accompany (v) /əˈkəmpəni/ "đì kèm, đồng hành, kéo theo" '=to happen or appear

with something else The text is [accompanied] by a series of stunning

photographs. Văn bản được [kèm theo] một loạt các bức ảnh tuyệt đẹp. "In
passage: They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked
by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis;
the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and the
solar year, defined by the changing seasons that accompany our planet’s revolution
around the sun."
adjust to (v) /əˈʤəst tɪ/ thích nghi với '=to get used to a new situation by
changing the way you behave and/or think It can be difficult to [adjust to] being
a parent. Có thể khó [điều chỉnh] để trở thành cha mẹ. "In passage: The advent
of the mechanical clock meant that although it could be adjusted to maintain
temporal hours, it was naturally suited to keeping equal ones."
advent (n) /ˈædˌvɛnt/ "Sự đến, sự tới (của một sự việc gì quan trọng)" "'=the
coming of an important event, person, invention, etc." the [advent] of new
technology [sự ra đời] của công nghệ mới "In passage: According to archaeological
evidence, at least 5,000 years ago, and long before the advent of the Roman Empire,
the Babylonians began to measure time, introducing calendars to co-ordinate
communal activities, to plan the shipment of goods and, in particular, to regulate
planting and harvesting."
anchor (n) /ˈæŋkər/ "cái neo, mỏ neo" '=a heavy metal object that is attached
to a rope or chain and dropped over the side of a ship or boat to keep it in one
place We raised the [anchor] and set sail. Chúng tôi nâng [mỏ neo] và ra khơi.
"In passage: It was called the anchor escapement, which was a lever-based
device shaped like a ship’s anchor."
archaeological (adj) /ˌɑrkiəˈlɑʤɪkəl/ thuộc về khảo cổ học '=involving or
relating to archaeology Uprooting trees will disturb any [archaeological] remains
below ground level Việc nhổ cây sẽ làm xáo trộn bất kỳ di tích [khảo cổ] nào
dưới mặt đất "In passage: According to archaeological evidence, at least 5,000
years ago, and long before the advent of the Roman Empire, the Babylonians began to
measure time, introducing calendars to co-ordinate communal activities, to plan the
shipment of goods and, in particular, to regulate planting and harvesting."
astronomical (adj) /ˌæstrəˈnɑmɪkəl/ thuộc thiên văn học '=connected with
astronomy "Of all of the [astronomical] objects, the Sun is the most important to
human beings." "Trong tất cả các vật thể [thiên văn], Mặt trời là vật thể quan
trọng nhất đối với con người." "In passage: The schemes that divided the day
into 24 equal parts varied according to the start of the count: Italian hours began
at sunset, Babylonian hours at sunrise, astronomical hours at midday and ‘great
clock’ hours, used for some large public clocks in Germany, at midnight."
axis (n) /ˈæksəs/ trục quay "'=a real or imaginary straight line going
through the centre of a object that is spinning, or a line that divides a
symmetrical shape into two equal halves" The earth revolves around the [axis] that
joins the North and South Poles. Trái đất quay quanh [trục] nối hai cực Bắc và
Nam. "In passage: They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar
day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on
its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth;
and the solar year, defined by the changing seasons that accompany our planet’s
revolution around the sun."
beam down (phrasal v) /bim daʊn/ chiếu tia xuống "'=to send out a beam of
light, an electrical or radio signal, etc." The sun [beamed down] on the boat
as it drifted along. Mặt trời [chiếu xuống] trên con thuyền khi nó trôi theo.
"In passage: Moreover, not only do time signals beamed down from Global
Positioning System satellites calibrate the functions of precision navigation
equipment, they do so as well for mobile phones, instant stock-trading systems and
nationwide power-distribution grids."
calibrate (v) /ˈkæləˌbreɪt/ định cỡ '=to mark units of measurement on an
instrument such as a thermometer so that it can be used for measuring something
accurately a [calibrated] stick for measuring the amount of oil in an engine
một thanh [đã hiệu chỉnh] để đo lượng dầu trong động cơ "In passage:
Moreover, not only do time signals beamed down from Global Positioning System
satellites calibrate the functions of precision navigation equipment, they do so as
well for mobile phones, instant stock-trading systems and nationwide power-
distribution grids."
clime (n) "vùng, miền, xứ" '=a country with a particular kind of climate I'm
heading for sunnier [climes] next month. Tôi đang hướng tới [khí hậu] nắng hơn vào
tháng tới. "In passage: Hence, the calendars that were developed at the lower
latitudes were influenced more by the lunar cycle than by the solar year. In more
northern climes, however, where seasonal agriculture was practised, the solar year
became more crucial."
commence (v) /kəˈmɛns/ bắt đầu '=to begin to happen; to begin something The
meeting is scheduled to [commence] at noon. Cuộc họp dự kiến [bắt đầu] vào buổi
trưa. "In passage: Eventually these were superseded by ‘small clock’, or French,
hours, which split the day into two 12-hour periods commencing at midnight."
conspicuous (adj) /kənˈspɪkjuəs/ "dễ thấy, dễ nhận biết" '=easy to see or notice;
likely to attract attention Mary's red hair always made her [conspicuous]at
school. Mái tóc đỏ của Mary luôn khiến cô ấy [dễ thấy] ở trường. "In passage:
Before the invention of artificial light, the moon had greater social impact. And,
for those living near the equator in particular, its waxing and waning was more
conspicuous than the passing of the seasons."
coordinate (v) /koʊˈɔrdəˌneɪt/ điều phối '=to organize the different parts
of an activity and the people involved in it so that it works well We need to
develop a [coordinated] approach to the problem. Chúng ta cần phát triển một
cách tiếp cận [có phối hợp] đối với vấn đề. "In passage: According to
archaeological evidence, at least 5,000 years ago, and long before the advent of
the Roman Empire, the Babylonians began to measure time, introducing calendars to
co-ordinate communal activities, to plan the shipment of goods and, in particular,
to regulate planting and harvesting."
cosmic (adj) /ˈkɑzmɪk/ liên quan đến vũ trụ '=connected with the whole universe
Do you believe in a [cosmic] plan? Bạn có tin vào một kế hoạch [vũ trụ]
không? "In passage: The cosmic significance the Egyptians placed in the 12
decans led them to develop a system in which each interval of darkness (and later,
each interval of daylight) was divided into a dozen equal parts."
counterpart (n) /ˈkaʊntərˌpɑrt/ bộ phận tương ứng '=a person or thing that has
the same position or purpose as another person or thing in a different place or
organization The president will meet with his Brazilian [counterpart]
tomorrow. Tổng thống sẽ gặp [người đồng cấp] Brazil vào ngày mai. "In passage:
The sundial’s counterpart, the water clock, was designed to measure temporal hours
at night."
define (v) /dɪˈfaɪn/ "xác định, định nghĩa" '=to describe or show the nature or
range of somebody/something We have never [defined] ourselves in our own right.
Chúng ta chưa bao giờ [định nghĩa] bản thân theo đúng nghĩa của chúng ta.
