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STEEL SHEET PILING DESIGN

In accordance with BS 8002:1994 - Code of practice for earth retaining structures
Tedds calculation version 1.0.03

Cantilever wall
Geometry
Length of sheet pile for equilibrium (for analysis); H = 15203 mm
Total length of sheet pile provided; Hpile = 19000 mm
Number of different types of soil; Ns = 4
Retained height; dret = 3000 mm
Depth of unplanned excavation; dex = 0 mm
Total retained height; ds = dret + dex = 3000 mm
Angle of retained slope; β = 0.0 deg
Depth from GL to top of water table retained side; dw = 3000 mm
Depth from GL to top of water table retaining side; dwp = 3000 mm
Soil layer 1
Moist density of soil; γm1 = 12.0 kN/m3
Dry density of soil; γd1 = 8.2 kN/m3
Mobilization factor; Msoil = 1.5
Design shear strength; φ'1 = 13.6 deg
Active pressure coefficient; ka1 = cos(φ'1)2 / (1 + √(sin(φ'1) × sin(φ'1 - β) / cos(β)))2 = 0.619
Passive pressure coefficient; kp1 = cos(φ'1)2 / (1 - √(sin(φ'1) × sin(φ'1))) 2 = 1.615
Height of soil layer 1; h1 = 5000 mm
Depth from GL to bottom of layer1; d1 = 5000 mm
Soil layer 2
Moist density of soil; γm2 = 20.0 kN/m3
Dry density of soil; γd2 = 10.2 kN/m3
Mobilization factor; Msoil = 1.5
Design shear strength; φ'2 = 17.3 deg
Active pressure coefficient; ka2 = cos(φ'2)2 / (1 + √(sin(φ'2) × sin(φ'2 - β) / cos(β)))2 = 0.542
Passive pressure coefficient; kp2 = cos(φ'2)2 / (1 - √(sin(φ'2) × sin(φ'2))) 2 = 1.846
Height of soil layer 2; h2 = 4000 mm
Depth from GL to bottom of layer2; d2 = 9000 mm
Soil layer 3
Moist density of soil; γm3 = 16.0 kN/m3
Dry density of soil; γd3 = 10.2 kN/m3
Mobilization factor; Msoil = 1.5
Design shear strength; φ'3 = 17.3 deg
Active pressure coefficient; ka3 = cos(φ'3)2 / (1 + √(sin(φ'3) × sin(φ'3 - β) / cos(β)))2 = 0.542
Passive pressure coefficient; kp3 = cos(φ'3)2 / (1 - √(sin(φ'3) × sin(φ'3))) 2 = 1.846
Height of soil layer 3; h3 = 4000 mm
Depth from GL to bottom of layer3; d3 = 13000 mm
Soil layer 4
Moist density of soil; γm4 = 16.0 kN/m3
Dry density of soil; γd4 = 10.2 kN/m3
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Mobilization factor; Msoil = 1.5

Design shear strength; φ'4 = 17.3 deg
Active pressure coefficient; ka4 = cos(φ'4)2 / (1 + √(sin(φ'4) × sin(φ'4 - β) / cos(β)))2 = 0.542
Passive pressure coefficient; kp4 = cos(φ'4)2 / (1 - √(sin(φ'4) × sin(φ'4))) 2 = 1.846
Height of soil layer 4; h4 = 2203 mm

Level Depth below GL 25 kN/m2

d L1 0
15.5

Soil 1 - 5000
d L2 3000
37.8

-46.1 67.5
d L3 5000
-49.9 61.5

Soil 2 - 4000

-164.4 122.8
d L4 9000
-164.4 122.8

Soil 3 - 4000

-278.9 184.2
d L5 13000
-278.9 184.2

Balanced, d L6 15203
-341.9 217.9
Soil 4 - 6000

H pile 19000
SECTION THROUGH SHEET PILE WALL BALANCED PRESSURE DIAGRAM (kN/m2)

Overburden on active side

Overburden at 0 mm below GL in soil 1;
Overburden at 3000 mm below GL in soil 1;
Overburden at 5000 mm below GL in soil 1;
Overburden at 5000 mm below GL in soil 2;
Overburden at 9000 mm below GL in soil 2;
Overburden at 9000 mm below GL in soil 3;
Overburden at 13000 mm below GL in soil 3;
Overburden at 13000 mm below GL in soil 4;
Overburden at 15203 mm below GL in soil 4;
OBa11 = Q = 25.0 kN/m2
OBa21 = γm1 × ha1 + OBa11 = 61.0 kN/m2
OBa31 = γd1 × ha2 + OBa21 = 77.4 kN/m2
OBa32 = γd1 × ha2 + OBa21 = 77.4 kN/m2
OBa41 = γd2 × ha3 + OBa32 = 118.1 kN/m2
OBa42 = γd2 × ha3 + OBa32 = 118.1 kN/m2
OBa51 = γd3 × ha4 + OBa42 = 158.9 kN/m2
OBa52 = γd3 × ha4 + OBa42 = 158.9 kN/m2
OBa61 = γd4 × ha5 + OBa52 = 181.3 kN/m2

