SIMPLE PAST

SUBJECT + VERB ( past form ) + COMPLEMENT

They broke their TV.
They loved their father.
We wrote on the board
First Class
SIMPLE FUTURE (WILL)
Quick decision – probable future
SUBJECT + WILL + VERB (base form) + COMP.
He will go to the park.
They will read a book.

If we want to use the negative form

We can use will not / won’t

SUBJECT + WILL NOT / WON‘T + VERB + COMP.

I will not eat pizza.
I won’t eat pizza
QUESTION
WILL + SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT +?
 Will Peru go to Qatar?
o Yes, it will. / No, it will not.
 Will you go to the park?
oYes, I will. / No, I will not / won’t.
 Will Ana and Jose play soccer?
oYes, They will. / No, They will not / won’t.

Will You visit a grandparents?

WILL + SUBJECT + VERB + COMPLEMENT +?

 Will he stay with her in the party?
o Yes, it will. / No, it will not.

Answers:
Yes, I – He – She – It – we – you – they will.
No, I – He – She – It – we – you – they will not / won‘t.
SIMPLE FUTURE (GOING TO)
We are sure that this activity is going to happen.+

SUBJECT + BE + GOING TO + VERB + COMPLEMENT

They aren’t going to do the project.
He isn’t going to work in the company.

He is going to work in the restaurant.

 En este caso el ya tendría un contrato y solo le faltaría ir a laborar.

He will work in the restaurant.

 Él recién está aplicando al trabajo no sabe si trabajará en dicho
restaurante.
 Feedback:
He is going to run at night.
He is going to run in the evening.
He is going to run in the afternoon.
He is going to run in the morning.

They go to the cinema. ( simple present)

Habits, routines, facts.
They are going to the cinema (simple future)
Future ( one time )
ain't  don’t didn’t haven’t
COUNTABLE - NONCOUNTABLE
Many  Countable nouns
Much  Uncountable nouns

If I want to make a question asking for quantity, I

can use one of these:

How much money do you need?

How much time do you have?
How much pollution does the city have?
Wh- + noun + auxiliary + subject + verb+?
How many dogs do you have?
How many friends do you have?
How many rooms do you have?
How much money do you have?

.How many apples are there?

There is an apple.
There are four apples.
There are a lot / many apples.
There are some apples.
There aren’t many apples.
There aren’t any.
How much water is there?
There is a little. /der is a lidl/ poco
There is some. /der is som/ regular
There is a lot. /der is a lot/ bastante
COMPARATIVE
In this structure we are going to compare two
obtjects.
OBJECT 1 + BE + ADJECTIVE (C.F.) + THAN + OBJECT 2
My phone is more expensive than my tablet.
Snake game is worse than sudoku.

SUPERLATIVE
In this structure we are going to make a contrast
between one object and a group.
OBJECT + BE + THE + ADJECTIVE (S.F.) + NOUN
My brother is the most handsome boy of his class.
My bed is the most comfortable place of the world.
The Amazonas is the largest river in the world.
Maria is the most intelligent girl of the university.
Winter is the worst season of the year.
All my friends were affected by the pandemic situation.
I eat a lot of vegetables
Some of the students never study at night
A lot of my brothers live at home
Half of my homework is done
AGREE

I will eat pizza.

So will I. / I will too. / Me too

I was not drinking water.

Neither was I. / I was not either. / Me neither.
STATIVE VERBS
States, Feelings. NO ACTIONS
This structure can not be in present continuous.
Exceptions:

How do you feel?  How are you feeling?

Actions  simple present o present continuous.
Stative Verbs  Presente.
He _______ (read) a book on Mondays.
a. reads
b. is reading
c. both
d. none
Él ____ un libro los Lunes.
Present Continuous  in the moment, temporarily actions
Simple Present  Habits – Routines – Facts.
Jorge ______ (go) to the park on Sundays.
a.Goes.
b.Is going.
Luis _______ (like) to watch TV.
a.Likes.
b.Is liking.
c. Both.
Elmer _______ (write) a poem these days.
a.Writes.
b.Is writing.
c. Both.
d.None.
a.
Present Continuous:
 Actions that are happening right now.
 Actions that are happening in a temporarily way.

Angel _______ ( eat ) pizza.

a.eats.
b.Is eating.
c. A y b.
Jorge (want) _____ to go to the park in the mornings.
a.Wants.
b. Is wanting.
c. A y B.
d.None

d. Eat.
BEFORE
Before I go out, I wash the dishes.

Before Sentence 02, Sentence 01.

Before I go to the cinema, I have to help my mother.
Before she buys clothes, she cleans her room.
Sentence 01 Before Sentence 02

After I lose a game, I cry .

After Sentence 01, Sentence 02.

After I read a book, I play videogames.

Sentence 02 After Sentence 01
When I lose a game, I blame my brother.

When Sentence 01, Sentence 02 .