"In passage: They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar
day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on
its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth;
and the solar year, defined by the changing seasons that accompany our planet’s
revolution around the sun."
denote (v) /dɪˈnoʊt/ cho thấy '=to be a sign of something A very high
temperature often [denotes] a serious illness. Nhiệt độ quá cao thường [biểu thị]
một căn bệnh nghiêm trọng. In passage: The falling water level denoted the
passing hour as it dipped below hour lines inscribed on the inner surface.
descend (v) /dɪˈsɛnd/ được truyền lại '=to be related to somebody who lived a
long time ago He claims [to be descended from] a Spanish prince. Anh ta tuyên
bố [là hậu duệ của] một hoàng tử Tây Ban Nha. "In passage: The revolutionary
aspect of this new timekeeper was neither the descending weight that provided its
motive force nor the gear wheels (which had been around for at least 1,300 years)
that transferred the power; it was the part called the escapement."
design (v) /dɪˈzaɪn/ thiết kế "'=to decide how something will look, work,
etc., by drawing plans, making computer models, etc." He [designed] and built his
own house. Anh ấy [thiết kế] và xây dựng ngôi nhà của riêng mình. "In passage:
The sundial’s counterpart, the water clock, was designed to measure temporal hours
at night."
devise (v) /dɪˈvaɪz/ sáng chế "'=to invent a plan, system, object, etc.,
usually using your intelligence or imagination" He's good at [devising] language
games that you can play with students in class. Anh ấy giỏi [nghĩ ra] các trò chơi
ngôn ngữ mà bạn có thể chơi với học sinh trong lớp. "In passage: By the 16th
century, a pendulum clock had been devised, but the pendulum swung in a large arc
and thus was not very efficient."
disseminate (v) /dɪˈsɛməˌneɪt/ gieo rắc "'=to spread information,
knowledge, etc. so that it reaches many people" Their findings have been widely
[disseminated]. Những phát hiện của họ đã được [phổ biến] rộng rãi. "In passage:
Temporal hours, which were first adopted by the Greeks and then the Romans, who
disseminated them through Europe, remained in use for more than 2,500 years."
divide into (v) /dɪˈvaɪd ˈɪntu/ chia thành '=to separate into parts; to make
something separate into parts The questions [divide into] two categories: easy and
hard. Các câu hỏi [chia thành] hai loại: dễ và khó. "In passage: The cosmic
significance the Egyptians placed in the 12 decans led them to develop a system in
which each interval of darkness (and later, each interval of daylight) was divided
into a dozen equal parts."
drip (v) /drɪp/ (chất lỏng) nhỏ giọt '=(of liquid) to fall in small drops
She was hot and sweat [dripped] into her eyes. Cô ấy nóng và mồ hôi [nhỏ
giọt] vào mắt cô ấy. In passage: One of the first water clocks was a basin with
a small hole near the bottom through which the water dripped out.
equator (n) /ɪkˈweɪtər/ đường xích đạo '=an imaginary line drawn around
the middle of the earth an equal distance from the North Pole and the South Pole
Indonesia lies on the [equator]. Indonesia nằm trên [xích đạo]. "In
passage: Before the invention of artificial light, the moon had greater social
impact. And, for those living near the equator in particular, its waxing and waning
was more conspicuous than the passing of the seasons."
equinox (n) /ˈikwəˌnɑks/ "điểm xuân phân, thu phân" '=one of the two times
in the year (around 20 March and 22 September) when the sun is above the equator
and day and night are of equal length the spring/autumn [equinox] mùa xuân /
mùa thu [phân] "In passage: Summer hours were long, winter ones short; only at
the spring and autumn equinoxes were the hours of daylight and darkness equal."
escapement (n) /ɪˈskeɪpmənt/ Cái hồi (ở đồng hồ) '=a machine in a clock or
watch that transfers movement from the spring or weight to a wheel or pendulum that
is connected to the hands [Escapements] are also used in other mechanisms
besides timepieces. [Escapements] cũng được sử dụng trong các cơ chế khác ngoài
đồng hồ. "In passage: The revolutionary aspect of this new timekeeper was
neither the descending weight that provided its motive force nor the gear wheels
(which had been around for at least 1,300 years) that transferred the power; it was
the part called the escapement."
fail to... (v) /feɪl tɪ.../ thất bại/ không làm được '=to not be successful
in achieving something The department [failed to meet] its sales targets. Bộ
phận [không đạt được] mục tiêu bán hàng của mình. In passage: So integral have
these time-based technologies become to day-to-day existence that our dependency on
them is recognised only when they fail to work.
formulate (v) /ˈfɔrmjəˌleɪt/ tạo ra "'=to create or prepare something
carefully, giving particular attention to the details" The compost is specially
[formulated] for pot plants. Phân trộn được [công thức] đặc biệt cho cây trồng
trong chậu. "In passage: Centuries before the Roman Empire, the Egyptians had
formulated a municipal calendar having 12 months of 30 days, with five days added
to approximate the solar year."
fusee (n) bánh côn (đồng hồ) "'=a conical pulley or wheel, especially in a
watch or clock." "The [fusee] , made of stiff hog bristle, prevented the spring
from being wound too tightly." "[Cầu chì], được làm bằng lông heo cứng, giúp
lò xo không bị quấn quá chặt." In passage: In the early 1400s came the
invention of the coiled spring or fusee which maintained constant force to the gear
wheels of the timekeeper despite the changing tension of its mainspring.
inscribe (v) /ˌɪnˈskraɪb/ khắc "'=to write or cut words, your name, etc. onto
something" The names of the king and queen were [inscribed] above the door. Tên
của nhà vua và hoàng hậu được [khắc] phía trên cửa. In passage: The falling water
level denoted the passing hour as it dipped below hour lines inscribed on the inner
surface.
interval (n) /ˈɪntərvəl/ "Khoảng (thời gian, không gian), khoảng cách" '=a
period of time between two events He knocked on the door and after a brief
[interval] it was opened. "Anh ấy gõ cửa và sau một khoảng thời gian ngắn, nó
đã được mở ra." "In passage: The cosmic significance the Egyptians placed in the
12 decans led them to develop a system in which each interval of darkness (and
later, each interval of daylight) was divided into a dozen equal parts."
latitudes (n) /ˈlætəˌtudz/ vùng vĩ độ '=an area near to a particular latitude
At these [latitudes] the sun does not rise at all on winter days. "Ở
những [vĩ độ] này, mặt trời hoàn toàn không mọc vào những ngày mùa đông." "In
passage: Hence, the calendars that were developed at the lower latitudes were
influenced more by the lunar cycle than by the solar year. In more northern climes,
however, where seasonal agriculture was practised, the solar year became more
crucial."
measure (n) /ˈmɛʒər/ "tính toán, đánh giá" "'=to judge the importance, value
or effect of something" "How does a teacher [measure] performance in music or gym,
for example?" "Ví dụ, một giáo viên [đo lường] hiệu suất trong âm nhạc hoặc thể
dục như thế nào?" "In passage: According to archaeological evidence, at least 5,000
years ago, and long before the advent of the Roman Empire, the Babylonians began to
measure time, introducing calendars to co-ordinate communal activities, to plan the
shipment of goods and, in particular, to regulate planting and harvesting."
municipal (adj) /mjuˈnɪsəpəl/ thuộc thành phố '=of or belonging to a town
or city Schools and [municipal] offices were closed to enable pupils and
employees to attend. Các trường học và văn phòng [thành phố] đã bị đóng cửa để
tạo điều kiện cho học sinh và nhân viên theo học. "In passage: Centuries before
the Roman Empire, the Egyptians had formulated a municipal calendar having 12
months of 30 days, with five days added to approximate the solar year."
