Univ of Michigan - Gross Anatomy - Muscles Tables

10/19/22, 5:55 PM Univ of Michigan - Gross Anatomy - Muscles Tables
Medical Gross Anatomy

Anatomy Tables - Muscles
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Muscles of the Back Region - Listed Alphabetically
Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery Notes Image

erector spinae iliac crest, angles of the ribs, extends and segmentally supplied the erector spinae m. is separated
sacrum, transverse and laterally bends innervated segmentally by: into 3 columns of muscle:
transverse and spinous processes the trunk, neck by dorsal deep cervical a., iliocostalis laterally, longissimus in
spinous of vertebrae, and head primary rami posterior an intermediate position and
processes of posterior aspect of of spinal intercostal aa., spinalis medially; each of these
vertebrae and the skull nerves C1- subcostal aa., columns has multiple named parts
supraspinal S5 lumbar aa.
ligament
iliocostalis iliac crest and angles of the ribs extends and dorsal supplied the most lateral part of the erector
sacrum laterally bends primary rami segmentally by: spinae; it may be subdivided into
the trunk and of spinal deep cervical a., lumborum, thoracis and cervicis
neck nerves C4- posterior portions
S5 intercostal aa.,
subcostal aa.,
lumbar aa.
interspinales upper border of lower border of extend trunk dorsal supplied these are small and fairly
spinous process spinous process and neck primary rami segmentally by: insignificant muscles
above of spinal deep cervical a.,
nerves C1- posterior
L5 intercostal aa.,
subcostal aa.,
lumbar aa.
intertransversarii upper border of lower border of laterally bend dorsal supplied these are small and fairly
transverse transverse process trunk and neck primary rami segmentally by: insignificant muscles
process above of spinal deep cervical a.,
nerves C1- posterior
L5 intercostal aa.,
subcostal aa.,
lumbar aa.
longissimus transverse transverse process extends and dorsal supplied the intermediate part of the erector
process at at superior laterally bends primary rami segmentally by: spinae;it may be subdivided into
inferior vertebral levels the trunk, neck of spinal deep cervical a., thoracis, cervicis and capitis
vertebral levels and mastoid and head nerves C1- posterior portions
process S1 intercostal aa.,
subcostal aa.,
lumbar aa.
multifidus sacrum, spinous processes extend and dorsal supplied semispinalis, multifidus and
transverse 2-4 vertebral laterally bend primary rami segmentally by: rotatores make up the
processes of C3- levels superior to trunk and of spinal deep cervical a., transversospinal muscle group
L5 their origin neck, rotate to nerves C1- posterior
opposite side L5 intercostal aa.,
subcostal aa.,
lumbar aa.
obliquus capitis spinous process transverse process rotates the suboccipital occipital a. greater occipital nerve (DPR of C2)
inferior of the axis of atlas head to the nerve (DPR passes superiorly around the
same side of C1) inferior margin of inferior oblique
obliquus capitis transverse occipital bone extends the suboccipital occipital a. the suboccipital triangle is formed
superior process of atlas above inferior head, rotates nerve (DPR by obliquus capitis superior and
nuchal line the head to the of C1) inferior and rectus capitis posterior
same side major
rectus capitis spinous process inferior nuchal line extends the suboccipital occipital a. none
posterior major of axis head, rotate to nerve (DPR
same side of C1)
https://www.med.umich.edu/lrc/anatomy-tables/muscles_alpha.html 1/30
rectus capitis posterior inferior nuchal line extends the suboccipital occipital a. rectus capitis posterior minor is
posterior minor tubercle of atlas medially head nerve (DPR deeper and inserts more medial
of C1) than rectus capitis posterior major
rotatores transverse long rotatores: rotates the dorsal supplied semispinalis, multifidus and
processes spines 2 vertebrae vertebral primary rami segmentally by: rotatores make up the
above origin; short column to the of spinal deep cervical a., transversospinal muscle group
rotatores: spines 1 opposite side nerves C1- posterior
vertebrae above L5 intercostal aa.,
origin subcostal aa.,
lumbar aa.
semispinalis transverse capitis: back of extends the dorsal supplied three parts are named based on their
processes of C7- skull between trunk and primary rami segmentally by: insertions: capitis, cervicis and
T12 nuchal lines; laterally bends of spinal deep cervical a., thoracis; semispinalis, multifidus
cervicis & the trunk, nerves C1- posterior and rotatores make up the
thoracis: spines 4- rotates the T12 intercostal aa., transversospinal muscle group
6 vertebrae above trunk to the subcostal aa.,
origin opposite side lumbar aa.
spinalis spinous spinous processes extends and dorsal supplied most medial part of the erector
processes at at superior laterally bends primary rami segmentally by: spinae; may be subdivided into
inferior vertebral levels trunk and neck of spinal deep cervical a., thoracis, cervicis and capitis
vertebral levels and base of the nerves C2- posterior portions
skull L3 intercostal aa.,
subcostal aa.,
lumbar aa.
splenius ligamentum capitis: mastoid extends and dorsal supplied splenius means bandage; it gets its
nuchae and process & superior laterally bends primary rami segmentally by: name from its broad, flat shape
spines C7-T6 nuchal line neck and head; of spinal deep cervical a.,
laterally; cervicis: rotates head to nerves C2- posterior
posterior tubercles same side C6 intercostal aa.
of C1-C3
vertebrae
splenius capitis ligamentum mastoid process extends and dorsal supplied named for its shape: splenius means
nuchae and and lateral end of laterally bends primary rami segmentally by: bandage and capitis refers to the
spines of C7-T6 the superior nuchal the neck and of spinal deep cervical a., insertion of this portion of the
vertebrae line head, rotates nerves C2- posterior muscle
head to the C6 intercostal aa.
same side
splenius cervicis ligamentum posterior tubercles extends and dorsal supplied named for its shape: splenius means
nuchae and of the transverse laterally bends primary rami segmentally by: bandage and cervicis refers to the
spines of C7-T6 processes of C1- neck and head, of spinal deep cervical a., insertion of this portion of the
vertebrae C3 vertebrae rotates head to nerves C2- posterior muscle
the same side C6 intercostal aa.
Muscles of the Upper Limb - Listed Alphabetically

