Engineering Chemistry Questions
Explanation: Solid-solid chromatography is not a
and Answers – Chromatography
1. Chromatography is the process for identification,
purification and separation of components of a
mixture on the basis of ____________
a) Difference in their boiling point
b) Difference in their melting point
c) Difference in their affinity for mobile and stationary
phase
d) Difference in their solubility
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Chromatography is the process for
identification, purification and separation of
components of a mixture on the basis of difference in
their affinity for mobile and stationary phases. The
mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile phase,
which carries it through a structure holding another
material called the stationary phase.
2. Chromatography involves two mutually ____________
a) Immiscible phases
b) Miscible phases
c) Soluble phases
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Chromatography involves two mutually
immiscible phases (stationary and mobile phases).
The mixture is dissolved in a fluid called the mobile
phase, which carries it through a structure holding
another material called the stationary phase.
3. There is no need of support if packed into a column
when the stationary phase is ____________
a) Gas
b) Liquid
c) Solid
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: If the stationary phase is solid, there is
no need of support if packed into a column. In solid
phase, all the molecules are already in closed packing.
4. Which of the following is not a stationary phase?
a) Liquid-liquid chromatography
b) Gas-liquid chromatography
c) Gas-solid chromatography
d) Solid-solid chromatography
View Answer
Answer: d
stationary phase because solid-solid phase cannot
provide any fluidity.
5. Liquid chromatography is a technique for
separating ____________
a) Ions that are not dissolved in a solvent
b) Ions that are dissolved in a solvent
c) Ions that are dissolved in a solute
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Liquid chromatography is a technique
for separating ions that are dissolved in a solvent.
Solute is the material which is dissolved and solvent is
the solution in which it is dissolved.
6. In exclusion chromatography, solute molecules are
separated based on ____________
a) Molecular geometry and size
b) Molecular composition
c) Molecular phase
d) Molecular formula
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In exclusion chromatography, solute
molecules are separated based on molecular
geometry and size. These two physical characteristics
have a significance role in exclusion chromatography.
7. The gas-solid chromatography is ______________
chromatography as per basic principle involved.
a) Exclusion
b) Ion-exchange
c) Adsorption
d) Absorption
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The gas-solid chromatography is
adsorption chromatography as per basic principle
involved as the gas molecules are adsorbed on the
solid surface.
8. A proper solvent that is passed through the column
for elution so that separated components can be
collected is called ____________
a) Adsorbent
b) Buffer solution
c) Mobile phase
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: A proper solvent that is passed through
the column for elution so that separated components
can be collected is called buffer solution. The eluate is
the mobile phase leaving the column. The eluent is
the solvent that carries the analyte.
9. The relative solubility of solute in both the phases
determines the ____________
a) Rate of movement of solvent
b) Rate of disappearance of solvent
c) Rate of movement of solute
d) Rate of disappearance of solute
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The relative solubility of solute in both
the phases determines the rate of movement of
solute as solute is added to the solution.
10. If the mobile phase is gas, movement of solute is
determined by its ____________
a) Boiling point
b) Melting point
c) Solubility
d) Volatility
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: If the mobile phase is gas, movement of
solute is determined by its volatility because gas is
always measured as volatility not as solubility or
melting point or boiling point.
Engineering Chemistry Questions
and Answers – Column
Chromatography
1. Column chromatography is based on the principle
of _______________
a) Ion-exchange
b) Exclusion principle
c) Differential adsorption
d) Absorption
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Column chromatography is based on the
principle of differential adsorption. It means different
compounds have different tendencies to get adsorb
on a particular surface.
2. Arrange the following compounds in order of their
increasing adsorption tendencies.
a) Cellulose >> starch >> calcium carbonate >>
alumina
b) Cellulose >> starch >> alumina >> charcoal
c) Charcoal >> cellulose >> alumina >> starch
d) Calcium carbonate >>; alumina >> starch >>
cellulose
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Cellulose >> starch >> calcium carbonate
>> charcoal >> alumina is the correct order of
increasing adsorption tendencies.
3. What is the factor responsible for the separation in
column chromatography?
a) Polarity differences between the solvent
b) Polarity differences between the solute
c) Polarity indifference between the solvent
d) Polarity indifference between the solute
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Polarity differences between the solute
molecules are responsible for the separation in
column chromatography.
4. Select the correct statement from the following
options.
a) The lesser the polarity of solute, more strongly it
will be adsorbed on a polar surface
b) The greater the polarity of solute, more weakly it
will be adsorbed on a polar surface
c) The greater the polarity of solute, more strongly it
will be adsorbed on a polar surface
d) All of the mentioned option
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The greater the polarity of solute, more
strongly it will be adsorbed on a polar surface.
5. The correct order of increasing strength of
adsorption is ____________
a) Alkanes >> Esters >> Aldehydes >> Phenols >>
Ketones
b) Aldehydes >> Phenols >> Ketones >> Esters >>
Alkanes
c) Aldehydes >> Ketones >> Esters >> Alkanes >>
Phenols
d) Alkanes >> Esters >> Ketones >> Aldehydes >>
Phenols
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: the correct order increasing strength of
adsorption is: Alkanes >> Esters >> Ketones >>
Aldehydes >> Phenols.
6. The components of the mixture in column a) Eluter
chromatography are eluted in order of ____________ b) Eluant
a) Increasing polarity and decreasing distribution ratio c) Elution
b) Increasing polarity and increasing distribution ratio d) None of the mentioned option
c) Decreasing polarity and increasing distribution ratio View Answer
d) Decreasing polarity and decreasing distribution Answer: c
ratio Explanation: Chloroform fraction is eluted from the
View Answer column by passing chloroform through the column
Answer: b which acts as eluant. The eluate is the mobile phase
Explanation: The components of the mixture in leaving the column. The eluent is the solvent that
column chromatography are eluted in order of carries the analyte.
increasing polarity and increasing distribution ratio.