navigation (n) /ˌnævəˈgeɪʃən/ sự định vị '=the act or science of finding a
way from one place to another The worldwide market for satellite [navigation]
systems is worth billions of dollars. Thị trường toàn cầu cho các hệ thống
[định vị] vệ tinh trị giá hàng tỷ đô la. "In passage: Moreover, not only do time
signals beamed down from Global Positioning System satellites calibrate the
functions of precision navigation equipment, they do so as well for mobile phones,
instant stock-trading systems and nationwide power-distribution grids."
orbit (v) /ˈɔrbət/ đi theo quỹ đạo '=to follow a curved path around a planet
or star On this mission the Shuttle will [orbit] the Earth at a height of
several hundred miles. "Trong nhiệm vụ này, Tàu con thoi sẽ [quay quanh] Trái đất
ở độ cao vài trăm dặm." "In passage: They based their calendars on three natural
cycles: the solar day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as
the earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as
it orbits the earth; and the solar year, defined by the changing seasons that
accompany our planet’s revolution around the sun."
pendulum (n) /ˈpɛnʤələm/ quả lắc/ con lắc '=a long straight part with a
weight at the end that moves regularly from side to side to control the movement of
a clock The [pendulum] in the grandfather clock swung back and forth. [Con
lắc] trong chiếc đồng hồ của ông nội lắc qua lắc lại. "In passage: By the 16th
century, a pendulum clock had been devised, but the pendulum swung in a large arc
and thus was not very efficient."
regulate (v) /ˈrɛgjəˌleɪt/ "quy định, điều khiển, điều chỉnh" '=to control
something by means of rules The department is responsible for [regulating] the
insurance industry. Bộ chịu trách nhiệm [điều tiết] ngành bảo hiểm. In passage:
Nearly all computers contain a quartz-crystal clock to regulate their operation.
revolution (n) /ˌrɛvəˈluʃən/ sự vòng quanh '=one complete circular movement of
something The [revolution] of the earth around the sun was proposed by
Copernicus. [Cuộc cách mạng] trái đất quay quanh mặt trời do Copernicus đề xuất.
"In passage: They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar
day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on
its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth;
and the solar year, defined by the changing seasons that accompany our planet’s
revolution around the sun."
rotate (v) /ˈroʊˌteɪt/ "xoay, chuyển động vòng" '=to move or turn around a
central fixed point; to make something do this Stay well away from the helicopter
when its blades start to [rotate]. Tránh xa trực thăng khi các lưỡi của nó bắt đầu
[xoay]. "In passage: They based their calendars on three natural cycles: the
solar day, marked by the successive periods of light and darkness as the earth
rotates on its axis; the lunar month, following the phases of the moon as it orbits
the earth; and the solar year, defined by the changing seasons that accompany our
planet’s revolution around the sun."
satisfactorily (adv) /ˌsætɪsˈfæktrəli/ 1 cách hài lòng '=in a way that is good
or good enough for a particular need or purpose I'm sure these problems can be
[satisfactorily] resolved. Tôi chắc rằng những vấn đề này có thể được giải quyết
[một cách thỏa đáng]. "In passage: Although these devices performed
satisfactorily around the Mediterranean, they could not always be depended on in
the cloudy and often freezing weather of northern Europe."
seasonal (adj) /ˈsizənəl/ theo mùa '=happening or needed during a particular
season; varying with the seasons [seasonal] variations in unemployment figures
Các biến thể [theo mùa] trong số liệu thất nghiệp "In passage: Hence, the
calendars that were developed at the lower latitudes were influenced more by the
lunar cycle than by the solar year. In more northern climes, however, where
seasonal agriculture was practised, the solar year became more crucial."
span (v) /spæn/ kéo dài qua '=to last all through a period of time or to cover
the whole of it Family photos [spanning] five generations were stolen. Ảnh
gia đình [trải dài] năm thế hệ đã bị đánh cắp. "In passage: At the rise of the
star Sirius just before sunrise, which occurred around the all-important annual
flooding of the Nile, 12 decans could be seen spanning the heavens."
split (v) /splɪt/ phân chia "'=to divide, or to make something divide, into
two or more parts" She [split] the class into groups of four. Cô ấy [chia]
lớp thành các nhóm bốn người. "In passage: Eventually these were superseded by
‘small clock’, or French, hours, which split the day into two 12-hour periods
commencing at midnight."
spring (n) /spərɪŋ/ lò xo '=a piece of curved or bent metal that can be pressed
into a smaller space but then returns to its usual shape The children have jumped
on the couch so much that they've ruined the [springs]. Những đứa trẻ đã nhảy
trên chiếc ghế dài đến nỗi chúng đã phá hỏng [lò xo]. In passage: In the early
1400s came the invention of the coiled spring or fusee which maintained constant
force to the gear wheels of the timekeeper despite the changing tension of its
mainspring.
stock-trading (n) giao dịch chứng khoán '=the buying and selling of shares
in a particular company "Besides buying directly from Walgreens, you can start with
any of the number of [stock-trading] websites available on the Internet." "Bên
cạnh việc mua trực tiếp từ Walgreens, bạn có thể bắt đầu với bất kỳ trang web nào
trong số các trang web [giao dịch chứng khoán] có sẵn trên Internet." "In passage:
Moreover, not only do time signals beamed down from Global Positioning System
satellites calibrate the functions of precision navigation equipment, they do so as
well for mobile phones, instant stock-trading systems and nationwide power-
distribution grids."
successive (adj) /səkˈsɛsɪv/ liên tiếp '=happening one after the other without
any break He won the World Championship for the third [successive] year. Anh ấy
đã giành chức vô địch thế giới [liên tiếp] năm thứ ba. "In passage: They based
their calendars on three natural cycles: the solar day, marked by the successive
periods of light and darkness as the earth rotates on its axis; the lunar month,
following the phases of the moon as it orbits the earth; and the solar year,
defined by the changing seasons that accompany our planet’s revolution around the
sun."
sundial (n) /ˈsənˌdaɪl/ Đồng hồ mặt trời "'=a device used outdoors,
especially in the past, for telling the time when the sun is shining. A pointed
piece of metal throws a shadow on a flat surface that is marked with the hours like
a clock, and the shadow moves around as the sun moves across the sky." The
[sundial] consists of two closely spaced parallel masks. [Đồng hồ mặt trời] bao
gồm hai mặt nạ song song gần nhau. "In passage: In order to track temporal hours
during the day, inventors created sundials, which indicate time by the length or
direction of the sun’s shadow."
supersede (v) /ˌsupərˈsid/ thay thế '=to take the place of something/somebody
that is considered to be old-fashioned or no longer the best available The theory
has been [superseded] by more recent research. Lý thuyết đã được [thay thế] bởi
nhiều nghiên cứu gần đây. "In passage: Eventually these were superseded by
‘small clock’, or French, hours, which split the day into two 12-hour periods
commencing at midnight."
temporal (adj) /ˈtɛmpərəl/ biểu thị thời gian '=connected with or limited
by time a universe which has spatial and [emporal] dimensions một vũ trụ có các
chiều không gian và [không] In passage: These periods became known as temporal
hours because their duration varied according to the changing length of days and
nights with the passing of the seasons
tension (n) /ˈtɛnʃən/ độ căng '=the state of being stretched tight; the
extent to which something is stretched tight Adjust the string [tension] of your
tennis racket to suit your style of playing. Điều chỉnh [độ căng] dây của vợt
tennis phù hợp với phong cách chơi của bạn. In passage: In the early 1400s came
the invention of the coiled spring or fusee which maintained constant force to the
gear wheels of the timekeeper despite the changing tension of its mainspring.
transfer (v) /ˈtrænsfər/ truyền/ chuyển '=to move from one place to
another; to move something/somebody from one place to another The film studio is
[transferring] to Hollywood. Xưởng phim đang [chuyển giao] sang Hollywood. "In
passage: The revolutionary aspect of this new timekeeper was neither the descending
weight that provided its motive force nor the gear wheels (which had been around
for at least 1,300 years) that transferred the power; it was the part called the
escapement."
wax and wane (idiom) /wæks ənd weɪn/ "tăng rồi giảm, giảm rồi tăng; thăng
trầm, thịnh suy." "'=to increase then decrease in strength, importance, etc. over a
period of time" Public interest in the issue has [waxed and waned] over the
years. Sự quan tâm của công chúng đối với vấn đề này đã [giảm dần và suy yếu]
trong những năm qua. "In passage: Before the invention of artificial light, the
moon had greater social impact. And, for those living near the equator in
particular, its waxing and waning was more conspicuous than the passing of the
seasons."