Sentence 02 When Sentence 01
POSSIBILITY
MAY – MIGHT – COULD  posibility 50/50
CAN NOT / CAN’T  0%
SUBJECT + MODAL + VERB (b.f.) + COMPLEMENT
She could run in the park.
I may buy shoes.
WOULD VS USED TO
Solía
USED TO  ALL (feelings, actions, all verbs)
WOULD  ONLY ACTIONS (verbs that express actions)
SUBJECT + MODAL + VERB (b.f) + COMPLEMENT
 They used to read books.
 I didn’t use to do exercises.
 I didn’t use to sleep early.

I didn’t use to be scared of darkness.

Did you use to read a book?
PAST CONTINUOUS
We have to spicify when the action happened.
Was  I – He – She – It.
Were  You – They – We.
SUBJECT + WAS/WERE + VERB(ing) + COMPLEMENT
He was playing soccer at 07 pm.
She was reading a book yesterday morning.
Was not  wasn’t
Were not  weren’t
SUBJECT + WAS/WERE + NOT + VERB(ing) + COMPLEMENT
PAST CONTINUOUS + WHEN + SIMPLE PAST.
She wasn‘t eating when Jorge arrived.
I wasn‘t teaching English when my neighbor started to
build his house.
I was not working when I remembered that I had
classes.
 INTERROGATIVE FORM
WAS/WERE + SUBJECT + VERB (ing) + C + ?
 Was she eating cake?
 Was she buying a desk?
 Was he doing his homework?
- Yes, he was. / No,
 Were my parents living with their parents when
they got married?
o Yes, they were. / No, they weren’t.
 Were you going the park?
o Yes, I was. / No, I was not.
Answers
Yes, I – he – she – it was.
No, I – he – she – it was not / wasn‘t.
Yes, you – we - they were.
No, you – we - they were not / weren’t.
 MODALS OF NECESSITY

Must  rules or laws. Debemos hacer

Have to – have got to  tiene que
Don’t have to  negative
had to - didn’t have to  past
SUBJECT + MODAL + VERB (base form) + COMPLEMENT
 He must respect the police.
 We have got to study for the exam.
 We have (got) to work.
 We don’t have to watch TV.
 He had to sleep early.
 They didn’t have to step on the grass.
PRESENT PERFECT
Actions that started in the past and continuous until now.
Past
Present

HAS  He – She – It.

HAVE  I – you – we – they.

SUBJECT + HAS / HAVE + VERB (p.p) + COMPLEMENT

Grecia has done the homework.
Past

Present

Mike has not built a big house for his parents.

SUBJECT + HAS / HAVE + NOT + VERB (p.p) + COMPLEMENT
Has not  hasn’t
Have not  haven’t
Juan has not writen a book.

They haven’t used a laptop.

He has not eaten pizza.
He has not read a book.
SUBJECT + HAS / HAVE + VERB (p.p) + C + FOR/SINCE

Past Present

I have lived in Lima since 1998.

I have lived in Lima for nine month .

I have played soccer for three months.

I have played soccer since January.
He has read a book.

Has he read a book?

HAS / HAVE + SUBJECT + VERB (p.p) + COMP +?
Has he read a book?
No, he hasn’t.
Have they driven a car?
o Yes, they have. / No, they have not.
Has she eaten a hamburger?
He has gone to the park.
PRESENT PERFECT
Actions that started in the past and continuous until now.
We use the present perfect when the time is unknown or
unimportant.
Examples:
I have eaten sushi.
I have read mi planta de naranja lima.
VERY / REALLY / PRETTY

Very / really easy Muy fácil

Pretty easy No tan fácil

Actually, (realmente)
Currently,
Arequipa  2021

Simple Past completed actions

I visited Arequipa (last year).

Present Perfect 
 No tiene que estar la fecha ni el cuando.
 Uknown or unimportant. (completed actions).
 Inicia en el pasado y continua hasta ahora.

I (read) _______ a book two years Ago.

 Read
 Have read

They ( play) _____ soccer.

 Played.
 Have played.
  Both.
 None.
Esta oración es una acción completada
He ( eat ) _____ pizza.
 Ate
 Has Eaten
 Eat
 Both

We (write) _____ a book.

 have written.
 Both.
 None.
 Wrote.

We wrote a book yesterday.

INFINITIVE
To + verb(base form)

SUBJECT + VERB(list) + (INFINITIVE) + COMPLEMENT

He loves to read a book.
She loves to buy things.
I wanted to tell you.
I will start to play soccer.
GERUNDS
Verb(-ing)

SUBJECT + VERB(list) + GERUNDS + COMPLEMENT

He has started building a house.
You love working a lot.
I swear to leave junk food. ( yo juro dejar la comida
chatarra)

I prefer to eat salad food.

SUBJECT + MODAL + VERB (base form) + COMP
He must not park in the middle of the street.
You must not travel alone.
They must wear uniforms for schools.
In school students must leave their cellpnones with the secretary or the
major.

Allowed to – Permitted to – Supposed to

SUBJECT + VERB TO BE + (NOT) + MODAL + VERB (b.f) + COMP
I am supposed to pass the exam.
They are not permitted to smoke in the hospital because it is too
dangerous for people.
She is allowed to play the guitar because She did her homework.