THE HISTORY OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
AND ITS HEALTH AND SKILL RELATED
FACTORS
 MODERN PHYSICAL
EDUCATION ACTIVITIES ARE
BASED ON THE NATURAL
PHYSICAL EDUCATION OF
PRIMITIVE TIMES.
 Physical Education existed since the
earliest stages of humanity, in areas
as simple as the transmission of
knowledge skills, such as hunting.
 PHYSICAL EDUCATION (PE),
ALSO CALLED PHYSICAL
TRAINING (PT) OR GYM, IS A
COURSE IN THE CURRICULUM
WHICH UTILIZES LEARNING IN
THE COGNITIVE, AFFECTIVE
AND PSYCHOMOTOR DOMAINS
IN A PLAY OR MOVEMENT
EXPLORATION SETTING.
WHAT IS PHYSICAL EDUCATION?
 Is an integral part of the educational
program designed to promote the optimum
development of the individual physically,
socially, emotionally, and mentally through
total body movement in the performance of
properly selected physical activities.
 Is the interdisciplinary study of all areas of
science relating to the transmission of
physical knowledge and skills to an
individual or a group, the application of
skills and their results.
 A program of activities in a school
curriculum that involves sports, games,
dance, gymnastics, and recreational
activities.
GREEK PHILOSOPHERS’ TEACHERS AND
MEDICAL MEN WHO CONTRIBUTES WORTH
OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Herodotus – recognized the use of physical
education as an aid to medicine as early as the fifth
century.
Galen – stated physical education is a part of
hygiene and subordinate to medicine.
Socrates – gave emphasis on the importance of
physical education attaining health to achieve one’s
purpose in life grave mistakes caused by poor
decisions can be result of poor health.
Plato – considered gymnastics and music as the two
most important subjects in the curriculum.
Xenophon – thought of physical education as
important in terms of the military and essential to
success in life soundness of the mind and body.
OBJECTIVES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
Physical Development- Physical development
includes both growth and the ability to use muscles
and body parts for particular skills
Social Development- Participation in Physical
Education activities provide opportunities for the
acquisition and practice of desirable social traits
necessary for adjustment to happy living and to the
social life in general.
Emotional Development- The informal nature of
physical education offers opportunities for the
development of expression and emotional traits
needed for emotional mastery.
Mental Development- includes such abilities as
attending, perceiving, observing, remembering,
imagining, thinking, solving problems and growth
of intelligence as well as of language.
VALUES OF PHYSICAL EDUCATION
The value of physical education activities is found
in the resulting development and adjustment of the
individual.
HEALTH BENEFITS OF EXERCISE AND
PHYSICAL ACTIVITY
 Reduce the risk of premature death
 Reduce the risk of developing and/or dying
from heart disease.
 Reduce high blood pressure or the risk of
developing
high blood PRESSURE
 Reduce high cholesterol or the risk of
developing
high cholesterol.
 Reduce the risk of developing colon cancer
and breast cancer.
 Reduce the risk of developing diabetes.
 Reduce or maintain body weight or body fat.
 Build and maintain healthy muscle, bones,
and joints.
 Reduce depression and anxiety.
 Improve psychological well-being.
 Enhance work, recreation, and sports
performance.
FOUR TYPES OF DEVELOPMENT
 ORGANIC
 NEUROMUSCLUAR
 INTERPRETIVE
 EMOTIONAL
Physical Education is the process by which changes
in the individual are brought about through
movements’ experiences
Module 2.1: Assessing Body Composition
 Body composition is a term used often by
doctors and health professionals. It refers to
the percentage of fat, bone, and muscle in
your body.
Assessing Body Composition:
Weight- pounds & Height – inches
 
Diet: The practice of eating in a
regulated/supervised way to decrease, maintain or
increase body weight and prevent and treat diseases.
Nutrition analysis
3 Day listing of Nutritive Value.
 Average
Divide Totals by 3 or number of days assessed.
 B. Percentage
Protein and carbohydrates
Multiply average by 4, divide by average calories
and multiply by 100.
 Fat and Saturated Fat
Multiply average by 9, divide by average calories,
and multiply by 100.
C. ESTIMATED ENERGY REQUIREMENT
MEN= 662- (9.53 X AGE) + (15.91 X BODY
WEIGHT) + (539 X HEIGHT)
WOMEN= 534- (6.91X AGE) + (9.36 X BODY
WEIGHT) + (726 X HEIGHT)
CONCLUSION: Healthier body composition is less
fat and more muscle mass. Too much body fat can
lead to risks like cancer, diabetes, heart disease, and
other health problems.