accommodate (v) /əˈkɑməˌdeɪt/ "Chứa được, đựng được" '=to provide enough
space for somebody/something The garage can [accommodate] three cars. Nhà để xe có
thể [chứa] ba chiếc ô tô. "In passage: The FAA realised that the airspace over
the United States would at any time have many different kinds of planes, flying for
many different purposes, in a variety of weather conditions, and the same kind of
structure was needed to accommodate all of them."
afford (v) /əˈfɔrd/ có khả năng đáp ứng '=to provide somebody with
something The legislation aims to [afford] protection to employees. Luật pháp
nhằm [đủ khả năng] bảo vệ nhân viên. "In passage: In this way, the
recreational pilot who simply wishes to go flying for a while without all the
restrictions imposed by the FAA has only to stay in uncontrolled airspace, below
365m, while the pilot who does want the protection afforded by АТС can easily enter
the controlled airspace."
altitude (n) /ˈæltəˌtud/ Độ cao so với mặt biển '=the height above sea level
The plane made a dive to a lower [altitude]. Máy bay đã bổ nhào xuống [độ
cao] thấp hơn. "In passage: Poor visibility necessitated a set of Instrumental
Flight Rules (IFR), under which the pilot relied on altitude and navigational
information provided by the plane’s instrument panel to fly safely"
aviation (n) /ˌeɪviˈeɪʃən/ hàng không "'=the designing, building and flying of
aircraft" the [aviation] business/industry doanh nghiệp / ngành [hàng không]
"In passage: Generally, Class E airspace is where one finds general aviation
aircraft (few of which can climb above 5,490m anyway), and commercial turboprop
aircraft."
bind (v) /baɪnd/ ràng buộc "'=to prevent somebody from doing what they want by
creating rules, limits, etc." The contracts [bind] investors to maintain the road.
Các hợp đồng [ràng buộc] nhà đầu tư để bảo trì con đường. "In passage:
Elsewhere, in uncontrolled airspace, pilots are bound by fewer regulations"
blanket (v) /ˈblæŋkɪt/ "che đậy, lấp" '=to cover something completely with a
thick layer The ground was soon [blanketed] with snow. Mặt đất chẳng bao lâu đã
được [đắp] bằng tuyết. "In passage: In general, from 365m above the ground and
higher, the entire country is blanketed by controlled airspace."
bring about (phrasal v) /brɪŋ əˈbaʊt/ "dẫn đến, gây ra" '=to make something
happen What [brought about] the change in his attitude? Điều gì [đã dẫn
đến] sự thay đổi trong thái độ của anh ấy? "In passage: In the 1940s, АТС
centres could and did take advantage of the newly developed radar and improved
radio communication brought about by the Second World War, but the system remained
rudimentary."
congested (adj) /kənˈʤɛstɪd/ "đông nghịt, chật ních" '=too blocked or crowded and
causing difficulties [Congested] roads are normal on holiday weekends. Đường
[tắc nghẽn] là bình thường vào các ngày cuối tuần nghỉ lễ. "In passage: An accident
that occurred in the skies over the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the
establishment of the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee
the operation of aircraft in the skies over the United States, which were becoming
quite congested."
correspond to (v) /ˌkɔrəˈspɑnd tɪ/ tương ứng '=to be similar to or the same as
something else The British job of Lecturer [corresponds] roughly to the US
Associate Professor. Công việc Giảng viên của Anh [tương ứng] với Phó Giáo sư
Hoa Kỳ. "In passage: These correspond roughly to small municipal, medium-sized
metropolitan and major metropolitan airports respectively, and encompass an
increasingly rigorous set of regulations"
cruise (v) /kruz/ đi với tốc độ đều đều '=to travel at a steady speed His
car has a [cruising] speed of 50 mph. Xe của anh ta có tốc độ [đang bay] là 50
dặm / giờ. In passage: The private pilot who cruises without permission into this
airspace risks losing their license.
designate (v) /ˈdɛzɪgˌneɪt/ "chọn lựa, chỉ định" '=to say officially that
somebody/something has a particular character or name; to describe
somebody/something in a particular way This area has been [designated] (as) a
National Park. Khu vực này đã được [chỉ định] (là) một Công viên Quốc gia."In
passage: Controlled airspace is divided into several different types, designated by
letters of the alphabet."
devise (v) /dɪˈvaɪz/ "Nghĩ ra, đặt (kế hoạch), sáng chế, phát minh" '=to invent
something new or a new way of doing something A new system has been [devised] to
control traffic in the city. Một hệ thống mới đã được [nghĩ ra] để kiểm soát giao
thông trong thành phố. "In passage: On a clear day, a pilot in controlled airspace
can choose a VFR or IFR flight plan, and the FAA regulations were devised in a way
which accommodates both VFR and IFR operations in the same airspace."
encompass (v) /ɛnˈkəmpəs/ bao gồm '=to include several different things
The plan [encompasses] repaving the street and planting 40 new trees. Kế
hoạch [bao gồm] sửa lại đường phố và trồng 40 cây mới. "In passage: These
correspond roughly to small municipal, medium-sized metropolitan and major
metropolitan airports respectively, and encompass an increasingly rigorous set of
regulations"
establishment (n) /ɪˈstæblɪʃmənt/ sự thành lập '=the act of starting or
creating something that is meant to last for a long time The speaker announced
the [establishment] of a new college. Diễn giả đã thông báo về việc [thành lập]
một trường đại học mới. "In passage: An accident that occurred in the skies over
the Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies
over the United States, which were becoming quite congested."
explicit (adj) /ɪkˈsplɪsət/ "rõ ràng, dứt khoát" "'=clear and easy to
understand, so that you have no doubt what is meant" He gave me very [explicit]
directions on how to get there. Anh ấy đã cho tôi chỉ dẫn rất [rõ ràng] về cách
đến đó. "In passage: To enter Class В airspace, such as on approach to a major
metropolitan airport, an explicit АТС clearance is required."
extend (v) /ɪkˈstɛnd/ "mở rộng, kéo dài" '=to make something longer or
larger There are plans to [extend] the children's play area. Có kế hoạch [mở
rộng] khu vui chơi cho trẻ em. "In passage: First, АТС extends over virtually
the entire United States."
