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at the Module level Read the Topic Overview and at the Lesson level
do the math to experience
the content development.
OVERVIEW: TOPIC 2
Proportionality
Where are we? 1 Session < 45 minutes
MODULE 1
Thinking TOPIC 1 TOPIC 2 TOPIC 3
Proportionally Circles and Ratio Proportionality Proportional
Relationships
TOPIC 2
Pacing 11 Sessions 18 Sessions 14 Sessions
Fish-Inches
to solve problems. Students decide whether two 10
quantities are in a proportional relationship. They
sort and explore graphs, equations, and scenarios
for various relationships and then classify their sorts 5
according to linear or nonlinear and proportional or
non-proportional. 0
Students set up and solve proportions given real- x
5 10 15
world contexts. Given a proportional relationship, Gallons
they determine the unknown quantity using inverse
operations. They determine whether proportional The point (1, __2 1 ) on the Fish-Inches per
relationships exist using means and extremes. Gallon graph represents the unit
Students learn about the constant of proportionality rate: 1 __2 1 fish-inches per gallon.
and recognize that its interpretation depends on the y Gallons per Fish-Inch
ratio's order. 15
sessions
Circles and Ratio Proportionality Proportional Relationships
5 Fish-Inches 5 Fish-Inches
LESSON 1 LESSON 2
MyCL
direct variation
Learning Goals Learning Goals
• Compute unit rates associated with ratios of fractions. • Use tables and graphs to explore proportional relationships.
support
• Decide whether two quantities graphed on a coordinate plane are in a
REVIEW (1–2 minutes)
proportional relationship by observing whether they form a straight line through
\ Determine each product or quotient. the origin.
including: 1
1 _÷4
2
1
_
2 3÷_
6
2
1 REVIEW (1–2 minutes)
2 3 3 1
3 _÷_ 4 _ ÷ 1_ the bus travel in 1 hour? rate, how many copies can the
3 8 4 2
7 1 18 × 4 _
_ 72 machine make in 1 minute?
Slides 15 × 4 = 60
1_
9
_
2 210 ÷ 5 _
_ 42
72 miles 5 ÷ 5 = 1
42 copies
Videos
How can you represent ratios of whether a proportional
fractions as unit rates in order You have learned about the relationship between ratios, a
You have learned about ratios, rates, and unit rates. comparison of two quantities, and proportions. relationship exists between
to solve problems? two quantities?
learning
individually Median time for students to complete MATHia for this topic is ,275 minutes.
For students Problem sets for additional practice of the lesson skills.
without access
to MATHia. • Writing and Comparing Complex Rates •
Identifying Proportional Relationships
from Tables and Graphs
5 Fish-Inches 5 Fish-Inches
LESSON 3 LESSON 4
TOPIC 2
8
number of cans of food contributed students. Assume the number of
c to the total number of students in cans of food contributed per
3 _ = 48 student for both years is the same.
12 the school.
c = 576 How many cans of food should the
2 What is the unit rate of cans school expect students to
contributed per student? contribute this year?
2 Sessions 2 Sessions
None None
5 Fish-Inches 5 Fish-Inches
LESSON 5 LESSON 6
MyCL in Graphs
Learning Goals
Representations
Learning Goals
Slides
REVIEW (1–2 minutes) j = 27
\ Solve each equation for the variable.
p 3 0.12k = 10.08 4 8k = 0
1 3 6 _ 1
1 _a = 5 2 _1 = 2 3 3x = _ 4 _
z = 6
2 _ 2
3 2 1
k = 84 k = 0
a = 10 p = _
3 x = _
2
z = 36
Videos
How can you represent the How can you solve problems
You have determined the constant of proportionality in constant of proportionality You have learned how to determine these constant of using this constant in tables,
problem situations and from equations. in graphs? proportionality. graphs, and diagrams?
learning
individually Median time for students to complete MATHia for this topic is ,275 minutes.
Workspaces aligned
at the lesson
level to support
benchmarking
through self-paced
MATHia.
For students Problem sets for additional practice of the lesson skills.
without access
to MATHia. •
Representing Proportional Relationships •
Using the Constant of Proportionality to
with Graphs and Equations Represent a Situation
TOPIC 2
students, and pre-school KEY
children. 50
Adult
Cost ($)
The cost per ticket is highest 40 Student
for the adults, and the line is 30 Pre-School Age
steepest. Likewise, the cost
per ticket is lowest for the 20
pre-schoolers, and the line is 10
the flattest. 0
x
1 2 3 4 5
Tickets
MATH REPRESENTATION
15
____
or 0.15 3 45 5 t
100
6.75 5 t
The characteristics of proportional relationships, their graphs, and their equations provide
the underpinnings of algebra and the study of functions. In grade 8, students use the
connections between proportional relationships, lines, and linear relationships to interpret
the unit rate as the graph's slope. They will use similar triangles to explain why the slope
is the same between any two distinct points on a non-vertical line. Students then derive
the equation y = mx for a line through the origin and the equation y = mx + b for a line
intercepting the vertical axis at b.
TOPIC 2
Solve proportions using formal strategies.
