NSTP REVIEWER
Lesson 1 emphasis on instruction,
EMILIO AGUINALDO COLLEGE
Founder of EAC – Dr. Paolo C. Campos
Philosophy
Emilio Aguinaldo College is a private, non-
sectarian institution of learning that fosters equal
and fair opportunities for the holistic development
of persons conscious of their national identity and
their roles in the global community.
Vision
Emilio Aguinaldo College envisions itself as
an internationally recognized (private non-
sectarian/autonomous) academic institution
rooted in its nationalist tradition that consistently
pursues advancement and welfare of humanity.
Mission
Emilio Aguinaldo College provides an
outcomes-based education with relevant curricula
geared towards excellent research, active industry
cooperation and sustainable community
extension/ EAC provides a learner-centered,
inquiry-based, and socially relevant academic
community.
Core Values
Virtue
Emilio Aguinaldo College integrates
knowledge and understanding among Emilians
equipping them with wisdom to choose to do inly
the right thing.
Excellence
Emilio Aguinaldo College inculcates among
Emilians the habit of doing only the best in all
undertakings.
Service
Emilio Aguinaldo College develops among
Emilians a strong sense of duty and responsibility
of helping others for the school, community,
country, and Mother Nature.
EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES
•offer opportunities for quality and relevant
education to all.
•cultivate the intellectual, spiritual, moral, social,
and physical aspects of a person.
•instill appreciation of pride for one’s national
identity
•produce graduates of global quality equipped with
competencies in their fields of expertise.
QUALITY POLICY
Emilio Aguinaldo College commits to the
continuous improvement of quality standards with
research, and
community service to benefit its stakeholders.
QUALITY OBJECTIVES
•Adhere to all statutory and regulatory standards.
•Provide consistent quality service to students,
parents, and other stakeholders; and
•Respond to periodic system review for continual
improvement on quality standards.
E – Effective communicator
M – Morally upright individual
I – Innovative thinker and leader
L – Lifelong learner
I – Internationally driven professional
A – Advocate for human welfare and the
environment
N – Nationalistic citizen
Lesson 2
Introduction and History of NSTP
NSTP – National Service Training Program
Reformed by Gloria Macapagal-Arroyo on January
23, 2002
3 Components of NSTP
RE - Reserve Officer's Training Corps (Military
training)
LI - Literacy Training Service (teaching/teacher)
C - Civic Welfare Training Service (Betterment of
Life)
Legal Foundations of NSTP
CPR
C - Commonwealth Act No. 1 (National Defense
Act)
President Manuel L. Quezon (December 21, 1935)
• Military Training Between 18 - 30 years old
Male
• An act to provide national defense of the
Philippines penalizing certain violations
thereof appropriating funds therefore, and
other purposes.
• College Students specifically males
• Finish 2 years or 4 semesters of Military
Training to be reserved cadets of the
national defense of the country.
P - Presidential Decree No. 1706 (National Service
Law)
Ferdinand Marcos (August 8, 1980)
• Mandates a compulsory national service to
all citizens of the country.
 • CWS, LES, MTS
• College students were given an option to
choose one to comply as a requirement of
tertiary education.
Suspension (Corazon C. Aquino) -> Basic ROTC
1986 – 1987 (Presidential Memorandum Order No.
1)
R - Republic Act 7077 CAFPRA (The Citizen Armed
Forces of the Philippines Reservist Act)
Fidel V. Ramos (June 27, 1991)
• Basic ROTC -> Expanded ROTC
• Military subject in the first year and MTS,
CWTS, or LES in the second curriculum.
Mark Welson Chua, 19 years old.
• Engineering student (UST)
• March 18, 2001, reported victim of illegal
ROTC practices. Since then, Expanded
ROTC morphed into National Service
Training Program (NSTP)
RA 9163 (NSTP Act of 2001)
• An act establishing the NSTP for tertiary
level students, amending for the purpose of
the RA 7077 and PD 1706 and for other
purposes.
• Designed to develop and enhance
consciousness and defense preparedness
among the Filipino youth by developing the
ethics of service, nationalism, and
patriotism while undergoing three program
components.
Basis of NSTP (Constitution)
Article 2, 1987 Philippine Constitution
Section 4 - to serve and protect the people
Section 5 - maintenance of peace and order, the
protection of life, liberty, and property etc.