fortuitous (adj) /fɔrˈtuɪtəs/ "Tình cờ, bất ngờ, ngẫu nhiên" "'=happening
by chance, especially a lucky chance that brings a good result" His success
depended on a [fortuitous] combination of circumstances. Thành công của anh ấy
phụ thuộc vào sự kết hợp [ngẫu nhiên] của các hoàn cảnh. "In passage: It was only
after the creation of the FAA that full-scale regulation of America’s airspace took
place, and this was fortuitous, for the advent of the jet engine suddenly resulted
in a large number of very fast planes, reducing pilots’ margin of error and
practically demanding some set of rules to keep everyone well separated and
operating safely in the air."
impose (v) /ˌɪmˈpoʊz/ áp đặt "'=to introduce a new law, rule, tax, etc.; to
order that a rule, punishment, etc. be used" The UN Security Council [imposed]
sanctions in 1992. Hội đồng Bảo an Liên hợp quốc [đã áp đặt] các biện pháp
trừng phạt vào năm 1992. "In passage: In this way, the recreational pilot who
simply wishes to go flying for a while without all the restrictions imposed by the
FAA has only to stay in uncontrolled airspace, below 365m, while the pilot who does
want the protection afforded by АТС can easily enter the controlled airspace."
instrumentation (n) /ˌɪnstrəˌmɛnˈteɪʃən/ trang thiết bị '=the set of instruments
that are used to operate a machine But we do not have any [instrumentation] that
can measure it. Nhưng chúng tôi không có bất kỳ [thiết bị đo đạc] nào có thể đo
lường nó. "In passage: The difference between Class E and A airspace is that in
Class A, all operations are IFR, and pilots must be instrument-rated, that is,
skilled and licensed in aircraft instrumentation."
manually (adv) /ˈmænjuəli/ bằng tay '=by hand Few of the machines are
operated [manually]. Rất ít máy được vận hành [thủ công]. "In passage: As
early as the 1920s, the earliest air traffic controllers manually guided aircraft
in the vicinity of the airports, using lights and flags, while beacons and flashing
lights were placed along cross-country routes to establish the earliest airways."
margin (n) /ˈmɑrʤən/ tỷ lệ ( sai số) '=the amount by which one thing is
different from another The poll shows that the government is leading by the
narrowest of [margins]. Cuộc thăm dò cho thấy rằng chính phủ đang dẫn đầu với [biên
độ] hẹp nhất. "In passage: It was only after the creation of the FAA that full-
scale regulation of America’s airspace took place, and this was fortuitous, for the
advent of the jet engine suddenly resulted in a large number of very fast planes,
reducing pilots’ margin of error and practically demanding some set of rules to
keep everyone well separated and operating safely in the air."
meteorological (adj) /ˌmitiˌɔrəˈlɑʤɪkəl/ liên quan đến thời tiết '=relating to
weather conditions Accurate [meteorological] records began 100 years ago.
Các ghi chép [khí tượng] chính xác đã bắt đầu cách đây 100 năm. "In passage:
In good meteorological conditions, flying would be permitted under Visual Flight
Rules (VFR), which suggests a strong reliance on visual cues to maintain an
acceptable level of safety"
metropolitan (adj) /ˌmɛtrəˈpɑlətən/ có tính trung tâm '=connected with a large
or capital city the New York [metropolitan] area khu vực [đô thị] New York
"In passage: The first region to have something approximating today’s АТС was
New York City, with other major metropolitan areas following soon after."
navigational (adj) /ˌnævəˈgeɪʃənəl/ định vị '=connected with the skill or
the process of planning a route for a ship or other vehicle and taking it there
 [navigational] aids [Thiết bị hỗ trợ dẫn đường "In passage: Poor
visibility necessitated a set of Instrumental Flight Rules (IFR), under which the
pilot relied on altitude and navigational information provided by the plane’s
instrument panel to fly safely"
necessitate (v) /nəˈsɛsəˌteɪt/ đòi hỏi '=to make something necessary Recent
financial scandals have [necessitated] changes in parliamentary procedures. Các vụ
bê bối tài chính gần đây [đòi hỏi] phải thay đổi các thủ tục của quốc hội. "In
passage: Poor visibility necessitated a set of Instrumental Flight Rules (IFR),
under which the pilot relied on altitude and navigational information provided by
the plane’s instrument panel to fly safely"
oversee (v) /ˈoʊvərˌsi/ giám sát '=to watch somebody/something and make
sure that a job or an activity is done correctly United Nations observers
[oversaw] the elections. Các quan sát viên của Liên Hợp Quốc [đã giám sát] các
cuộc bầu cử. "In passage: An accident that occurred in the skies over the
Grand Canyon in 1956 resulted in the establishment of the Federal Aviation
Administration (FAA) to regulate and oversee the operation of aircraft in the skies
over the United States, which were becoming quite congested."
procedure (n) /prəˈsiʤər/ "quy trình, thủ tục" '=a set of actions that is
the official or accepted way of doing something The company has new [procedures]
for dealing with complaints. Công ty có [thủ tục] mới để giải quyết các khiếu nại.
"In passage: The resulting structure of air traffic control has greatly
increased the safety of flight in the United States, and similar air traffic
control procedures are also in place over much of the rest of the world."
purely (adv) /ˈpjʊrli/ đơn thuần '=only; completely I saw the letter
[purely] by chance. Tôi đã nhìn thấy lá thư [hoàn toàn] một cách tình cờ. "In
passage: However, this purely visual system was useless in bad weather, and, by the
1930s, radio communication was coming into use for АТС."
put (something) into effect (v) /pʊt (ˈsəmθɪŋ) ˈɪntu ˈifɛkt/ làm cho có hiệu
lực '=to cause something to come into use The recommendations will soon be
[put into effect]. Các khuyến nghị sẽ sớm được [có hiệu lực]. "In passage:
To meet this challenge, the following elements were put into effect."
realm of (n) /rɛlm əv/ lĩnh vực/ khía cạnh "'=an area of activity, interest or
knowledge" At the end of the speech he seemed to be moving into the [realms] of
fantasy. "Vào cuối bài phát biểu, anh ấy dường như đang đi vào [cảnh giới] của
sự tưởng tượng." "In passage: Above 5,490m is the realm of the heavy jets, since
jet engines operate more efficiently at higher altitudes."
recreational (adj) /ˌrɛkriˈeɪʃənəl/ "thuộc sự giải trí, tiêu khiển"
'=connected with ways of enjoying yourself when you are not working
[Recreational] fishing is allowed on the river. Câu cá [Giải trí] được phép
trên sông. "In passage: In this way, the recreational pilot who simply wishes to
go flying for a while without all the restrictions imposed by the FAA has only to
stay in uncontrolled airspace, below 365m, while the pilot who does want the
protection afforded by АТС can easily enter the controlled airspace."
rely on (phrasal v) /rɪˈlaɪ ɔn/ dựa vào '=to need or depend on
somebody/something They had to [rely entirely on] volunteer workers. Họ
phải [hoàn toàn dựa vào] các nhân viên tình nguyện. "In passage: Poor visibility
necessitated a set of Instrumental Flight Rules (IFR), under which the pilot relied
on altitude and navigational information provided by the plane’s instrument panel
to fly safely"
respectively (adv) /rɪˈspɛktɪvli/ lần lượt '=in the same order as the people
or things already mentioned "Julie and Mark, aged 17 and 19 [respectively]" "Julie
và Mark, lần lượt 17 và 19 tuổi []" "In passage: These correspond roughly to small
municipal, medium-sized metropolitan and major metropolitan airports respectively,
and encompass an increasingly rigorous set of regulations"
rigorous (adj) /ˈrɪgərəs/ "khắt khe, chặt chẽ" "'=demanding that particular
rules, processes, etc. are strictly followed" The work failed to meet their
[rigorous] standards. Công việc không đáp ứng được các tiêu chuẩn [khắt khe] của
họ. "In passage: These correspond roughly to small municipal, medium-sized
metropolitan and major metropolitan airports respectively, and encompass an
increasingly rigorous set of regulations"
rudimentary (adj) /ˌrudəˈmɛntəri/ "sơ bộ, sơ đẳng, thô sơ" '=dealing with
only the most basic matters or ideas They were given only [rudimentary]
training in the job. Họ chỉ được đào tạo [thô sơ] về công việc. In passage:
Rudimentary air traffic control (АТС) existed well before the Grand Canyon
disaster.
