SỰ THỂ HIỆN BẰNG CHỮ QUỐC NGỮ CỦA CÁC ÂM VỊ ĐOẠN TÍNH

TRONG TIẾNG VIỆT

1. Âm đầu

TT Âm vị Chữ viết (+ bối cảnh) Ví dụ

1 /b-/ b buôn bán
2 /m-/ m may mắn
3 /f-/ ph phong phú
4 /v-/ v vỗ về
5 /t-/ t tin tưởng
6 /t’-/ th thảnh thơi
7 /d-/ đ đúng đắn
8 /n-/ n nắn nót
9 /z-/ d/gi giầy da
10 /ʐ-/ r rõ ràng
11 /s-/ x xinh xắn
12 /ş-/ s sẵn sàng
13 /c-/ ch chích choè
14 /ʈ-/ tr trống trải
15 /ɲ-/ nh nhắn nhủ
16 /l-/ l lo lắng
k (+ âm chính /-i-, -ε-, -e-, -ie-/) kim, kê, kem, kiếm
17 /k-/ q (+ âm đệm /-w-/) quê, quán, quyên
c (các trường hợp còn lại) con, cà, cuống
18 /χ-/ kh khúc khích
ngh (+ âm chính /-i-, -e-, -ε-, -ie-/) nghĩ, nghê, nghe, nghiêng
19 /ŋ-/
ng (các trường hợp còn lại) ngon, ngủ, ngô, ngoa
gh (+ âm chính /-i-, -e-, -ε-, -ie-/) ghi, ghế, ghè, ghiền
20 /ɣ-/
g (các trường hợp còn lại) gỗ, gay gắt, góa
21 /h-/ h hà, hơn, hớn, hớt hải
22 /ʔ-/ vắng mặt ăn, uống, yêu, ái

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2. Âm đệm

TT Âm vị Chữ viết Ví dụ
(+ bối cảnh)

u (âm đầu /k-/ quyên, quăn

/-u̯ -/ hoặc âm chính là /-i-, -e-, -ɤ-, - ɤ̆-, -ie-/) huy, thuế, huơ, thuần, chuyện
1 hoặc
/-w-/
o (các trường hợp còn lại)
hoá, hoè, choắt, loang

2 /zero/ vắng mặt lá, nhiên, lương

3. Âm cuối

Chữ viết
TT Âm vị Ví dụ
(+ bối cảnh)
1 /-m/ m ám, lắm
2 /-n/ n in, nghẹn
nh (âm chính /-i-, -e-, -ɛ̆-/) inh, kính, mệnh, mạnh
3 /-ŋ/
ng (các trường hợp còn lại) ông, xong, siêng, keng
4 /-p/ p úp, lấp
5 /-t/ t át, cắt
ch (sau âm chính /-i-, -e-, -ɛ̆-/)
ích, mếch, cạch
6 /-k/
c (các trường hợp còn lại) ác, lắc, bọc

o (sau âm chính /-a-, -ε-/) áo, xạo, kéo

7 /-w/
u (các trường hợp còn lại) au, mếu, nấu, rượu
y (sau âm chính /-ă-, -ɤ̆-/)
máy, cậy
8 /-j/
i (các trường hợp còn lại) cài, ngoái, tươi
9 /zero/ vắng mặt à, nghe, mã

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 4. Âm chính

TT Chữ viết
Âm vị Ví dụ
(+ bối cảnh)

1 y (khi âm đầu, đệm, cuối đều là âm

/zero/; hoặc sau âm đệm /-u̯ -/ y (học), ý (kiến), thuý, suy

/-i-/

i (các trường hợp còn lại) im, đi, nhịn, minh

2 /-e-/ ê khế, tên, bệnh

3 /-ε-/ e bé, kén, nhẹm

4 /-u-/ u xu, cúng

5 /-o-/ ô (các trường hợp còn lại) cô, dốt, bốn
6 ôô (+ âm cuối /-ŋ/) bôông
7 /-ɯ-/ ư tư, cứng, chừa
8 /-ɤ-/ ơ mơ, lớn, lớp
9 /-a-/ a ra, tai, qua, quai
10 /-ɤ̆-/ â mân, lấn, lấp, khuâng
11 a (âm cuối /-u̯ , -j/) rau, tay, quay
/-ă-/
ă (các trường hợp còn lại) cắn, đắng
12 /-ɔ̆-/ o (+ âm cuối /-ŋ, -k/) cong, móc