Section 13 - state recognizes the vital role of youth
in nation-building and shall promote and protect.
Youth patriotism and nationalism.
Lesson 3
Republic Act of 9163 (NSTP Act of 2001)
• An act establishing the NSTP for tertiary
level students, amending for the purpose of
the RA 7077 and PD 1706 and for other
purposes.
SEC. 1. Short Title - This act shall be known as
the National Service Training Act of 2001.
SEC. 2. Declaration of Policy – It is hereby
affirmed the prime duty of the government to serve
and protect its citizen, in turn, it shall be the
responsibility of all citizens to defend the security
of the state and in fulfillment thereof, the
government mat requires each citizen to render
personal, military, or civil service.
Recognizing the youth’s vital role in nation-
building, the state shall promote civic
consciousness among the youth and shall develop
their physical, moral, spiritual, intellectual, and
social well-being. It shall inculcate in the youth
patriotism, nationalism, and advance their
involvement in public and civic affairs,
In pursuit of these goals, the youth, the most
valuable resource of the nation, shall be
motivated, trained, organized and mobilized in
military training, literacy, civic welfare and other
similar endeavors in the service of the nation.
SEC. 3 Definition of Terms
(a) “National Service Training Program (NSTP)” is a
program aimed at enhancing civic consciousness
and defense preparedness in the youth by
developing the ethics of service and patriotism
while undergoing training in any of its three (3)
program components. Its various components are
specially designed to enhance the youth’s active
contribution to the general welfare.
(b) “Reserve-Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC)” is a
program institutionalized under Sections 38 and
39 of Republic Act No. 7077 designed to provide
military training to tertiary level students in order
to motivate, train, organize and mobilize them for
national defense preparedness.
(c) “Literacy Training Service” is a program
designed to train students to become teachers of
literacy and numeracy skills to school children,
out of school youth, and other segments of society
in need of their service.
(d) “Civic Welfare Training Service” refers to
programs or activities contributory to the general
welfare and the betterment of life for the members
of the community or the enhancement of its
facilities, especially those devoted to improving
health, education, environment,
entrepreneurship, safety, recreation and morals of
the citizenry.
(e) “Program component” shall refer to the service
components of the NSTP as enumerated on Section
4 of this Act.
SEC. 4. Establishment of the National Service
Training Program. — There is hereby established
a National Service Training Program (NSTP), which
shall form part of the curricula of all baccalaureate
degree courses and of at least two (2)-year
technical-vocational courses and is a requisite for
graduation, consisting of the following service
components:
(1) The Reserve Officers’ Training Corps (ROTC),
which is hereby made optional and voluntary upon
the effectivity of this Act;
(2) The Literacy Training Service; and
(3) The Civil Welfare Training Service.
The ROTC under the NSTP shall instill patriotism,
moral virtues, respect for rights of civilians, and
adherence to the Constitution, among others.
Citizenship training shall be given emphasis in all
three (3) program components.
The Commission on Higher Education (CHED) and
Technical Education and Skills Development
Authority (TESDA), in consultation with the
Department of National Defense (DND), Philippine
Association of State Universities and Colleges
(PASUC), Coordinating Council of Private
Educational Associations of the Philippines
(COCOPEA) and other concerned government
agencies, may design and implement such other
program components as may be necessary in
consonance with the provisions of this Act.
SEC. 5. Coverage. — Students, male and female,
of any baccalaureate degree course or at least two
(2)-year technical-vocational courses in public and
private educational institutions shall be required
to complete one (1) of the NSTP components as
requisite for graduation.
SEC. 6. Duration and Equivalent Course Unit.
— Each of the aforementioned NSTP program
components shall be undertaken for an academic
period of two (2) semesters.
In lieu of the two (2)-semester program for any of
the components of the NSTP, a one (1) summer
program may be designed, formulated and adopted
by the DND, CHED and TESDA.
SEC. 7. NSTP Offering in Higher and Technical-
Vocational Educational Institutions. — All
higher and technical-vocational institutions,
public and private, must offer at least one of the
program components: Provided, That State
universities and colleges shall offer the ROTC
component and at least one other component as
provided herein: Provided, further, That private
higher and technical-vocational education
institutions may also offer the ROTC if they have
at least three hundred and fifty (350) cadet
students.