take advantage of (idiom) /teɪk ædˈvæntɪʤ əv/ tận dụng '=to make use of
something well; to make use of an opportunity She [took advantage of] the
children's absence to tidy their rooms. Cô ấy [tận dụng] sự vắng mặt của bọn trẻ
để dọn dẹp phòng của chúng. "In passage: In the 1940s, АТС centres could and did
take advantage of the newly developed radar and improved radio communication
brought about by the Second World War, but the system remained rudimentary."
the rest of something (n) /ðə rɛst əv ˈsəmθɪŋ/ phần còn lại/ những cái còn lại
của.... '=remaining part/people/things Take what you want and throw the
[rest] away. Lấy những gì bạn muốn và ném [phần còn lại] đi. "In passage: The
resulting structure of air traffic control has greatly increased the safety of
flight in the United States, and similar air traffic control procedures are also in
place over much of the rest of the world."
to meet something (v) /tɪ mit ˈsəmθɪŋ/ gặp/ đáp ứng cái gì '=culminate How
can we best [meet the needs] of all the different groups? Làm thế nào chúng ta có
thể [đáp ứng nhu cầu] tốt nhất của tất cả các nhóm khác nhau? "In passage: To
meet this challenge, the following elements were put into effect."
turboprop (n) /ˈtərboʊˌprɑp/ tua-bin phản lực cánh quạt "'=a turbine used as an
aircraft engine that provides most force for movement by turning a propeller, or an
aircraft driven by this type of engine" Its engines consist of four [turboprops]
with contrarotating propellers located on the wings. Động cơ của nó bao gồm bốn
[động cơ phản lực cánh quạt] với các cánh quạt quay ngược chiều nằm trên cánh.
"In passage: Generally, Class E airspace is where one finds general aviation
aircraft (few of which can climb above 5,490m anyway), and commercial turboprop
aircraft."
vicinity (n) /vɪˈsɪnɪti/ vùng lân cận '=the area around a particular
place Crowds gathered in the [vicinity] of Trafalgar Square. Đám đông tụ tập
tại [vùng phụ cận] của Quảng trường Trafalgar. "In passage: As early as the 1920s,
the earliest air traffic controllers manually guided aircraft in the vicinity of
the airports, using lights and flags, while beacons and flashing lights were placed
along cross-country routes to establish the earliest airways."
virtually (adv) /ˈvərʧuəli/ "ảo, thông qua công nghệ" "'=using computer
technology over the internet, and not involving people physically going somewhere"
Nowadays all these things can be experienced [virtually]. "Ngày nay, tất cả
những điều này đều có thể được trải nghiệm [hầu như]." "In passage: First, АТС
extends over virtually the entire United States."
visibility (n) /ˌvɪzəˈbɪlɪti/ tầm nhìn "'=how far or well you can see,
especially as affected by the light or the weather" [Visibility] was down to
about 100 metres in the fog. [Tầm nhìn] đã giảm xuống khoảng 100 mét trong sương
mù. "In passage: Poor visibility necessitated a set of Instrumental Flight Rules
(IFR), under which the pilot relied on altitude and navigational information
provided by the plane’s instrument panel to fly safely."

advocate (n) /ˈædvəˌkeɪt/ người ủng hộ '=someone who publicly supports

something He's a strong [advocate] of state ownership of the railways. Ông ấy
là một [người ủng hộ] mạnh mẽ quyền sở hữu nhà nước đối với đường sắt. "In passage:
Sceptics and advocates alike do concur on one issue, however: that the most
impressive evidence so far has come from the so-called ‘ganzfeld’ experiments, a
German term that means ‘whole field’"
apparent (adj) /əˈpɛrənt/ rõ ràng '=able to be seen or understood Her
unhappiness was [apparent] to everyone. Sự bất hạnh của cô ấy [rõ ràng] đối với
tất cả mọi người. In passage: Only when many studies are combined in a meta-
analysis will the faint signal of telepathy really become apparent
a selection of (n) /ə səˈlɛkʃən əv/ nhiều thứ/ người (để có thể lựa chọn)
 '=a number of people or things that have been chosen from a larger group
[A selection of] readers' comments is published below. [Tuyển tập] bình
luận của độc giả được công bố bên dưới. "In passage: In early ganzfeld
experiments, the telepathy test involved identification of a picture chosen from a
random selection of four taken from a large image bank."
atom (n) /ˈætəm/ nguyên tử "'=the smallest unit of any chemical element,
consisting of a positive nucleus surrounded by negative electrons. Atoms can
combine to form a molecule" A molecule of carbon dioxide (CO2) has one carbon
atom and two oxygen [atoms] Một phân tử carbon dioxide (CO2) có một nguyên tử
carbon và hai [nguyên tử] oxy "In passage: They include ‘quantum entanglement’, in
which events affecting one group of atoms instantly affect another group, no matter
how far apart they may be."
attempt to (v) /əˈtɛmpt tɪ/ cố gắng làm gì "'=to make an effort or try to do
something, especially something difficult" She never [attempted to] explain
her behaviour to her family. Cô ấy không bao giờ [cố gắng] giải thích hành vi của
mình với gia đình. In passage: The idea was that a person acting as a ‘sender’
would attempt to beam the image over to the ‘receiver’ relaxing in the sealed room.
compelling (adj) /kəmˈpɛlɪŋ/ hấp dẫn/ thuyết phục '=that makes you think it is
true There is no [compelling] reason to believe him. Không có lý do [thuyết phục]
nào để tin anh ta. "In passage: In 1987, results from hundreds of autoganzfeld
tests were studied by Honorton in a ‘meta-analysis’, a statistical technique for
finding the overall results from a set of studies. Though less compelling than
before, the outcome was still impressive."
consistency (n) /kənˈsɪstənsi/ tính nhất quán "'=the quality of always
behaving or performing in a similar way, or of always happening in a similar way"
It's important to show some [consistency] in your work. Điều quan trọng là
phải thể hiện một số [nhất quán] trong công việc của bạn. In passage: Yet some
parapsychologists remain disturbed by the lack of consistency between individual
ganzfeld studies.
constitute (v) /ˈkɑnstəˌtut/ tạo thành '=to form a group legally or officially
The committee was [constituted] in 1974 by an Act of Parliament. Ủy ban được
[thành lập] vào năm 1974 theo Đạo luật của Nghị viện. In passage: Some researchers
say the results constitute compelling evidence that telepathy is genuine.
defender (n) /dɪˈfɛndər/ người bảo vệ quan điểm "'=someone who protects a
place against attack, or who believes in and supports a person, idea, plan, etc."
So far they have found few [defenders] of their point of view on campus.
