Generator Fundamentals

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 Generator Fundamentals - Objectives

CLICK THE PICTURE

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 Permanent Magnets
Flux has Direction, North to South

Flux takes the path of

Least Reluctance
MAGNET
IRON

Magnetic Lines of Flux will always form

Complete Loops
__________________ ?
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TB1-01
 Electromagnet

Wire
CURRENT
North Pole

Power Source

Current Flow

Iron
Ampere x _____________
MMF = _________ Turns

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TB1-02
 Collector Ring Connections

Flux proportional to DC current

How many brushes on your machine?

How often should the brushes be checked?
Every shift! 5
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 Rotor Flux
Centerline of Poles

ROTOR w/Field Windings

A
+

A
Current into the page
View A - A
Current out of the page
-
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 Generator Rotor

Brushless Rotor

Large Rotor in Balance Bunker

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Rotor is a one piece forging with longitudinal slots
cut into the field body to hold the field coils
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 Rotor Windings

Cooling
What are the holes in the rotor windings for? ____________________
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Rotor Winding, cool gas in, warm gas out

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The wedges that hold the rotor windings
in place have holes to allow let gas in
and out
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Conducting Components

Collector End Cross Section

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 Fields

Example of Collector / Brush Field Rotor

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 Fields

Example of Brushless Field Rotor

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What could go wrong?

What is it? 15
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Tried starting at turning gear speed, no field,
closed the generator breaker 16
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For Sale…….Cheap
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 A
STATOR

ROTOR

AIR GAP

A
View A-A
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 Generator Off Line Flux
Stator Iron

Stator Winding Flux Pattern inside the generator

when the unit is:

1) Off Line

2) At rated Speed

3) At rated terminal volts

Where are the rotor poles?

Air Gap Horizontal
Rotor Coil Where is the centerline of the flux?
Horizontal 19
Rotor Forging Generator_Fundamentals_20120417
 Stator Laminations

STATOR CORE FRAME Note Key bars STATOR CORE LAMINATION

ASSEMBLING STATOR CORE WINDING SLOTS20

ALINGMENT OF STATORGenerator_Fundamentals_20120417
 Stator Windings

• The stator bars are composed of insulated copper

conductors (strands) transposed by the “Roebel”
method. 21
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 Stator Windings

• The stator windings are composed of insulated bars assembled in

the stator slots,.

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 What are RTD’s used for?
Where would you find out the highest safe operating temperature of the Stator Windings?
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 A
STATOR

ROTOR

AIR GAP

View A-A
A
Where are the poles of the rotor? Vertical
At this instant in time what is the induced voltage in the one Stator winding? Maximum
Induced Voltage is Proportional to: Speed, Flux, number of Stator windings
E =BLV 24
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AC Waveform

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 Requirements to Synchronize

List the three requirements to Synchronize:

Match voltage
1) ____________________________________

Match Frequency
2) ____________________________________

Match Phase angle or Sync scope at 12

3) ____________________________________

With the GE Control System Synchronizing will only occur if:

Gen Voltage 0 – 2% higher than system

1) ____________________________________

Gen Speed is .05 to .4 hertz greater than rated

2) ____________________________________

What is the proper method to take the generator off line?

Reduce fuel, let the generator motor and let the reverse power relay in the
turbine control initiate a generator breaker open 26
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 Three Phase Rotation
1 2

Which is Green 1 or 2?

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 On – Line Generator flux

FLUX Flux Pattern inside the generator

when the unit is:

1) On Line

2) At rated Speed

3) At rated terminal volts

POLES

Where are the rotor poles?

Horizontal
Where is the centerline of the flux?
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43 degrees from horizontal
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 Power System Stabilizer
OFF LINE ON LINE
FLUX

Poles

Note: There is an error, the drawings should have the same number of lines of flux

When the unit is On-Line how can the flux angle be changed?
Change in load
Change in Fuel
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Change in excitation Generator_Fundamentals_20120417
 _______________
WITHOUT PSS

Generator Volts

Field Volts

MWATTS

MVARS

WITH
_______________ PSS

Generator Volts

Field Volts

MWATTS

MVARS

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