Types of Media

Lesson

2
What Is It

Media is the term we use to

refer to different types of media that
provide us with important information
and knowledge. Media has always
been part of our society, even when
people used paintings and writings
to share information. As time passed,
people came up with different modes
to provide news to the public. Based
on the type of medium, their role
may be different, but they all exist to
communicate to the audience and
affect their perceptions. Today, we
don’t have to travel oceans or wait for
a pigeon to get the latest news.

Print Media
This type of news media used to be the only way of delivering information to the public.
For the generations of the 80s and 90s, print media was the only media of entertain. People relied
on newspapers and magazines to learn everything, from recipes and entertainment news to
important information about the country or the world. Print media includes:

Newspapers. Printed and Magazines. Printed on a Books. Focused on

distributed on a daily or
weekly basis. They include
news related to sports,
politics, technology, science,
local news, national
news, international news,
birth notices, as well as
entertainment news related
to fashion, celebrities, and
movies. Today’s parents
grew up with this type of
printed media.
Brochures. A type of
booklet that includes
everything about one
company – its products,
services, terms and
conditions, contact details,
address, etc. They are
either distributed with the
newspapers, or hand over
to people.
weekly, monthly, quarterly,
or annual basis. It contains
information about finance,
food, lifestyle, fashion,
sports, etc.
Banners. Used to advertise
a company’s services and
products, hung on easily-
noticed sights to attract
people’s attention.
Flyers. Used mostly by
small companies due to
the low cost of advertising.
They contain the basic
information about a
company, their name, logo,
service or product, and
contact information, and
they are distributed in public
areas.
a particular topic or
subject, giving the
reader a chance
to spread their
knowledge about their
favorite topic.
Billboards. Huge
advertisements
created with the help
of computers. Their
goal is to attract
people passing by.
(source: https://
whatagraph.com/blog/
articles/different-types-of-
media)
Broadcast Media
Broadcast media describes the traditional forms of media that include television and
radio. Technically, the term ‘broadcast media’ can include the internet as well and even such
things as Bluetooth marketing and other forms of location-based transmissions.
(Source: https://www.openpr.com/wiki/broadcast-media)
This means to communicate or transmit a signal, a message, or content, such as
audio or video programming, to numerous recipients simultaneously over a communication
network. To make knows over a wide area.
(Source: https://www.thefreedictionary.com/Broadcast+media)

(Source: https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org)

Film / Cinema
The Term ‘Film’ is commonly applied to
movies of an artistic or educational nature and is
not expected to have broad, commercial appeal.
According to Wikipedia, a film is created by
photographing actual scenes with a motion
picture camera; by photographing drawings or
miniature models using traditional animation
techniques; by means of computer animation; or
by a combination of some or all of these
techniques and other visual effects. It is a series
of images, which when displayed on screen,
create an illusion of moving images by the phi
phenomenon.

(Source: https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org)

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 Video Games / Digital Games
Any of various interactive games
played using a specialized electronic gaming
device or a computer or mobile device and a
television or other display screen, along with a
means to control graphic images.

(Source: https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org)

New Media
Defines “new media” as “forms of
communicating in the digital world, which
includes publishing... most significantly, over
the Internet. It implies that the user obtains the
material via desktop and laptop computers,
smartphones and tablets. Every company in
the developed world is involved with new
media.” PC Magazine
(Source: https://ddunleavy.typepad.com/new_
media/2016/03/what-is-new-media.html)
(Source: https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org)

Media Convergence
Media convergence is a term that can
refer to either: 1) the merging of previously
distinct media technologies and media forms
due to digitization and computer networking;
or 2) an economic strategy in which the media
properties owned by communications
companies employ digitization and computer
networking to work together.
(Source: https://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.ca/en/
article/media-convergence).
(Source: Gleonhard, https://search.creativecommons.
org/photos/d509277b-ae9f-4fdf-89ca-24115df912c6)

Mass Media and Media Effects

Mass Media Refers to the various ways, especially television, radio,
newspapers, and magazines, by which information and news
are given to large numbers of people.
(Source:https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english/mass-media)

Media Effects Are the intended or unintended consequences of what the mass
media does?
(Denis McQuail, 2010)

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 Media Effects
Third – party Theory

People think they are more immune to

media influence than others. Behavioral
hypothesis predicts that third-person
perception (i.e., seeing others as more
influenced) will lead to support for
restrictions on media messages.
Source: superk8nyc, https://search.creativecommons.
org/photos/77dd5caf-ab32-4dfa-8aca-71c56715dade
Reciprocal Effect

When a person or event gets media

attention, it influences the way the person
acts or the way the event functions.

Mixer, https://search.creativecommons.org/photos/
c2ca765b-46f5-48bc-8c08-5b4cc2628b6c
Boomerang Effect

Refers to media-induced change that is

counter to the desired change.

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:PSM_V78_
D198_Boomerang_effect_caused_by_extreme_
arcing.png
Cultivation Theory
(George Gerbner)

It state media exposure, specifically to

television, shapes our social reality by
giving us a distorted view on the amount of
violence and risk in the world
rawpixel.com/ https://www.freepik.com/free-
vector/character-illustration-people-with-analog-
tv-icons_3425182.htm#query=Watching%20
Television&position=25
Agenda-setting Theory
(Lippmann/ McCombs and Shaw)

Process whereby the mass media determine

what we think and worry about.

Macrovector/ https://www.freepik.com/
free-vector/media-flat-set_2868633.
htm#page=1&query=Media&position=2
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Propaganda
Ideas or statements that
are often false or exaggerated and
that are spread in order to help a
cause, a political leader, a
government, etc.
(http://www.merriamwebster.com/
dictionary/propaganda)

Source:https://ccsearch.creativecommons.org/photos/a2052497-
0af1-4b77-915b-70f6ffd4d016

Be Aware of Propaganda
• Propaganda manipulates
and diverts you from logical
analysis of issues.
• Propaganda hides the
truth.
• By understanding
propaganda, you will be
able to protect yourself
from deceitful tactics.

How to Spot a Propaganda

Propaganda…
• Distorts and oversimplify
evidence
• Shows internal
inconsistency after
examining facts.

Source: https://www.ifla.org/publications/node/11174

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