"Cho đến nay, họ đã tìm thấy rất ít [người bảo vệ] quan điểm của họ trong
khuôn viên trường." In passage: Defenders of telepathy point out that demanding
impressive evidence from every study ignores one basic statistical fact: it takes
large samples to detect small effects
derision (n) /dərˈɪʒən/ sự nhạo báng "'=a strong feeling that
somebody/something is silly and not worth considering seriously, shown by laughing
in an unkind way or by making unkind remarks" Her speech was greeted with howls
of [derision]. Bài phát biểu của cô ấy được chào đón bằng những tiếng hú [chế
nhạo]. "In passage: Since the 1970s, parapsychologists at leading universities
and research institutes around the world have risked the derision of sceptical
colleagues by putting the various claims for telepathy to the test in dozens of
rigorous scientific studies."
detect (v) /dɪˈtɛkt/ phát hiện "'=to discover or notice something, especially
something that is not easy to see, hear, etc." The tests are designed to [detect]
the disease early. Các xét nghiệm được thiết kế để [phát hiện] bệnh sớm. "In
passage: In this case, such signals might be more easily detected by those
experiencing meditation-like tranquility in a relaxing ‘whole field’ of light,
sound and warmth."
disturb (v) /dɪˈstərb/ làm phiền/ quấy rầy '=to make somebody worry It
[disturbed] her to realize that she was missing him already. Nó [làm cho] cô ấy
băn khoăn khi nhận ra rằng cô ấy đã nhớ anh ấy rồi. In passage: Yet some
parapsychologists remain disturbed by the lack of consistency between individual
ganzfeld studies.
draw up (phrasal v) /drɔ əp/ soạn thảo '=to make or write something that needs
careful thought or planning Make sure the contract is properly [drawn up]. Đảm
bảo rằng hợp đồng được [soạn thảo] đúng. "In passage: However, they also agreed
that there were still too many problems in the experiments which could lead to
positive results, and they drew up a list demanding new standards for future
research."
entanglement (n) /ɪnˈtæŋgəlmənt/ "sự vướng mắc, rối rắm" '=the act of becoming
caught or twisted in something; the state of being caught or twisted in something
The auditors try to avoid [entanglement] with arguments over local policy.
Các kiểm toán viên cố gắng tránh [vướng] các tranh luận về chính sách địa
phương. "In passage: While physicists have demonstrated entanglement with
specially prepared atoms, no-one knows if it also exists between atoms making up
human minds."
esoteric (adj) /ˌɛsəˈtɛrɪk/ bí truyền '=likely to be understood or enjoyed by
only a few people with a special knowledge or interest "a programme of music
for everyone, even those with the most [esoteric] taste" "một chương trình âm
nhạc dành cho tất cả mọi người, ngay cả những người có gu [bí truyền] nhất" "In
passage: Various theories have been put forward, many focusing on esoteric ideas
from theoretical physics."
flaw (n) /flɔ/ khiếm khuyết '=a mistake in something that means that it is
not correct or does not work correctly The argument is full of fundamental
[flaws]. Lập luận đầy những [sai sót] cơ bản. In passage: But there was a
crucial flaw in this argument – one routinely overlooked in more conventional areas
of science
fraud (n) /frɔd/ "sự gian lận, lừa đảo" '=something that is not what it appears
to be and is deliberately used to deceive people What happens if the
investment turns out to be a [fraud]? Điều gì xảy ra nếu khoản đầu tư trở thành
một [gian lận]? In passage: These ranged from ‘sensory leakage’ – where clues
about the pictures accidentally reach the receiver – to outright fraud.
genuine (adj) /ˈʤɛnjuˌaɪn/ "có thật, chân thực" "'=being what something or
someone appears or claims to be; real, not false" She showed [genuine] sorrow
at the news. Cô ấy thể hiện nỗi buồn [thực sự] trước tin tức. In passage:
Some researchers say the results constitute compelling evidence that telepathy is
genuine.
implication (n) /ˌɪmpləˈkeɪʃən/ ý nghĩa/ ẩn ý/ ngụ ý '=something that is
suggested or indirectly stated ('= something that is implied) The [implication]
in his article is that being a housewife is greatly inferior to every other
occupation. [Ngụ ý] trong bài báo của anh ấy là làm một bà nội trợ thua kém rất
nhiều so với mọi nghề nghiệp khác. In passage: The results and their implications
are dividing even the researchers who uncovered them.
lack of (n) /læk əv/ thiếu... '=the state of not having something or not
having enough of something He was released due to [lack of] evidence. Anh ta
đã được thả do [thiếu] bằng chứng. In passage: Yet some parapsychologists remain
disturbed by the lack of consistency between individual ganzfeld studies.
lead to (v) /lɛd tɪ/ dẫn đến '=to have something as a result The carbon
tax will inevitably [lead to] an increase in energy bills. Thuế carbon chắc chắn sẽ
[dẫn đến] tăng các hóa đơn năng lượng. "In passage: However, they also agreed
that there were still too many problems in the experiments which could lead to
positive results, and they drew up a list demanding new standards for future
research."
leakage (n) /ˈlikɪʤ/ sự rò rỉ '=the act of leaking or the leak itself The
[leakage] was traced to an oil pipe in the cellar. [Rò rỉ] được bắt nguồn từ một
ống dẫn dầu trong hầm. In passage: These ranged from ‘sensory leakage’ – where
clues about the pictures accidentally reach the receiver – to outright fraud.
mainstream (n) /ˈmeɪnˌstrim/ chính thống '=the ideas and opinions that are thought
to be normal because they are shared by most people; the people whose ideas and
opinions are most accepted He was never part of the literary [mainstream] as a
writer. Ông không bao giờ là một phần của [dòng chính] văn học với tư cách là
một nhà văn. "In passage: What they are certainly not finding, however, is any
change in attitude of mainstream scientists: most still totally reject the very
idea of telepathy."
on the brink of (idiom) /ɔn ðə brɪŋk əv/ "trên đà, sắp sửa" '=to be very close
to a very unpleasant or dangerous situation The country is teetering [on the
brink] of civil war. Đất nước đang rình rập [bên bờ vực] của cuộc nội chiến.
"In passage: Other parapsychologists believe the field is on the brink of
collapse, having tried to produce definitive scientific proof and failed."
outcome (n) /ˈaʊtˌkəm/ kết quả '=the result or effect of an action or event
The likely [outcome] is a compromise. [Kết quả] có thể là một thỏa hiệp.
"In passage: In 1987, results from hundreds of autoganzfeld tests were
studied by Honorton in a ‘meta-analysis’, a statistical technique for finding the
overall results from a set of studies. Though less compelling than before, the
outcome was still impressive."
outright (adj) /ˈaʊˈtraɪt/ "hoàn toàn, chắc chắn" '=complete and total She
was the [outright] winner. Cô ấy là người chiến thắng [hoàn toàn]. In passage:
These ranged from ‘sensory leakage’ – where clues about the pictures accidentally
reach the receiver – to outright fraud.
overlook (v) /ˈoʊvərˌlʊk/ không nhận thấy '=to fail to see or notice
something He seems to have [overlooked] one important fact. Anh ta dường như
đã [bỏ qua] một sự thật quan trọng. In passage: But there was a crucial flaw in
this argument – one routinely overlooked in more conventional areas of science
parapsychologist (n) Nhà cận tâm lý học "'=scientist who studies mental
phenomena which are excluded from or inexplicable by orthodox scientific psychology
(such as hypnosis, telepathy, etc.)." This section of Christianity is just as
guilty as the premature [parapsychologists] Phần này của Cơ đốc giáo cũng có
tội như những [nhà cận tâm lý học] non nớt. "In passage: Since the 1970s,
parapsychologists at leading universities and research institutes around the world
have risked the derision of sceptical colleagues by putting the various claims for
telepathy to the test in dozens of rigorous scientific studies."
pioneer (n) /ˌpaɪəˈnɪr/ người tiên phong '=a person who is one of the first
people to do something He was a [pioneer] in big-band jazz. Anh ấy là [người
tiên phong] trong nhạc jazz của các ban nhạc lớn. "In passage: In 1982, the
results from the first ganzfeld studies were analysed by one of its pioneers, the
American parapsychologist Charles Honorton"
plausible (adj) /ˈplɔzəbəl/ "Hợp lý, đáng tin cậy (bản tuyên bố, lời xin lỗi..)"