7. The elution power of a solvent is determined by

____________ Engineering Chemistry Questions
a) Its overall polarity and Answers – Thin Layer
b) The polarity of the stationary phase
c) The nature of the sample components
Chromatography
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer 1. The principle on which thin layer chromatography
Answer: d is based is that the ____________
Explanation: The elution power of a solvent is a) Different compounds are absorbed on an
determined by its overall polarity, the polarity of the absorbent to different degrees
stationary phase and the nature of the sample b) Different compounds are absorbed on an
components. absorbent to same degrees
c) Different compounds are adsorbed on an
8. Which of the following is separated through column adsorbent to different degrees
chromatography? d) Different compounds are absorbed on an
a) Chlorophyll and carotenoids absorbent to same degrees
b) Inorganic cations or complexes View Answer
c) Sugar derivatives
Answer: c
d) Amino acids formed by hydrolysis of a protein
Explanation: Thin layer chromatography is based on
molecule
the fact that different compounds are adsorbed on an
View Answer adsorbent to different degrees. It is a
Answer: a chromatography technique used to separate non-
Explanation: The main application of column volatile mixtures.
chromatography is to separate plant pigment
(Chlorophyll and carotenoids). 2. The size of a thin layer of adsorbent is about
____________
9. The mixture of petroleum ether and benzene is a) 0.1 mm
used in the elution ratio of ____________ b) 0.2 mm
a) 1 : 2 c) 0.3 mm
b) 1 : 5 d) 0.4 mm
c) 1 : 9 View Answer
d) 1 : 12
Answer: b
View Answer Explanation: The size of a thin layer of adsorbent is
Answer: c about 0.2 mm. TLC plates are usually commercially
Explanation: The mixture of petroleum ether and available, with standard particle size ranges to
benzene is used in the elution ratio of 1:9 (V/V). improve reproducibility.
10. Chloroform fraction is eluted from the column by 3. The chromaplate or thin layer chromatography
passing chloroform through the column which acts as plate is made up of ____________
____________ a) Glass
b) Wood 7. Select the correct statement from the following.
c) Fibre a) Paper chromatography is a type of partition
d) Metal chromatography
View Answer b) A special quality paper is used in paper
Answer: a chromatography
Explanation: The chromaplate or thin layer c) Chromatography paper contains water trapped in
chromatography plate is made up of glass. TLC plates it, which acts as stationary phase
are usually commercially available, with standard d) All of the mentioned
particle size ranges to improve reproducibility. They View Answer
are prepared by mixing the adsorbent, such as silica Answer: d
gel, with a small amount of inert binder like calcium Explanation: Paper chromatography is a type of
sulfate (gypsum) and water. partition chromatography. A special quality paper is
used in paper chromatography which contains water
4. The eluant filled in the closed jar is ____________
trapped in it, which acts as a stationary phase.
a) Mixture of gases
b) Mixture of a liquid and a gas 8. Amino acids detected by spraying the plate with
c) Mixture of solids ninhydrin solution is an example of ____________
d) Mixture of liquids a) Column chromatography
View Answer b) Thin layer chromatography
Answer: d c) Paper chromatography
Explanation: The eluant filled in the closed jar is liquid d) Liquid chromatography
or mixture of liquids. View Answer
Answer: c
5. Select the incorrect statement from the following
Explanation: Amino acids detected by spraying the
options.
plate with a ninhydrin solution is an example of paper
a) The spots of colorless compounds are invisible to
chromatography. Paper chromatography is an
the eyes
analytical method that is used to separate colored
b) These spots can be detected by putting the plate
chemicals or substances.
under ultraviolet light
c) These spots can be detected by placing the plate in 9. Paper chromatography is based on continuous
a covered jar containing iodine crystals differential partitioning of components of a mixture
d) None of the mentioned between stationary and mobile phases.
View Answer a) True
Answer: d b) False
Explanation: All the mentioned options are correct. View Answer
The spots of colorless compounds are invisible to the Answer: a
eyes, can be detected by putting the plate under Explanation: Paper chromatography is based on a
ultraviolet light and can be detected by placing the continuous differential partitioning of components of
plate in a covered jar containing iodine crystals. a mixture between stationary and mobile phases. It is
an analytical method that is used to separate colored
6. The relative adsorption of each component of the
chemicals or substances.
mixture is expressed in terms of its ____________
a) Acceleration factor 10. Retardation factor is the ratio of ____________
b) Retardation factor a) Distance moved by substance from base line to
c) Both acceleration and retardation factor distance moved by the solvent from base line
d) None of the mentioned b) Distance moved by solvent from base line to
View Answer distance moved by the substance from base line
Answer: b c) Distance moved by substance from top line to
Explanation: The relative adsorption of each distance moved by the solvent from top line
component of the mixture is expressed in terms of its d) Distance moved by solvent from top line to
retardation factor (Rf). distance moved by the substance from top line
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Retardation factor is the ratio of the
distance moved by substance from base line to
distance moved by the solvent from base line.
Engineering Chemistry Questions
and Answers – Chromatography
Applications
1. What are the uses of partition chromatography?
a) Separation of amino acids
b) Analysis of closely related aliphatic alcohols
c) Separation of sugar derivatives
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The uses of partition chromatography
are separation of amino acids, analysis of closely
related aliphatic alcohols and separation of sugar
derivatives.
2. Which type of chromatography is used for the
structural analysis?
a) Column chromatography
b) Paper chromatography
c) Partition chromatography
d) Affinity chromatography
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Paper chromatography is used for
structural analysis. Paper chromatography is an
analytical method that is used to separate colored
chemicals or substances.
3. Which of the following is not done using column
chromatography?
a) The identification of unknown compounds
b) The determination of homogeneity of chemical
substances
c) Separation of inorganic cations or complexes
d) Separation of geometric isomers
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Separation of inorganic cations or
complexes is done using paper chromatography.
Column chromatography is a method used to purify
individual chemical compounds from mixtures of
compounds.
4. Affinity chromatography is used for the analysis
and isolation of ____________
a) Insoluble starch substances
b) Enzyme tyrosinase
c) Antibodies bound with a covalently-attached
antigen on cellulose column
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Affinity chromatography is used for the
analysis and isolation of insoluble starch substances,
enzyme tyrosinase and antibodies bound with a
covalently-attached antigen on cellulose column.
5. Purification of enzymes and proteins is done using
____________
a) Affinity chromatography
b) Liquid chromatography
c) Column chromatography
d) Thin layer chromatography
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Affinity chromatography is used for the
purification of enzymes and proteins. Affinity
chromatography is also used for the analysis and
isolation of insoluble starch substances, enzyme
tyrosinase and antibodies bound with a covalently-
attached antigen on cellulose column.
6. Which of the following is not an application of high
performance liquid chromatography?
a) Analysis of proteins, drugs and explosives
b) Separation of pharmaceutical drugs
c) Elimination of undesirable substances from blood
d) Separation of lipids, fatty acids and steroids
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Elimination of undesirable substances
from blood is done using affinity chromatography. All
the other options are the application of high
performance liquid chromatography.
7. The checking of purity of samples is the application
of thin layer chromatography.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The checking of purity of samples is the
application of thin layer chromatography. It is a
chromatography technique used to separate non-
volatile mixtures.
8. The analysis and separation of industrial products 10. The quantitative analysis is done using
like soap and synthetic detergents is done using ____________
____________ a) Ion exchange chromatography
a) Thin layer chromatography b) Thin layer chromatography
b) Gas chromatography c) Gas chromatography
c) Ion exchange chromatography d) Liquid chromatography
d) Partition chromatography View Answer
View Answer Answer: c
9. Which of the following is the application of ion Explanation: Gas chromatography is used for the
exchange chromatography? quantitative analysis. It is a common type of
a) The softening of hard water chromatography used in analytical chemistry for
b) The demineralisation of water separating and analyzing compounds that can be
c) The separation and determination of anions vaporized without decomposition.
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer

Analytical Instrumentation b) Liquid or gas

c) Solid only
Questions and Answers – d) Liquid only
Introduction to Chromatography View Answer
Answer: a
1. Chromatography is a physical method that is used Explanation: In chromatography, there are two
to separate and analyse __________ phases namely, stationary phase and mobile phase.
a) Simple mixtures The stationary phase can be solid or a liquid
b) Complex mixtures
supported on a solid.
c) Viscous mixtures
d) Metals 4. In chromatography, which of the following can the
View Answer mobile phase be made of?
Answer: b a) Solid or liquid
Explanation: Chromatography is a physical method b) Liquid or gas
that is used to separate complex mixtures. The c) Gas only
mixture of different components is flushed through d) Liquid only
the system at different rates. View Answer
Answer: b
2. In which type of chromatography, the stationary Explanation: In chromatography, the mobile phase
phase held in a narrow tube and the mobile phase is can be composed of liquid or gas. It cannot be a solid
forced through it under pressure? material.
a) Column chromatography
b) Planar chromatography 5. Which of the following cannot be used as an
c) Liquid chromatography adsorbent in Column adsorption chromatography?
d) Gas chromatography a) Magnesium oxide
View Answer b) Silica gel
Answer: a c) Activated alumina
Explanation: In Column chromatography, the d) Potassium permanganate
stationary phase held in a narrow tube and the View Answer
mobile phase is forced through it under pressure. It is Answer: d
carried out in a long glass column having a stop-cock Explanation: The given options are all examples of
near the bottom. adsorbents in Column adsorption except potassium
permanganate. Some other adsorbents are starch
3. In chromatography, the stationary phase can be and chromatographic purified siliceous earth.
___________ supported on a solid.
a) Solid or liquid
6. Which of the following types of chromatography made of _________
involves the separation of substances in a mixture a) Solid, liquid
over a 0.2mm thick layer of an adsorbent? b) Liquid, liquid
a) Gas liquid c) Liquid, gas
b) Column d) Solid, gas
c) Thin layer View Answer
d) Paper Answer: a
View Answer Explanation: In Thin layer chromatography, the
Answer: c stationary phase is made of solid and the mobile
Explanation: Thin layer chromatography involves the phase is made of liquid.
separation of substances of a mixture over a 0.2mm
thick layer (thin layer) of an adsorbent. The adsorbent 11. In which of the following type of paper,
chromatography does the mobile phase move
can be silica gel or alumina.
horizontally over a circular sheet of paper?
7. Chromatography cannot be used to purify volatile a) Ascending paper chromatography
substances. b) Descending paper chromatography
a) True c) Radial paper chromatography
b) False d) Ascending – descending chromatography
View Answer View Answer
Answer: b Answer: c
Explanation: Chromatography can be used to purify Explanation: In Radial paper chromatography, the
volatile substances if the carrier fluid, operating mobile phase moves horizontally over a circular sheet
conditions and right adsorbent material are of paper. Separation takes place based on partition.
employed.
12. Liquid chromatography can be performed in
8. In Column chromatography, the stationary phase is which of the following ways?
made of _________ and the mobile phase is made of a) Only in columns
_________ b) Only on plane surfaces
a) Solid, liquid c) Either in columns or on plane surfaces
b) Liquid, liquid d) Neither in columns nor on plane surfaces
c) Liquid, gas View Answer
d) Solid, gas Answer: c
View Answer Explanation: Liquid chromatography can be
Answer: a performed either in columns or on plane surfaces. It
Explanation: In Column chromatography, the could be liquid-solid chromatography or liquid-liquid
stationary phase is made of solid and the mobile chromatography.
phase is made of liquid. It is carried out in a long glass
13. Gas chromatography can be performed in which
column which has a stop-cock near the bottom.
of the following ways?
9. Chromatography cannot be used to separate a) Only in columns
delicate products. b) Only on plane surfaces
a) True c) Either in columns or on plane surfaces
b) False d) Neither in columns nor on plane surfaces
View Answer View Answer
Answer: b Answer: a
Explanation: Chromatography can be used to Explanation: Gas chromatography can be performed
separate delicate products. This is because only in columns. It could be gas-
chromatography is not performed under severe
solid chromatography or gas-liquid chromatography.
conditions.
14. In Gas-liquid phase chromatography, the
10. In Thin layer chromatography, the stationary stationary phase is composed of _________ and the
phase is made of _________ and the mobile phase is mobile phase is made of _________
a) Solid, liquid through the stationary phase by the influence of
b) Liquid, liquid gravity or capillary action?
c) Liquid, gas a) Column Chromatography
d) Solid, gas b) High Pressure Liquid Chromatography
View Answer c) Gas Chromatography
Answer: c d) Planar Chromatography
Explanation: In Gas-liquid phase chromatography, the View Answer
stationary phase is made of liquid and the mobile Answer: d
phase is made of gas. Separation is based on Explanation: In Planar Chromatography, the
partition. stationary phase is supported on a flat plate of paper.
The mobile phase moves by the influence of gravity or
15. Which of the following types of chromatography capillary action.
involves the process, where the mobile phase moves

Analytical Instrumentation easily retained by other gas chromatography method

View Answer
Questions and Answers – Gas Solid Answer: c
Chromatography Explanation: Gas-solid chromatography leads to semi-
permanent retention of the analyte. Hence, it is used
1. Gas-solid chromatography is based on which of the for limited applications.
following processes?
a) Partition of the analyte between a gaseous mobile 4. The distribution coefficients of Gas-solid
phase and a stationary liquid phase chromatography are greater than that of Gas-liquid
b) Adsorption of gaseous substances on solid surface chromatography.
c) Ion exchange a) True
d) Large molecules cannot penetrate through the gel b) False
View Answer View Answer
Answer: b Answer: a
Explanation: Gas-solid chromatography is based on Explanation: The distribution coefficients of Gas-solid
the adsorption of gaseous substances on a solid chromatography are greater than that of Gas-liquid
surface. It is useful for the separation of rare gases. chromatography. The stationary phase is a solid
particle.
2. Which of the following components cannot be
retained by gas-liquid columns but can be separated 5. Which of the following columns can be used in Gas-
by using gas-solid chromatography? solid chromatography?
a) Formaldehyde a) Open tubular column
b) Hydrogen sulphide b) Analytical column
c) Benzene c) Separation column
d) Carbon dioxide d) Guard column
View Answer View Answer
Answer: b Answer: a
Explanation: Hydrogen sulphide cannot be retained Explanation: Open tubular column can be used in
by gas-liquid columns. It can be separated using gas- Gas-solid chromatography. Analytical/separation
solid chromatography. column and guard column is used in liquid
chromatography.
3. Which of the following is not an advantage of gas-
solid chromatography? 6. Which of the following is not an advantage for the
a) Increased column life conversion of packed columns into wide bore
b) Can be used for separation of rare gases capillaries?
c) Leads to semi-permanent retention of the analyte a) Longer retention times
d) Ability to retain some components that cannot be b) Longer life
c) Higher efficiency
d) Greater inertness Answer: d
View Answer Explanation: Molecular sieves have the ability to
Answer: a distinguish materials on the basis of their size. This
Explanation: Wide bore capillary has a shorter property can be used in separating molecules of
retention time. It is an advantage. It is undesirable to linear structure from bulky ones.
have a longer retention time.

7. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of gas-

solid chromatography?
a) Strong retention of polar solutes
b) Lifetime is short
c) Occurrence of catalytic changes
d) Cannot be used for very wide range of components
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The lifetime of gas-solid chromatography
is long. It can be used for geometrical isomers.

8. Gas-solid chromatography can be used only for

separation of certain low molecular weight gaseous
species.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Gas-solid chromatography can be used
only for separation of certain low molecular weight
gaseous species. This is because of gas-solid
chromatography, semi-permanent retention of
analyte only takes place.

9. Which of the following is a special adsorbent used

in gas-solid chromatography?
a) Molecular sieves
b) Silica gel
c) Alumina
d) Starch
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Molecular sieves are a special adsorbent
used in gas-solid chromatography. It is used in open
tubular columns.

10. Which of the following properties of molecular

sieves make it ideal for exclusion mechanism of
separation?
a) High thermal stability
b) Large inner surface area
c) Variable framework charge
d) Ability to distinguish materials on the basis of their
size
View Answer
 Analytical Instrumentation
Questions and Answers – Operation
of Chromatography
1. Which of the following steps takes place after
injection of feed in Column chromatography?
a) Detection of components
b) Separation in the column
c) Elution from the column
d) Collection of eluted component
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The operation that occurs after the
injection of feed is a separation in the column. After
that, elution from the column and detection of
components takes place.
2. Components with a strong attraction to the support
move more slowly than components with weak
attraction.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Different components will adsorb to the
stationary phase in varying degrees. Components
with a strong attraction to the support move more
slowly than components with weak attraction.
3. What happens during the ‘elution from the column’
phase in chromatography?
a) Components with greatest affinity elute first
b) Components with least affinity elute first
c) Components elute in a random manner
d) Components elute according to their concentration
in the mixture
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: During the elution phase, different
components elute at different times. Components
with least affinity elute first.
4. In chromatogram, the position of peaks on the time
axis can be used to determine which of the following?
a) Components of the sample
b) Amount of component in the sample
c) Column efficiency
d) Column resolution
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Chromatogram is a detector that
responds to concentration solute and is placed at the
end of the column. The position of peaks on the time
axis can be used to determine components of the
sample.
5. In chromatogram, the area under the peak can be
used to determine which of the following?
a) Components of the sample
b) Amount of component in the sample
c) Column efficiency
d) Column resolution
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Chromatogram is a detector that
responds to concentration solute and is placed at the
end of the column. The area under the peak can be
used to determine the amount of component in the
sample.
6. The stationary phase could be a viscous liquid
coated over a surface of solid particles.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The stationary phase could be a viscous
liquid coated over a surface of solid particles. The
solid particles can also be the stationary phase.
7. Given below is a diagram of separation of two
components of a mixture in a chromatographic
column. From the diagram, infer which component
has lesser affinity to the stationary phase.
a) W
b) X
c) Y
d) Z Answer: c
View Answer Explanation: In older analytical methods, gravity
Answer: c facilitated the movement of the mobile phase. The
Explanation: Y will elute from the column first. effect of capillary action was also employed to allow
Components with least affinity to the stationary phase movement.
will elute first.
10. Given below is the diagram of ‘Process of
8. Using Chromatogram as detector in chromatographic column’. Identify the unmarked
Chromatography, a graph is obtained between component in the process.
____________ and time.
a) Quantity
b) Density
c) Concentration
d) Specific gravity
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Using Chromatogram as a detector in
Chromatography, a graph is obtained between
concentration and time. The detector is placed at the
bottom of the column.

9. In older analytical methods, which of the following a) Reservoir

methods were used to allow movement of the mobile b) Collection tank
phase? c) Microprocessor
a) Pumps d) Detector
b) Pressure View Answer
c) Gravity Answer: d
d) Blowing air into the column
Explanation: The unmarked component is detector. It
View Answer
is placed at the bottom of the column. It responds to
solute concentration.

Analytical Instrumentation a) Pulsed output

Questions and Answers – Liquid
Chromatography
1. Which of the following is the disadvantage of
reciprocating pump used in liquid chromatography?
a) Produces pulsed flow
b) Corrosive components
c) Does not have small hold-up value
d) Does not have moderate flow rate
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The disadvantage of reciprocating pump
used in liquid chromatography is that it produces
pulsed flow. Therefore, the flow must be damped
before it affects the column.
2. Which of the following is not a disadvantage of
Pneumatic pumps used in liquid chromatography?
b) Dependent on solvent viscosity
c) Dependent on back pressure
d) Inconvenient for solvent gradient elution
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Pneumatic pumps provide pulse free
output. They are inexpensive.
3. Which of the following is not a desired
characteristic of pulse dampers or flow smootheners
used in liquid chromatography?
a) Easy mobile phase change over
b) Constant flow must be maintained
c) Should be effective at low system pressure
d) Maximal dead volume
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Pulse dampers are used to avoid
variations in flow. They must have minimal dead 7. Which of the following columns are not used in
volume. liquid or high performance liquid chromatography?
a) Analytical column
4. Which of the following will improve the efficiency of b) Separation column
the separation process in liquid chromatography? c) Guard column
a) Increase in sample size, increase in column d) Capillary column
diameter View Answer
b) Reduction in sample size, increase in column
Answer: d
diameter
Explanation: Capillary column is used in gas
c) Increase in sample size, reduction in column
chromatography. Analytical column is also known as a
diameter
separation column.
d) Reduction in sample size, reduction in column
diameter 8. Which of the following is not a Column-type Liquid
View Answer chromatography?
Answer: d a) Gel permeation
Explanation: Reduction in sample size and reduction b) Ion exchange
in column diameter will improve the efficiency of the c) Liquid-solid
separation process in liquid chromatography. The d) Paper
effect of uneven flow will also be reduced. View Answer
Answer: d
5. Which of the following are the practical problems Explanation: Paper chromatography is not a column-
that arise due to the decrease in column diameter?
type chromatography. It makes use of strips of hollow
a) Requirement of large particle size and high
cylinders of filter paper.
pressure drop
b) Requirement of large particle size and low pressure 9. Which of the following is not true about the radial
drop compression column when compared to standard
c) Requirement of small particle size and high separation column?
pressure drop a) Internal diameter decreases
d) Requirement of small particle size and low b) Overall operating pressure decreases
pressure drop c) Analysis time decreases
View Answer d) Solvent flow increases
Answer: c View Answer
Explanation: The practical problems that arise due to Answer: a
a decrease in column diameter are the requirement Explanation: Radial compression columns have a
of small particle size and high pressure drop. But, it wider diameter than the standard separation column.
increases column efficiency. The cartridges used are of low cost.