In offering the NSTP whether during the semestral
or summer periods, clustering of affected students
from different educational institutions may be
done, taking into account logistics, branch of
service and geographical considerations. Schools
that do not meet the required number of students
to maintain the optional ROTC and any of the
NSTP components shall allow their students to
cross-enroll to other schools irrespective of
whether or not the NSTP components in said
schools are being administered by the same or
another branch of service of the Armed Forces of
the Philippines (AFP), CHED and TESDA to which
schools are identified.
SEC. 8. Fees and Incentives. — Higher and
technical-vocational institutions shall not collect
any fee for any of the NSTP components except
basic institution fees, which shall not be more
than fifty percent (50%) of what is currently
charged by schools per unit.
In the case of the ROTC, the DND shall formulate
and adopt a program of assistance and/or
incentive to those students who will take the said
component.
The school authorizes concerned, the CHED and
TESDA shall ensure that group insurance for
health and accident shall be provided for students
enrolled in any of the NSTP components.
SEC. 9. Scholarships. — There is hereby created
a Special Scholarship Program for qualified
students taking the NSTP which shall be
administered by the CHED and TESDA. Funds for
this purpose shall be included in the annual
regular appropriations of the CHED and TESDA.
SEC. 10. Management of the NSTP
Components. — The school authorities shall
exercise academic and administrative supervision
over the design, formulation, and adoption and
implementation of the different NSTP components
in their respective schools: Provided, That in case
a CHED- or TESDA-accredited non-government
organization (NGO) has been contracted to
formulate and administer a training module for
any of the NSTP components, such academic and
administrative supervision shall be exercised
jointly with that accredited NGO: Provided,
further, That such training module shall be
accredited by the CHED and TESDA.
The CHED and TESDA regional offices shall
oversee and monitor the implementation of the
NSTP under their jurisdiction to determine if the
trainings are being conducted in consonance with
the objectives of this Act. Periodic reports shall be
submitted to the CHED, TESDA and DND in this
regard.
SEC. 11. Creation of the National Service
Reserve Corps. — There is hereby created a
National Service Reserve Corps, to be composed of
the graduates of the non-ROTC components.
Members of this Corps may be tapped by the State
for literacy and civic welfare activities through the
joint effort of the DND, CHED and TESDA.
Graduates of the ROTC shall form part of the
Citizens’ Armed Force, pursuant to Republic Act
No. 7077.
SEC. 12. Implementing Rules. — The DND,
CHED and TESDA shall have the joint
responsibility for the adoption of the implementing
rules of this Act within sixty (60) days from the
approval of this Act.
These three (3) agencies shall consult with other
concerned government agencies, the PASUC and
COCOPEA, NGOs and recognized student
organizations in drafting the implementing rules.
The implementing rules shall include the
guidelines for the adoption of the appropriate
curriculum for each of the NSTP components as
well as for the accreditation of the same.
SEC. 13. Transitory Provisions. — Students who
have yet to complete the Basic ROTC, except those
falling under Section 14 of this Act, may either
continue in the program component they are
currently enrolled or shift to any of the other
program components of their choice: Provided,
That in case he shifts to another program
component, the Basic ROTC courses he has
completed shall be counted for the purpose of
completing the NSTP requirement: Provided,
further, That once he has shifted to another
program component, he shall complete the NSTP
in that component.
SEC. 14. Suspension of ROTC Requirement. —
The completion of ROTC training as requisite for
graduation is hereby set aside for those students
who despite completing all their academic units as
of the effectivity of this Act have not been allowed
to graduate.
SEC. 15. Separability Clause. — If any section or
provision of this Act shall be declared
unconstitutional or invalid, the other sections or
provisions not affected thereby shall remain in full
force and effect.
SEC. 16. Amendatory Clause. — Section 35 of
Commonwealth Act No. 1, Executive Order No. 207
of 1939, Sections 2 and 3 of Presidential Decree
No. 1706, and Sections 38 and 39 of Republic Act
No. 7077, as well as all laws, decrees, orders, rules
and regulations and other issuances inconsistent
with the provisions of this Act are hereby deemed
amended and modified accordingly.
SEC. 17. Effectivity. — This Act shall take effect
(15) days after its publication in two (2)
newspapers of national circulation, but the
implementation of this Act commences in the
school year of 2002-2003.