Performing Exercises that Develop the
Component of Fitness:
Regular physical activity can improve your muscle
strength and boost your endurance. Exercise
delivers oxygen and nutrients to your tissues and
helps your cardiovascular system work more
efficiently
Phases of Exercise:
WARM-UP: The initial phase of any exercise
program.
It is light physical activity which prepares the body
physiologically for exercise by increasing body
temperature, stretching ligaments and muscles, and
increasing flexibility.
WORK-OUT EXERCISE: A workout is an episode
in which someone tries to influence fitness by
maintaining or improving Cardiovascular
Endurance, Muscular Strength, Muscular
Endurance, flexibility, body composition or some
combination of these.
COOL DOWN: It helps in returning blood to the
heart for re- oxygenation.
Warm-up Exercises that Utilized Major Muscles in
the Human Body
Measure individual’s health and skill related
components through physical fitness testing scores.
Physical Fitness Testing is a necessary activity
because it will give us information on the status of
over-all physical fitness.
Considered a measure of the body’s ability to
function efficiently and effectively in work and
leisure activities, to be healthy, to resist hypokinetic
diseases, and to meet emergency situation.
Health Related Fitness:
Refers to the ability to perform activities of daily
living without undue fatigue. It focuses on the
organic proficiency.
A. FLEXIBILITY- The ability of the muscles and
joints to move through a full range of motion.
Basic Movement, Flexion, Extension, Abduction,
Adduction
B. CARDIOVASCULAR ENDURANCE- The
capacity of the heart, blood vessels, and lungs to
adapt to physical exertion for a prolonged duration.
category Grams/kg of body
weight
sedentary 0.8 g/kg
Health order adult 1.0-1.2 g/kg
Physically active 1.9-1.2 g/kg
athlete 1.2-2.0 g/kg
Weight gain/loss 1.5-2.0 g/kg
C. MUSCULAR STRENGTH- The ability or
capacity of a muscle or muscle group to exert a one-
time maximal force against resistance through a full
range of motion.
D. MUSCULAR ENDURANCE- The ability of
the muscle or muscle group to perform or sustain
submaximal muscle contraction repeatedly over
a period of time.
E. BODY COMPOSITION- Refers to the make-
up of the body in terms of muscles, bone, fat and
other element.
Skill Related Fitness:
Related primarily to successful sports and motor-
skill performance.
Agility – ability of the individual to quickly shift or
change direction of the body from one point to
another.
Coordination- it is the harmonious working
relationship between skeletal muscles and nerves in
one aspect of movement.
Balance– ability of the individual to maintain some
degree of equilibrium.
power - the ability to perform one explosive muscle
effort in a short period of time.
speed –– ability to perform a task or move from one
point to another in the shortest possible time.
Reaction time – the time required to produce an
appropriate and accurate physiological or
mechanical response to some external stimulus.
Physical Fitness Test:
 Modified Side Leg Extension
 Sit and Reach
 Curl-Up
 Regular Push Ups / Knee Push Ups
 Standing Long Jump
 T-Test
CONCLUSION: “Physical Fitness Test aims to
improve the physical fitness level of the
students.”
Demonstrating Exercises/Workout:
What are Dance Aerobics?
 Aerobic Exercise also known as
Cardiovascular Exercise, Aerobics, or
Cardio is an activity that uses large muscle
groups, can be maintained continuously, and
is rhythmic in nature.”
 It is a dance exercise which is carried out
according to the rhythm of some music.
 Kenneth Cooper is considered as the Father
of Aerobics.
Benefits of Dance Aerobics:
 It helps losing weight and building body
muscles.
 Ensures healthy heart and strengthens your
lungs.
 It enhances blood circulation, relieve stress
and lowers your cholesterol levels.
Types:
Hip-hop Aerobics – usage of high energy dance
while focusing on the entire form of the body.
Hi-Lo Aerobics – it involves a fast-paced routine
that includes rapid movement. It works the abs,
heart, calf, legs, and thighs.
Funk and Jazz Aerobics – it comprises low-impact
workouts.
Step Aerobics - offers a more intense workout.
Low- Impact Aerobics – movements involving large
muscle groups always used in continuous rhythmic
activity in which at least one-foot contacts the floor.
Aerobic Kickboxing – used for toning your body
and tightening your muscles and make you look
younger.
Zumba – it incorporates Latin moves with a global
soundtrack including beats from around the world.
Jazzercise – it burns up to 800 calories in 60
minutes and it also strengthens and tones the
muscles.
Ballroom Dancing – comprises many times of dance
from different parts of the world.
Belly Dancing –it was performed by women for
other women during fertility rites or during
celebrations for women before entering marriage.