abductor digiti pisiform base of the abducts the 5th digit deep branch of the ulnar a. abductor digiti
minimi (hand) proximal phalanx ulnar nerve minimi, flexor
of the 5th digit on digiti minimi
its ulnar side brevis, and
opponens digiti
minimi are
located in the
hypothenar
compartment of
the hand
abductor flexor retinaculum, base of the abducts thumb recurrent branch superficial abductor pollicis
pollicis brevis scaphoid, trapezium proximal phalanx of median nerve palmar br. of brevis, flexor
of the first digit the radial a. pollicis brevis,
and opponens
pollicis are
located in the
thenar
compartment of
the hand (Latin,
pollicis = the
thumb)
abductor middle one-third of radial side of the abducts the thumb at radial nerve, deep posterior the tendons of
pollicis longus the posterior surface base of the first carpometacarpal joint branch interosseous a. abductor pollicis
of the radius, metacarpal longus and
interosseous extensor pollicis
membrane, mid- brevis make the
portion of lateral border of
posterolateral ulna the anatomical
snuffbox (Latin,
pollicis = the
thumb)
adductor oblique head: base of the adducts the thumb ulnar nerve, deep deep palmar deep palmar arch
pollicis capitate and base of proximal phalanx branch arterial arch and deep ulnar
the 2nd and 3rd of the thumb nerve pass
metacarpals; between the two
transverse head: heads of adductor
shaft of the 3rd pollicis, which is
metacarpal in the adductor-
interosseous
compartment
(Latin, pollicis =
the thumb)
anconeus lateral epicondyle of lateral side of the extends the forearm nerve to interosseous (Greek, anconeus
the humerus olecranon and the anconeus, from recurrent a. = elbow)
upper one-fourth the radial nerve
of the ulna
biceps brachii short head: tip of tuberosity of the flexes the forearm, flexes musculocutaneous brachial a. a powerful
the coracoid process radius arm (long head), nerve (C5,6) supinator only if
of the scapula; long supinates the elbow is
head: supraglenoid flexed
tubercle of the
scapula
brachialis anterior surface of coronoid process flexes the forearm musculocutaneous brachial a., a powerful flexor
the lower one-half of the ulna nerve (C5,6) radial recurrent
of the humerus and a.
the associated
intermuscular septa
brachioradialis upper two-thirds of lateral side of the flexes the elbow, assists radial nerve radial recurrent although
the lateral base of the styloid in pronation & supination a. brachioradialis is
supracondylar ridge process of the innervated by the
of the humerus radius nerve for
extensors (radial),
its primary action
is elbow flexion;
the neutral
position of this
muscle is half
way between
supination and
pronation (elbow
flexed, thumb up)
coracobrachialis coracoid process of medial side of the flexes and adducts the musculocutaneous brachial a. the
the scapula humerus at mid- arm nerve (C5,6) musculocutaneous
shaft nerve passes
through the
coracobrachialis
muscle to reach
the other arm
flexor mm.(biceps
brachii and
brachialis)
deltoid lateral one-third of deltoid tuberosity abducts arm; anterior axillary nerve posterior the deltoid muscle
the clavicle, of the humerus fibers flex & medially (C5,6) from the circumflex is the principle
acromion, the lower rotate the arm; posterior posterior cord of humeral a. abductor of the
lip of the crest of fibers extend & laterally the brachial arm but due to
the spine of the rotate the arm plexus poor mechanical
scapula advantage it
cannot initiate this
action; it is
assisted by the
supraspinatus m.
dorsal four muscles, each base of the flex the ulnar nerve, deep dorsal and bipennate
interosseous arising from two proximal phalanx metacarpophalangeal branch palmar muscles;
(hand) adjacent metacarpal and the extensor joint, extend the proximal metacarpal aa. remember DAB
shafts expansion on and distal interphalangeal & PAD - Dorsal
lateral side of the joints of digits 2-4, interosseous mm.
2nd digit, lateral abduct digits 2-4 ABduct and
& medial sides of (abduction of digits in the Palmar
the 3rd digit, and hand is defined as interosseous mm.
medial side of the movement away from the ADduct - then
4th digit midline of the 3rd digit) you can figure out
where they must
insert to cause
these actions
(Latin, inter =
between + os =
bone)
extensor carpi common extensor dorsum of the extends the wrist; abducts deep radial nerve radial a. works with the
radialis brevis tendon (lateral third metacarpal the hand extensor carpi
epicondyle of bone (base) radialis longus
humerus) and flexor carpi
radialis in
abduction of the
hand (Greek,
carpi= the wrist)
extensor carpi lower one-third of dorsum of the extends the wrist; abducts radial nerve radial a. works with the
radialis longus the lateral second the hand extensor carpi
supracondylar ridge metacarpal bone radialis brevis and
of the humerus (base) flexor carpi
radialis in
abduction of the
hand (Greek,
carpi= the wrist)
extensor carpi common extensor medial side of the extends the wrist; adducts deep radial nerve ulnar a. works with the
ulnaris tendon & the middle base of the 5th the hand flexor carpi
one-half of the metacarpal ulnaris in
posterior border of adduction of the
the ulna hand (Greek,
carpi= the wrist)
extensor digiti common extensor joins the extensor extends the deep radial nerve interosseous extensor digiti
minimi tendon (lateral digitorum tendon metacarpophalangeal, recurrent a. minimi appears to
epicondyle of the to the 5th digit proximal interphalangeal be the ulnar-most
humerus) and inserts into and distal interphalangeal portion of
the extensor joints of the 5th digit extensor
expansion digitorum
extensor common extensor extensor extends the deep radial nerve interosseous the extensor
digitorum tendon (lateral expansion of metacarpophalangeal, recurrent a. and expansion inserts
epicondyle of the digits 2-5 proximal interphalangeal posterior via a central band
humerus) and distal interphalangeal interosseous a. on the base of the
joints of the 2nd-5th middle phalanx,
digits; extends wrist while lateral &
medial slips insert
on the distal
phalanx
extensor indicis interosseous its tendon joins extends the index finger deep radial nerve posterior extensor indicis is
membrane and the the tendon of the at the interosseous a a deep forearm
posterolateral extensor metacarpophalangeal, extensor, whereas
surface of the distal digitorum to the proximal interphalangeal extensor digiti
ulna second digit; both and distal interphalangeal minimi is in the
tendons insert joints superficial layer
into the extensor of extensors
expansion
extensor interosseous base of the extends the thumb at the deep radial nerve posterior the tendons of
pollicis brevis membrane and the proximal phalanx metacarpophalangeal interosseous a extensor pollicis
posterior surface of of the thumb joint brevis and
the distal radius abductor pollicis
longus make the
lateral border of
the anatomical
snuffbox, in
which the radial
arterial pulse can
be felt (Latin,
pollicis = the
thumb)
extensor interosseous base of the distal extends the thumb at the deep radial nerve posterior the tendon of
pollicis longus membrane and phalanx of the interphalangeal joint interosseous a extensor pollicis
middle part of the thumb longus hooks
posterolateral around the dorsal
surface of the ulna radial tubercle; it
forms the medial
border of the
anatomical
snuffbox, in
which the radial
arterial pulse can
be felt (Latin,
pollicis = the
thumb)
flexor carpi common flexor base of the second flexes the wrist, abducts median nerve ulnar a. works with the
radialis tendon from the and third the hand extensor carpi
medial epicondyle metacarpals radialis longus
of the humerus and brevis mm. to
abduct hand
(Greek, carpi =
the wrist)
flexor carpi common flexor pisiform, hook of flexes wrist, adducts hand ulnar nerve ulnar a. the ulnar nerve
ulnaris tendon & (ulnar hamate, and base passes between
head) from medial of 5th metacarpal the two heads of
border of olecranon origin of the
& upper 2/3 of the flexor carpi
posterior border of ulnaris m. (Greek,
the ulna carpi = the wrist)
flexor digiti hook of hamate & proximal phalanx flexes the ulnar nerve, deep ulnar a. flexor digiti
minimi brevis the flexor of the 5th digit carpometacarpal and branch minimi brevis,
(hand) retinaculum metacarpophalangeal abductor digiti
joints of the 5th digit minimi, and
opponens digiti
minimi are in the
hypothenar
compartment of
the hand
flexor posterior border of base of the distal flexes the median nerve ulnar a., ulnar nerve
digitorum the ulna, proximal phalanx of digits metacarpophalangeal, (radial one-half); anterior innervates the
profundus two-thirds of medial 2-5 proximal interphalangeal ulnar nerve (ulnar interosseous a. portion of
border of ulna, and distal interphalangeal one-half) profundus that
interosseous joints acts on digits 4 &
membrane 5 (the ulnar 2
digits)
flexor humeroulnar head: shafts of the flexes the median nerve ulnar a. median nerve
digitorum common flexor middle phalanges metacarpophalangeal and travels distally in
superficialis tendon; radial head: of digits 2-5 proximal interphalangeal the forearm on the
middle 1/3 of radius joints deep surface of
the flexor
digitorum
superficialis m.
flexor pollicis flexor retinaculum, proximal phalanx flexes the recurrent branch superficial flexor pollicis
brevis trapezium of the 1st digit carpometacarpal and of the median palmar br. of brevis, abductor
metacarpophalangeal nerve the radial a. pollicis brevis,
joints of the thumb and opponens
pollicis are the
three muscles of
the thenar
compartment of
the hand (Latin,
pollicis = the
thumb)
flexor pollicis anterior surface of base of the distal flexes the median nerve anterior the tendon of
longus radius and phalanx of the metacarpophalangeal and interosseous a. flexor pollicis
interosseous thumb interphalangeal joints of longus passes
membrane the thumb through the carpal
tunnel with the
other long digital
flexor tendons
and the median
nerve (Latin,
pollicis = the
thumb)
infraspinatus infraspinatous fossa greater tubercle of laterally rotates the arm suprascapular suprascapular a. infraspinatus,
the humerus nerve supraspinatus,
(middle facet) teres minor and
subscapularis are
the rotator cuff
muscles
interosseous, four muscles, each base of the flex the ulnar nerve, deep dorsal and bipennate
dorsal (hand) arising from two proximal phalanx metacarpophalangeal branch palmar muscles;
adjacent metacarpal and the extensor joint, extend the proximal metacarpal aa. remember DAB
shafts expansion on and distal interphalangeal & PAD - Dorsal
lateral side of the joints of digits 2-4, interosseous mm.
2nd digit, lateral abduct digits 2-4 ABduct and
& medial sides of (abduction of digits in the Palmar
the 3rd digit, and hand is defined as interosseous mm.
medial side of the movement away from the ADduct - then
4th digit midline of the 3rd digit) you can figure out
where they must
insert to cause
these actions
(Latin, inter =
between + os =
bone)
interosseous, four muscles, base of the flexes the ulnar nerve, deep palmar unipennate
palmar arising from the proximal phalanx metacarpophalangeal, branch metacarpal aa. muscles;
palmar surface of and extensor extends proximal and remember PAD &
the shafts of expansion of the distal interphalangeal DAB: Palmar
metacarpals 1, 2, 4, medial side of joints and adducts digits interossei ADduct
& 5 (the 1st palmar digits 1 & 2, and 1, 2, 4, & 5 (adduction of and Dorsal
interosseous is often lateral side of the digits of the hand is in interossei
fused with the digits 4 & 5 reference to the midline ABduct, and you
adductor pollicis of the 3rd digit) will be able to
m.) figure out where
they must insert
(Latin, inter =
between + os =
bone)
latissimus dorsi vertebral spines floor of the extends the arm and thoracodorsal thoracodorsal a. the inserting
from T7 to the intertubercular rotates the arm medially nerve (C7,8) from tendon twists so
sacrum, posterior groove the posterior cord that fibers
third of the iliac of the brachial originating
crest, lower 3 or 4 plexus highest insert
ribs, sometimes lowest (Latin,
from the inferior latissimus =
angle of the scapula broadest)
levator scapulae transverse processes medial border of elevates the scapula dorsal scapular dorsal scapular levator scapulae is
of C1-C4 vertebrae the scapula from nerve (C5); the a. named for its
the superior angle upper part of the action (Latin,
to the spine muscle receives levator = to lift)
branches of C3 &
C4
lumbrical flexor digitorum extensor flex the median nerve superficial lumbricals, arise
(hand) profundus tendons expansion on the metacarpophalangeal (radial 2) via palmar arterial from the
of digits 2-5 radial side of the joints, extend the palmar digital arch profundus tendons
proximal phalanx proximal and distal nerves & ulnar and have the same
of digits 2-5 interphalangeal joints of nerve (ulnar 2) via pattern of
digits 2-5 deep branch innervation as
does the
profundus muscle
(ulnar and median
nn. split the task
equally) (Latin,
lumbricus =
earthworm)
opponens digiti hook of hamate and shaft of 5th opposes the 5th digit ulnar nerve, deep ulnar a. opposition is a
minimi flexor retinaculum metacarpal branch rotational
movement of the
5th metacarpal
around the long
axis of its shaft;
opponens digiti
minimi, abductor
digiti minimi, and
flexor digiti
minimi brevis are
in the hypothenar
compartment of
the hand
opponens flexor retinaculum, shaft of 1st opposes the thumb recurrent branch superficial opposition is a
pollicis trapezium metacarpal of median nerve palmar branch rotational
of the radial a. movement of the
1st metacarpal
around the long
axis of its shaft;
opponens pollicis,
abductor pollicis
brevis, and flexor
pollicis brevis are
in the thenar
compartment of
the hand (Latin,
pollicis = the
thumb)
palmar four muscles, base of the flexes the ulnar nerve, deep palmar unipennate
interosseous arising from the proximal phalanx metacarpophalangeal, branch metacarpal aa. muscles;
palmar surface of and extensor extends proximal and remember PAD &
the shafts of expansion of the distal interphalangeal DAB: Palmar
metacarpals 1, 2, 4, medial side of joints and adducts digits interossei ADduct
& 5 (the 1st palmar digits 1 & 2, and 1, 2, 4, & 5 (adduction of and Dorsal
interosseous is often lateral side of the digits of the hand is in interossei
fused with the digits 4 & 5 reference to the midline ABduct, and you
adductor pollicis of the 3rd digit) will be able to
m.) figure out where
they must insert
(Latin, inter =
between + os =
bone)
palmaris brevis fascia overlying the skin of the palm draws the skin of the superficial br. of ulnar a. palmaris brevis
hypothenar near the ulnar ulnar side of the hand the ulnar n. improves the
eminence border of the hand toward the center of the grasp
palm
palmaris longus common flexor palmar flexes the wrist median nerve ulnar a. palmaris longus is
tendon, from the aponeurosis absent in about
medial epicondyle 13% of forearms;
of the humerus it may be present
on one side only
pectoralis major medial 1/2 of the crest of the flexes and adducts the medial and lateral pectoral branch the deep fascia on
clavicle, manubrium greater tubercle of arm, medially rotates the pectoral nerves of the its anterior
& body of sternum, the humerus arm (C5-T1) thoracoacromial surface should not
costal cartilages of trunk be fused to the
ribs 2-6, sometimes fascia of the
from the rectus mammary gland -
sheath of the upper if it is, this is an
abdominal wall important clinical
sign indicating
breast disease
pectoralis minor ribs 3-5 coracoid process draws the scapula medial pectoral pectoral branch branches of
of the scapula forward, medialward, and nerve (C8, T1) of the medial pectoral
downward thoracoacromial nerve usually
trunk pierce pectoralis
minor to reach the
pectoralis major
muscle
pronator medial side of the anterior surface of pronates the forearm median nerve via anterior pronator
quadratus anterior surface of the distal one- the anterior interosseous a. quadratus is the
the distal one-fourth fourth of the interosseous nerve deepest muscle in
of the ulna radius the distal forearm;
it works with
pronator teres and
has the same
nerve supply
pronator teres common flexor midpoint of the pronates the forearm median nerve ulnar a., median nerve
tendon and (deep or lateral side of the anterior ulnar passes between
ulnar head) from shaft of the radius recurrent a. the two heads of
medial side of origin of pronator
coronoid process of teres
the ulna
rhomboideus spines of vertebrae medial border of retracts, elevates and dorsal scapular dorsal scapular named for its
major T2-T5 the scapula rotates the scapula nerve (C5) a. shape
inferior to the inferiorly
spine of the
scapula
rhomboideus inferior end of the medial border of retracts, elevates and dorsal scapular dorsal scapular named for its
minor ligamentum nuchae, the scapula at the rotates the scapula nerve (C5) a shape
spines of vertebrae root of the spine inferiorly
C7 and T1 of the scapula
serratus anterior ribs 1-8 or 9 medial border of it draws the scapula long thoracic lateral thoracic a lesion of long
the scapula on its forward; the inferior nerve (from a. thoracic nerve
costal (deep) fibers rotate the scapula ventral rami C5- will cause
surface superiorly C7) winging of the
scapula (i.e., the
medial border of
the scapula falls
away from the
posterior chest
wall and looks
like an angel's
wing) (Latin,
serratus = to saw)
serratus thoracolumbar ribs 9-12, lateral pulls down lower ribs branches of the lowest posterior a respiratory
posterior fascia, spines of to the angles ventral primary intercostal a., muscle, it receives
inferior vertebrae T11-T12 rami of spinal subcostal a., ventral ramus
and L1-L2 nerves T9-T12 first two lumbar innervation;
aa. embryonically
related to the
intercostal
muscles, not the
deep back mm.
(Latin, serratus =
to saw)
serratus ligamentum nuchae, ribs 1-4, lateral to elevates the upper ribs branches of the posterior a respiratory
posterior spines of vertebrae the angles ventral primary intercostal aa. muscle, it receives
superior C7 and T1-T3 rami of spinal 1-4 ventral ramus
nerves T1-T4 innervation;
embryonically
related to the
intercostal
muscles, not the
deep back mm.
(Latin, serratus =
to saw)
subclavius first rib and its inferior surface of draws the clavicle (and nerve to clavicular br. of it serves an
cartilage the clavicle hence the shoulder) down subclavius (C5) the important
and forward thoracoacromial protective
trunk function - it
cushions the
subclavian vessels
from bone
fragments in
clavicular
fractures
subscapularis medial two-thirds of lesser tubercle of medially rotates the arm; upper and lower subscapular a. subscapularis,
the costal surface of the humerus assists extention of the subscapular supraspinatus,
the scapula arm nerves (C5,6) infraspinatus, and
(subscapular fossa) teres minor are
the rotator cuff
muscles
supinator lateral epicondyle of lateral side of supinates the forearm deep radial nerve recurrent deep radial nerve
the humerus, proximal one- interosseous a. passes through the
supinator crest & third of the radius supinator to reach
fossa of the ulna, the posterior
radial collateral compartment of
ligament, annular the forearm
ligament
supraspinatus supraspinatous fossa greater tubercle of abducts the arm (initiates suprascapular suprascapular a. supraspinatus
the humerus abduction) nerve (C5,6) from initiates abduction
(highest facet) the superior trunk of the arm, then
of the brachial the deltoid muscle
plexus completes the
action; a member
of the rotator cuff
group
teres major dorsal surface of the crest of the lesser adducts the arm, medially lower subscapular circumflex teres major inserts
inferior angle of the tubercle of the rotates the arm, assists in nerve (C5,6) from scapular a. beside the tendon
scapula humerus arm extension the posterior cord of latissimus
of the brachial dorsi, and assists
plexus latissimus in its
actions
teres minor upper 2/3 of the greater tubercle of laterally rotates the arm axillary nerve circumflex fixes the head of
lateral border of the the humerus (C5,6) from the scapular a. the humerus in the
scapula (lowest facet) posterior cord of glenoid fossa
the brachial during abduction
plexus & flexion of the
arm; a member of
the rotator cuff
group
trapezius medial third of the lateral third of the elevates and depresses the motor: spinal transverse named for its
superior nuchal line, clavicle, medial scapula (depending on accessory (XI), cervical a. shape; trapezius is
external occipital side of the which part of the muscle proprioception: an example of a
protuberance, acromion and the contracts); rotates the C3-C4 muscle that
ligamentum nuchae, upper crest of the scapula superiorly; migrates during
spinous processes of scapular spine, retracts scapula development from
vertebrae C7-T12 tubercle of the its level of origin
scapular spine (cervical) to its
final position,
pulling its nerve
and artery along
behind
triceps brachii long head: olecranon process extends the forearm; the radial nerve deep brachial long head of the
infraglenoid of the ulna long head extends and (profunda triceps separates
tubercle of the adducts arm brachii) a. the triangular and
scapula; lateral quadrangular
head: posterolateral spaces (teres
humerus & lateral major, teres minor
intermuscular and the humerus
septum; medial are the other
head: posteromedial boundaries); all
surface of the three heads of
inferior 1/2 of the origin insert by a
humerus common tendon
Muscles of the Head and Neck - Listed Alphabetically