Overburden on passive side

Overburden at 3000 mm below GL in soil 1;
Overburden at 5000 mm below GL in soil 1;
Overburden at 5000 mm below GL in soil 2;
Overburden at 9000 mm below GL in soil 2;
Overburden at 9000 mm below GL in soil 3;
Overburden at 13000 mm below GL in soil 3;
Overburden at 13000 mm below GL in soil 4;
Overburden at 15203 mm below GL in soil 4;
OBp21 = 0 kN/m2 = 0.0 kN/m2
OBp31 = γd1 × hp2 + OBp21 = 16.4 kN/m2
OBp32 = γd1 × hp2 + OBp21 = 16.4 kN/m2
OBp41 = γd2 × hp3 + OBp32 = 57.1 kN/m2
OBp42 = γd2 × hp3 + OBp32 = 57.1 kN/m2
OBp51 = γd3 × hp4 + OBp42 = 97.9 kN/m2
OBp52 = γd3 × hp4 + OBp42 = 97.9 kN/m2
OBp61 = γd4 × hp5 + OBp52 = 120.3 kN/m2

Pressure on active side

Active pressure at 0 mm below GL in soil 1; pa11 = ka1 × OBa11 × cos(β) = 15.5 kN/m2
Active pressure at 3000 mm below GL in soil 1; pa21 = ka1 × OBa21 × cos(β) = 37.8 kN/m2
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Active pressure at 5000 mm below GL in soil 1;
Active pressure at 5000 mm below GL in soil 2;
Active pressure at 9000 mm below GL in soil 2;
Active pressure at 9000 mm below GL in soil 3;
Active pressure at 13000 mm below GL in soil 3;
Active pressure at 13000 mm below GL in soil 4;
Active pressure at 15203 mm below GL in soil 4;
Pressure on passive side
Passive pressure at 3000 mm below GL in soil 1;
Passive pressure at 5000 mm below GL in soil 1;
Passive pressure at 5000 mm below GL in soil 2;
Passive pressure at 9000 mm below GL in soil 2;
Passive pressure at 9000 mm below GL in soil 3;
Passive pressure at 13000 mm below GL in soil 3; pp51 = kp3 × OBp51 + γw × (dL5 - max(ds, dw)) = 278.9 kN/m2
Passive pressure at 13000 mm below GL in soil 4; pp52 = kp4 × OBp52 + γw × (dL5 - max(ds, dw)) = 278.9 kN/m2
Passive pressure at 15203 mm below GL in soil 4; pp61 = kp4 × OBp61 + γw × (dL6 - max(ds, dw)) = 341.9 kN/m2
Active moments about toe
Moment about toe level 1;
Moment about toe level 1;
Moment about toe level 2;
Moment about toe level 2;
Moment about toe level 3;
Moment about toe level 3;
Moment about toe level 4;
Moment about toe level 4;
Moment about toe level 5;
Moment about toe level 5;
Passive moments about toe
Moment about toe level 2;
Moment about toe level 2;
Moment about toe level 3;
Moment about toe level 3;
Moment about toe level 4;
Moment about toe level 4;
Moment about toe level 5;
Moment about toe level 5;
Total moments about toe
Total active moment;
Total passive moment;
Required pile length
Length of pile required to balance moments;
Depth to point of contraflexure
Add 20% below point of contraflexure;
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pa31 = ka1 × OBa31 × cos(β) + γw × (dL3 - dw) = 67.5 kN/m2
pa32 = ka2 × OBa32 × cos(β) + γw × (dL3 - dw) = 61.5 kN/m2
pa41 = ka2 × OBa41 × cos(β) + γw × (dL4 - dw) = 122.8 kN/m2
