Daduya, Reinha Mae DG.

III-BSN

MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION

DEFINITION
A heart attack or medically known as a myocardial infarction, Is a deadly
medical emergency where the heart muscle begins to die because of not
getting enough blood flow. This is usually caused by a blockage in the arteries
that supply blood to the heart.

RISK FACTORS/PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
MYOCARDIAL INFACTION

PRECIPITATING ETIOLOGICAL PREDISPOSING

FACTOR FACTOR FACTOR

 Lifestyle  History of Pre Age and Sex:

(Sedentary eclampsia during
Lifestyle) pregnancy  Men: The risk of
 Underlying heart attack
condition/disease increases greatly
Such as diacetes, at age 45.
obesity and  Women: The risk
eating disorders.
of heart attack
increases greatly
at age 50 or
after menopause.
 Family history
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY

Myocardial Infaction may results from a lack of blood flow or ischema and
oxygen which is hypoxia to a region of the heart, and resulting in death of
the cardiac muscle cells.

MEDICAL MANAGEMENT

Medication (Drugs)
 Anti-clotting medications: Such as aspirin
 Nitroglycerin to relieve chest pain
 Thrombolytic (clot-busting) medications
 Anti-arrhythmia medications
 Pain medication: Most common is morphine

NURSING MANAGEMENT
 Assess and Monitor for Vital signs and o2 sat
 Make sure to administer the medication via 6R (Right drug, Right dose,
Right route, Right patient, Right time and Right room)
 Report findings to the physician
 PROGNOSIS
Myocardial infarction, also known as heart attack is a serious condition:
approximately twenty five percent of the patients die from the initial event
– that is, they may die before reaching hospital, or in the first day. Of the
rest, 25% will die within the next two years, usually due to recurrent MI or
complications. About fifty percent of the initial survivors are alive right after
10 years. The prognosis is better for younger patients with less concurrent
medical problems.

Source:
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/16818-heart-attack-myocardial-
infarction

https://professional.heart.org/en/science-news/mechanical-complications-of-
acute-myocardial-infarction

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/nemcc-ap/chapter/heart-anatomy/
#:~:text=Myocardial%20infarction%20(MI)%20is%20the,of%20the%20cardiac
%20muscle%20cells.

https://healthengine.com.au/info/heart-attack-myocardial-infarction#Prognosis