anterior scalene anterior tubercles scalene tubercle of elevates the first brachial plexus, ascending cervical a muscle of
of the transverse the first rib rib; flexes and C5-C7 a., a branch of the inspiration; an
thyrocervical trunk important landmark
processes of laterally bends the of the neck; it is
vertebrae C3-C6 neck located between the
subclavian vein and
the subclavian
artery; the roots of
the brachial plexus
pass posterior to it;
the phrenic nerve
crosses its anterior
surface (Greek,
scalene = uneven)
aryepiglottic apex (superior epiglottis draws the epiglottis inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the the mucosa is
part) of the posteriorly and nerve, from superior thyroid a. raised by the
arytenoid cartilage downward during recurrent underlying
swallowing laryngeal nerve, aryepiglottic m. to
a branch of the form the
of vagus (X) aryepiglottic fold
arytenoid, oblique muscular process posterior surface of draws arytenoid inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the the oblique
of the arytenoid the contralateral cartilages together, nerve, from superior thyroid a. arytenoid m. lies
cartilage arytenoid cartilage, adducting the vocal recurrent posterior to the
near its apex folds laryngeal nerve, transverse
a branch of the arytenoid m.; the
of vagus (X) arytenoideus is
often considered to
be one muscle with
oblique and
transverse fibers (
arytenoid, posterior surface posterior surface of draws arytenoid inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the the transverse
transverse of the arytenoid the contralateral cartilages together, nerve, from superior thyroid a. arytenoid m.lies
cartilage arytenoid cartilage adducting the vocal recurrent anterior to the
folds laryngeal nerve, oblique arytenoid
a branch of the m.; the
vagus nerve (X) arytenoideus is
often considered to
be one muscle with
oblique and
transverse parts
auricular anterior: galea auricle anteriorly, wiggle the ears anterior & superficial temporal the auricular
aponeurotica superiorly and superior: a., posterior muscles are derived
anterior to ear; posteriorly temporal auricular a. from the
superior: galea branches of mesenchyme of the
aponeurotica facial nerve second pharyngeal
superior to ear; (VII); posterior: arch, as are the
posterior: mastoid posterior muscles of facial
process auricular branch expression
of facial nerve
(VII)
buccinator pterygomandibular angle of mouth and pulls the corner of buccal branches facial a. although the
raphe, mandible, the lateral portion mouth laterally; of the facial buccinator is
and the maxilla of the upper and presses the cheek nerve (VII) important in
lateral to the molar lower lips against the teeth mastication, it is
teeth innervated by the
buccal branch of
the facial nerve and
NOT by the buccal
nerve from V3 (a
sensory nerve)
(Latin, buccinator =
trumpeter)
chondroglossus medial side of the ascends to blend pulls the sides of hypoglossal lingual a. chondroglossus is
lesser horn and with the intrinsic the tongue down nerve (XII) often considered to
body of the hyoid tongue musculature be part of the
bone hyoglossus muscle
ciliary meridional fibers: meridional fibers: relaxes the parasympathetic ophthalmic a. relaxation of the
scleral spur; ciliary process; suspensory fibers in the suspensory
circular fibers: circular fibers: ligament of the oculomotor ligament allows the
encircle the ciliary encircle the ciliary lens nerve (III), lens to thicken for
process process synapsing in the accommodation
ciliary ganglion (near vision)
constrictor, inferior oblique line of the midline pharyngeal constricts vagus (X), via ascending the most external of
pharyngeal thyroid cartilage, raphe pharyngeal cavity the pharyngeal pharyngeal a., the three
lateral surface of plexus, with aid superior thyroid a., pharyngeal
cricoid cartilage from the superior inferior thyroid a. constructor mm.
laryngeal and
recurrent
laryngeal nerves
constrictor, middle lesser and greater midline pharyngeal constricts the vagus (X), via ascending of the three
pharyngeal horns of the hyoid raphe pharyngeal cavity the pharyngeal pharyngeal a. pharyngeal
bone and the plexus constrictors, this
inferior part of the one is intermediate
stylohyoid in both
ligament superior/inferior
position and depth
constrictor, superior medial pterygoid pharyngeal tubercle constricts the vagus (X), via ascending the most internal of
pharyngeal plate, pterygoid and midline pharyngeal cavity the pharyngeal pharyngeal a. the three
hamulus, pharyngeal raphe plexus pharyngeal
pterygomandibular constructor mm.
raphe, mylohyoid
line of mandible
corrugator medial part of the skin of the medial pulls eyebrows temporal branch supratrochlear a. this muscle causes
supercillary arch half of the eyebrow together medially of the facial the furrowed brow
nerve (VII) of the worried look
(Latin, corrugator=
to wrinkle)
cricoarytenoid, arch of the cricoid muscular process draws the muscular inferior laryngeal superior laryngeal an antagonist of the
lateral cartilage of the arytenoid process of the nerve, from the a., cricothyroid posterior
cartilage arytenoid cartilage recurrent branch of the cricoarytenoid m.;
anteriorly, which laryngeal nerve, superior thyroid a. the arteries that
pivots the a branch of the supply the larynx
arytenoid cartilage vagus nerve (X) anastomose within
and adducts the the larynx to supply
vocal folds the mucous
membranes and
muscles
cricoarytenoid, posterior surface muscular process draws the muscular inferior laryngeal superior laryngeal the posterior
posterior of the lamina of of the arytenoid process posteriorly, nerve, from the a., cricothyroid cricoarytenoid is
the cricoid cartilage which pivots the recurrent branch of the the only ABductor
cartilage arytenoid cartilage laryngeal nerve, superior thyroid a. of the vocal folds;
and abducts the a branch of the the arteries that
vocal folds vagus nerve (X) supply the larynx
anastomose within
the larynx to supply
the mucous
membranes and
muscles
cricopharyngeus lateral surface of midline pharyngeal constricts the recurrent cricothyroid branch cricopharyngeus
the cricoid raphe pharyngeal cavity laryngeal nerve, of the superior represents the
cartilage and the entrance to a branch of the thyroid a., lowest fibers of the
the esophagus vagus nerve (X) ascending inferior pharyngeal
pharyngeal a. constrictor; it is
continuous with the
esophagus below
and marks the
beginning of it
cricothyroid arch of the cricoid inferior border of draws the thyroid external branch cricothyroid branch this is the only
cartilage the thyroid cartilage forward, of superior of the superior intrinsic muscle of
cartilage lengthening the laryngeal nerve, thyroid a. the larynx that is
vocal ligaments a branch of the not supplied by the
vagus nerve (X) recurrent laryngeal
n.; ALL other
laryngeal muscles
are innervated by
recurrent laryngeal
nerve, via its
inferior laryngeal
branch
depressor anguli oblique line of the angle of the mouth pulls the corner of marginal inferior labial a "frown" muscle
oris mandible the mouth mandibular & branch of the facial
downward buccal branches a., mental a.
of the facial
nerve (VII)
depressor labii anterior surface of skin of the lower depresses the lower marginal inferior labial this muscle is used
inferioris the mandible lip lip mandibular branch of the facial to bare the lower
branch of the a., mental a. incisor teeth
facial nerve (VII)
depressor septi maxilla near the nasal septum depresses the nasal buccal branch of superior labial depressor septi is
midline above the septum; involved facial nerve (VII) branch of the facial considered a part of
incisor teeth in flaring the a. the nasalis m.
nostrils
digastric anterior belly: body of the hyoid elevates the hyoid anterior belly: anterior belly: the digastric m.
digastric fossa of via a fibrous loop bone; depresses the mylohyoid submental a.; forms two sides of
the mandible; over an mandible nerve, from the posterior belly: the submandibular
posterior belly: intermediate mandibular occipital a. triangle; it is
mastoid notch of tendon division of the formed from
the temporal bone trigeminal nerve mesenchyme
(V); posterior derived from the
belly: facial first two
nerve (VII) pharyngeal arches,
hence its dual
innervation
dilator pupillae outer margin of inner margin of iris dilates the pupil sympathetic ophthalmic a. none
iris fibers via short
ciliary nerves,
synapsing in
superior cervical
sympathetic
ganglion
epicranius frontalis: galea frontalis: skin of elevates the frontalis: the frontalis and
aponeurotica; the eyebrows; eyebrows and temporal frontalis: occipitalis muscles
occipitalis: occipitalis: galea wrinkles the branches of the supraorbital and are two bellies of
superior nuchal aponeurotica forehead facial nerve supratrochlear aa.; the epicranius
line (VII); occipitalis: occipitalis: muscle; also known
posterior occipital a. as: occipitofrontalis
auricular branch m.
of the facial
nerve (VII)
frontalis galea aponeurotica skin of the eyebrow elevates the temporal supraorbital and frontalis is the
eyebrows and branches of the supratrochlear aa. anterior belly of the
wrinkles the facial nerve (VII) epicranius muscle
forehead
genioglossus mental spine on fans out to insert protrudes the hypoglossal lingual a. an extrinsic muscle
the inner aspect of into the tongue tongue (inferior nerve (XII) of the tongue; XII
the mental from the tip to the fibers); depresses innervates all
symphysis base tongue (middle tongue muscles
fibers) except
palatoglossus
[innervated by
vagus (X), as are
most of the palate
and pharynx
muscles];
genioglossus is
used to test the
function of cranial
nerve XII
geniohyoid mental spines of body of the hyoid elevates the hyoid ventral primary lingual a., thyrohyoid and
the mandible bone bone; depresses the ramus of spinal submental a. geniohyoid receive
mandible nerve C1 via ansa cervicalis
fibers carried by fibers that travel
the hypoglossal with the
nerve hypoglossal nerve
distal to the
superior limb of the
ansa cervicalis
hyoglossus upper border of spreads out into the depresses the sides hypoglossal lingual a. an extrinsic muscle
the greater horn of intrinsic muscles of of the tongue; nerve (XII) of the tongue
the hyoid and the tongue retracts the tongue
body of the hyoid
bone
inferior oblique floor of the orbit sclera on the elevates and oculomotor ophthalmic a. clinicians
lateral to the inferior surface of abducts the corneal nerve (III), examining the eye
lacrimal groove the eyeball part of the eye; inferior division will ask the patient
rotates the superior to look toward the
pole of the iris bridge of the nose
laterally; when the to test the function
eye is adducted, of this muscle
this muscle
elevates the cornea
inferior pharyngeal oblique line of the midline pharyngeal constricts vagus (X), via ascending the most external of
constrictor thyroid cartilage, raphe pharyngeal cavity the pharyngeal pharyngeal a., the three
lateral surface of plexus, with aid superior thyroid a., pharyngeal
cricoid cartilage from the superior inferior thyroid a. constructor mm.
laryngeal and
recurrent
laryngeal nerves
inferior rectus common sclera on the depresses and oculomotor ophthalmic a. because this muscle
tendinous ring at inferior surface of adducts the corneal nerve (III), approaches the
the apex of the the eyeball part of the eyeball; inferior division eyeball from a
orbit rotates the superior medial direction, it
pole of the iris has a rotational
laterally action on the iris
lateral arch of the cricoid muscular process draws the muscular inferior laryngeal superior laryngeal an antagonist of the
cricoarytenoid cartilage of the arytenoid process of the nerve, from the a., cricothyroid posterior
cartilage arytenoid cartilage recurrent branch of the cricoarytenoid m.;
anteriorly, which laryngeal nerve, superior thyroid a. the arteries that
pivots the a branch of the supply the larynx
arytenoid cartilage vagus nerve (X) anastomose within
and adducts the the larynx to supply
vocal folds the mucous
membranes and
muscles
lateral pterygoid superior head: superior head: protracts the lateral pterygoid pterygoid branch of the only one of the
greater wing of the capsule and & mandible; opens branch of the the maxillary a. muscles of
sphenoid bone; articular disk of the the mouth; active mandibular mastication that
inferior head: temporomandibular in grinding actions division of the opens the mouth;
lateral surface of joint; inferior head: of chewing trigeminal nerve the superior head of
the lateral neck of the (V) lateral pterygoid is
pterygoid plate mandible sometimes called
sphenomeniscus
due to its insertion
into the disc of the
temporomandibular
joint (Greek,
pterygoid = wing-
shaped)
lateral rectus common sclera on the lateral abducts the corneal abducens nerve ophthalmic a. loss of function of
tendinous ring at surface of the part of the eyeball (VI) the abducens nerve
the apex of the eyeball will cause the eye
orbit to be abducted
levator anguli oris canine fossa of the angle (corner) of elevates the angle buccal branch of infraorbital a., a "smile" muscle
maxilla the mouth of the mouth the facial nerve superior labial
(VII) branch of the facial
a.
levator labii inferior margin of skin of the upper elevates the upper buccal branch of infraorbital a., levator labii
superioris the orbit lip lip the facial nerve superior labial superioris is used to
(VII) branch of the facial bare the upper
a. incisor teeth, as in a
sneer (Latin,
levator = to lift +
labial = lips)
levator labii frontal process of ala of the nose and elevates the upper buccal branch of infraorbital a., (Latin, levator = to
superioris alaque the maxilla skin of the upper lip and flares the the facial nerve superior labial lift + labial = lips)
nasi lip nostril (VII) branch of the facial
a.
levator palpebrae apex of the orbit skin and fascia of elevates the upper oculomotor ophthalmic a. fibers inserting into
superioris above the optic upper eyelid and eyelid nerve (III) and the superior tarsal
canal the superior tarsal sympathetics (to plate are called
plate the superior superior tarsal
tarsal portion) muscle and are
smooth muscle;
lesion of the
sympathetic supply
causes slight ptosis
(drooping of the
eyelid) (Latin,
levator = to lift +
palpebrae = eyelid)
levator scapulae transverse medial border of elevates scapula dorsal scapular dorsal scapular a. named for its action
processes of C1-4 the scapula from nerve (C5); the (Latin, levator = to
vertebrae the superior angle upper part of the lift)
to the spine muscle receives
branches of C3
& C4 spinal
nerves
levator veli palatini apex of the muscles and fascia elevates the soft vagus nerve (X) ascending a derivative of the
petrous part of the of the soft palate; palate via the pharyngeal a. fourth pharyngeal
temporal bone and palatine pharyngeal arch (Latin, levator
the medial surface aponeurosis plexus = to lift)
of the auditory
tube cartilage
linguae, within tongue within tongue near shapes the tongue hypoglossal lingual a. an intrinsic muscle
longitudinalis the apex for speech and nerve (XII) of the tongue;
mastication longitudinalis has
superior and
inferior
subdivisions that
span the length of
the tongue
linguae, transversus within tongue within tongue compresses the hypoglossal lingual a. an intrinsic muscle
sides of the tongue; nerve (XII) of the tongue
shapes the tongue whose fibers run
for speech and transversely
mastication
linguae, verticalis within tongue within tongue shapes the tongue hypoglossal lingual a. an intrinsic muscle
for speech and nerve (XII) of the tongue
mastication whose fibers run
superoinferiorly
longus capitis anterior tubercles basilar portion of flex the head and cervical plexus, deep cervical a. none
of vertebrae C3-6 the occipital bone neck ventral primary
rami of spinal
nerves C1-4
longus colli anterior tubercles anterior arch of flex neck, rotate cervical and deep cervical a. none
and anterior atlas, anterior and laterally bend brachial plexus,
surfaces of the tubercles of C5-6, neck C2-7
bodies of anterior surfaces of
vertebrae C3-T3 bodies of vertebrae
C2-4
masseter zygomatic arch lateral surface of elevates the nerve to the masseteric branch (Greek, masseter =
and zygomatic the ramus and mandible masseter, from of the maxillary a. the chewer)
bone angle of the the mandibular
mandible division of the
trigeminal nerve
(V)
medial pterygoid medial surface of medial surface of elevates and medial pterygoid pterygoid branch of this muscle mirrors
the lateral the ramus and protracts the branch of the the maxillary a. the masseter m. in
pterygoid plate, angle of the mandible mandibular position and action
pyramidal process mandible division of the with the ramus of
of the palatine trigeminal nerve the mandible
bone, tuberosity of (V) between the two
the maxilla mm. (Greek,
pterygoid = wing-
shaped)
medial rectus common sclera on the adducts the corneal oculomotor ophthalmic a. this muscle directly
tendinous ring at medial surface of part of the eyeball nerve (III) opposes the action
the apex of the the eyeball (inferior of the lateral rectus
orbit division) m.
mentalis anterior surface of skin of the chin elevates the lower marginal mental a., inferior
the mandible near lip and skin of chin mandibular labial branch of the
the mental branch of the facial a.
symphysis facial nerve (VII)
(midline)
middle pharyngeal lesser and greater midline pharyngeal constricts the vagus (X), via ascending of the three
constrictor horns of the hyoid raphe pharyngeal cavity the pharyngeal pharyngeal a. pharyngeal
bone and the plexus constrictors, this
inferior part of the one is intermediate
stylohyoid in both
ligament superior/inferior
position and depth
middle scalene posterior tubercles upper surface of elevates the first brachial plexus, ascending cervical a muscle of
of the transverse the first rib behind rib; flexes and C3-C8 a. respiration
processes of the subclavian laterally bends the (inspiratory); also
vertebrae C2-C7 artery neck called scalenus
medius; penetrated
by the dorsal
scapular n. and
long thoracic n.
(Greek, scalene =
uneven)
musculus uvulae posterior nasal mucosa of the shortens the uvula vagus nerve (X) lesser palatine a. the soft palate and
spine uvula via pharyngeal uvula resist the
plexus upward pressure of
the tongue during
swallowing
mylohyoid mylohyoid line of midline raphe and elevates the hyoid mylohyoid nerve mylohyoid branch the nerve to
mandible body of the hyoid bone and the from the inferior of the inferior mylohyoid also
bone tongue; depresses alveolar nerve, a alveolar a. innervates the
the mandible branch of the anterior belly of
mandibular digastric m.; both
division of the muscles are
trigeminal nerve derivatives of the
(V) second pharygneal
arch
nasalis maxilla above the ala of the nose and flattens the nose, buccal branch of superior labial nasalis has two
incisor teeth and midline flare the nostrils the facial nerve branch of the facial subsidiary parts:
the canine teeth aponeurosis (VII) a. nasalis pars alaris
and pars transversa
nasalis pars alaris maxilla above the ala of the nose flares the nostrils buccal branch of superior labial a subdivision of the
canine teeth facial nerve (VII) branch of the facial nasalis m. (Latin,
