Contrast Enhancement

submitted by
Anukta Mishra
 CATALOGUE
• General perception about Image Contrast
• Subjective contrast enhancement
• State of the Art
– Histogram Equalization (HE)
– Bi-histogram Equalization (BHE)
– (type your topics)
• Simulation Results
• Applications (Medical and others)
• Advantages
• Limitations
• Future Work
• Conclusion
 Image Contrast; general perception
• Difference in visual properties of an object or its representation in an
image make it distinguishable from other objects and the background
– Brightness, Color, Texture etc.
• This difference in the visual properties of objects and their background are
generally referred to as Contrast.
 STATE OF THE ART

HISTOGRAM EQUALIZATION
• Technique for adjusting image intensities to enhance
contrast.
• Introduces major changes in the image gray level
when the spread of the histogram is not significant
• Here pixels of the entire image are uniformly
distributed among all possible gray levels.
• Generally gives good performance over variety of
images.
 BI-HISTOGRAM EQUALIZATION

• Partition histograms in two sub-histograms

and equalize them independently.
• Proposed to minimize mean intensity change.
• Here image parameter mean gray level is used
for partitioning.
• Better than histogram equalization in terms of
visual quality and result.
 Dynamic Histogram Equalisation
• Partitions the histogram based on local
minima.
• Range of gray levels is allocated to each sub-
histogram.
• Re-splits sub-histogram if dominance is
observed.
• Conventional histogram equalisation is
performed for each sub-histogram.
Simulation Result
 APPLICATIONS
These histogram equalization techniques often used to
achieve better quality images in black and white color
scales in

• Medical applications such as digital X-rays, MRIs and

CT scans
• Digital and print media
• Surveillance
• Consumer electronics, such as TV, camcorder etc.
 ADVANTAGES
• DHE can preserve the losses that occur due to
contrast gains or clippings as in case of shadows, or
in photographs that have back lit background (e.g.
direct sunlight, light snow)
• HE implementation is simple and it enhances
contrasts of an image.
• BBHE is capable of preserving mean brightness.
 LIMITATIONS

• HE cannot preserve the overall image-brightness

which is critical to medical, surveillance and
consumer electronics applications.
• BBHE requires more H/W implementation than
typical HE
 FUTURE WORK

• .In future in this project we can include large number

of histogram methods, histogram equalization and
histogram expansion for contrast enhancement.
• In BBHE, we can reduce the complexity by
introducing quantized probability density functions.
CONCLUSION
REFERENCE