Math 10 Quarter 3 MODULE 3

COMBINATION

Learning Competencies
a. Define and illustrate combination of objects.
b. Differentiate permutation from combination of n objects taken r at a time.
c. Relate combination in real life situation.
Lesson Proper
“Shake it to the right, shake it to the left”
In a Regional Encampment held at Makilala, North Cotabato, there are six troop leaders.
How many handshakes are there if each troop leader shakes hands with all the others once?

Guide Questions:
1. What kind of situation is being presented?
2. How are you going to answer this problem?
3. What formula are you going to use?

Troop Leader A: shakes hand with B, then with C, D, E, and F. the total handshakes made by troop leader
A is 5;
Troop Leader B: shakes hand with C, then D, E and F. B did not shake hand with A since the handshake
between A and B is the same as between B and A (Order is NOT important).
Troop Leader C: made 3 handshakes with D, E, and F.
Troop Leader D: made two handshakes with E and F.
Troop Leader F; make 1 handshake with F.
Total Number of handshakes is 15.

Combination refers to the selection of objects where order is not important. That is, changing the order of
the objects does not create a new combination.
For instance, the 3 combinations of the 3 letters T, I, and N taken 2 at a time are: TI, TN, and IN
TI and ITare considered one combination. Similarly, IN and NI and TN and NT are the same
combinations.
There is only one combination that can be made from the letters T, I, and N taken 3 at a time. That is TIN,
TNI, INT, NIT, ITN, and NTI are considered one combination.
The combination of n things or objects taken r at a time can be denoted by C(n,r).

How does combination differ from permutation?

Basic Comparison Permutation Combination

Meaning Permutation refers to the A combination refers to several ways of

different ways of arranging a set selecting items from a large set of
of objects in sequential order. objects, such that their order does not
matters.

Order Important Not important

Order matters Doesn’t matter
Denotes Arrangement Selecting

How many different How many different groups can be

arrangements can be created chosen from a larger group of objects?
Question from a given set of objects?

n! n!
n Pr = n Cr =
( n−r ) ! r ! ( n−r ) !
Formula/Notation
n n
P(n,r), Pn,r or Pr C(n,r), C n,r or C r
 Example 1

a. Your locker code is 543, if you enter 435 it won’t open because it is a different ordering. Try to
observe the table below.
b. Consider the number of permutations of the 4 marbles with colors Red, Green, Blue and Yellow
taken 3 at a time.
The 24 permutations are listed below:

6 permutations
6 permutations
6 permutations
6 permutations
24 permutations

There are 24 permutations but only 4 combinations. This is illustrated below:

1 Combination

1 Combination

1 Combination

1 Combination
4 Combinations
Order does matter Order doesn’t matter
(Permutation) (Combination)
Example 2 543
For each experiment, tell whether arrangement
is important or not. 534
a. Choosing 3 students from 30 students
who will represent the class in Math,
435
Science, and English contests,
543
respectively.
453
b. Choosing 2 teachers from 5 teachers in
mathematics who will teach the 2
345
sections in Grade 10.
c. Selecting 3 pizza toppings from 10
toppings suggested in the menu in 354
Greenwich.
d. Choosing 10 songs from a Grand Videoke
lists to be played in a party.

Answers:
a. To represent the class in Math, Science, and English contests, 3 students out of 30 will be chosen.
After the 3 students are chosen, they will be assigned to the contests that they will join. Thus,
arrangement is important.
b. After the 2 mathematics teachers are chosen, they will be assigned to the 2 sections in Grade 10.
Thus, arrangement is important.
c. The order of the pizza toppings is not important as all the toppings will be placed on the pizza
crust. Thus, arrangement is not important.
d. After 10 songs are chosen from the playlist, they will be lined up for playing in a party. The
different line-ups are the different arrangements of the songs. Thus, arrangement is important.
Example 3
a. How many ways can 8 students be seated for a selfie if only 4 seats in a row are available?
Solution:
There are 8 students to choose from, first seat can be filled in 8 ways. n!
P(n,r) =
The occupant of the 2nd seat can be chosen from the 7 students. Thus, the (n−r !)
second seat can be filled in 7 ways. After the first two seats are filled, the third
and fourth seats can be filled using the same reasoning, in 6 and 5 ways,
respectively.
8!
P(8,4) =
(8−4 !)
1680
P(8,4) =
24
= 70
b. Suppose you are given an ordinary deck of playing cards. In how many was can 5 cards be
selected?