6. Which of the following is not true about the guard
column used in liquid chromatography?
a) It filters particles that clog the separation column
b) It extends the lifetime of separation column
c) It allows particles that cause precipitation upon
contact with stationary or mobile phase
d) The size of packing varies with the type of
protection needed
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Guard column removes particles that
cause precipitation upon contact with stationary or
mobile phase. It is placed before the separation
column.
10. Which of the following is not true about narrow
bore column when compared to standard columns?
a) Internal diameter decreases
b) Volumetric flow decreases
c) Solvent cost is saved
d) Detector response time increases
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Detector response time increases in
narrow bore columns. High purity solvents must be
used in these columns.
11. Which of the following types of liquid
chromatography uses immobilized biochemical as a
stationary phase?
a) Ion exchange chromatography Answer: c
b) Exclusion chromatography Explanation: In Affinity chromatography, immobilized
c) Affinity chromatography biochemical is used as stationary phase. It is used to
d) Gel permeation chromatography separate one or few solutes from hundreds of
View Answer unretained solutes.

Analytical Instrumentation d) Retention time

View Answer
Questions and Answers – Answer: d
Chromatographic Behaviour of Explanation: The time taken by the analyte after
Solutes sample injection to reach the detector is called
retention time. The retention of a solute in the system
1. How is the molar concentration of solute in can be used to identify the solute.
stationary phase related to molar concentration of
solute in the mobile phase? 4. The time required for a molecule of the mobile
a) Directly proportional phase to pass through the column is called ___________
b) Inversely proportional a) Dead time
c) Equal b) Solute migration rate
d) Not related c) Adjusted retention time
d) Retention time
View Answer
View Answer
Answer: a
Answer: a
Explanation: In chromatography, molar concentration
Explanation: The time required for a molecule of the
of solute in stationary phase is directly proportional
mobile phase to pass through the column is called
to molar concentration of solute in mobile phase.
dead time. The effectiveness of the system depends
Cs α Cm
on dead time.
Cs = k Cm
‘k’ is the distribution constant. 5. Adjusted retention time is the remaining retention
time after subtracting __________ from ___________
2. If the value of the distribution constant ‘k’ is one,
a) Solute migration rate and retention time
then what could be inferred about the distribution of
b) Retention time and solute migration rate
solute?
c) Dead time and retention time
a) Its distribution in stationary phase is greater
d) Retention time and dead time
b) Its distribution in mobile phase is greater
View Answer
c) It is equally distributed in stationary and mobile
phase Answer: c
d) It is distributed in a random manner Explanation: Adjusted retention time is the remaining
View Answer retention time after subtracting dead time from
Answer: c retention time. It affects the effectiveness of the
Explanation: system.
Cs α Cm 6. Which of the following is the volume of mobile
Cs = k Cm phase required to make a solute band move from the
If k=1, it denotes that the solute is equally distributed point of injection through the column to the detector?
in the mobile and stationary phase. a) Dead volume
b) Retention volume
3. The time taken by the analyte after sample
c) Void volume
injection to reach the detector is called _________
d) Adjusted retention volume
a) Dead time
View Answer
b) Solute migration rate
Answer: b
c) Adjusted retention time
Explanation: Retention volume is the volume of
mobile phase required to make a solute band move
from the point of injection through the column to the
detector.
7. Adjusted retention volume is the remaining
retention volume after subtracting ___________ from
_____________
a) Solute migration rate and retention volume
b) Retention volume and solute migration rate
c) Dead volume and retention volume
d) Retention volume and dead volume
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Adjusted retention volume is the
remaining retention volume after subtracting dead
volume from retention volume.
Vadjusted retention = Vretention – Vdead
8. Which of the following is defined as the ratio of
moles of solute in stationary phase to the moles of
solute in the mobile phase?
a) Distribution constant
b) Volumetric phase ratio
c) Retention factor
d) Total porosity
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Retention factor is defined as the ratio of
moles of solute in stationary phase to the moles of
solute in the mobile phase. It is used for determining
the migration rates of solutes in the column.
9. Which of the following is the ratio of the interstitial
volume of packing to the volume of its total mass?
a) Distribution constant
b) Volumetric phase ratio
c) Retention factor
d) Total porosity
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Total porosity is the ratio of the
interstitial volume of packing to the volume of its total
mass. In a capillary column, total porosity is 1.
10. Which of the following is the ratio of the length of
column packing to dead time?
a) Average linear rate of solute migration
b) Average linear rate of mobile migration
c) Relative migration rate
d) Selectivity factor
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Average linear rate of mobile migration
is the ratio of the length of column packing to dead
time. It influences the effectiveness of the column in
separating solutes.
11. Which of the following is the ratio of a length of
column packing to retention time?
a) Average linear rate of solute migration
b) Average linear rate of mobile migration
c) Relative migration rate
d) Selectivity factor
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Average linear rate of solute migration is
the ratio of a length of column packing to retention
time. It influences the effectiveness of the column in
separating solutes.
12. Retention distance is the distance between point
of injection and minimum peak in the recorder or
computer generated chart.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Retention distance is the distance
between point of injection and maximum peak in the
recorder. The chart is drawn between time and
concentration of the solute.
13. Retention volume can be obtained by finding the
product of which of the following parameters?
a) Dead time and total porosity
b) Retention time and volumetric flow rate
c) Adjusted retention time and volumetric flow rate
d) Retention time and total porosity.
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Retention volume can be obtained by
finding the product of retention time and volumetric
flow rate.
Flow rate = Cross section of empty column × Average
linear velocity × Total porosity
14. Retention factor is also known as the capacitance
factor.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a c) Greater than 1
Explanation: Retention factor is also known as the d) Greater than 0
capacitance factor. It can be denoted as k’. View Answer
Answer: c
15. What must be the value of the selectivity factor?
Explanation: Selectivity factor/ Relative retention must
a) Equal to 1
always be greater than 1. It is also known as Relative
b) Less than 1
migration rate.