a. pars = a part)
nasalis pars maxilla above the midline flattens the nose buccal branch of superior labial a subdivision of the
transversa incisor teeth aponeurosis facial nerve (VII) branch of the facial nasalis m. (Latin,
a. pars = a part)
oblique arytenoid muscular process posterior surface of draws arytenoid inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the the oblique
of the arytenoid the contralateral cartilages together, nerve, from superior thyroid a. arytenoid m. lies
cartilage arytenoid cartilage, adducting the vocal recurrent posterior to the
near its apex folds laryngeal nerve, transverse
a branch of the arytenoid m.; the
of vagus (X) arytenoideus is
often considered to
be one muscle with
oblique and
transverse fibers
oblique, inferior floor of the orbit sclera on the elevates and oculomotor ophthalmic a. clinicians
lateral to the inferior surface of abducts the corneal nerve (III), examining the eye
lacrimal groove the eyeball part of the eye; inferior division will ask the patient
rotates the superior to look toward the
pole of the iris bridge of the nose
laterally; when the to test the function
eye is adducted, of this muscle
this muscle
elevates the cornea
oblique, superior apex of the orbit sclera on the depresses and trochlear nerve ophthalmic a. passes through a
above the optic posterior superior abducts the (IV) fibrocartilagenous
canal surface of the eyeball; rotates the pulley known as
eyeball superior pole of the the trochlea; when
iris medially the eye is adducted,
this muscle moves
the cornea
inferiorly
occipitalis superior nuchal galea aponeurotica pulls the scalp posterior occipital a. occipitalis is the
line posteriorly; auricular branch posterior belly of
elevates the of the facial the epicranius
eyebrows nerve (VII) muscle
occipitofrontalis frontalis: galea frontalis: skin of elevates the frontalis: the frontalis and
aponeurotica; the eyebrows; eyebrows and temporal frontalis: occipitalis muscles
occipitalis: occipitalis: galea wrinkles the branches of the supraorbital and are two bellies of
superior nuchal aponeurotica forehead facial nerve supratrochlear aa.; the
line (VII); occipitalis: occipitalis: occipitofrontalis
posterior occipital a. muscle; also known
auricular branch as: epicranius m.
of the facial
nerve (VII)
omohyoid inferior belly: inferior belly: depresses/stabilizes ansa cervicalis transverse cervical the intermediate
upper border of intermediate the hyoid bone a. tendon of
the scapula medial tendon; superior omohyoid is
to the scapular belly: lower border tethered to the
notch; superior of the hyoid bone clavicle by a fascial
belly: intermediate lateral to the sling
tendon sternohyoid
insertion
orbicularis oculi orbital part: orbital part: skin of closes the eyelids temporal & supraorbital a., activated
medial orbital the lateral cheek; zygomatic supratrochlear a., involuntarily in the
margin and the palpebral part: branches of the infraorbital a., blink reflex; the
medial palpebral lateral palpebral facial nerve (VII) angular branch of palpebral part is
ligament; raphe the facial a. active in normal
palpebral part: blinking and the
medial palpebral orbital part is used
ligament to forcefully close
the eye
orbicularis oris skin and fascia of skin and fascia of purses the lips buccal branch of superior and the "kissing"
lips and the area the lips the facial nerve inferior labial muscle
surrounding the (VII) branches of the
lips facial a., mental a.,
infraorbital a.
palatoglossus palatine side of the tongue, elevates and vagus nerve (X) tonsilar branch of although
aponeurosis entering it from retracts the tongue via the the facial a., palatoglossus
above pharyngeal ascending sounds like a
plexus pharyngeal a. tongue muscle (and
would therefore be
innervated by XII),
it is a palatal
muscle innervated
by X
palatopharyngeus posterior margin posterior wall of elevates the larynx vagus nerve (X) ascending palatopharyngeus is
of the bony palate the pharynx and the via pharyngeal pharyngeal a. part of the inner
and the palatine posterior margin of plexus longitudinal muscle
aponeurosis the thyroid layer of the
cartilage pharynx
platysma fascia overlying inferior border of draws the corners cervical branch facial a. platysma is derived
the pectoralis the mandible and of the mouth down; of the facial from the
major and deltoid skin of lower face it aids in nerve (VII) mesenchyme of the
muscles depression of the second pharyngeal
mandible arch (Greek,
platysma = a flat
plate)
posterior posterior surface muscular process draws the muscular inferior laryngeal superior laryngeal the posterior
cricoarytenoid of the lamina of of the arytenoid process posteriorly, nerve, from the a., cricothyroid cricoarytenoid is
the cricoid cartilage which pivots the recurrent branch of the the only ABductor
cartilage arytenoid cartilage laryngeal nerve, superior thyroid a. of the vocal folds;
the arteries that
and abducts the a branch of the supply the larynx
vocal folds vagus nerve (X) anastomose within
the larynx to supply
the mucous
membranes and
muscles
posterior scalene posterior tubercles lateral surface of elevates the second brachial plexus, ascending cervical a muscle of
of the transverse the second rib rib; flexes and C7-C8 a. respiration
processes of laterally bends the (inspiratory); it is
vertebrae C5-C7 neck the longest of the
scalene muscles
(Greek, scalene =
uneven)
procerus nasal bone skin between the depresses the temporal branch supratrochlear a. (Latin, procerus =
eyebrows medial corners of of the facial long and streched
the eyebrows nerve (VII) out)
pterygoid, lateral superior head: superior head: protracts the lateral pterygoid pterygoid branch of the only one of the
greater wing of the capsule and & mandible; opens branch of the the maxillary a. muscles of
sphenoid bone; articular disk of the the mouth; active mandibular mastication that
inferior head: temporomandibular in grinding actions division of the opens the mouth;
lateral surface of joint; inferior head: of chewing trigeminal nerve the superior head of
the lateral neck of the (V) lateral pterygoid is
pterygoid plate mandible sometimes called
sphenomeniscus
due to its insertion
into the disc of the
temporomandibular
joint (Greek,
pterygoid = wing-
shaped)
pterygoid, medial medial surface of medial surface of elevates and medial pterygoid pterygoid branch of this muscle mirrors
the lateral the ramus and protracts the branch of the the maxillary a. the masseter m. in
pterygoid plate, angle of the mandible mandibular position and action
pyramidal process mandible division of the with the ramus of
of the palatine trigeminal nerve the mandible
bone, tuberosity of (V) between the two
the maxilla mm. (Greek,
pterygoid = wing-
shaped)
pupillae, dilator outer margin of inner margin of iris dilates the pupil sympathetic ophthalmic a. none
iris fibers via short
ciliary nerves,
synapsing in
superior cervical
sympathetic
ganglion
pupillae, sphincter encircles iris encircles iris constricts the pupil parasympathetic ophthalmic a. none
fibers of
oculomotor
nerve (III),
synapsing in
ciliary ganglion
rectus capitis lateral mass of basilar portion of flexes the head ventral primary deep cervical a. none
anterior atlas occipital bone ramus of spinal
nerve C1
rectus capitis transverse process occipital bone laterally bends the ventral primary deep cervical a. none
lateralis of atlas anterolateral to head ramus of spinal
foramen magnum nerve C1
rectus, inferior common sclera on the depresses and oculomotor ophthalmic a. because this muscle
tendinous ring at inferior surface of adducts the corneal nerve (III), approaches the
the apex of the the eyeball part of the eyeball; inferior division eyeball from a
orbit rotates the superior medial direction, it
pole of the iris has a rotational
laterally action on the iris
rectus, lateral common sclera on the lateral abducts the corneal abducens nerve ophthalmic a. loss of function of
tendinous ring at surface of the part of the eyeball (VI) the abducens nerve
the apex of the eyeball will cause the eye
orbit to be abducted
rectus, medial common sclera on the adducts the corneal oculomotor ophthalmic a. this muscle directly
tendinous ring at medial surface of part of the eyeball nerve (III) opposes the action
the apex of the the eyeball (inferior of the lateral rectus
orbit division) m.
rectus, superior common sclera on the elevates and oculomotor ophthalmic a. because this muscle
tendinous ring at superior surface of adducts the nerve (III), approaches the eye
the apex of the the eyeball eyeball; rotates the superior division from a medial
orbit superior pole of the position, it causes
iris medially the iris to rotate
medially
risorius fascia of the skin of the angle draws the corner of buccal branches transverse facial a., risorius is active in
lateral cheek (corner) of the the mouth laterally of the facial facial a. expressions of
mouth nerve (VII) mirth (Latin,
risorius = to laugh)
salpingopharyngeus inferior surface of pharyngeal wall elevates the larynx vagus nerve (X) ascending like other muscles
the anteromedial and superior border via the pharyngeal a. of the pharyngeal
end of the auditory of the thyroid pharyngeal wall,
tube cartilage cartilage along plexus salpingopharyngeus
with the is derived from the
palatopharyngeus fourth pharyngeal
m. arch
scalene, anterior anterior tubercles scalene tubercle of elevates the first brachial plexus, ascending cervical a muscle of
of the transverse the first rib rib; flexes and C5-C7 a., a branch of the inspiration; an
processes of laterally bends the thyrocervical trunk important landmark
vertebrae C3-C6 neck of the neck; it is
located between the
subclavian vein and
the subclavian
artery; the roots of
the brachial plexus
pass posterior to it;
the phrenic nerve
crosses its anterior
surface (Greek,
scalene = uneven)
scalene, middle posterior tubercles upper surface of elevates the first brachial plexus, ascending cervical a muscle of
of the transverse the first rib behind rib; flexes and C3-C8 a. respiration
processes of the subclavian laterally bends the (inspiratory); also
vertebrae C2-C7 artery neck called scalenus
medius; penetrated
by the dorsal
scapular n. and
long thoracic n.
(Greek, scalene =
uneven)
scalene, posterior posterior tubercles lateral surface of elevates the second brachial plexus, ascending cervical a muscle of
of the transverse the second rib rib; flexes and C7-C8 a. respiration
processes of laterally bends the (inspiratory); it is
vertebrae C5-C7 neck the longest of the
scalene muscles
(Greek, scalene =
uneven)
sphenomeniscus greater wing of the capsule and pulls the articular lateral pterygoid pterygoid branch of sphenomeniscus is
sphenoid articular disk of the disk forward in branch of the maxillary a. another name for
temporomandibular opening of the mandibular the superior belly
joint mouth division of of the lateral
trigeminal nerve pterygoid m.
(V)
sphincter pupillae encircles iris encircles iris constricts the pupil parasympathetic ophthalmic a. none
fibers of
oculomotor
nerve (III),
synapsing in
ciliary ganglion
splenius ligamentum capitis: mastoid extends and dorsal primary supplied it gets its name
nuchae and spines process & superior laterally bends rami of spinal segmentally by: from its broad, flat
C7-T6 nuchal line neck and head; nerves C2-6 deep cervical a., shape (Greek,
laterally; cervicis: rotates head to posterior intercostal splenius = a
same side aa. bandage)
posterior tubercles
of C1-3
stapedius walls of the neck of the stapes dampens vibration facial nerve (VII) anterior tympanic a. entirely enclosed in
pyramidal of the stapes bone, except for its
eminence tendon; a derivative
of the second
pharyngeal arch
sternocleidomastoid sternal head: mastoid process draws the mastoid spinal accessory sternocleidomastoid carotid sheath
anterior surface of and lateral 1/2 of process down nerve (XI), with branch of the structures lie deep
the manubrium; the superior nuchal toward the same sensory supply occipital a. to it
clavicular head: line side which causes from C2 & C3
medial 1/3rd of the chin to turn up (for
the clavicle toward the proprioception)
opposite side;
acting together, the
muscles of the two
sides flex the neck
sternohyoid posterior surfaces lower border of the depresses/stabilizes ansa cervicalis superior thyroid a. sternohyoid
of both the hyoid bone, medial the hyoid bone overlies the
manubrium and to the omohyoid m. sternothyroid and
sternal end of the insertion thyrohyoid mm.
clavicle
sternothyroid posterior surface oblique line of the depresses/stabilizes ansa cervicalis superior thyroid a. sternothyroid lies
of the manubrium thyroid cartilage the hyoid bone deep to the
below the origin sternohyoid m.
of the sternohyoid
m.
styloglossus anterior side of the posterolateral side retracts and hypoglossal ascending an extrinsic muscle
styloid process of the tongue elevates the tongue nerve (XII) pharyngeal a., of the tongue
ascending palatine
branch of the facial
a.
stylohyoid posterior side of splits around the elevates and facial nerve (VII) ascending facial nerve
the styloid process intermediate retracts the hyoid pharyngeal a. innervates both the
tendon of the bone stylohyoid m. and
digastric m. to the posterior belly
insert on the body of the digastric m.
of the hyoid bone shortly after exiting
from the
stylomastoid
foramen
stylopharyngeus medial side of the superior border of elevates the larynx glossopharyngeal ascending stylopharyngeus,
styloid process the thyroid nerve (IX) pharyngeal a. the only muscle
cartilage and also innervated by IX, is
into the pharyngeal the only muscle of
wall the pharyngeal wall
NOT innervated by
the vagus (X)
nerve; it is a
derivative of the
third pharyngeal
arch
superior oblique apex of the orbit sclera on the depresses and trochlear nerve ophthalmic a. passes through a
above the optic posterior superior abducts the (IV) fibrocartilagenous
canal surface of the eyeball; rotates the pulley known as
eyeball superior pole of the the trochlea; when
iris medially the eye is adducted,
this muscle moves
the cornea
inferiorly
superior pharyngeal medial pterygoid pharyngeal tubercle constricts the vagus (X), via ascending the most internal of
constrictor plate, pterygoid and midline pharyngeal cavity the pharyngeal pharyngeal a. the three
hamulus, pharyngeal raphe plexus pharyngeal
pterygomandibular constructor mm.
raphe, mylohyoid
line of mandible
superior rectus common sclera on the elevates and oculomotor ophthalmic a. because this muscle
tendinous ring at superior surface of adducts the nerve (III), approaches the eye
the apex of the the eyeball eyeball; rotates the superior division from a medial
orbit superior pole of the position, it causes
iris medially the iris to rotate
medially
temporalis temporal fossa and coronoid process of elevates the anterior and anterior and a powerful chewing
the temporal fascia the mandible and mandible; retracts posterior deep posterior deep muscle; a
the anterior surface the mandible temporal nerves temporal aa. derivative of the
of the ramus of the (posterior fibers) from the first pharyngeal
mandible mandibular arch
division of the
trigeminal nerve
(V)
tensor tympani cartilagenous manubrium of the dampens vibrations medial pterygoid superior tympanic V3 innervates both
auditory tube and malleus of the tympanic branch of the branch of the tensor muscles of
the greater wing of membrane mandibular middle meningeal the head (tympani
the sphenoid bone division of the a. and veli palatini)
which lies trigeminal nerve which are
adjacent to it (V) derivatives of the
first pharyngeal
arch (Latin,
tympanum = a
kettle drum)
tensor veli palatini scaphoid fossa, palatine opens the auditory mandibular ascending remember: V3
lateral wall of the aponeurosis tube; tenses the division of the pharyngeal a. innervates both
auditory tube soft palate trigeminal nerve tensor muscles
cartilage (V) (tympani and veli
palatini); ALL
other palatal
muscles are
innervated by
vagus
thyroarytenoid inner surface of lateral border of the draws the inferior laryngeal laryngeal branch of its subsidiary parts
the thyroid arytenoid cartilage arytenoid cartilage nerve, from the superior thyroid are the
cartilage anteriorly forward, relaxing recurrent a. thyroepiglottic m.
and adducting the laryngeal nerve, and the vocalis m.;
vocal folds a branch of the the medial most
vagus nerve (X) fibers of
thyroarytenoid that
insert along the
vocal ligament are
called the vocalis
muscle
thyroepiglottic inner surface of lateral surface of draws the inferior laryngeal laryngeal branch of represents the
the thyroid the epiglottic epiglottic cartilage nerve, from the superior thyroid superior fibers of
cartilage near the cartilage downward recurrent a. thyroarytenoid
laryngeal laryngeal nerve, muscle which fan
prominence a branch of the out to the
vagus nerve (X) quadrangular
membrane and
epiglottis
thyrohyoid oblique line of the lower border of the elevates the larynx; ansa cervicalis superior thyroid a. thyrohyoid lies
thyroid cartilage hyoid bone depresses/stabilizes (via fibers deep to the
the hyoid bone running with the sternohyoid
hypoglossal
nerve that leave
XII distal to the
superior limb of
ansa)
trachealis posterior edge of posterior edge of constricts the preganglionic inferior thyroid a., smooth muscle,
the tracheal the tracheal bronchi and parasympathetic bronchial aa. found in the
cartilage cartilage of other trachea fibers from the submucosal layer
side (joins tracheal vagus (X) nerve
rings posteriorly)
transverse posterior surface posterior surface of draws arytenoid inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the the transverse
arytenoid of the arytenoid the contralateral cartilages together, nerve, from superior thyroid a. arytenoid m.lies
often considered to
be one muscle with
oblique and
transverse parts
transverse posterior surface posterior surface of draws arytenoid inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the the transverse
arytenoid of the arytenoid the contralateral cartilages together, nerve, from superior thyroid a. arytenoid m.lies
often considered to
be one muscle with
oblique and
transverse parts
vocalis surface of the vocal ligament relaxes segments inferior laryngeal laryngeal br. of the represents the
thyroid cartilage, of the vocal nerve, from the superior thyroid a. innermost fibers of
vocal process of ligament, thereby recurrent the thyroarytenoid
the arytenoid adjusting pitch laryngeal nerve, muscle; the
cartilage a branch of the cricothyroid m.
vagus nerve (X) grossly tenses the
vocal ligaments,
while the vocalis
muscle provides the
mechanism for fine
tuning the
vibrations of the
vocal folds
zygomaticus major upper lateral skin of the angle of elevates and draws zygomatic and transverse facial a., a "smile" muscle
surface of the the mouth the corner of the buccal branches facial a.
zygomatic bone mouth laterally of the facial
nerve (VII)
zygomaticus minor lower surface of lateral part of the elevates the upper buccal branch of transverse facial a., a "smile" muscle
the zygomatic upper lip lip the facial nerve facial a.
bone (VII)
Muscles of the Thoracic Region - Listed Alphabetically