"'=seeming likely to be true, or able to be believed"a [plausible]
explanation/excuse một lời giải thích / bào chữa [hợp lý] In passage: The
problem stems at least in part from the lack of any plausible mechanism for
telepathy.
probe (v) /proʊb/ "dò xét, thăm dò" "'=to touch, examine or look for
something, especially with a long, thin instrument" The doctor [probed] the wound
for signs of infection. Bác sĩ [thăm dò] vết thương để tìm dấu hiệu nhiễm trùng.
"In passage: This has prompted some researchers to argue that the future lies
not in collecting more evidence for telepathy, but in probing possible mechanisms."
prompt (v) /prɑmpt/ "Gợi, gây (cảm hứng, ý nghĩ...)" '=to make somebody
decide to do something; to cause something to happen His speech [prompted] an
angry outburst from a man in the crowd. Bài phát biểu của anh ấy [gợi lên] một
cơn giận dữ bùng phát từ một người đàn ông trong đám đông. "In passage: This has
prompted some researchers to argue that the future lies not in collecting more
evidence for telepathy, but in probing possible mechanisms."
put down to.... (v) /pʊt daʊn tɪ..../ quy cho '=to consider that something
is caused by something What do you [put her success down to]? Bạn [đặt thành
công của cô ấy xuống] để làm gì? "In passage: They pointed to typical hit-rates
of better than 30 per cent – a small effect, but one which statistical tests
suggested could not be put down to chance."
put forward (phrasal v) /pʊt ˈfɔrwərd/ đề xuất '=to suggest something for
discussion to [put forward] a suggestion để [đưa ra] một đề xuất "In passage:
Various theories have been put forward, many focusing on esoteric ideas from
theoretical physics."
recline (v) /rɪˈklaɪn/ "tựa, dựa" "'=to sit or lie in a relaxed way, with your
body leaning backwards" She was [reclining] on a sofa. Cô ấy đang [ngả lưng]
trên ghế sofa. "In passage: The ganzfeld experiment tries to recreate these
conditions with participants sitting in soft reclining chairs in a sealed room,
listening to relaxing sounds while their eyes are covered with special filters
letting in only soft pink light."
reveal (v) /rɪˈvil/ tiết lộ '=to make something known to somebody Her
expression [revealed] nothing. Biểu hiện của cô ấy [không tiết lộ] gì cả.
In passage: The implication was that the ganzfeld method had revealed real
evidence for telepathy
sceptic (n) người hoài nghi '=a person who doubts the truth or value of an
idea or belief "People say it can cure colds, but I'm a bit of a [sceptic]."
"Mọi người nói nó có thể chữa cảm lạnh, nhưng tôi hơi [hoài nghi]." "In
passage: Sceptics and advocates alike do concur on one issue, however: that the
most impressive evidence so far has come from the so-called ‘ganzfeld’ experiments,
a German term that means ‘whole field’"
seal (v) /sil/ đóng kín "'=to close a container tightly or fill a small
opening, etc., especially so that air, liquid, etc. cannot get in or out" The
windows and doors had been [sealed] up with bricks. Các cửa sổ và cửa ra vào đã
được [niêm phong] bằng gạch. "In passage: The ganzfeld experiment tries to
recreate these conditions with participants sitting in soft reclining chairs in a
sealed room, listening to relaxing sounds while their eyes are covered with special
filters letting in only soft pink light."
sensory (adj) /ˈsɛnsəri/ thuộc giác quan "'=connected with the physical
senses of touch, smell, taste, hearing, and sight" It's a total [sensory
overload]; every sense being in a constant state of catch-up. Đó là một [quá tải
cảm giác]; mọi giác quan luôn trong trạng thái bắt kịp. In passage: These ranged
from ‘sensory leakage’ – where clues about the pictures accidentally reach the
receiver – to outright fraud.
statistical (adj) /stəˈtɪstɪkəl/ "thuộc về thống kê, số liệu" '=relating to
statistics You have to do a detailed [statistical] analysis. Bạn phải thực hiện
một phân tích [thống kê] chi tiết. "In passage: They pointed to typical hit-rates
of better than 30 per cent – a small effect, but one which statistical tests
suggested could not be put down to chance."
stem from (phrasal v) /stɛm frəm/ bắt nguồn từ "=(not used in the
progressive tenses)
to be the result of something" Most people’s insecurities [stem from]
something that happened in their childhood. Hầu hết mọi người đều cảm thấy bất
an [bắt nguồn từ] điều gì đó đã xảy ra trong thời thơ ấu của họ. In passage: The
problem stems at least in part from the lack of any plausible mechanism for
telepathy.
swamp (v) /swɔmp/ "lấp đầy, nhấn chìm" "'=to have too many of something,
or give someone too much to do" Foreign cars have [swamped] the market. Ô tô
nước ngoài đã [tràn ngập] thị trường. In passage: Reports of telepathic
experiences had by people during meditation led parapsychologists to suspect that
telepathy might involve ‘signals’ passing between people that were so faint that
they were usually swamped by normal brain activity
telepathy (n) /təˈlɛpəθi/ thần giao cách cảm "'=the ability to know what
is in someone else's mind, or to communicate with someone mentally, without using
words or other physical signals" Get some rest and we'll start with [telepathy]
and telekinesis in the morning. Hãy nghỉ ngơi một chút và chúng ta sẽ bắt đầu
với [thần giao cách cảm] và telekinesis vào buổi sáng. "In passage: Since the
1970s, parapsychologists at leading universities and research institutes around the
world have risked the derision of sceptical colleagues by putting the various
claims for telepathy to the test in dozens of rigorous scientific studies."
theoretical (adj) /ˌθiərˈɛtɪkəl/ có tính lý thuyết "'=based on the ideas that
relate to a subject, not the practical uses of that subject" The president does
not want to answer any [theoretical] questions. Tổng thống không muốn trả lời bất
kỳ câu hỏi [lý thuyết] nào. "In passage: Various theories have been put forward,
many focusing on esoteric ideas from theoretical physics."
tranquility (n) /træŋkˈwɪlɪti/ sự yên bình "'=a peaceful, calm state, without
noise, violence, worry, etc." I love the [tranquility] of the lakes. Tôi yêu [sự
yên tĩnh] của các hồ. "In passage: In this case, such signals might be more
easily detected by those experiencing meditation-like tranquility in a relaxing
‘whole field’ of light, sound and warmth."
uncover (v) /ənˈkəvər/ "phát hiện, tìm ra" '=to discover something that was
previously hidden or secret Police have [uncovered] a plot to kidnap the
President's son. Cảnh sát đã [phanh phui] một âm mưu bắt cóc con trai của Tổng
thống. In passage: The results and their implications are dividing even the
researchers who uncovered them.