Guidelines for the Establishment of the
National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC)
Section 11 of RA 9163
• It provides the creation of National
Services Reserve Corps (NSRC), composed
of graduates of the non-ROTC components:
1. Civic Welfare Training Service (CWTS)
2. Literacy Training Service (LTS)
• Members of the Corps may be tapped by
the state for literacy and civic welfare
activities, through the efforts of
Department of National Defense (DND),
Commission of Higher Education (CHED),
and Technical Skills and Development
Authority (TESDA).
National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC)
Mission
• To provide a trained and motivated
manpower pool that can be tapped by the
state for civic welfare literacy, and other
similar endeavors.
Functions
1. To assist in the disaster preparedness,
mitigation, response, and rehabilitation
programs.
2. To serve as auxiliary to the Disaster
Coordinating Council (DCC) response
units.
3. To assist in the promotion of civic welfare
activities.
4. To assist in the implementation of literacy
programs.
5. To assist in socio economic development
and environmental protection.
6. To perform other similar endeavors
(protecting human rights)
Organization
NSRC is under the umbrella of National Disaster
Coordination Council (NDCC)
National Disaster Coordination Council (NDCC)
→ National Disaster Risk Reduction and
Management Council (NDRRMC)
National Disaster Coordination Council (NDCC)
• NDCC establishment is embodied in
Section 2 of PD 1566
• The head of the Council is the Secretary of
National Defense together with the heads
of 18 departments/ agencies as members.
It includes the Chief of Staff, AFP, Sec-Gen
of PNRC and PIA, Executive Secretary and
the Administrator of OCD who acts as the
Executive Secretary of the Council.
• It is through the NDCC member-agencies
and LDCCs that disaster preparedness,
prevention, mitigation and response tasks
and responsibilities are carried out under
the PDMS
• The NDCC does not have its own regular
budget to disburse.
• It operates through the member-agencies
and its local networks.
NDCC National Disaster Coordinating Councils
17 RDCC: Regional Disaster Coordinating
Councils
81 PDCC: Provincial Disaster Coordinating
Councils
136 CDCC: City Disaster Coordinating
Councils
1495 MDCC: Municipal Disaster Coordinating
Councils
41995 BDCC: Barangay Disaster Coordinating
Councils
RDCC Functions
• Establishes a physical facility to be known
as the Regional Disaster Operations Center
(RDOC)
• Coordinates the disaster operation
activities in the regions
• Implements within the region the
guidelines set by the NDCC
• Advises the Local Disaster Coordinating
Councils on disaster management
• Submits appropriate recommendation to
the NDCC, as necessary
National Service Reserve Corps (NSRC)
Shall have a national, regional, provincial, and
city/municipal level of organization parallel to the
Disaster Coordinating Council (DCC) structures
at all levels.
Activities
• Set for the betterment of life for the
members of the community, enhance of its
facilities and improvement of health,
education, environment, entrepreneurship,
safety, recreation, and morals of the
citizenry.
• Medical and dental missions, dangerous
drug prevention, crime protection,
livelihood, evangelical missions, advocacy
campaigns
• Safety, Bible reading sessions, crime
prevention, recreation
Disaster Coordinating Council (DCC)
• Serve as headquarters of the NSRC at the
respective level organization
• National Center shall be based at the
NDCC Disaster Preparedness Center,
Camp General Emilio Aguinaldo, Quezon
City
Lesson 4
PAGKAMAKADIYOS
Biblical Perspective and Humanistic View of Faith
Kagandahang-loob further ingrained in our
hearts as afflictions and trials of life ravage our
society during the pandemic.
Faith in God if by a person becomes the matrix
from which other virtues essential for good
citizenship are embodied in the preamble of the
constitution.
Respect for life, all living things have moral
status and on account of that should not be killed
or harmed without good reason.
Moral Agents then can have moral responsibilities
towards other living things to protect them from
harm. Moral Agent – a person who has the ability
to discern right from wrong and to be held
accountable for his or her own actions.
Order is structuring your life by identifying your
roles and priorities in the spirit of commitment and
moral responsibility. Order brings life to work.
Virtues to develop the value of Order are:
Prudence wise decision making
Temperance self-restraint
Discipline attitude of self-control
Humility being respectful, truthful, and confident
but never arrogant.