diaphragm xiphoid process, costal central tendon pushes the phrenic musculophrenic left crus attaches to the L1-
margin, fascia over the of the abdominal viscera nerve (C3- a., superior L2 vertebral bodies, the
quadratus lumborum and diaphragm inferiorly, C5) phrenic a., right crus attaches to the L1-
psoas major mm.(lateral & increasing the inferior phrenic L3 vertebral bodies
medial arcuate ligaments), volume of the a.
vertebral bodies L1-L3 thoracic cavity
(inspiration)
external lower border of a rib within upper border of keeps the intercostal intercostal a. 11 in number; they extend
intercostal an intercostal space the rib below, intercostal space nerves (T1- from the tubercle of the rib
coursing, from blowing out T11) to the costochondral
downward and or sucking in junction; continuous with
medially during respiration the external intercostal
membrane anteriorly
innermost upper borders of a rib fibers course keeps the intercostal intercostal a. innermost intercostal mm.
intercostal up and intercostal space nerves (T1- have the same fiber
medially to from blowing out T11) direction as the internal
insert on the or sucking in intercostal mm., the only
inferior margin during respiration difference being that they lie
of the rib above deep to the intercostal
neurovascular bundle
internal upper border of a rib lower border of keeps the intercostal intercostal a. 11 in number; they extend
intercostal rib above, intercostal space nerves (T1- from the margin of the
coursing up from blowing out T11) sternum to the angle of the
and medially or sucking in rib; continuous posteriorly
during respiration with the internal intercostal
membrane
levatores transverse processes C7-T11 rib below its elevates the rib dorsal deep cervical these are fairly small and
costarum origin, medial primary a., intercostal insignificant muscles
to the angle rami of aa.
spinal
nerves C7-
T11
subcostalis angle of ribs angle of a rib compresses the intercostal intercostal a. subcostalis, transversus
2-3 ribs above intercostal spaces nerves thoracis & innermost
origin intercostal mm. make up the
deepest intercostal muscle
layer
transversus posterior surface of the inner surfaces compresses the intercostal internal transversus thoracis,
thoracis sternum of costal thorax for forced nerves 2-6 thoracic a. subcostalis & innermost
cartilages 2-6 expiration intercostal mm. make up the
innermost intercostal muscle
layer
Muscles of the Abdominal Region - Listed Alphabetically