Identify the constant of proportionality (unit rate) from tables, graphs, equations,
and verbal descriptions of proportional relationships.
habits of mind
How do the activities in Proportionality promote student expertise
© Carnegie Learning, Inc.
All Carnegie Learning topics are written with the goal of creating mathematical thinkers who are
active participants in class discourse, so elements of the habits of mind should be evident in all
lessons. Students are expected to make sense of problems and work towards solutions, reason
using concrete and abstract ideas, and communicate their thinking while providing a critical ear
to the thinking of others.
Throughout Proportionality, students notice that the structure and interpretation of ratios do
not change because the types of numbers change. They will model real-life scenarios with
mathematics and use different mathematical tools and representations to analyze those
scenarios. Students should notice similarities in the graphs and equations of proportional
relationships to generalize the characteristics common to all proportional relationships.
b
28 – 4(5) 1 24
10 4 (1 1 4) 1 32
a
5 in.
9.5 in.
b
49 is 70% of what number?
99 is 36% of what number?
6 Ben’s dog, Tripp, is on a leash that is
6 feet long. What is the approximate
5 A
–1
E
1 3 5
b Calculate the circumference of
the circle.
D –1
Downloadable and
diameter pizza for $6?
Log
LoginintotoMyCL fordigital
MyCLfor
Name:
digitalresources.
resources. Watch
Watchaavideo eachWorked
videoofofeach WorkedExample.
Example.
Available online, a Topic Summary reviews Let’s review what you learned about KEY TERMS
Proportionality complex ratio solve a
the main concepts for the topic. You can use unit rates, including those composed
of fractions, to write and solve proportions. You may
proportional
relationship
proportion
isolate the
direct variable
see proportional relationships in the form of a written
variation inverse
scenario, a table of values that show a constant of operations
y means
proportionality (k) as a constant ratio _
x , an equation in constant of
extremes
the form y = kx, or as a graph that forms a straight line proportionality
LESSON 1
Poultry in Motion
Remember • aCTIVITY
A unit rate is2a (continued)
rate in which the numerator or denominator (or both) is 1.
• You can represent a unit rate by the ordered pair (1, r) on a coordinate plane.
• A ratio in which one or both of the compared quantities are fractions is a
complex
To compare ratio.
speeds, let’s determine the unit rate in miles per hour for each bird.
minute.
rates to rewrite the You
ratecan use conversion
in miles per hour. rates to rewrite the rate in
space for students to miles per hour.
600 yd _
_ 60 min _ 1 mi
1 min ∙ 1 hr ∙ 1760 yd
1 mi 20.5 mi
600 ⋅ 60 ⋅ _ _ _
1760 hr ≈ 1 hr
A video of the 6 Why is the fractional representation of each conversion rate important?
Worked Example
Answers will vary. The fractional representation is important because it allows
Review these
MATHia workspaces
• Fractional Rates
for more practice. • Determining
you to see the units. and Comparing Unit Rates
• Solving Proportions Using Equivalent
being solved
Ratios
a quail’s speed:
Middle School Math Solution Course 2 Module 1 Topic 2 Summary 1
The quail’s speed is 8 yd per second, which is 28,800 yd per hour, or
approximately 16.4 mi/h.
The pheasant’s speed is 240 yd per minute, which is 14,400 yd per hour, or
approximately 8.2 mi/h.
MATHia Workspaces are 8 Write the birds in order from the fastest rate to the slowest rate.
Home Connection
Teachers, encourage your families to log into HOME CONNECTION
Read and share with your student.
the Home Connection to access a collection of How to support your student as they learn about
resources that supports their students as they Proportionality
learn about Proportionality.
Mathematics is a connected set of ideas, and your student knows a lot. Encourage them to use the
mathematics they already know when encountering new concepts in this topic.
www.carnegielearning.com/home-connection
MODULE 1
Thinking TOPIC 1 TOPIC 2 TOPIC 3
Proportionally Circle and Ratio Proportionality Proportional
Relationships
In this MATHbook topic, students extend their work with rates to include rates and unit rates
For families with limited online access, with fractional values and learn about the constant of proportionality: the ratio between two
quantities being compared. They graph proportional relationships and determine the constant of
proportionality from the graphs, interpreting this constant in terms of a context. Students practice
print and send home the Home Connection. using the constant of proportionality to solve problems.
Where have we been? Where are we going?
In grade 6, students used ratio and Students will continue to use the constant of
rate reasoning to solve problems. proportionality to solve multistep problems involving
In the previous topic, students percents and scale drawings in the next topic. The
reviewed these skills and learned characteristics of proportional relationships provide
to solve proportions. the underpinnings of algebra and the study of
functions.
MATHia
Encourage your students to work through the sequence of MATHia assigned to them. These workspaces
deepen their understanding and provide practice with the concepts of Proportionality.
www.carnegielearning.com/home-connection
Proportionality
Scope out MATHbook and MATHia sessions for this topic,
keeping in mind your long term plan. Log in to MyCL for:
You can schedule MATHia sessions any time; however, • Editable templates
if you are using Skills Practice as the alternative,
schedule those sessions after a completed lesson.
• Alternative plans
for longer sessions
• Implementations
1 Session < 45 minutes not using MATHia
This activity highlights a key term or concept that is essential to the learning goals of the lesson.