Diligence understanding of what a priority is and
what can be set aside for the time being
Patience quiet hope and trust that things will turn
out right
Resilience not going to give up when the going
gets tough
“You can put your life in order by putting your love
in order” – St. Augustine
Work is an activity involving mental or physical
effort done in order to achieve a purpose or result.
Work is inherent to man for self-worth, self-
reliance, achievement, and living within the values
of discipline, frugality, prudence, and temperance.
Excellence is doing the same thing in a different
way
Creativity is the way of doing different things out
of the same thing, excellence and creativity are the
crowning glories of any work.
Concern for Family & Future Generation. Love,
care and concern is the topmost important family
value; it is expedient that family members are
communicating and uphold strong filial
responsibility. The future of humanity passes by
way of family.
Family is the best place for refuge, strength,
inspiration, example, source of love, and
protection against negative influences of high
technology, materialism, and new age mysticism
that plague and confuse the mind of young family
members.
Prudence wise decision making
Humility being respectful, truthful, and confident
but never arrogant.
Culture everything about the human society.
Civilization breakthrough of the human society.
“Nothing living should ever be treated with
contempt. Whatever it is that lives, a man, a tree,
or a bird, should be touched gently because the
time is short. Civilization is another word for
respect of life” – Elizabeth Goudge
Mental Assent. Merely accepting the established
Truth as truth but do not allow it to have an
impact on us.
Moral Responsibility. The status of morally
deserving praise, blame, reward, or punishment
for an act or omission of being outstanding or
extremely good.
Excellence. The quality of being outstanding or
extremely good.
Creativity. The use of the imagination or original
ideas, especially in the production of artistic work.
PAGKAMAKATAO (HUMANISM)
“If I speak in the tongues of men or of angels, but
do not have love, I am only a resounding gong or a
clanging cymbal. If I have the gift of prophecy and
can fathom all mysteries and all knowledge, and if
I have faith that can move mountains, but do not
have love, I am nothing. If I give all I possess to the
poor and give over my body to hardship that I may
boast, but do not have love, I gain nothing.” – 1st
Corinthians 13:1-3
“Love is basic fir the birth of a true society, while
violence has in it the essence of anti-sociality. Love
is positive, is eternal: violence is degeneracy, it is
its own destruction” – Toyohiko Kagawa
“Civilization is first of all a moral thing. Without
truth, respect for duty, love of neighbor, and
virtue, everything is destroyed. The morality of a
society is alone the basis of civilization” – Henri
Frederic Amiel
“When a people are denied light, home, freedom,
justice, all the good things without which life is not
possible, and which constitute man’s patrimony, a
person has the right to deal with the people who
despoil him, like a thief who assaults us in the
roadway. No qualifications, no exceptions” – Jose
P. Rizal
Love is the ingredient that purifies all motive of
human activities and the touchstone of the true
intention of the heart.
Freedom is the power to act or not to act, and so
to perform deliberate acts of one’s own.
Basis of Freedom lies in the individuality of a
human being who is capable of thinking, caring,
relating with others.
Value of Freedom it is never without
responsibility
Fruit of Freedom is cultivated by people’s genuine
sense of cooperation and sense of responsibility for
their actions for the benefit of the common good.
Peace is more than just the absence of conflict; it
is taking action to restore a broken situation.
Peace is more than a state of inner tranquility; it’s
a state of wholeness and completeness.
Unity we can live with others in unity and one
accord through the bonds of peace and to be
peacemakers with our neighbor, friends, and foes.
Truth is that which is consistent with the mind,
will, character, glory and being of God. Truth is the
conformity to fact or reality; exact accordance with
that which is or has been or shall be. Truth is the
true or actual state of a matter: conformity with
fact or reality; verity.
Justice is the principle that people receive that
which they deserve. Justice is the condition of
being morally correct or fair.
Four different types of Justice:
Distributive (Determining who gets what)
Procedural (Determining how fairly people are
treated)
Retributive (Based on punishment for
wrongdoing)
Restorative (Which tries to restore relationships
to “rightness”)
Humanism. An outlook or system of thought
attaching prime importance to human rather that
divine or supernatural matters. Humanist beliefs
stress the potential value and good ness of human
beings, emphasize common human needs, and
seek solely rational ways of solving human
problems.
Civilized. At an advanced stage of social and
cultural development.