13 a (+ âm cuối /-ŋ, -k/ đã ngạc hóa

/-ɛ̆-/ nhanh, ách, ngách, bạch
thành /ɲ/, /c/

14
yê (âm đầu /ʔ-/; âm đệm /-u̯ -/), yêu, yểng, uyên,
/-ie-/
âm cuối khác /zero/) tuyển

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 iê (âm đệm /zero/, âm cuối khác
tiến, miếng
/zero/)
ya (âm đệm /-w-/, âm cuối /zero/) khuya, tuya
ia (âm đệm /zero/, âm cuối /zero/) mía, tia, bịa
15 ươ (âm cuối khác /zero/) ưỡn, lượng
/-ɯɤ-/
ưa (âm cuối /zero/) ưa, cứa

uô (âm cuối khác /zero/) uốn, muỗng

/-uo-/
16 ua (âm cuối /zero/) úa, bùa

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1) What is a kiss? Have you ever thought about it? Have you ever thought about all the different kisses
you might give, or someone give you?
2) There are three main kinds of kisses. First, there are kisses between parents and children. For children
kisses should be short, non-sexual, and on appropriate places like heads and hands. These kisses help
children understand they are special and loved.
3) Second there are kisses of greetings. These kinds of kisses are different from country to country. They
are governed by the rule of that culture. For example, in Agentina, when two people meet, they give
each other a kiss on the right side of face - the cheek. But it is usually not a real kiss. The cheeks touch
and they make a small kissing sound. No lips or mouth touch at all.
4) Most animals do not kiss. But they are much better at smelling things than humans. Humans need to
be much closer to each other to smell.

5) Love is more than a noun - it is a verb; it is more than a feeling - it is caring, sharing, helping,
sacrificing. (William Arther Ward)
6) A true friend knows your weakness but show you your strengths; feels your fears but fortifies your
faith; sees your anxieties but frees your spirit; recognizes your disabilities but emphasizes your
possibilitis.

7) Forget the pains, sorrows and sadness behind. Let us welcome this New Year with big smiles.

8) As humans, we need to be heard. Having a friend who can just sit and listen, is one of the best friends
to have.
9) In my younger and vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I’ve been turning over in my
mind ever since. (F.Scott Fizgerald, The Great Gasby)

10) “Whenever you feel like criticizing any one,” he told me, “just remember that all the people in this
world haven’t had the advantages that you’ve had.” (F.Scott Fizgerald, The Great Gasby)

11) My family have been prominent, well-to-do people in this Middle Western city for three generations.
(F.Scott Fizgerald, The Great Gasby)
12) On Sunday morning while church bells rang in the villages alongshore, the world and its mistress
returned to Gastby’s house and twinkled hilariously on his lawn. (F.Scott Fizgerald, The Great Gasby)
13) I was in the middle of preparing lunch when the phone rang again. I had cut two slices of bread,
spread them with butter and mustard, filled them with slices of tomato and cheese, set the whole on the
chopping board, and I was just about to cut it in half when the bell started ringing. (Haruki Murakami,
The Wind-up bird chronicle)
14) As it turned out, I didn’t have to find the woman. She found me. When I arrived at the tearoom, I did
the quick circuit, looking for the red hat. There are no women with red hats. My watch showed ten
minutes to four. I took the seat, drank the water they brought me, and ordered a cup of coffee. No
sooner had the waitress left my table then I heard the woman behind me saying, “You must be Mr Toru
Okada.” Surprised, I spun around. Not three minutes had gone since my survey of the room. (Haruki
Murakami, The Wind-up bird chronicle)

15) I kept thinking about the Nomonhan battlefield after Kumiko fell asleep. The soldiers were all asleep
there. The sky overhead was filled with stars, and millions of crikets were chirping. I could hear the river.
I fell asleep listening to its flow. (Haruki Murakami, The Wind-up bird chronicle)

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