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Oliver Yang
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ABO Blood Typing Lab
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Biology 4B
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Group members: Harri, Tracey, Emily, Arvind
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Introduction: The purpose of this experiment is to identify the individual blood
types. Based on the antigen/antibody reaction, we will be able to determine the
individual blood types. Through using the Anti-‐A, Anti-‐B, and Anti-‐Rh Serums, we
will be able to ascertain the specific blood types of each individual.

Hypothesis: Based on the antigen/antibody specific reaction, we can determine the
ABO and Rh blood types using specific antiserum. This is due to the fact that if an A
Antigen comes into contact with an Anti A Antibody, the blood will have a physical
reaction. If a B Antigen comes into contact with an Anti B Antibody, the blood will
also seem to condense in texture.
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Materials:
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1) Four different simulated sample blood types (provided by Ward’s
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Simulated Blood)
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2) Simulated Anti-‐A Serum (Provided by Ward’s Natural Science)
3) Simulated Anti-‐B Serum (Provided by Ward’s Natural Science)
4) Simulated Anti-‐Rh Serum (Provided by Ward’s Natural Science)
5) Four Blood Typing slides (Provided by Ward’s Natural Science)
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6) Compound Microscope
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7) Microscope slide
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8) Cover slip
9) Twelve Toothpicks

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Procedure:
Part 1:
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1) Label each different simulated Blood type a name, consisting of Mr. Smith,
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Mr. Jones, Mr. Green, and Ms. Brown.

2) On Slide #1, place 3-‐4 drops of Mr. Smith’s blood in the A, B, and O wells
3) On Slide #2, place 3-‐4 drops of Mr. Jones’ blood in the A, B, and O wells
4) On Slide #3, place 3-‐4 drops of Mr. Green’s blood in the A, B, and O wells
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5) On Slide #4, place 3-‐4 drops of Ms. Brown’s blood in the A, B, and O wells
6) On each of the four slides, drop 3-‐4 drops of Anti-‐A Serum in each of the A
wells located on each slide.
7) On each of the four slides, drop 3-‐4 drops of Anti-‐B Serum in each of the B
wells located on each slide
8) On each of the four slides, drop 3-‐4 drops of Anti-‐Rh Serum in each of the
Rh wells located on each slide
9) Use three toothpicks per slide, one toothpick per well. Maintain
cleanliness of each toothpick by using one for EACH well.
10) Using the toothpicks, stir each well for 30 seconds
11)Observe the changes in each well after stirring each for 30 seconds.

Part 2:
1) Shake one of the vials of simulated blood.
2) Take one microscope slide and add one drop of simulated blood onto the
slide.
3) Cover the slide with a cover slip, try to not get any air bubbles
underneath the cover slip.
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4) Using 10x magnification, find an area in which there is an even
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distribution of cells (small spheres)
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5) After locating one area, switch to 40x magnification and count the
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number of red blood cells (red spheres) in the area, and also the number
of white blood cells (blue spheres) in the area. Record these numbers
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6) Repeat Step 5 for a different area, record in a different table
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7) Repeat Step 5 for another different area, record in a different table
8) Calculate the average and number of red and white blood cells per cubic
millimeter
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Data:

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Table 1 (Part 1):

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Anti-‐A Anti-‐B Serum Anti-‐Rh Blood Type

Serum Serum
Slide #1 Mr. Reaction No Reaction Reaction Type A
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Smith (Type A) (positive) Positive

Slide #2 Mr. No Reaction Reaction No Reaction Type B
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Jones (Type B) (negative) Negative

Slide #3 Mr. Reaction No reaction Reaction Type A
Green (Type A) (Positive) Positive
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Slide #4 Ms. No Reaction No Reaction No Reaction Type 0

Brown


Table 2 (Part 2):
Blood Cell Count Total Average Dilution Total no. blood

Cell 1 2 3 number Number Factor cells per mm3
Type of Cells cells (Avg. no. cells x
(total/3) dilution factor)
Red 300 321 302 923 308 150,000 46,200,000
White 7 8 7 22 7 5,000 35,000

Blood sample: Jones
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Picture #1: Dropping specific blood types into slides

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Picture #2: Stirring the slides that contain specific blood types

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Picture #3: Applying the antiserum to each of the blood types in their specific wells
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Picture #4: Looking through the microscope to count cells

Conclusion:
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Through part 1 of this experiment we can conclude that Mr. Smith’s and Mr.
Green’s blood type is Type A Positive. Mr. Jones has Type B Negative blood. Ms.
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Brown has Type O blood. All of these conclusions were reached by using specific
antiserums with specific blood samples. In the case of Mr. Jones, we were able to
notice a physical reaction after we placed 3-‐4 drops of antiserum into the B well and
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stirring it. This was also apparent for Mr. Smith and Mr. Green, but only in the A
wells. Ms. Brown had no reaction in any of the wells. The purpose of knowing this
process is key to the evaluation of finding if someone is able to follow through a
blood transfusion.
Through part 2 of this experiment we are able to conclude that Mr. Jones’
blood has an average number of 308 red blood cells and 7 white blood cells in each
quadrant. We were also able to calculate the total number of blood per cubic
millimeter. The purpose of doing this kind of experiment is to help determine if
someone has a blood-‐related disease, like anemia.

Evaluation:
Although this experiment did give out plausible data, some factors have to be
accounted for. While stirring with the toothpick I found myself pushing too hard on
the slide. This created a lot of splattering, which may have caused some blood to go
into other wells in its vicinity, causing some of our data to be off. Looking to improve
this fault, I would suggest using a shaker machine. This would halt human error to a
stop and also prevent splattering from occurring. Another weakness I possibly made
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during the course of the experiment was during the counting of red blood cells and
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white blood cells. Due to trying to finish in time, I might have skipped a couple of red
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blood cells. If we were to do this experiment again, I would make sure to take my
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time when counting.
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Mr. Jones, Mr. Green, and Ms. Brown.

Table 1 (Part 1):

Anti-‐A Anti-‐B Serum Anti-‐Rh Blood Type

Smith (Type A) (positive) Positive

Jones (Type B) (negative) Negative

Slide #4 Ms. No Reaction No Reaction No Reaction Type 0

Blood Cell Count Total Average Dilution Total no. blood

Blood sample: Jones

Picture #1: Dropping specific blood types into slides

Picture #4: Looking through the microscope to count cells

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Mr. Jones, Mr. Green, and Ms. Brown.

Table 1 (Part 1):

Anti-­‐A Anti-­‐B Serum Anti-­‐Rh Blood Type

Smith (Type A) (positive) Positive

Jones (Type B) (negative) Negative

Slide #4 Ms. No Reaction No Reaction No Reaction Type 0

Blood Cell Count Total Average Dilution Total no. blood

Blood sample: Jones

Picture #1: Dropping specific blood types into slides

Picture #4: Looking through the microscope to count cells

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Anti-‐A Anti-‐B Serum Anti-‐Rh Blood Type