The number of ways of selecting r objects taken from n

distinct objects where arrangement is not important.

n!
C(n,r) =
(n−r !)r !

Solution: C(n,r) =
Selecting 5 cards from a deck of cards is a
problem on selecting 5 objects taken from n!
r !¿
52 distinct objects where arrangement is n−r ! ¿
not important. Thus, n = 52, and r = 5, and

52!
52 C2 = 5 !¿
52−5 ! ¿
52. 51 .50 . 49 . 48 . 47 !
52C2 =
47 !5!
311875 200
=
120
= 2, 598, 960

c. RRJ apparel is on 50% sale. If you are to select 2 shirts AND 2 jeans of which there 8 designs for
shirts and 6 different kinds of jeans, how many combinations do you have?

Number of combinations of 2 jeans out Number of combinations of 2 shirts out

of 6. of 8.

C(n,r) = C(n,r) =
n! n! “and” means multiply
(n−r !)r ! (n−r !)r !
“or” mean add
C(6,2) = C(7,2) =
6! 7!
=
(6−2 !)2 ! = 15 (7−2!)2 !
28
6.5 .4 ! = 420 8.7 .6!
= (6 !) 2!
( 4 !)2 !
56 Application:
=
2
 Given the following experiments, tell whether order is important or not. Then solve each problem.
1. Choosing 3 winners out of the 10 semifinalists in a certain beauty pageant for the titles Grand
Winner, First Runner-up, and Second Runner-up.
2. Choosing 3 distinct flavors of ice cream from 10 flavors and placing them on an ice cream cone.
3. Choosing 15 out of 40 students to join in the school’s Mathematics club.
4. Selecting 5 out of 7 available fruits in making fruit salad.
5. Selecting 4 officers from parents who will be President, Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer.

Solve each problem.

1. Your mother went to budget wise to buy the following: coffee (C), milk (M), sugar (S), and butter
(B). Upon reaching the grocery department, she found out that her money is just enough to buy
any three of these items. In how many ways can she select the three items? List the possible
selections.
2. How many choices do you have in the 11-combo meal at Jollibee if your money is only enough for
4 choices?
3. Olivia was allowed to pick one meat (beef, chicken) and one flavor (spicy, Not spicy) for her
shawarma at Turks, how many different combinations can she make?

Assessment:

Choose the letter of the correct answer. Please write your answer on the space provided.

_____1. What is the expanded form of 10 C2 ?

10 ! 10!
A. C(10, 2) = C. C(10, 2) =
( 10−2 ) ! ( 10−2 ) ! 2!
2! 2!
B. C(10, 2) = D. C(10, 2) =
( 2−10 ) ! 10 ! ( 2−10 ) !
_____2. What term refers to several ways of selecting items from a large set of objects, such that their order
does not matter?
A. combination B. differentiation C. integration D. permutation
_____ 3. Which of the following experiments will determine that order is NOT important?
A. Selecting the top 3 winners in Math Quiz Bowl.
B. Setting a 4-digit code in a vault.
C. Buying 3 out 7 designs of face mask.
D. Assembling a jigsaw puzzle.
_____4. What is the correct answer if you will solve C(5,2)?
A. 10 B. 60 C. 20 D. 120
_____5. How many ways of selecting 3 flavors of ice cream can you make if there are 6 flavors available?
A. 15 B. 20 C. 30 D. 40
_____6. How many ways can 5 cars be parked if there are 7 available parking spaces?
A. 1260 B. 1540 C. 2230 D. 2520
_____7. In how many combinations can Coco have in the 5 displays of chicken inasal with unlimited rice?
A. 1 B. 5 C. 10 D. 120
_____8. How many different words can we make from the letters L, O, V, and E? this assumes every
possible
combination is a word.
A. 2 B. 6 C. 12 D. 24
_____9. At the grocery section, Kyvhan wanted to select 2 diapers, 2 milks, 3 shampoos. In how many
different selections does he have if there 5 diapers and 4 milks and 5 shampoos displayed?
A. 30 B. 50 C. 80 D. 120
_____10. How many ways can Cheem invites 3 or more friends to her birthday party if she has on 5
friends?
A. 5 B. 10 C. 16 D. 50