Analytical Instrumentation chromatography?

a) Dangerous to use
Questions and Answers – Gas b) Expensive
Chromatography c) Reduced sensitivity
d) High density
1. For the separation of which of the following View Answer
substances, Gas-solid chromatography is being used? Answer: b
a) Thermally stable organic components Explanation: Helium is expensive. Its advantages are
b) Volatile organic components that it has low density and it allows greater flow rates.
c) Thermally stable inorganic components
d) Low molecular weight gaseous species 5. Which of the following is the disadvantage of
View Answer nitrogen, which can be used as carrier gas in gas
Answer: d chromatography?
Explanation: Gas-solid chromatography is used for a) Dangerous to use
b) Expensive
the separation of low molecular weight gaseous
c) Reduced sensitivity
species. Its application is limited because of semi-
d) High density
permanent retention of the analyte.
View Answer
2. Which of the following is not a feature of carrier gas Answer: c
used in gas chromatography? Explanation: Nitrogen has reduced sensitivity. It is still
a) It must be chemically inert one of the commonly used carrier gas in gas
b) It should be suitable for the detector employed chromatography.
c) It should not be completely pure
d) It should be cheap 6. Slow injection of large samples leads to band
View Answer broadening and loss of resolution.
Answer: c a) True
b) False
Explanation: It should be highly pure. Further, it
View Answer
should be readily available and non-inflammable.
Answer: a
3. Which of the following is the disadvantage of Explanation: Slow injection of large samples leads to
hydrogen, which can be used as carrier gas in gas band broadening and loss of resolution. Hence, for
chromatography? desired column efficiency, samples should not be too
a) Dangerous to use large.
b) Expensive
c) Reduced sensitivity 7. In which of the following methods are liquid
d) High density samples injected into the column in gas
View Answer chromatography?
Answer: a a) Gas tight syringe
Explanation: Hydrogen is dangerous to use. It has b) Micro-syringe
better thermal conductivity and lower density. c) Rotary sample valve
d) Solid injection syringes
4. Which of the following is the disadvantage of View Answer
helium, which can be used as carrier gas in gas
Answer: b
Explanation: Liquid samples injected into the column
in gas chromatography using micro-syringe. Syringes
of various capacities are available.
8. What must be done to the solid samples for it to be
introduced into the column without using solid
injection syringes in gas chromatography?
a) Introduced in hot-zone of the column
b) Dissolved in volatile liquids
c) Introduced using rotary sample valve
d) Introduced using sampling loops
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Solid samples must be dissolved in
volatile liquids for introducing it into the column. They
can be introduced directly using solid injection
syringes.
9. Which of the following is the commonly used
support material for the packed column in gas
chromatography?
a) Glass
b) Metal
c) Diatomaceous earth
d) Stainless steel
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: Diatomaceous earth is the commonly
used support material for the packed column in gas
chromatography. The columns could be made of glass
or metal.
10. Which of the following is the advantage of a
straight packed column?
a) It can be packed uniformly
b) It can be repacked easily
c) It is compact
d) It is easier to heat it evenly
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The advantage of the straight column is
that it can be repacked easily. It is not compact in size.
11. Which of the following is the disadvantage of
coiled or helical shaped packed chromatographic
column?
a) It cannot be packed uniformly
b) It cannot be repacked easily
c) It is not compact
d) It is not easy to heat it evenly
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: The disadvantage of coiled or helical
shaped packed chromatographic column is that it
cannot be repacked easily. It is compact in size and
can easily be heated in an even manner.
12. Capillary columns are open tubular columns
constructed from which of the following materials?
a) Glass
b) Metal
c) Stainless steel
d) Fused silica
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Capillary columns are constructed using
fused silica. It is a very high purity glass.
13. Sample injection port must be maintained at a
temperature at which rapid vapourisation occurs but
thermal degradation does not occur.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Sample injection port must be
maintained at a temperature at which rapid
vapourisation occurs but thermal degradation does
not occur. The column is maintained at a different
temperature.
14. Which of the following is not a desirable feature of
the ovens used in gas chromatography?
a) It must have a fast rate of heating
b) Power consumption should be kept low
c) It must have maximum thermal gradients
d) It should have proper insulation
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The ovens used in gas chromatography
must have maximum thermal gradients. The
temperature must be uniform over the whole column.
15. Given below is the block diagram of gas
chromatography. Identify the unmarked component.

a) Pumping system
Engineering Chemistry Questions
and Answers – Origin of spectrum
1. The analysis of electromagnetic radiation scattered,
absorbed or emitted by the molecule is called
__________
a) Kaleidoscopy
b) Astronomy
c) Spectroscopy
d) Anatomy
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The analysis of electromagnetic radiation
scattered, absorbed or emitted by the molecule is
called spectroscopy. Astronomy is the study of
celestial objects and processes the physics, chemistry,
and evolution of such objects and processes. A
kaleidoscope is an optical instrument, typically a
cylinder with mirrors containing loose, colored objects
such as beads or pebbles and bits of glass. Anatomy
is the branch of biology concerned with the study of
the structure of organisms and their parts.
2. The energy level with lower energy is called
__________
a) Ground state energy level
b) Initial state energy level
c) Excited state energy level
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The lower energy level is called the
ground state and the higher energy level is called
excited state. The excited state of a system (such as
an atom, molecule or nucleus) is any quantum state
b) Pressure regulator
c) Flow regulator
d) Sample injection system
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The unmarked component is syringe.
Hence, the answer is sample injection system. It is for
the introduction of sample into the flowing gas
stream.
of the system that has higher energy than the ground
state.
3. Absorption spectrum results when an electron in
an atom undergoes a transition from __________
a) Higher energy level to a lower one
b) Lower energy level to a higher one
c) Intermediate levels
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: b
Explanation: Absorption spectrum results when an
electron in an atom undergoes a transition from
lower energy level to a higher one.
4. The energy of a photon is given by __________
a) h/ν
b) ν/h
c) 1/hν
d) hν
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The energy of a photon is given by hν
where ν is the frequency and h is plank constant.
5. Select the incorrect statement from the following
option.
a) Emission spectrum results when an electron in an
atom undergoes a transition from excited state to the
ground state
b) In the emission spectrum, transition takes place
with the emission of a photon of energy hν
c) In the emission spectrum, transition takes place
with the absorption of a photon of energy hν
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: In the emission spectrum, transition
takes place with the emission of a photon of energy
hν. All the other options are correct. Emission
spectrum results when an electron in an atom
undergoes a transition from excited state to the
ground state.
6. The spectra can be broadly classified into two
categories. They are __________
a) Atomic and molecular spectra
b) Atomic and electronic spectra
c) Molecular and electronic spectra
d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: The spectra can be broadly classified into
two categories: atomic and molecular spectra. Atomic
spectra are the spectrum of frequencies of
electromagnetic radiation emitted or absorbed during
transitions of electrons between energy levels within
an atom. Molecular spectra arises from the transition
of an electron between the molecular energy levels.
7. In atomic spectroscopy, only electronic transitions
are involved.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: In atomic spectroscopy, only electronic
transitions are involved. It is the spectrum of
frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted or
absorbed during transitions of electrons between
energy levels within an atom.
8. Select the correct statement from the following
options.
a) Molecular spectra arises from the transition of an
electron between the molecular energy levels
Engineering Chemistry Questions
and Answers – Molecular
Spectroscopy
1. The different types of energies associated with a
molecule are __________
a) Electronic energy
b) Vibrational energy
b) In molecular transitions, electronic, rotational and
vibration transitions occurs
c) Molecular spectra is more complicated than atomic
spectra
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: Molecular spectra arises from the
transition of an electron between the molecular
energy levels. In molecular transitions, electronic,
rotational and vibration transitions occurs and
molecular spectra is more complicated than atomic
spectra.
9. The necessary condition for absorption spectrum is
that __________
a) hν should be greater than the energy difference
b) hν should be smaller than the energy difference
c) hν should be equal to the energy difference
d) none of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: c
Explanation: The necessary condition for absorption
spectrum is that hν should be equal to the energy
difference(ΔE = Ee – Eg).
10. Spectroscopy deals with the transition that a
molecule undergoes on the absorption of suitable
radiations determined by quantum mechanical
selection rules.
a) True
b) False
View Answer
Answer: a
Explanation: Spectroscopy deals with the transition
that a molecule undergoes on the absorption of
suitable radiations determined by quantum
mechanical selection rules. The spectra can be
broadly classified into two categories: atomic and
molecular spectra.
c) Rotational energy
d) All of the mentioned
View Answer
Answer: d
Explanation: The different types of energies
associated with a molecule are electronic energy,
vibrational energy, rotational energy and translational
energy.
2. During the motion, if the centre of gravity of a) Spectroscopic methods require less time and more
molecule changes, the molecule possess __________ amount of sample than classical methods
a) Electronic energy b) Spectroscopic methods require more time and
b) Rotational energy more amount of sample than classical methods
c) Translational energy c) Spectroscopic methods require less time and less
d) Vibrational energy amount of sample than classical methods
View Answer d) Spectroscopic methods require more time and less
Answer: c amount of sample than classical methods
Explanation: During the motion, if the centre of View Answer
gravity of molecule changes, the molecule possess Answer: c
translational energy. Translational refers to the Explanation: Spectroscopic methods require less time
movement in horizontal or vertical direction. and less amount of sample than classical methods (1
mg).
3. The correct order of different types of energies is
__________ 7. The results obtained by spectroscopic methods are
a) Eel >> Evib >> Erot >> E tr less reliable, less reproducible and incorrect than
b) Eel >> Erot >> Evib >> E tr classical methods.
c) Eel >> Evib >> Etr >> E rot a) True
d) Etr >> Evib >> Erot >> E el b) False
View Answer View Answer
Answer: a Answer: b
Explanation: The correct order is: Eel >> Evib >> Erot >> E tr. Explanation: The results obtained by spectroscopic
Electronic enrgy is the highest whereas translational methods are reliable, reproducible and correct than
energy is the lowest. classical methods.