pa42 = ka3 × OBa42 × cos(β) + γw × (dL4 - dw) = 122.8 kN/m2
pa51 = ka3 × OBa51 × cos(β) + γw × (dL5 - dw) = 184.2 kN/m2
pa52 = ka4 × OBa52 × cos(β) + γw × (dL5 - dw) = 184.2 kN/m2
pa61 = ka4 × OBa61 × cos(β) + γw × (dL6 - dw) = 217.9 kN/m2
pp21 = kp1 × OBp21 = 0.0 kN/m2
pp31 = kp1 × OBp31 + γw × (dL3 - max(ds, dw)) = 46.1 kN/m2
pp32 = kp2 × OBp32 + γw × (dL3 - max(ds, dw)) = 49.9 kN/m2
pp41 = kp2 × OBp41 + γw × (dL4 - max(ds, dw)) = 164.4 kN/m2
pp42 = kp3 × OBp42 + γw × (dL4 - max(ds, dw)) = 164.4 kN/m2
Ma11 = 0.5 × pa11 × ha1 × [ (H – dL2) + 2/3 × ha1] = 329.8 kNm/m
Ma12 = 0.5 × pa21 × ha1 × [ (H – dL2) + 1/3 × ha1] = 748.1 kNm/m
Ma21 = 0.5 × pa21 × ha2 × [ (H – dL3) + 2/3 × ha2] = 435.8 kNm/m
Ma22 = 0.5 × pa31 × ha2 × [ (H – dL3) + 1/3 × ha2] = 734.1 kNm/m
Ma31 = 0.5 × pa32 × ha3 × [ (H – dL4) + 2/3 × ha3] = 1091.4 kNm/m
Ma32 = 0.5 × pa41 × ha3 × [ (H – dL4) + 1/3 × ha3] = 1851.6 kNm/m
Ma41 = 0.5 × pa42 × ha4 × [ (H – dL5) + 2/3 × ha4] = 1196.4 kNm/m
Ma42 = 0.5 × pa51 × ha4 × [ (H – dL5) + 1/3 × ha4] = 1302.5 kNm/m
Ma51 = 0.5 × pa52 × ha5 × [ (H – dL6) + 2/3 × ha5] = 297.9 kNm/m
Ma52 = 0.5 × pa61 × ha5 × [ (H – dL6) + 1/3 × ha5] = 176.3 kNm/m
Mp21 = 0.5 × pp21 × hp2 × [ (H – dL3) + 2/3 × hp2] = 0.0 kNm/m
Mp22 = 0.5 × pp31 × hp2 × [ (H – dL3) + 1/3 × hp2] = 500.8 kNm/m
Mp31 = 0.5 × pp32 × hp3 × [ (H – dL4) + 2/3 × hp3] = 884.6 kNm/m
Mp32 = 0.5 × pp41 × hp3 × [ (H – dL4) + 1/3 × hp3] = 2477.5 kNm/m
Mp41 = 0.5 × pp42 × hp4 × [ (H – dL5) + 2/3 × hp4] = 1600.8 kNm/m
Mp42 = 0.5 × pp51 × hp4 × [ (H – dL5) + 1/3 × hp4] = 1972.3 kNm/m
Mp51 = 0.5 × pp52 × hp5 × [ (H – dL6) + 2/3 × hp5] = 451.1 kNm/m
Mp52 = 0.5 × pp61 × hp5 × [ (H – dL6) + 1/3 × hp5] = 276.6 kNm/m
ΣMa = 8163.9 kNm/m
ΣMp = 8163.7 kNm/m
H = 15203 mm
dcontra = dL3 + ((pa32 - pp32) / (((pp41 - pp32) - (pa41 - pa32)) / ha3)) = 5877 mm
de_add = 1.2 × (H – dcontra) = 11191 mm
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Minimum required pile length; Htotal = dcontra + de_add = 17068 mm

Pass - Provided length of sheet pile greater than minimum required length of pile
Required section modulus
Maximum moment in pile (from analysis); Mpile = max(ABS(Mmin), ABS(Mmax)) = 900.4 kNm
Permissible stress of pile; σpile = 270 N/mm2
Material factor; γms = 1.5
Min req’d plastic section modulus (per metre run); Z = γms × Mpile / σpile = 5002 cm3

15.48

37.77
37.77

46.07 67.54
49.87 61.53

major shear
1
x

164.37 122.84
164.37 122.84

278.87 184.16
278.87 184.16

2
341.94 217.93

Analysis model Analysis loading diagram

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Level Depth below GL

dL1 0 0

dL2 3000

dL3 5000
-144.2

Shear (kN)
Moment (kNm)

dL4 9000

-900.4

dL5 13000

434
Balanced, dL6 15203

Hpile 19000

Bending moment and shear force diagram