cremaster inguinal forms thin elevates genital branch cremasteric a., a branch the cremaster m. is internal
ligament network of testis (not of the of the inferior epigastric abdominal oblique muscle's
muscle fascicles well genitofemoral a. contribution to the coverings of
around the developed nerve the spermatic cord and testis; the
spermatic cord in females) cremasteric reflex may be elicited
and testis (or by stroking the medial thigh
around the distal (where the femoral branch of the
portion of the genitofemoral n. distributes
round ligament cutaneously) (Greek, cremaster =
of the uterus) suspender)
dartos subcutaneous skin of the elevates postganglionic cremasteric a., posterior the dartos elevates the testis in
connective scrotum and testis sympathetic scrotal (labial) a. response to cold (it is modified
tissue of the penis (or labium (tenses the nerve fibers arrector pili fibers, or the goose-
scrotum and majus and skin of the arriving via bump muscles) (Latin, dartos =
the penis (or clitoris) pudendal the leather)
labium majus region in ilioinguinal
and clitoris) the female) nerve and the
posterior
scrotal nerve
external lower 8 ribs linea alba, pubic flexes and intercostal musculophrenic a., the inguinal ligament is a
abdominal crest & tubercle, laterally nerves 7-11, superior epigastric a., specialization of the external
oblique anterior superior bends the subcostal, intercostal aa. 7-11, abdominal oblique aponeurosis;
iliac spine & trunk iliohypogastric subcostal a., lumbar aa., the external spermatic fascia is
anterior half of and superficial circumflex the external abdominal oblique
iliac crest ilioinguinal iliac a., deep circumflex muscle's contribution to the
nerves iliac a., superficial coverings of the testis and
epigastric a., inferior spermatic cord
epigastric a., superficial
external pudendal a.
interfoveolar transversus anterior lamina compresses iliohypogastric inferior epigastric a. an inconstant part of the Image
abdominis of femoral abdominal and transversus abdominis m. which Not
fibers that lie sheath, contents ilioinguinal may be replaced by a ligament Available
superficial to immediately nerves (interfoveolar ligament)
the inferior distal to origin of
epigastric inferior
vessels epigastric vessels
internal thoracolumbar lower 3 or 4 ribs, flexes and intercostal musculophrenic a., anterior fibers of internal
abdominal fascia, linea alba, pubic laterally nerves 7-11, superior epigastric a., abdominal oblique course up and
oblique anterior 2/3 of crest bends the subcostal, intercostal aa. 7-11, medially, perpendicular to the
the iliac crest, trunk iliohypogastric subcostal a., lumbar aa., fibers of external abdominal
lateral 2/3 of and superficial circumflex oblique; the cremaster muscle
the inguinal ilioinguinal iliac a., deep circumflex and fascia is the internal
ligament nerves iliac a., superficial abdominal oblique muscle's
epigastric a., inferior contribution to the coverings of
epigastric a., superficial the testis and spermatic cord
oblique, lower 8 ribs linea alba, pubic flexes and intercostal musculophrenic a., the inguinal ligament is a
external crest & tubercle, laterally nerves 7-11, superior epigastric a., specialization of the external
abdominal anterior superior subcostal, intercostal aa. 7-11, abdominal oblique aponeurosis;
iliac spine & bends the iliohypogastric subcostal a., lumbar aa., the external spermatic fascia is
anterior half of trunk and superficial circumflex the external abdominal oblique
iliac crest ilioinguinal iliac a., deep circumflex muscle's contribution to the
nerves iliac a., superficial coverings of the testis and
epigastric a., inferior spermatic cord
oblique, thoracolumbar lower 3 or 4 ribs, flexes and intercostal musculophrenic a., anterior fibers of internal
internal fascia, linea alba, pubic laterally nerves 7-11, superior epigastric a., abdominal oblique course up and
abdominal anterior 2/3 of crest bends the subcostal, intercostal aa. 7-11, medially, perpendicular to the
the iliac crest, trunk iliohypogastric subcostal a., lumbar aa., fibers of external abdominal
lateral 2/3 of and superficial circumflex oblique; the cremaster muscle
the inguinal ilioinguinal iliac a., deep circumflex and fascia is the internal
ligament nerves iliac a., superficial abdominal oblique muscle's
epigastric a., inferior contribution to the coverings of
epigastric a., superficial the testis and spermatic cord
psoas major bodies and lesser trochanter flexes the branches of subcostal a., lumbar aa. the genitofemoral nerve pierces
transverse of femur (with thigh; the ventral the anterior surface of the psoas
processes of iliacus) via flexes & primary rami major m. (Greek, psoas = the
lumbar iliopsoas tendon laterally of spinal muscles of the loins)
vertebrae bends the nerves L2-L4
lumbar
vertebral
column
psoas minor bodies of the iliopubic flexes & branches of lumbar aa. absent in 40% of cases (Greek,
T12 & L1 eminence at the laterally the ventral psoas = the muscles of the loins)
vertebrae line of junction bends the primary rams
of the ilium and lumbar of spinal
the superior vertebral nerves L1-L2
pubic ramus column
pyramidalis pubis, anterior linea alba draws the subcostal subcostal a., inferior the pyramidalis m. is not always
to the rectus linea alba nerve epigastric a. present
abdominis inferiorly
quadratus posterior part transverse laterally subcostal subcostal a., lumbar aa. the lateral arcuate ligament of the
lumborum of the iliac processes of bends the nerve and diaphragm crosses the anterior
crest and the lumbar vertebrae trunk, fixes ventral surface of the quadratus
iliolumbar 1-4 and the 12th the 12th rib primary rami lumborum m.
ligament rib of spinal
nerves L1-L4
rectus pubis and the xiphoid process flexes the intercostal superior epigastric a. rectus sheath contains rectus
abdominis pubic of the sternum trunk nerves 7-11 intercostal aa., subcostal abdominis and is formed by the
symphysis and costal and subcostal a., inferior epigastric a. aponeuroses of external and
cartilages 5-7 nerve internal oblique and transversus
abdominis mm.
transversus lower 6 ribs, linea alba, pubic flexes and intercostal musculophrenic a., transversus abdominis muscle
abdominis thoracolumbar crest and pecten laterally nerves 7-11, superior epigastric a., does not contribute to the
fascia, of the pubis bends subcostal, intercostal aa. 7-11, coverings of the spermatic cord
anterior 3/4 of trunk iliohypogastric subcostal a., lumbar aa., and testis; transversalis fascia, the
the iliac crest, and superficial circumflex deep fascia that covers the inner
lateral 1/3 of ilioinguinal iliac a., deep circumflex surface of the transversus
inguinal nerves iliac a., superficial abdominis, forms the internal
ligament epigastric a., inferior spermatic fascia
Muscles of the Pelvis and Perineum - Listed Alphabetically