PAGKAMAKABAYAN (NATIONALISM)
Filipino Nationalism refers to the establishment
and support of a political identity associated with
the modern nation-state of the Philippines, leading
to a wide-ranging campaign for political, social,
and economic freedom in the Philippines
Unity is sharing a common vision and working
together towards the same dream of justice,
prosperity & happiness. Unity is solidarity in the
service of humanity. It is the key by which we can
triumph over corruption, injustices, decadent
values, and violence.
The Law is not meant to curtail freedom, but to
ensure that every citizen acts responsibly while
exercising his freedom.
The Law & Government are not meant to enslave
people; they are meant to establish order and free
people form poverty, ignorance, insecurity,
violence, and disregard.
Patriotism pertains to the love or a nation, with
more emphasis on values and beliefs.
Nationalism means giving more
importance to unity by way of cultural
background, including language and heritage.
Patriotism pertains to the love for a nation,
with more emphasis on values and beliefs.
Nationalism means giving more importance to
unity by way of cultural background, including
language and heritage.
Equality the concept of human rights is based on
the belief that all people are of equal value and
dignity just because they are human beings. No
person, organization or government should
prevent someone from living in dignity, choosing a
way of earning a living, spending time with whom
they want, and believing in what they want.
Human rights are meant for everyone
equally, no matter what their race, religion,
culture, nationality, age, sex, beliefs, disability,
sexual orientation, or intelligence.’
Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of
Human Rights (UDHR), adopted in 1948, states
that “all human beings are born free and equal in
dignity and rights”. It is the foundation stone of all
the human rights documents that have followed it.
Promotion of Common Good
• Common good (also commonwealth,
general welfare, or public benefit) refers
to either what is shared and beneficial for
all or most members of a given community,
or alternatively, what is achieved by
citizenship, collective action, and active
participation in the realm of politics and
public service.
• Promotion of Common Good means
Contributing to the common goods
involves accepting the responsibility to
engage in the political and civic processes
that will ensure that all citizens benefit from
the policies and decisions made by
congress, legislators, judges, and other
decision-makers.
• Being vigilant and steadfast in guarding our
human rights
• Is working towards things that promote the
greater good of the many contrary to the
personal gain or benefit of a select few.
Suffrage [right to vote] may be exercised by all
citizens of the Philippines not otherwise
disqualified by law, who are the least eighteen
years of age, and who shall have resided in the
Philippines for at least one year, and in the place
wherein they purpose to vote, for at least six
months immediately preceding the election. No
literacy, property other substantive requirements
shall be imposed on the exercise of suffrage.
Identity Politics. Political approach wherein
people of a particular race, religion, gender, social
background, social class, environmental or other
identifying factors develop political agendas that
are based upon these identities.
A nation-state. A political unit where the state
and nation are congruent. It is a more precise than
“country” since a country does not need to have a
predominant ethnic group.
Altruism. The behavior of an animal that benefits
another at its own expense.
Progeny. Descendants or the descendant of a
person, animal, or plant.
Suffrage. The right to vote in political elections.
PAGKAMA-KAKALIKASAN
“Then the Lord took the man and put him in the
Garden of Eden to tend and keep it.” Genesis 1:15
For the creation was subjected to futility…
because the creation itself also will be delivered
from the bandage of corruption [decay] into the
glorious liberty of the children of God” Romans
8:20-21
“Sooner or later, we will have recognized that the
Earth has rights, too, to live without pollution.
What mankind must know is that human beings
cannot live without Mother Earth, but the planet
can live without humans.” Evo Morales
“For 200 years we’ve been conquering nature. Now
we are beating it to death” Tom McMillan
Global Warming – Fossil fuel utilization brings
about the discharge of greenhouse gasses, which
causes environmental change and global warming.
Acid Rain – happens because of the vicinity of
specific poisons in the climate. Corrosive
downpour might be brought about because of the
use of fossil fuels or volcanoes or spoiling
vegetation which discharges sulfur dioxide and
nitrogen oxides into the air.
air pollution- Air contamination is created by
different gasses and poisons discharged by
businesses and manufacturing plants and the
burning of fossil fills.
urban sprawl alludes to the relocation of the
populace from high-thickness urban ranges to
low-density provincial zones which brings about
the spreading of the city over the more rustic
[rural] area.
waste disposal - Waste management or Waste
disposal is all the activities and actions required to
manage waste from its inception to its final
disposal. This includes amongst other things,
collection, transport, treatment, and disposal of
waste together with monitoring and regulation.