4. The region of electromagnetic spectrum for nuclear 8. The transition zone for Raman spectra is __________
magnetic resonance is __________ a) Between vibrational and rotational levels
a) Microwave b) Between electronic levels
b) Radio frequency c) Between magnetic levels of nuclei
c) Infrared d) Between magnetic levels of unpaired electrons
d) UV-rays View Answer
View Answer Answer: a
Answer: b Explanation: The transition zone for Raman spectra is
Explanation: The region of the electromagnetic between vibrational and rotational levels. Raman
spectrum for nuclear magnetic resonance is radio spectroscopy is a spectroscopic technique used to
frequency. observe vibrational, rotational, and other low-
frequency modes in a system.
5. Which of the following is an application of
molecular spectroscopy? 9. The criteria for electronic spin resonance is
a) Structural investigation ____________
b) Basis of understanding of colors a) Periodic change in polarisability
c) Study of energetically excited reaction products b) Spin quantum number of nuclei > 0
d) All of the mentioned c) Presence of unpaired electron in a molecule
View Answer d) Presence of chromophore in a molecule
Answer: d View Answer
Explanation: The various applications of molecular Answer: c
spectroscopy are- Structural investigation, basis of Explanation: The criterion for electronic spin
understanding of colors and study of energetically resonance is the presence of unpaired electron in a
excited reaction products. molecule. This spectroscopy is a method for studying
materials with unpaired electrons.
6. Select the correct statement from the following
option.
10. Sample recovery is possible after spectroscopic Answer: a
analysis because the sample is not chemically Explanation: Sample recovery is possible after
affected. spectroscopic analysis because the sample is not
a) True chemically affected.
b) False
View Answer

Engineering Chemistry Questions d) 150 nm

View Answer
and Answers – Electronic Answer: d
Spectroscopy Explanation: The position of the band of alkanes is
≈150 nm. Alkanes refer to any of the series of
1. The electronic spectra in the visible range span is saturated hydrocarbons including methane, ethane,
__________
propane, and higher members.
a) 25000-72000 cm-1
b) 25000-50000 cm-1 5. Which of the following organic compound shows
c) 12500-25000 cm-1 transition due to conjugation?
d) 15000-30000 cm-1 a) Alkenes
View Answer b) Saturated aliphatic ketones
Answer: c c) Conjugated dienes
Explanation: The electronic spectra in the visible d) Alkanes
range span 12500-25000 cm-1 and in the UV region View Answer
span 25000-72000 cm-1. Answer: c
Explanation: Conjugated dienes shows the transitions
2. Which of the following transitions are of weak of low energy and is due to conjugation.
intensities and lie in the visible region?
a) n→n* 6. Which of the following is not an auxochrome
b) σ→σ* group?
c) π→π* a) –OH
d) n→σ* b) –SH
View Answer c) –OR
Answer: a d) –O2
Explanation: n→n* transitions are of weak intensities View Answer
and lie in the visible region. Answer: d
Explanation: Auxochrome is the color enhancing
3. Arrange the various electronic transitions in the group. –O2 is not an example of auxochrome. -OH, -SH
order of increasing energy.
and -OR are examples of auxochrome.
a) n→σ* < π→π* < n→π* < σ→σ*
b) n→π* < π→π* < n→σ* < σ→σ* 7. Which of the following shift leads to the decreased
c) n→σ* < n→π* < π→π* < σ→σ* intensity of absorption?
d) σ→σ* < π→π* < n→π* < n→σ* a) Hypochromic
View Answer b) Hyperchromic
Answer: b c) Hypsochromic
Explanation: The correct order is- n→π* < π→π* < d) Bathochromic
n→σ* < σ→σ*. View Answer
Answer: a
4. What is the position of the band of alkanes? Explanation: Hypochromic shift leads to the
a) 190 nm
decreased intensity of absorption. Hypochromicity
b) 185 nm
describes a material’s decreasing ability to absorb
c) 217 nm
light. Hyperchromicity is the material’s increasing
ability to absorb light.
8. Which of the following is an application of Answer: c
electronic spectroscopy? Explanation: Absorbance (A) = log(1/T) = log(100/80) =
a) Detection of impurities 0.097
b) Control of purification
c) Study of kinetics of the chemical reaction 10. Which of the following is a limitation of the
d) All of the mentioned Lambert-Beer’s law?
View Answer a) Scattering of light due to particles
Answer: d b) Fluorescence of sample
c) Non-monochromatic radiation
Explanation: Detection of impurities, control of
d) All of the mentioned
purification, study of the kinetics of the chemical
View Answer
reaction, determination of molecular weight and
Answer: d
determination of unknown concentration are the
Explanation: Scattering of light due to particles,
applications of electronic spectroscopy.
fluorescence of the sample and non-monochromatic
9. What will be the absorbance if %T = 80? radiation are some of the limitations of Lambert-
a) 0.5 Beer’s law. It relates the attenuation of light to the
b) 0.05 properties of the material through which the light is
c) 0.097 traveling.
d) 0.97
View Answer