anal sphincter, perineal body or encircles the anal constricts the inferior rectal inferior skeletal (voluntary) muscle, as
external central tendinous canal; superficial anal canal nerves (from the rectal a. contrasted with sphincter ani
point of the perineum fibers attach to the pudendal nerve) internus, which is smooth
coccyx (involuntary) muscle; the
external anal sphincter is
considered part of the pelvic
diaphragm
anal sphincter, encircles the anal encircles the anal constricts the parasympathetic middle smooth muscle (involuntary),
internal canal canal anal canal fibers from S4 rectal a. as contrasted with sphincter
ani externus, which is skeletal
muscle (voluntary)
bulbospongiosus, perineal body and perineal membrane compresses the deep branch of perineal skeletal muscle
in female fascia of the bulb of and corpus vestibular bulb the perineal nerve a.
the vestibule cavernosum of the and constricts (from pudendal
clitoris the vaginal nerve)
orifice
bulbospongiosus, central tendinous perineal membrane, compresses the deep branch of perineal expels the last drops of urine
in male point and the midline dorsal surface of the bulb of the the perineal nerve a. from urethra; expels semen
raphe on the bulb of corpus spongiosum, penis, (from pudendal during ejaculation
the penis deep penile fascia compresses the nerve)
spongy urethra
coccygeus ischial spine side of the coccyx elevates the branches of the inferior coccygeus and levator ani
and lower sacrum pelvic floor ventral primary gluteal a. combined form the pelvic
rami of spinal diaphragm
nerves S3-S4
deep transverse medial surface of the contralateral muscle fixes and deep branch of internal superficial and deep transverse
perineus ischial ramus and perineal stabilizes the perineal nerve pudendal perineus muscles are separated
body/central perineal from pudendal a. by the perineal membrane
tendinous point body/central nerve
tendinous point
detruser of smooth muscle in the fascicles are compresses the parasympathetic superior muscles in the neck of bladder
bladder wall of the urinary arranged roughly in urinary bladder nerve fibers from and must contract and cause the
bladder three layers the pelvic inferior internal urethral orifice to open
splanchnic nerves vesical before the detruser muscle can
(S2-S4 spinal aa. void the bladder (Latin,
cord levels) detruser = to push down)
iliococcygeus arcus tendineus anococcygeal raphe elevates the branches of the inferior the combination of
levator ani and the and the coccyx pelvic floor ventral primary gluteal a. puborectalis, pubococcygeus
ischial spine rami of spinal and iliococcygeus is called the
nerves S3-S4 levator ani m.
ischiocavernosus medial surface of the corpus cavernosum compresses the deep branch of perineal ischiocavernosus m. is closely
ischial tuberosity and and crus of the corpus the perineal nerve a. applied to the surface of the
the ischiopubic ramus penis/clitoris cavernosum (from pudendal crus penis/clitoris
nerve)
levator ani posterior surface of anococcygeal raphe elevates the branches of the inferior the combination of
the body of the pubis, and coccyx pelvic floor ventral primary gluteal a. puborectalis, pubococcygeus
fascia of the obturator rami of spinal & iliococcygeus is the levator
internus m. (arcus nerves S3-S4 ani m.; coccygeus and levator
tendineus levator ani), ani combined form the pelvic
ischial spine diaphragm (Latin, levator = to
lift)
levator prostatae posterior aspect of the fascia of the prostate elevates the branches of the inferior levator prostatae is part of the
pubis prostate ventral primary gluteal a. puborectalis m. (Latin, levator
rami of spinal = to lift)
nerves S3-S4
pubococcygeus posterior aspect of the coccyx elevates the branches of the inferior the combination of
superior pubic ramis pelvic floor ventral primary gluteal a. puborectalis, pubococcygeus
rami of spinal and iliococcygeus is called the
nerves S3-S4 levator ani m.
puborectalis posterior aspect of the unites with the draws the distal branches of the inferior the combination of
body of the pubis puborectalis m. of rectum forward ventral primary gluteal a. puborectalis, pubococcygeus
other side posterior and superiorly; rami of spinal and iliococcygeus is called the
to the rectum aids in nerves S3-S4 levator ani m.
voluntary
retention of
feces
pubovaginalis posterior aspect of the fascia of the vagina draws the branches of the inferior pubovaginalis is part of the
body of the pubis and perineal body vagina forward ventral primary gluteal a. levator ani muscle
and superiorly rami of spinal
nerves S3-S4
sphincter ani perineal body or encircles the anal constricts the inferior rectal inferior skeletal (voluntary) muscle, as
externus central tendinous canal; superficial anal canal nerves (from the rectal a. contrasted with sphincter ani
point of the perineum pudendal nerve) internus, which is smooth
fibers attach to the (involuntary) muscle; the
coccyx external anal sphincter is
considered part of the pelvic
diaphragm
sphincter ani encircles the anal encircles the anal constricts the parasympathetic middle smooth muscle (involuntary),
internus canal canal anal canal fibers from S4 rectal a. as contrasted with sphincter
ani externus, which is skeletal
muscle (voluntary)
sphincter encircles the urethra encircles urethra compresses deep branch of internal skeletal muscle
urethrae, in and vagina; extends urethra and perineal nerve pudendal
female superiorly along the vagina from pudendal a.
urethra as far as the nerve
inferior surface of
the bladder
sphincter encircles the urethra encircles urethra, compresses deep branch of internal skeletal muscle
urethrae, in male reaches lateral urethra perineal nerve pudendal
surface of prostate from pudendal a.
and inferior bladder nerve
superficial medial surface of the contralateral muscle fixes and deep branch of perineal superficial and deep transverse
transverse ischial ramus and the perineal stabilizes perineal nerve a. perineus muscles are separated
perineus body/central perineal from pudendal by the perineal membrane
tendinous point
transverse medial surface of the contralateral muscle fixes and deep branch of internal superficial and deep transverse
perineus, deep ischial ramus and perineal stabilizes the perineal nerve pudendal perineus muscles are separated
body/central perineal from pudendal a. by the perineal membrane
tendinous point
transverse medial surface of the contralateral muscle fixes and deep branch of perineal superficial and deep transverse
perineus, ischial ramus and the perineal stabilizes perineal nerve a. perineus muscles are separated
superficial body/central perineal from pudendal by the perineal membrane
tendinous point
Muscles of the Lower Limb - Listed Alphabetically

