GECRPH-18
Studying  Material evidence of the prehistoric
Readings in Philippine History
(Reviewer)
Module 1: Learning History
What is History?
A study of the beliefs and desires,
practices, and institutions of human
beings. With this definition, history
becomes an active factor in the study of
Philippine society. It also includes a look
into the development of Philippine culture
through time especially with the
influences of the colonial period that
would eventually shape the present
Philippine identity.
- written record
- events happened in the past
- “history” derived from the Greek noun
istoia, meaning learning.
- the word history now means, “the past
of mankind.”
- “kasaysayan” salaysay na may saysay.
- “kwento na may kwenta”
Why Study History?
Why Study History? An examination of
the past can tell us a great deal about
how we came to be who we are. It means
looking at the roots of modern institutions,
ideas, values, and problems.
history allows us to gain valuable
perspectives on the problems of our
modern society.
Module 2: Understanding Sources
What is Sources?
Any thing or place from which something
comes, arises, or is obtained; origin: The
beginning or place of origin of a stream
or river.
Primary Sources
Materials produced by people or groups
are either participants or eyewitnesses to
the event. These sources range from
eyewitness accounts, diaries, letters,
legal documents, official documents
(government or private), and even
photographs.
Examples:
 Photographs
 Old sketches
 Old maps
past like cave drawings, old
syllabaries, and ancient writings
 Statistical tables, graphs, and charts
 Oral history or recordings by
electronic means of accounts of
eyewitnesses or participants: the
recordings are then transcribed and
used for research.
 Published and unpublished primary
documents, eyewitness accounts,
and other written source
Secondary Sources
A “the testimony of anyone who is not an
eyewitness－that is of one who was not
present at the event of which he tells”
Examples:
 Books
 Articles
 Scholarly Journals that interpreted
primary sources.
Module 3: Magellan’s Voyage Around
the World
Understanding Perspective
Perspectives refers to the point of view
of the said writer who was a witness
to the event.
Historical Context (kulang pa ‘to
ihighlight mo nalang yung important info)
One of the benefits that the Europeans
gained from the Crusades was the
discovery of some products that were
not available in their home country.
These included porcelain, silk, incense,
herbs, perfumes, fabrics, carpets, spices,
and other oriental products.
Asian goods reached Europe either via
the Silk Road or the Arabian-Italian trade
route. Both routes were expensive and
oftentimes disrupted by wars, natural
calamities, and bandits. The closing of
the land route of the Spice Trade with the
conquest by the Ottoman Empire of
Contantinople (present-day Turkey and
the “gateway to the West” then) in 1453
forced European kingdoms to look for
ways to purchase spices directly from the
source. They decided to explore the
oceans to look for a way to the famed
Spice Islands. Prince Henry the
Navigator of Portugal put up a maritime
school that trained sailors who would
later discover an eastern route going to
the Spice Island (the modern-day
Moluccas Islands) and other islands in
Southeast Asia via the Atlantic Ocean
and the Indian Ocean. The marriage of
Queen Isabella of Castile and King
Ferdinand II of Aragon (1469) coupled
with the victory of the Catholic monarchs
over the Moors in the Battle of
Granada (1492) resulted in the rise of
Spain as a world power. With the
domestic problems already under control,
Spain started to explore their economic
options outside the Iberian Peninsula.
Inspired by the success of Portugal, they
aspired to have a fair share in the spice
trade. They financed the trans-Atlantic
voyages of Christopher Columbus
(1492 to 1502) which resulted in the
discovers of the territories on the other
side of the Atlantic Ocean.The
Magellan-Elcano expedition left the
port of Sanlucar de Barrameda in Seville
on August 20, 1519 with around 270
men of different nationalities. One of
its main objectives was to search of a
new maritime path to the Spice Islands
that would not violate Spain’s treaty with
Portugal. Lapu-lapu, the chieftain of
Mactan, refused to trade with the
Spaniards and when Magellan learned
this, he waged war with him. Despite
their superiority in term of arms and
training, the Spaniards lost the battle and
one of the casualties was Magellan
himself. On September 7, 1522, Elcano
and 17 survivors arrived in Spain
aboard the ship Victoria. One of them
was Antonio Pigafetta, the assistant of
Magellan who kept a journal that became
the main source of what we know about
the first encounter of the Spaniards and
the Filipinos.
About the Author
Antonio Pigafetta (1491-c.1534), born
around 1490 in the town of Vicenza,
Venice, Italy was the eldest son of
Goivanni Pigafetta to second wife Angela
Zoga. He studied astronomy, geography,
and cartography and during his younger
years worked in the ships owned by the
Knights of Rhodes.
About the Book
Pigafetta kept a detailed journal of what
happened to them from the time they left
Seville in 1519 until they returned to
Spain three years after.
The original journal of Pigafetta did not Module 4: Historical Content
survive time. What was handed down to
us are copies of the manuscript that were About the Author
never printed in his lifetime. About the Text
It recounted the individual fates of the Excerpts from Customs of the
five ships (Trinidad, San Antonio, Tagalogs
Concepcion, Santiago, and Victoria)
that comprised the Magellan expedition.
It narrated lucidly how they gallantly
survived the unforeseen problems and
challenges, such as shortage of food,
various types of diseases, the crew's lack
of confidence in Magellan's leadership,
and the hostile attitude of the people they
encountered during the journey.
Pigafetta's account also included maps,
glossaries of native words, and
geographic information and descriptions
of the flora and fauna of the places they
visited.

Excerpts from Magellan's Voyage

Around the World

Ps: Pabasa nalang nito sa VLE.

Apakahaba like leg8 hahaha