Engineering Chemistry Questions a) Infrared spectra can identify the unknown

materials
and Answers – Vibrational b) It can determine the amount of components in a
Spectroscopy mixture
c) It can also determine the quality of a sample
1. Vibrational spectroscopy involves the transitions d) All of the mentioned
falling in the spectral range of ____________ View Answer
a) 100-1000 cm-1 Answer: d
b) 300-3000 cm-1 Explanation: Infrared spectra can identify the
c) 400-4000 cm-1 unknown materials. It can determine the amount of
d) 500-5000 cm-1 components in a mixture and can also determine the
View Answer quality of a sample.
Answer: c
Explanation: Vibrational spectroscopy involves the 4. Which of the following molecule have infrared
transitions falling in the spectral range of 400-4000 active vibrations?
cm-1 (infrared region). a) NO
b) CH4
2. Which of the region of IR spectra appears between c) H2
(1400-600) cm-1? d) All of the mentioned
a) Functional group region View Answer
b) Fingerprint region Answer: a
c) Low-frequency region Explanation: NO molecule have infrared active
d) None of the mentioned vibrations. Infrared spectra can identify unknown
View Answer materials. It can determine the amount of
Answer: b components in a mixture and can also determine the
Explanation: Fingerprint region of IR spectra appears quality of a sample.
between (1400-600) cm-1 .

5. Which of the following cannot show a vibrational

3. Select the correct statement from the following absorption spectrum?
option. a) OCS
b) H2O c) Mass spectroscopy
c) CO2 d) X-ray diffraction
d) C H2 = C H2 View Answer
View Answer Answer: b
Answer: d Explanation: Presence of a functional group in a
Explanation: C H2 = C H2 cannot show vibrational compound can be established by using IR
absorption spectrum. OCS, H2O and CO2 can show a spectroscopy. It is the spectroscopy that deals with
vibrational absorption spectrum. the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum,
that is light with a longer wavelength and lower
6. Which of the following is not a type of bending
frequency than visible light.
molecular vibration?
a) Twisting 9. Select the incorrect option from the following
b) Stretching option.
c) Wagging a) IR spectroscopy helps in the determination of
d) Rocking purity
View Answer b) IR spectroscopy helps in the determination of force
Answer: b constant from vibrational spectrum
Explanation: Stretching is not a type of bending c) IR spectroscopy helps in identifying an unknown
molecular vibration. Twisting, wagging and rocking compound
are types of bending molecular vibration. d) None of the mentioned
View Answer
7. What is the absorption frequency(cm-1) of –C=N Answer: d
functional group?
Explanation: All the options are correct. IR
a) 3610-3640
spectroscopy helps in the determination of purity,
b) 1690-1760
force constant from the vibrational spectrum and
c) 1180-1360
d) 2850-2960 identifying an unknown compound.
View Answer 10. IR spectroscopy helps in detecting the presence of
Answer: c hydrogen bonding.
Explanation: The absorption frequency for –C=N a) True
group is 1180-1360 cm-1. Absorption spectroscopy b) False
refers to spectroscopic techniques that measure the View Answer
absorption of radiation, as a function of frequency or Answer: a
wavelength, due to its interaction with a sample. Explanation: IR spectroscopy helps in detecting the
presence of hydrogen bonding. It is the spectroscopy
8. Presence of a functional group in a compound can
that deals with the infrared region of the
be established by using _____________
electromagnetic spectrum, that is light with a longer
a) Chromatography
b) IR spectroscopy wavelength and lower frequency than visible light.

Engineering Chemistry Questions d) -5

View Answer
and Answers – Nuclear Magnetic Answer: a
Resonance Explanation: The nuclei with a spin quantum number
greater than zero can exhibit the NMR phenomenon.
1. The nuclei with a spin quantum number greater Nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, NMR
than _______ can exhibit the NMR phenomenon.
spectroscopy, is a research technique that exploits
a) 0
the magnetic properties of certain atomic nuclei.
b) 5
c) 10 2. The number of different orientations which a
magnetic nucleus can take is ____________
a) 2I b) 1, 3
b) 2I-1 c) 1, 4
c) 2I+1 d) 1, 5
d) 4I View Answer
View Answer Answer: b
Answer: c Explanation: The NMR spectra of the functional
Explanation: The number of different orientations isomers of the molecular formula C2H6O show one
that a magnetic nucleus can take is 2I+1. and three signals respectively.

3. Number of NMR signals obtained in CH3COCH3 will 7. The number of signals in 1-propanol are _________
be ____________ while those in 2-propanol are ______
a) 6 a) 4, 3
b) 3 b) 4, 2
c) 2 c) 2, 4
d) 1 d) 3, 4
View Answer View Answer
Answer: d Answer: a
Explanation: Number of NMR signals obtained in Explanation: The number of signals in 1-propanol are
CH3COCH3 will be 1. Nuclear magnetic resonance 4 while those in 2-propanol are 3.
spectroscopy, is a research technique that exploits
8. For NMR spectrum, carbon tetrachloride and water
the magnetic properties of certain atomic nuclei.
can be successfully used as a solvent.
4. Propene as well as 2-Butene(cis) will show equal a) True
number of signals in their NMR spectra. b) False
a) True View Answer
b) False Answer: a
View Answer Explanation: For the NMR spectrum, carbon tetra-
Answer: b chloride and water can be successfully used as a
Explanation: Propene as well as 2-Butene(cis) will not solvent. NMR is routinely used in advanced medical
show equal number of signals in their NMR spectra. imaging techniques, such as in magnetic resonance
imaging (MRI).
5. Select the incorrect statement from the following
option. 9. In how many ways –CH3 protons can couple with
a) TMS stands for tetra methyl silane the protons on adjacent carbon atom relative to the
b) All the hydrogen in TMS have the same chemical external field.
shift a) 1
c) TMS has a high boiling point, so it is not easily lost b) 2
when holding the NMR sample c) 3
d) TMS is relatively unreactive with most functional d) 4
groups View Answer
View Answer Answer: d
Answer: c Explanation: In four ways –CH3 protons can couple
Explanation: TMS has a low boiling point so it can be with the protons on adjacent carbon atom relative to
easily removed from a recoverable sample of an the external field.
organic compound. All the other options are correct.
TMS is relatively unreactive with most functional 10. Which of the following is inversely proportional to
groups. the chemical shifts positions (δ)?
a) Frequency of unknown group of protons
6. The NMR spectra of the functional isomers of the b) Frequency of TMS
molecular formula C2H6O show _________ and _________ c) Operating frequency of the instrument
signals respectively. d) All of the mentioned
a) 1, 2 View Answer
Answer: c inversely proportional to the chemical shifts positions
Explanation: Operating frequency of the instrument is (δ).