MARKING SCHEME

Academic Year : 2023 – 2024

Examination : HALF-YEARLY
Month :
AUGUST 2023
Class : 10
Maximum Marks : 80
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BIOLOGY

SCIENCE PAPER - 3
(Two hours)

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Section A is compulsory. Attempt any four questions from Section B.
The intended marks for questions or parts of questions are given in brackets [].
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SECTION A
(Attempt all questions from this Section.)

Question 1

Select the correct answers to the questions from the given options. [1x15=15]
(Do not copy the question, write the correct answer only):

(i) Loop of Henle lies in:

(a) Ureter
(b) Renal cortex
(c) Pelvis
(d) Renal medulla

(ii) The full complement of DNA of an organism:

(a) Chromosome
(b) Gene
(c) Genome
(d) Nucleotide

(iii) The chromatids of two homologous chromosomes that show crossing over:

(a) Sister chromatid

(b) Homologous chromatid

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 (c) Non sister chromatid
(d) Central chromatid

(iv) Haploid number of chromosomes are found in:

(a) Nephron
(b) Neuron
(c) Skin cells
(d) Ovum

(v) The heart sound ‘Dup’ is produced when:

(a) Semilunar valves open

(b) Semilunar valves close
(c) Atrio ventricular valves close
(d) Atrio ventricular valves open

(vi) Assertion (A): A shoot from a balsam plant is kept in a beaker containing eosin
Solution(pink). The pink colour will be seen in the xylem.
Reason (R): Xylem helps in transportation of food in plants.

(a) Both A and R are true

(b) Both A and R are false
(c) A is true and R is false
(d) A is false and R is true

(vii) Oxygenated blood to liver is supplied by:

(a) Hepatic artery

(b) Hepatic vein
(c) Inferior venacava
(d) Hepatic portal vein

(viii) Triple hydrogen bond is present between:

(a) A and G
(b) T and G
(c) T and A
(d) G and C

(ix) Cuticle on leaves:

(a) Prevents photosynthesis

(b) Protect leaves from grazing animals
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 (c) Reduces transpiration
(d) Give colour to leaves

(x) The sex chromosome in a human sperm is:

(a) X chromosome
(b) Y chromosome
(c) Both X and Y chromosomes
(d) Either X or Y chromosome

(xi) In Monohybrid cross between two heterozygous individuals, percentage of

Pure homozygous individuals obtained in F1 generation will be:

(a) 25%
(b) 50%
(c) 75%
(d) 100%

(xii) Meiosis and mitosis differ from each other because meiosis is:

(a) Number of chromosomes gets halved

(b) Diploid chromosomes are retained
(c) Equational division
(d) All of the above

(xiii) The blood group O is considered as universal donor. Which of the following
Reason/ reasons is/are correct?

P. Absence of antigens on RBC

Q. Presence of antigens in plasma
R. Both antibody A and antibody B present in plasma

(a) Only P
(b) Only Q
(c) Only P and R
(d) Only Q and R

(xiv) Law of Dominance:

(a) Out of a pair of contrasting characters present together, only one

is able to express itself while the other remains suppressed.
(b) Out of a pair of similar characters present together, only one
is able to express itself while the other remains suppressed
(c) Out of a pair of contrasting characters present together,
both are able to express itself
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 (d) Out of a pair of contrasting characters present together,
only one is able to express itself

(xv) Asters are located:

1. Around the centrioles in plant cells

2. Around the centrioles in animal cells
3. Around the chromatids in animal cells
4. Around the chromatids in plant cells

(a) Only 2
(b) Only 1 and 2
(c) Only 1, 3 and 4
(d) Only 1, 2 and 3

Question 2

(i) Name the following: [1x5=5]

(a) The process of uptake of mineral ions against the concentration

gradient using energy from cell. Active transport

(b) The X-shaped structure formed due to crossing over between the
paired homologous chromosomes. Chiasma

