Concept Assess

Summary

CONCEPT SUMMARY  Permutations and Combinations

Permutation Combination

WORDS A selection of items in which A selection of items in which the order of

the order of the items is important the items is not important
​​ ​  n​​​​​P​  r​​​ represents the number of ​​ ​  n​​​​​C​  r​​​ represents the number of combinations
permutations of r objects taken of r objects taken from a set of n objects.
from a set of n objects.

ALGEBRA ​  n!   ​ 

​  n​ ​​​P​  r ​​= _______ for 0 ≤ r ≤ n​ ​  n!   ​ 
​  n​ ​​​C​  r ​​= _______ for 0 ≤ r ≤ n​
(n − r)! r!(n − r)!

NUMBERS The number of permutations of The number of combinations of 3 objects

3 objects taken from a set of 6 taken from a set of 6 objects is
objects is ​​ ​  6​​​​​C​  3​​​ = ___ 6 ∙ 5 ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1  ​​ = 20
​​  6!  ​​ = ________________
​​    
  
3!3! (3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1)(3 ∙ 2 ∙ 1)
​​  6 ∙ 5   
​​  6! ​​ =   
​​ ​  6​​​​​P​  3​​​ = __ ∙ 4 ∙ 3 ∙  2 ∙ 1 ​​ = 120
_______________
3! 3∙2∙1

Do You UNDERSTAND? Do You KNOW HOW?

1. ESSENTIAL QUESTION   How are Do the possible outcomes represent
permutations and combinations useful permutations or combinations?
when finding probabilities? 7. Jennifer will invite 3 of her 10 friends to
a concert.
2. Use Structure  How is the formula for
combinations related to the formula for 8. Jennifer must decide how she and her
permutations? MP.7 3 friends will sit at the concert.

3. Vocabulary  Why is it important to Find the number of permutations.

distinguish between a permutation and 9. How many ways can 12 runners in a race
a combination when counting possible finish first, second, and third?
outcomes?
Find the number of combinations.
4. Look for Relationships  How is​​ ​  9​​​​​C​  2​​​ related
10. In how many ways can 11 contestants for an
to​​ ​  9​​​​​C​  7​​​? Explain. How can you generalize this
award be narrowed down to 3 finalists?
observation for any values of n and r? MP.7
11. How many different ways can a 4-person team
5. Error Analysis  Explain Beth’s error. MP.3 be chosen from a group of 8 people?

Students will be chosen at random for school

3P3 3! 3! 1 spirit awards. There are 6 athletes and
= = 5!2! = 40
5P3 5!
8 non-athletes who are eligible for 2 possible
(5 – 3)!
✗ prizes. What is each probability?
12. P(both prizes are awarded to athletes)
13. P(both prizes are awarded to non-athletes)
6. Construct Arguments  A company wants to
14. P(no prize is awarded to an athlete)
form a committee of 4 people from its
12 employees. How can you use 15. P(no prize is awarded to a non-athlete)
combinations to find the probability that
the 4 people newest to the company will 16. Explain how Exercises 12 and 13 are similar
be selected? MP.3 to Exercises 14 and 15.

LESSON 12-3  Permutations and Combinations  519

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