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ACTIVITY 1: WHAT IS YOUR THESIS RESEARCH AREA/ TOPIC AND

RATIONALE?

Individual Work: Please answer the following questions as completely as possible.

1.1 There are several areas of research in the field of education which may

provide the platform for your proposed doctoral dissertation. Please check which

area and on the bank provided, specify a topic with which you concerned about, and

you want to address in your proposal for a dissertation.

[✔️] CEA: Compressive strength, flexural strength and infiltration rate of

residential pathways using permeable concrete: coconut husks, eggshells,

and floral foam as additives

1.2 Why are you interested in / concerned about this research topic you chose in

1.1? What educational/social phenomenon, personal experiences and capacities,

and observations led you to choosing this research topic?

The researchers are interested in this topic because it is uncommon in the

Philippines and few individuals conduct research on it. Our concern is about

the permeable concrete's weak composition and slow infiltration rate. Since

permeable concrete has a rough surface that generates friction when you walk

on it, as opposed to regular concrete surfaces, which become slippery when

wet, personal experience persuaded us to choose this issue for research. The

unintended problem of Slip and Fall Slips, which are largely brought on by a

slippery surface, may also be avoided through the help of this study.

1.3 Have you explored related literature about this research area of your interest in

(1)? If YES, what does literature say about your research topic? What research gaps

can you identify? If NO, do you think it is necessary to pursue this topic?

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Yes, most of the relevant literature on this subject claim that this study is very

well-liked in other nations because of its benefits over conventional concrete

and asphalt pavements. The test that was presented only dealt with the drop

test and didn't demonstrate the compressive strength, flexural strength and

infiltration rate of porous concrete. The researchers use coconut husks,

eggshells, and floral foam as additives, it helps the permeable concrete to

have more strength and porous. The research gaps that the researchers will

identify is on how to increase the strengths and its infiltration rate.

ACTIVITY 2: WHAT IS YOUR RESEARCH PROBLEM?

Individual Work: Please answer the following questions as completely as possible.

2.1What is the main purpose of your proposed research/dissertation project?

The purpose of this proposed research project is to find out how concrete

increases its compressive strength, flexural strength, and infiltration rate by

adding coconut husks, eggshells, and floral foam as additives in creating

residential pathways. Additionally, it could protect the environment by

reducing the likelihood of floods and surface absorbs rain or surface water.

This project also helps to use agricultural waste as an alternative construction

material. It will lessen the increasing amount of agricultural waste. It will

lessen low-cost production, less expensive and decrease the economic and

environmental problems.

2.2 In what physical and social context do you intend to achieve the main purpose of

your project?

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In physical context, the researchers’ goal is to make a permeable residential

pathway with better infiltration rate, strong compressive strength and better

flexural strength with coconut husks, eggshells, and floral foam as additives.

This will be accomplished through extensive experiments on test cylinders

created for this purpose. Experiments include specific flexural tests,

permeability tests, and compression tests. Meanwhile in social context, it

would help the environment by minimizing the risk of flooding in a particular

location, avoid unintended problem of slip and fall slips, which are largely

brought on by a slippery surface and by reducing heat emitted from permeable

residential pathways.

2.3 Now pose at least three questions which you need to answer in order to achieve

the main purpose of your dissertation project (2.1) within your identified context (2.2)

and with reference to the factors you identified previously.

1. What environmental benefits might be expected from coconut husks,

eggshells, and floral foam as additives in making permeable residential paths?

2. How can the compressive strength of concrete be improved by using

coconut husks, eggshells, and flower foam as additives?

3. How can the flexural strength of concrete be improved by using

coconut husks, eggshells, and flower foam as additives?

4. How can concrete be made more porous by adding eggshells,

coconut husks, and floral foam?

ACTIVITY 3: WHAT IS YOUR REASEARCH PARADIGM?

WHAT ARE YOUR RESEARCH TOOLS?

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3.1 From what perspective will you answer your research questions in Activity 2 and

thereby attain the purpose of your study? To clarify this, please put a check mark

on the box corresponding to the statements that apply to you.

[✔️] I will employ scientific methods to investigate and analyze the phenomenon

under study.

[✔️] I will explore patterns and regularities, causes and consequences in terms of

quantitative measures.

[ ] I will focus on explanation and prediction.

[ ] I will establish relationships between social phenomena by using theory to

generate hypotheses.

[✔️] I will employ direct observation to test my hypothesis since reality can be

“captured” by our senses.

[✔️] I will focus on understanding the phenomenon under study rather than causal

explanation.

[✔️] The world is socially constructed and the interaction of individuals within the

physical and social context will affect the answer to my research questions.

[✔️] It is impossible for me to give an objective and value-free interpretation of the

phenomenon under study.

[ ] I cannot detach myself from the phenomenon I am investigating since I am a part

of the social reality being researched.

[ ] I will stress the meanings given to the world in which those studied live.

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Based on the statements you checked, can you now identify your research

perspective or paradigm? Please describe it below.

The researchers want to know on how to increase its compressive strength,

flexural strength, and infiltration rate by adding coconut husks, eggshells, and

floral foam as additives in creating residential pathways. Given that the

researchers have already know through the related literature, that this topic

about the permeable concrete has a less compressive strength than normal

concrete, this implies that the lower compressive strength is due to a weaker

bond between the particles, the normal range of compressive strength for

pervious concrete is between 2500 psi and 6000 psi. The maximum bending

stress that may be applied to the residential pathways from live loads and

other loads depends on the flexural strength of porous concrete. The normal

range of flexural strength for pervious concrete is between 150 and 600 psi. A

key characteristic of pervious concrete is its infiltration rate, which measures

how quickly water permeates the pavement and is strongly influenced by its

void content. Between 15% and 25% of typical pervious concrete contains

voids. Infiltration rates of between 10 and 20 x 10 3 mm/hr would be possible as

a result.

3.2 What research tools do you need to consider in order to facilitate the investigation

and identification of answers to your research questions? Please identify and

describe them on the second column in the table below.

Research Tools Your identification/description

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Concepts and Constructs Pervious concrete is a structural concrete

pavement containing a considerable number of

interconnected voids (15 to 35 percent). It is

formed from a combination of cement, coarse

aggregates, and water, much like traditional

concrete. However, it has little or no sand,

resulting in a porous open-cell structure that

allows water to easily travel through.

Model(s)

This research topic eliminates the impact of

disposal of eggshells in landfill on the

environment. Eggshell powder is rich in calcium

oxide content and ignites the researcher to

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substitute for cement in concrete production.

The addition of coconut husks in permeable

concrete improves various engineering properties

of concrete. Coconut fiber is treated as natural

fiber before using in concrete. Addition of coconut

fiber improves the compressive strength, flexural

strength, and permeability of concrete.

Floral foam can produce alternative sand for

structural concrete as a partial or total

replacement. It has contributed a lot to our

country's economy in the florist industry. If it is

not treated properly, it may become toxic waste in

landfills. However, floral foam is high in porosity

and low in density. The researchers will utilize

floral foam as a sand replacement for designing

the permeable residential pathway.