What is a

human person?.
What makes up a human person?

Group 7.
11 - St. Raymond | PHILOSOPHY.
Yadjee Lozano
France Magpayo
Luis Iñigo
Benj Egama
 Are you Soul, Mind,
Approaches Tarzan
human? Spirit
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Are you human?

Intro

Views
You’re a human
right? What makes
Philos
you say so? How
are you sure that
Levels
you are not just
some alien?
Properties
 Are you Soul, Mind,
Approaches Tarzan
human? Spirit
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Approaches
Intro

Views
Metaphysical Approach
- Defines it as dealing with the “what” of a
Philos
human person

Levels
Existential approach
- Defines it as dealing with the “who” of a
Properties human person
 Are you Soul, Mind,
Approaches Tarzan
human? Spirit
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Tarzan
Intro

Views

Philos
What of a human person.

Levels Who of an ape.

Properties
 Are you Soul, Mind,
Approaches Tarzan
human? and Spirit
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Soul, Mind, and

Spirit
Intro

Views
Soul Mind Spirit

Philos
Nonbodily,
Life-giving nonbiological,
Levels
Consciousness
function or nonphysical
Properties
nature
 Unspirited Disembodied Embodied Most
Body View Spirit view Spirit View Preferable

Unspirited Body
View
Intro

Views
- Comes from the belief that humans do
not have a spiritual component.
Philos
- Includes those views in the philosophy of
mind where what we call "mental states"
Levels
are just physical states.
Properties - Mind-brain theory and behaviorism.
 Unspirited Disembodied Embodied Most
Body View Spirit view Spirit View Preferable

Disembodied
Spirit View
Intro

Views - A human person is essentially just his/her

spirit.
Philos - The body is dependent on the spirit, but
the spirit is not dependent on the body.
Levels
- Two strong supporters of this view are
Plato and Rene Descartes.
Properties

- Substance Dualism.
 Unspirited Disembodied Embodied Most
Body View Spirit view Spirit View Preferable

Embodied Spirit
View
Intro

Views - A human person is the unity of

his/her body and spirit.
Philos - The body and spirit coexists and are
dependent to each other.
Levels
- Two strong supporters of this view
Properties
are Aristotle and St. Thomas Aquinas.
 Unspirited Disembodied Embodied Most
Body View Spirit view Spirit View Preferable

Most Preferable
Intro

Views Metaphysical Approach

- Maintains human freedom
Philos
- Gives importance to the soul as well
as the body
Levels
- Can accommodate opposing views
Properties
 Descartes’ Aristotle’s Aristotle’s
Plato’s view Aquinas’ view
view view 1 view 2
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Plato’s view
Intro

Views
- The soul is immortal
Philos (believes in reincarnation).
- Souls are not composed of
Levels individual parts for they are
immaterial.
Properties
 Descartes’ Aristotle’s Aristotle’s
Plato’s view Aquinas’ view
view view 1 view 2
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Descartes’ view
Intro

Views
MIND MATTER
Conscious but not Extended in space
extended in space but not conscious
Philos

Not determined by Abides by the laws

the laws of nature of nature and has no
Levels and is free free will

- Views reality is two different types of Includes plants, Includes the

Properties substances; mind (nonphysical) and animals, human
bodies, nature
imperfect minds of
humans and the
matter (physical). perfect mind of God
 Descartes’ Aristotle’s Aristotle’s
Plato’s view Aquinas’ view
view view 1 view 2
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Aristotle’s view 1
Intro

- Regards the soul as the principle of

Views
life.

Philos
- The body is the person's material
aspect or "matter" and the soul is
his/her formal aspect or "form".
Levels
- A knife’s metallic material is its
Properties matter, while its capacity to cut is its
form.
 Descartes’ Aristotle’s Aristotle’s
Plato’s view Aquinas’ view
view view 1 view 2
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Aristotle’s view 2
Intro

Vegetative or Sensitive Rational

Views
nutritive soul soul soul

Philos Enables humans to

Enables animals to
Enables plants to perform the activities
perform the activities
perform activities necessary for
necessary for
Levels necessary for nourishment, growth,
nourishment, growth,
nourishment, growth, reproduction,
reproductions,
and reproduction. sensation, locomotion,
Properties sensation, and
intelligence/rational
locomotion.
thinking, and freedom.
 Descartes’ Aristotle’s Aristotle’s
Plato’s view Aquinas’ view
view view 1 view 2
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Aquinas’ view
Intro
- Thinks that the rational soul of
Views humans has a dual nature.
- The soul's vegetative and sensitive
Philos
abilities are dependent on the body,
and the rational ability to think is
Levels independent.
- Vegetative and sensitive souls are
Properties
mortal, while rational souls are
immortal.
 Personal Particular
General Level
Identity Level
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Personal Identity
Intro

Views
Refers to a person’s
sense of who he/she
Philos is as he/she
undergoes various
Levels changes based on the
continuity of his/her
Properties
consciousness.
 Personal Particular
General Level
Identity Level
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General Level
Intro

Views Focuses on how to

distinguish between mind
Philos
and non-minds, o between
mental states and physical
states, say how beliefs
Levels
hopes, fears, and desires
differ from tables,
Properties
mountains and sunsets.
 Personal Particular
General Level
Identity Level
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Particular Level
Intro

Views
Focuses on how to
distinguish mental states
from another, say how
Philos
beliefs differs from pains,
or how a belief about
Levels something that exists
differs from a believe about
Properties something that does not
exist.
 Subjective Ontological
Consciousness Intentionality Privacy
Quality Subjectivity
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Consciousness
Intro

Views
- Generally being aware or sentient
of things around us.
Philos

- Consciousness indicators include:

Levels cognitions, emotions, sensations,
perceptions,
Properties
quasi-perceptions,and conations
 Subjective Ontological
Consciousness Intentionality Privacy
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Subjective Quality
Intro

- Being conscious of one’s own mental

Views states or undergoes his/her own
conscious experiences.
Philos
- Considered subjective since a person
may attach a different quality to an
Levels experience that may differ from
another person’s experience.
Properties

- The quale (qualia in plural) or the

“phenomenal/experiential feel”.
 Subjective Ontological
Consciousness Intentionality Privacy
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Intentionality
Intro

- To be about something or to be directed

Views
at some objects or events in the world.

Philos - The intentionality of mental states is

inherent or original if it is something we
create or decide on (beliefs).
Levels
- The intentionality of mental states is
Properties derived or imposed if it is our creation or
decision that makes them intentional
(language, maps, signs)
 Subjective Ontological
Consciousness Intentionality Privacy
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Ontological
Subjectivity
Intro
- To exist only in so far as there is a subject who
Views has them or who experiences them.
(Dependent on a subject for their existence)

Philos - Pain, fear, and beliefs exist since there are

entities such as humans and animals that
experience them.
Levels

- Ontological objectivity is the property of

Properties certain things to exist by themselves without
a subject that is conscious of them (trees and
mountains).
 Subjective Ontological
Consciousness Intentionality Privacy
Quality Subjectivity
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Privacy
Intro

Views
- To be directly known only by the
subject or person who has them.
Philos

- If you have a headache, you

Levels directly know that you have a
headache, while others may find
Properties
out in an indirect way.
Thank you!