abductor digiti medial and lateral side of the abducts the 5th toe; flexes lateral plantar lateral abductor digiti minimi
minimi (foot) lateral sides of base of the the metatarsophalageal nerve plantar a. forms the lateral margin of
the tuberosity proximal phalanx joint the sole of the foot
of the of the 5th digit
calcaneus
abductor hallucis medial side of medial side of the abducts the great toe; medial plantar medial abductor hallucis forms the
the tuberosity base of the flexes the nerve plantar a. medial margin of the sole
of calcaneus proximal phalanx metatarsophalageal joint of the foot (Latin, hallex =
of the great toe great toe)
(hallux)
adductor brevis inferior pubic pectineal line and adducts, flexes, and anterior obturator anterior and posterior
ramus linea aspera (deep medially rotates the femur division of the a., deep divisions of the obturator
to the pectineus and obturator nerve femoral a. nerve lie on the anterior
adductor longus and posterior surfaces of
mm.) adductor brevis
adductor hallucis oblique head: lateral side of base adducts the great toe deep branch of plantar the plantar arterial arch
bases of of the proximal (moves it toward midline the lateral arterial passes superior to the
metatarsals 2- phalanx of the great of the foot; i.e.toward the plantar nerve arch oblique head of adductor
4; transverse toe 2nd digit) hallucis (Latin, hallex =
head: heads of great toe)
metatarsals 3-5
adductor longus medial portion linea aspera of the adducts, flexes, and anterior obturator the most anterior of the
of the superior femur medially rotates the femur division of the a., deep adductor group of muscles
pubic ramus obturator nerve femoral a.
adductor magnus ischiopubic linea aspera of the adducts, flexes, and posterior obturator the ischiocondylar part of
ramus and femur; the medially rotates the division of the a., deep adductor magnus is a
ischiocondylar part obturator femoral a., hamstring muscle by
ischial inserts on the femur; extends the femur nerve; tibial medial embryonic origin and
tuberosity adductor tubercle (ischiocondylar part) nerve femoral action, so it is innervated
of the femur (ischiocondylar circumflex by the tibial nerve
part) a.
obturator
gluteal ridge and a., medial
lower portion posterior adductor minimus m. is the
upper part of the adducts and laterally femoral
adductor minimus of the inferior division of the uppermost fibers of the
linea aspera of the rotates the femur circumflex
pubic ramus obturator nerve adductor magnus m.
femur a., deep
femoral a.
articularis genu anterior articular capsule of elevates the articular femoral nerve descending articularis genu is formed
surface of the the knee capsule of the knee joint genicular by muscle fascicles deep
femur above a. to the vastus intermedius
the patellar m.
surface
biceps femoris long head: head of fibula and extends the thigh, flexes long head: perforating one of the "hamstring"
ischial lateral condyle of the leg tibial nerve; branches muscles
tuberosity; the tibia short head: of the deep
short head: common femoral a.
lateral lip of fibular
the linea (peroneal)
aspera nerve
dorsal shafts of bases of the abduct digits 2-4 (move deep branch of dorsal four in number; remember
interosseous (foot) adjacent proximal phalanges these digits away from the lateral metatarsal DAB (Dorsal interossei
metatarsal for digit 2 (both midline as defined by a plantar nerve aa. ABduct) and PAD (Plantar
bones sides) & digits 3,4 plane passing through the interossei ADduct), then
(lateral side) 2nd digit); flex the logic can tell you where
metatarsophalangeal joints these muscles insert
and extend the (Latin, inter = between +
interphalangeal joints of os = bone)
those digits
extensor superolateral extensor expansion extends toes 1-4 deep fibular dorsalis the part of the extensor
digitorum brevis surface of the of toes 1-4 (peroneal) pedis a. digitorum brevis that goes
calcaneus nerve to the great toe is called
the extensor hallucis brevis
m.
extensor lateral condyle dorsum of the extends the deep fibular anterior one of the muscles
digitorum longus of the tibia, lateral 4 toes via metatarsophalangeal, (peroneal) tibial a. involved in anterior
anterior extensor proximal interphalangeal nerve compartment syndrome
surface of the expansions (central and distal interphalangeal
fibula, lateral slip inserts on base joints of the lateral 4 toes
portion of the of middle phalanx,
interosseous lateral slips on base
membrane of distal phalanx)
extensor hallucis superolateral dorsum of base of extends the great toe deep fibular dorsalis usually considered to be
brevis surface of the proximal phalanx (peroneal) pedis a. the medial-most part of the
calcaneus of the great toe nerve extensor digitorum brevis
m. (Latin, hallex = great
toe)
extensor hallucis middle half of base of the distal extends the deep fibular anterior one of the muscles
longus the anterior phalanx of the great metatarsophalangeal (peroneal) tibial a. involved in anterior
surface of the toe interphalangeal joints of nerve compartment syndrome
fibula and the the great toe (Latin, hallex = great toe)
interosseous
membrane
fibularis lower one third tuberosity of the extends (plantar flexes) superficial fibular stress fracture of the base
(peroneus) brevis of the lateral base of the 5th and everts the foot fibular (peroneal) of the 5th metatarsal bone
surface of the metatarsal (peroneal) a. is a common runner's
fibula nerve injury
fibularis upper after crossing the extends (plantar flexes) superficial fibular fibularis longus lies
(peroneus) longus two/thirds of plantar surface of and everts the foot fibular (peroneal) superficial to the fibularis
the lateral the foot deep to the (peroneal) a. brevis m. in the lateral
surface of the intrinsic muscles, it nerve compartment of the leg
fibula inserts on the
medial cuneiform
and the base of the
1st metatarsal bone
fibularis distal part of dorsum of the shaft everts the foot deep fibular anterior fibularis tertius is in the
(peroneus) tertius the anterior of the 5th (peroneal) tibial a. anterior compartment of
surface of the metatarsal bone nerve the leg, not the lateral
fibula compartment (which
contains fibularis longus
and brevis)
flexor digiti base of 5th lateral side of base flexes the lateral plantar lateral none
minimi brevis metatarsal of proximal metatarsophalangeal joint nerve plantar a.
(foot) bone phalanx of 5th digit of the 5th digit
flexor digitorum tuberosity of base of the middle flexes the medial plantar medial and flexor digitorum brevis in
brevis the calcaneus, phalanx of digits 2- metatarsophalangeal & nerve lateral the foot is equivalent to the
plantar 5 after splitting to proximal interphalangeal plantar aa. flexor digitorum
aponeurosis, allow passage of joints of digits 2-5 superficialis m. of the arm
intermuscular the flexor
septae digitorum longus
tendons
flexor digitorum middle half of bases of the distal flexes the tibial nerve tibial a. flexor digitorum longus in
longus the posterior phalanges of digits metatarsophalangeal, the leg is equivalent to the
surface of the 2-5 proximal interphalangeal flexor digitorum profundus
tibia and distal interphalangeal m. of the arm
joints of digits 2-5; plantar
flexes the foot
flexor hallucis cuboid, lateral medial belly: flexes the medial plantar medial each tendon of insertion
brevis cuneiform, medial side of metatarsophalangeal joint nerve (lateral plantar a. contains a sesamoid bone
medial side of proximal phalanx of the great toe belly (Latin, hallex = great toe)
the first of the great toe; occasionally
metatarsal lateral belly: lateral receives
side of the innervation
proximal phalanx from the lateral
of the great toe plantar nerve)
flexor hallucis lower 2/3 of base of the distal flexes the tibial nerve fibular flexor hallucis longus is
longus the posterior phalanx of the great metatarsophalangeal and (peroneal) very important in the
surface of the toe proximal interphalangeal a. and "push off" part of the
fibula joints of the great toe; tibial a. normal gait (Latin, hallex
plantar flexes the foot = great toe)
gastrocnemius femur; medial dorsum of the flexes leg; plantar flexes tibial nerve sural aa. the calcaneal tendon of the
head: above calcaneus via the foot (from the gastrocnemius and soleus
the medial calcaneal popliteal is the thickest and
femoral (Achilles') tendon a.), strongest tendon in the
condyle; posterior body
lateral head: tibial a.
above the
lateral femoral
condyle
gemellus, inferior ischial obturator internus laterally rotates the femur nerve to the inferior gemellus is a Latin word
tuberosity tendon quadratus gluteal a. that means "little twin"
femoris m.
gemellus, superior ischial spine obturator internus laterally rotates the femur nerve to the inferior gemellus is a Latin word
tendon obturator gluteal a. that means "little twin"
internus m.
gluteus maximus posterior upper fibers: extends the thigh; laterally inferior gluteal superior gluteus maximus is a site
gluteal line, iliotibial tract; rotates the femur nerve and of intramuscular injection
posterior lowermost fibers: inferior
surface of gluteal tuberosity gluteal aa.
sacrum and of the femur
coccyx,
sacrotuberous
ligament
gluteus medius external greater trochanter abducts the femur; superior gluteal superior the angle at which the
surface of the of the femur medially rotates the thigh nerve gluteal a. gluteus medius tendon
ilium between approaches the greater
the posterior trochanter of the femur is
and anterior anterior to the axis of
gluteal lines rotation of the thigh,
resulting in medial rotation
gluteus minimus external greater trochanter abducts the femur; superior gluteal superior the angle at which the
surface of the of the femur medially rotates the thigh nerve gluteal a. gluteus minimus tendon
ilium between approaches the greater
the anterior trochanter of the femur is
and inferior anterior to the axis of
gluteal lines rotation of the thigh,
resulting in medial rotation
gracilis pubic medial surface of adducts the thigh, flexes anterior obturator the pes anserinus is the
symphysis and the tibia (via pes and medially rotates the division of the a. common insertion of the
the inferior anserinus) thigh, flexes the leg obturator nerve gracilis, sartorius, and
pubic ramus semitendinosus mm.
(Latin, pes anserinus =
goose's foot; gracilis =
slender)
iliacus iliac fossa and lesser trochanter of flexes the thigh; if the femoral nerve iliolumbar inserts in company with
iliac crest; ala the femur thigh is fixed it flexes the a. the psoas major m. via the
of sacrum pelvis on the thigh iliopsoas tendon
iliopsoas iliac fossa; lesser trochanter of flexes the thigh; flexes branches of the iliolumbar a combination of the
bodies and the femur and laterally bends the ventral primary a. iliacus and psoas major
transverse lumbar vertebral column rami of spinal mm.
processes of nerves L2-L4;
lumbar branches of the
vertebrae femoral nerve
inferior gemellus ischial obturator internus laterally rotates the femur nerve to the inferior Latin, gemellus = little
tuberosity tendon quadratus gluteal a. twin
femoris m.
interosseous, shafts of bases of the abduct digits 2-4 (move deep branch of dorsal four in number; remember
dorsal (foot) adjacent proximal phalanges these digits away from the lateral metatarsal DAB (Dorsal interossei
metatarsal for digit 2 (both midline as defined by a plantar nerve aa. ABduct) and PAD (Plantar
bones sides) & digits 3,4 plane passing through the interossei ADduct), then
(lateral side) 2nd digit); flex the logic can tell you where
metatarsophalangeal joints these muscles insert
and extend the (Latin, inter = between +
interphalangeal joints of os = bone)
those digits
interosseous, base and bases of proximal adduct digits 3-5 (move deep branch of plantar remember PAD (Plantar
plantar medial side of phalanges and these digits toward the the lateral metatarsal interossei ADduct) and
metatarsals 3-5 extensor midline of the foot as plantar nerve aa. DAB (Dorsal interossei
expansions of digits defined by a plane through ABduct), and logic will
3-5 the second digit); flex the tell you where these
metacarpophalangeal and muscles must insert (Latin,
extend interphalangeal inter = between + os =
joints of digits 3-5 bone)
lumbricals (foot) tendons of the medial side of the flex the medial (1st) medial and the lumbricals of the foot
flexor extensor expansion metatarsophalangeal joint, lumbrical: lateral have the same action on
digitorum of digits 2-5 extend the proximal medial plantar plantar aa. the toes that the lumbricals
longus interphalangeal & distal nerve; lateral in the hand have on the
interphalangeal joints of three fingers (Latin, lumbricus =
digits 2-5 lumbricals: earthworm)
lateral plantar
nerve
obturator externus the external trochanteric fossa laterally rotates the thigh obturator nerve obturator the tendon of the obturator
surface of the of the femur a. externus m. passes inferior
obturator to the neck of the femur to
membrane and reach its insertion site
the superior
and inferior
pubic rami
obturator internus the internal greater trochanter laterally rotates and nerve to the obturator the obturator internus m.
surface of the on its medial abducts the thigh obturator a. leaves the pelvis by
obturator surface above the internus m. passing through the lesser
membrane and trochanteric fossa sciatic foramen; the
margin of the superior and inferior
obturator gemellus mm. insert on the
foramen obturator internus tendon
pectineus pecten of the pectineal line of the adducts, flexes, and femoral nerve medial pectineus often has a dual
pubis femur medially rotates the thigh and possibly femoral innervation
the anterior circumflex
division of the a.
obturator nerve
peroneus mm. peroneus is the old
(SEE fibularis terminology used for the
mm.) fibularis mm.
piriformis anterior upper border of laterally rotates and ventral rami of piriformis leaves the pelvis
surface of greater trochanter abducts thigh S1-S2 by passing through the
sacrum of femur greater sciatic foramen
plantar base and bases of proximal adduct digits 3-5 (move deep branch of plantar remember PAD (Plantar
interosseous medial side of phalanges and these digits toward the the lateral metatarsal interossei ADduct) and
metatarsals 3-5 extensor midline of the foot as plantar nerve aa. DAB (Dorsal interossei
expansions of digits defined by the second ABduct), and logic will
3-5 digit),flex tell you where these
metatarsophalangeal and muscles must insert (Latin,
extend interphalangeal inter = between + os =
joints of digits 3-5 bone)
plantaris above the dorsum of the flexes the leg; plantar tibial nerve popliteal a. plantaris has a long slender
lateral femoral calcaneus medial to flexes the foot tendon that is equivalent to
condyle the calcaneal the tendon of the palmaris
(above the tendon longus m. of the arm; its
lateral head of tendon is often called the
gastrocnemius) "freshman nerve" because
it is often misidentified by
the freshman medical
student
popliteus lateral condyle posterior surface of flexes and rotates the leg tibial nerve popliteal a. has a round tendon of
of the femur the tibia above medially (with the foot origin; popliteus unlocks
soleal line planted, it rotates the thigh the knee joint to initiate
laterally) flexion of the leg
psoas major bodies and lesser trochanter of flexes the thigh; flexes & branches of the subcostal the genitofemoral nerve
transverse femur (with iliacus) laterally bends the lumbar ventral primary a., lumbar pierces the anterior surface
processes of via iliopsoas tendon vertebral column rami of spinal aa. of the psoas major m.
lumbar nerves L2-L4 (Latin, psoas = the muscles
vertebrae of the loins)
psoas minor bodies of the iliopubic eminence flexes & laterally bends branches of the lumbar aa. absent in 40% of cases
T12 & L1 at the line of the lumbar vertebral ventral primary (Latin, psoas = the muscles
vertebrae junction of the column rams of spinal of the loins)
ilium and the nerves L1-L2
superior pubic
ramus
quadratus femoris lateral border quadrate line of the laterally rotates the thigh nerve to the inferior the nerve to the quadratus
of the ischial femur below the quadratus gluteal a. femoris m. also innervates
tuberosity intertrochanteric femoris m. the inferior gemellus m.
crest
quadratus plantae anterior tendons of the assists the flexor lateral plantar lateral the quadratus plantae m.
portion of the flexor digitorum digitorum longus in nerve plantar a. changes the line of force of
calcaneus and longus m. flexing the toes the flexor digitorum
the long longus m. to bring it in line
plantar with the long axis of the
ligament foot (Latin, quadratus =
square)
quadriceps anterior tibial tuberosity via extends the knee; rectus femoral nerve lateral composed of 4 muscles:
femoris surface of the the patellar femoris flexes the thigh circumflex rectus femoris, vastus
femur and the ligament femoral a., lateralis, vastus
anterior side of deep intermedius and vastus
the medial and femoral a. medialis
lateral
intermuscular
septa
rectus femoris straight head: patella and tibial extends the leg, flexes the femoral nerve lateral rectus femoris is part of
anterior tuberosity (via the thigh circumflex the quadriceps femoris
inferior iliac patellar ligament) femoral a. muscle
spine;
reflected head:
above the
superior rim of
the acetabulum
sartorius anterior medial surface of flexes, abducts and femoral nerve lateral its actions put the lower
superior iliac the tibia (pes laterally rotates the thigh; femoral limb in the traditional
spine anserinus) flexes leg circumflex cross-legged seated
a., position of a tailor (Latin,
sartorius = tailor)
saphenous
a.
semimembranosus upper, outer medial condyle of extends the thigh, flexes tibial nerve perforating one of the "hamstring"
surface of the the tibia the leg branches muscles
ischial of the deep
tuberosity femoral a.
semitendinosus lower, medial medial surface of extends the thigh, flexes tibial nerve perforating pes anserinus is the
surface of tibia (via pes the leg branches common insertion for the
ischial anserinus) of the deep gracilis, sartorius, and
tuberosity femoral a. semitendinosus mm.
(common
tendon with
biceps femoris
m.)
soleus posterior dorsum of the plantar flexes the foot tibial nerve posterior soleus and the 2 heads of
surface of head calcaneus via the tibial a. gastrocnemius are
and upper calcaneal sometimes called the
shaft of the (Achilles') tendon triceps surae muscle
fibula, soleal
line of the tibia
superior gemellus ischial spine obturator internus laterally rotates the femur nerve to the inferior Latin, gemellus = little
tendon obturator gluteal a. twin
internus m.
tensor fasciae anterior part of iliotibial tract flexes, abducts, and superior gluteal superior tensor fascia latae redirects
latae the iliac crest, medially rotates the thigh nerve gluteal a. the rotational forces of the
anterior gluteus maximus m.
superior iliac
spine
tibialis anterior lateral tibial medial surface of dorsiflexes and inverts the deep fibular anterior acts as both an antagonist
condyle and the medial foot (peroneal) tibial a. (dorsiflexion/plantar
the upper cuneiform and the nerve flexion) and a synergist
lateral surface 1st metatarsal (inversion) of the tibialis
of the tibia posterior m.
tibialis posterior interosseous tuberosity of the plantar flexes the foot; tibial nerve fibular acts as both an antagonist
membrane, navicular and inverts the foot (peroneal) (dorsiflexion/plantar
posteromedial medial cuneiform, a. and flexion) and a synergist
surface of the metatarsals 2-4 tibial a. (inversion) of the tibialis
fibula, anterior m.
posterolateral
surface of the
tibia
vastus intermedius anterior and patella extends the leg femoral nerve lateral vastus intermedius is part
lateral surface femoral of the quadriceps femoris
of the femur circumflex muscle (Latin, vastus =
a. huge)
vastus lateralis lateral patella and medial extends leg femoral nerve lateral vastus lateralis is part of
intermuscular patellar femoral the quadriceps femoris
septum, lateral retinaculum circumflex muscle (Latin, vastus =
lip of the linea a., huge)
aspera and the perforating
gluteal branches
tuberosity of the deep
femoral a.
vastus medialis medial patella and medial extends leg femoral nerve lateral vastus medialis is part of
intermuscular patellar femoral the quadriceps femoris
septum, medial retinaculum circumflex muscle (Latin, vastus =
lip of the linea a. huge)
aspera
The material presented in these tables is contained in the book: The excellent editorial assistance of
MedCharts Anatomy by Thomas R. Gest & Jaye Schlesinger Dr. Pat Tank, UAMS
Published by ILOC, Inc., New York is gratefully acknowledged.
Copyright © 1995, unauthorized use prohibited.
Copyright© 2000 The University of Michigan. Unauthorized use prohibited. Return to Bluelink

Univ of Michigan - Gross Anatomy - Muscles Tables

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Univ of Michigan - Gross Anatomy - Muscles Tables

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10/19/22, 5:55 PM Univ of Michigan - Gross Anatomy - Muscles Tables

Medical Gross Anatomy

Anatomy Tables - Muscles

Muscles of the Back Region - Listed Alphabetically

Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery Notes Image

Muscles of the Upper Limb - Listed Alphabetically

Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery Notes Image

Muscles of the Head and Neck - Listed Alphabetically

Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery Notes Image

Muscles of the Thoracic Region - Listed Alphabetically

Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery Notes Image

Muscles of the Abdominal Region - Listed Alphabetically

Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery Notes Image

Muscles of the Pelvis and Perineum - Listed Alphabetically

Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery Notes Image

Muscles of the Lower Limb - Listed Alphabetically

Muscle Origin Insertion Action Innervation Artery Notes Image

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