONS OF AN
INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS)
INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS)
Information System Aspects/View Exemplary Definition
The system utilizes computer hardware and software; manual
procedures; models for analysis, planning, control and decision
Technology View
making; and a database. The emphasis is on information
technology (IT) embedded in organizations
an information system is a social system, which has embedded in it
information technology. The extent to which information technology
plays a part is increasing rapidly. But this does not prevent the
Social View overall [information] system from being a social system, and it is not
possible to design a robust, effective information system,
incorporating significant amounts of the technology without treating
it as a social system
the information systems field examines more than just the
technological system, or just the social system, or even the two side
Socio-Technical View
by side; in addition, it investigates the phenomena that emerge
when the two interact
An IS is a work system whose process and activities are devoted to
Process View processing information, that is, capturing, transmitting, storing,
retrieving, manipulating, and displaying information
 COMPUTER-BASED INFORMATION SYSTEM
(CBIS)
- A single set of hardware, software, databases,
telecommunications, people, and procedures that are
configured to collect, manipulate, store, and process
data into information.

Components of CBIS
 THREE FUNDAMENTAL TYPES OF
INFORMATION SYSTEM
Personal IS – includes information systems that improve the productivity
of individual users
Group IS – includes information systems that improve communications
and support collaboration among members of a workgroup
Enterprise IS – includes information systems that organizations use to
define structured interactions among their own employees and/or external
customers, suppliers, government agencies, etc…
EXAMPLES 7 CHARACTERISTICS OF EACH
TYPE OF IS
 BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Most common types of information systems used are those designed for:
– Electronic and mobile commerce
– Transaction processing
– Management information
– Decision support
 BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Most common types of information systems used are those designed for:
- Electronic and Mobile Commerce
• E-commerce
– Any business transaction executed electronically
between:
• Companies (B2B)
• Companies and consumers (B2C)
• Consumers and other consumers (C2C)
• Business and the public sector
• Consumers and the public sector
 BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Mobile commerce (m-commerce)
– Transactions conducted anywhere, anytime
Electronic business (e-business)
– Uses information systems and the Internet to
perform all business-related tasks and functions
 BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Enterprise Systems: Transaction Processing Systems and Enterprise
Resource Planning
• Transaction
– Any business-related exchange
• Transaction processing system (TPS)
– Organized collection of people, procedures, software,
databases, and devices used to record completed business
transactions
• Enterprise resource planning – Programs that manage the vital business
operations for an entire multisite, global organization
 BUSINESS INFORMATION SYSTEMS
Information and Decision Support Systems
• Management information systems – Organized collection of people,
procedures, software, databases, and devices
– Provides routine information to managers/decision makers
• Decision support systems – Organized collection of people,
procedures, software, databases, and devices that support problem-
specific decision making
 SPECIALIZED BUSINESS INFORMATION
SYSTEMS
• Knowledge management systems (KMSs)
– Organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases,
and devices
• Artificial intelligence (AI)
– Field in which the computer system takes on the characteristics of
human intelligence
– Robotics, vision systems, and natural language processing
• Expert Systems
– Give the computer the ability to make suggestions and act like an expert
in a particular field
• Virtual reality
– The simulation of a real or imagined environment that can be
experienced visually in three dimensions
 SYSTEMS DEVELOPMENT

• Creating or modifying existing business systems

• Systems development failures can be a result of:
– Poor planning and scheduling
– Insufficient management of risk
– Poor requirements determination
– Lack of user involvement
• Outsourcing
– Allows a company to focus on what it does best and
delegate other functions
 SYSTEMS INVESTIGATION & ANALYSIS

Systems investigation
– Goal is to gain understanding of the problem to be solved or opportunity
to be addressed
Systems analysis
– Defines problems and opportunities of the existing system
Systems Design, Implementation,
and Maintenance and Review
Systems design – Determines how the new system will work to meet the
business needs defined during systems analysis
Systems implementation – Creating or acquiring the system components
defined in the design step, assembling them, and putting the new system
into operation
Systems maintenance and review – Checking and modifying the system
so that it continues to meet changing business needs
 Organizations and Information
Systems
Organization – Collection of people and other resources established to
accomplish a set of goals
– Has inputs, processing mechanisms, outputs, and feedback
Value chain – Series of activities that includes inbound logistics,
warehouse and storage, and production
Supply chain management (SCM) – Helps determine what supplies are
required for the value chain and what quantities are needed to meet
customer demand
Customer relationship management (CRM) – Helps companies manage
all aspects of customer encounters, including marketing and advertising
ADVANTAGES OF INFORMATION SYSTEM

- Processes that used to be manual are now automated, and

methods for communication have been transformed.

- IS allows you to strategically define your organization in a

way that makes your business stand out from the
competition.

- IS provides a terrific way to monitor and track inventory.

- Information systems allow the vital element of providing

“real-time” information.
- Significant, long-term benefit to a company over its
competition
- An organization often uses its information system to help
achieve a competitive advantage
QUESTIONS