• The waste humans generate waste has been
detrimental to our environment for quite
some time now. Humans are generating too
much trash and cannot deal with it in a
sustainable way.
ozone layer depletion - A layer in the earth's
stratosphere at an altitude of about 6.2 miles (10
km) contains a high concentration of ozone, which
absorbs most of the ultraviolet radiation reaching
the earth from the sun.
Water pollution - clean drinking water is turning
into an uncommon thing. Water is turning into a
monetary and political concern as the human
populace battles for this need. Waste from
industrial and agricultural activities pollutes the
water that is used by humans, animals, and
plants,
Climate change Environmental change has
different destructive impacts that include, but are
not limited to, the melting of polar ice, change in
seasons, new sicknesses, and changes in the
general climate situation
Genetic modification [e.g., MGO] utilizing
biotechnology is called genetic engineering.
Genetic engineering of food brings about expanded
poisons and sicknesses as qualities from a
hypersensitive plant can exchange to the target
plant. Some of these crops can even be a threat to
the world around us, as animals start to ingest the
unnatural chemicals and such.
Carbon footprint is defined as the amount of
carbon (usually in tons) being emitted by an
organization, event, product or individual directly
or indirectly. Everyone's carbon footprint is
different depending on their location, habits and
personal choice. Each of us contributes to the
greenhouse gas emissions either by the way we
travel, the food we eat, the amount of electricity we
consume and many more.
Essentially, the carbon footprint is the amount of
carbon dioxide released into the Earth's
atmosphere due to the daily activities of
humankind, whether domestically or
commercially.
Generativity is the concern for and care of the
next generation. Research suggests that adults
who are actively engaged in care for the
environment cite a generative concern about the
state of the natural world being left to future
generations as a significant motivator.
Biblical quotations from Taking-Off, the ‘law of
ownership' points to God, not to us. The original
owner of any invention is the creator of it so is God
who is the Creator of earth. We are theoretically
and technically caretakers rather than owners of
this earth. Man's appropriate position or say
function in relation to God regarding this earth is
that of a steward.
A Steward is a person employed to manage
another's property, especially a large house or
estate. [Webster Dictionary].
Stewardship is the responsibility that Christians
have in maintaining and using wisely the gifts that
God has bestowed.
God has created a world in which humans have a
special role as stewards of creation. This means
they should look after the interests of the planet
and all life on it. This belief is more about living in
harmony with nature.
In being a good steward of our environment, one
key concept is that we must manage this earth as
if we are its owner which will put us in a position
of fighting for it to the last breath.
Ownership is an attitude rather than reality since
God is the real owner and we are His caretakers
[stewards]. The big difference in this kind of
concept is that: positively the stewards reap all
the benefits of being a good one and negatively
received the greatest impact of environmental
degradation. This should raise an urgency to
consider the startling rate of deterioration which,
for much of philandering was incurred by human
activities.
Environmental concern is an individual
evaluation of the environmental consequences of
one's own behavior. It's time that we do something
about it in all earnestness.
1. Green Gasses. Gases in Earth's atmosphere
trap heat. They let sunlight pass through the
atmosphere, but they prevent the heat that the
sunlight brings from leaving the atmosphere. The
main greenhouse gases are Water vapor. Carbon
dioxide.
2. Ozone Layer. A layer in the earth's stratosphere
at an altitude of about 6.2 miles (10 km) contains
a high concentration of ozone, which absorbs most
of the ultraviolet radiation reaching the earth from
the sun.
3. Fossil Fuels. Natural fuels such as coal or gas,
formed in the geological past from the remains of
living organisms.
4. Global Warming. The gradual increase in the
overall temperature of the earth's atmosphere is
generally attributed to the greenhouse effect
caused by increased levels of carbon dioxide,
chlorofluorocarbons, and other pollutants.
5. Acid Rain. Rainfall is made sufficiently acidic
by atmospheric pollution that it causes
environmental harm, typically to forests and lakes.
The main cause is the industrial burning of coal
and other fossil fuels.
6. GMO. [genetically modified organism), is a
plant, animal, microorganism, or other organism
whose genetic makeup has been modified in a
laboratory using genetic engineering or transgenic
technology. This creates combinations of plant,
animal, bacterial and virus genes that do not occur
in nature or through traditional crossbreeding
methods.