(c) The process of transformation of several glucose molecules to produce

one molecule of starch. Polymerisation

(d) Abnormal increase in number of RBCs. Polycythaemia

(e) The regulation of osmotic pressure of the blood. Osmoregulation

(ii) Arrange and rewrite the terms in each group in the correct order so as to be in a [1x5=5]
logical sequence beginning with the term that is underlined.
(a) Right ventricle, Aorta, Vena cava, Lungs, Left atrium
Vena cava, Right ventricle, Lungs, Left atrium, Aorta

(b) Fibrin, Thrombin, Fibrinogen, Thrombus, Prothrombin

Prothrombin, Thrombin, Fibrinogen, fibrin, Thrombus

(c) Renal cortex, Urinary bladder, Renal medulla, Ureter, Urethra

Renal cortex, Renal, medulla, Ureter, Urinary bladder, Urethra

(d) Chromosome, DNA, Chromatin fibre, Nucleosome, Histones

DNA, Histones, Nucleosome, Chromatin fibre, Chromosome
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 (e) Nucleolus, Cytoplasm, Cell wall, Nuclear membrane, Cell membrane
Cell wall, cell membrane, Cytoplasm, Nuclear membrane, Nucleolus

(iii) Fill in the blanks with suitable words: [1x5=5]

To test a leaf for starch, the leaf is boiled in (a) Water to kill the cells. It is then
boiled in (b)Methylated spirit to remove chlorophyll. The leaf is dipped in warm water
to soften it. It is placed in a petri-dish, and (c) Iodine solution is added. The
region of the leaf which contains starch, turns (d)Blue-black and the region
which does not contain starch turns (e) Brown/ yellowish brown

(iv) Choose the odd one out from the following terms and name the category to which [5]

the others belong:

(a) Neutrophil, Monocyte, Thrombocyte, Lymphocyte

Odd: Thrombocyte
Category: Other are all types of leucocyte

(b) RBC, WBC, AB, Platelets

Odd: AB
Category: Others are cellular components of blood

(c) Prophase, Photolysis, Anaphase, Cytokinesis

Odd: Photolysis
Category: Others are phases of Mitosis

(d) Tall plant, Terminal flower, Inflated pod, Round seed

Odd: Terminal flower

Category: Others are dominant traits in pea plants

(e) Hydathodes, Stomata, Cuticle, Lenticel

Odd: Hydathodes
Category: Others are structures present in plants causing transpiration

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 (v) Match the items given in Column I with the most appropriate ones in Column II and [5]
rewrite the correct matching pairs.
Column I Column II
(a) Pulmonary vein 6. Oxygenated blood
(b) Photosynthesis 5. Glucose
(c) Haematuria 7. Blood in urine
(d) Myocardial infarction 2. Heart attack
(e) Transpiration 4. Cobalt chloride
SECTION B
(Attempt any four questions from this Section.)

Question 3

(i) Define – Mutation. [1]

Mutation is the sudden change in one or more genes, or in number or in the

Structure of chromosomes which is passed on to the progeny.

(ii) Name the substance that initiates blood clotting. [1+1=2]

What is the mineral element essential to form a blood clot?
Thrombokinase/ thromboplastin. Calcium

(iii) What is the function of Pacemaker? Give the exact location of [1+1=2]
Pacemaker.
Pacemaker initiates the impulse which starts the heart beat.
SAN is present near the opening of superior vena cava in the right atrial wall

(iv) Draw a neat, labelled diagram of a Malpighian Capsule. [2]

Correct diagram – 1 mark

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 Any two labels (0.5+0.5=1)

(v) The figure below represents an experiment performed to demonstrate [3]

certain phenomenon in plants.
The setup was kept in bright sunlight for about two hours:

(a) What is the aim of the experiment? (1)

An experiment to demonstrate the process of transpiration in the form of

water vapours from the aerial parts of the plant.

(b) What do you observe in the above experiment as an evidence

of the process stated in (a)? (1)
Droplets of water appears on the inner side of the bag due to condensation of
water vapours

(c) Suggest the suitable control of the experiment.

A similar empty polythene bag with mouth tied and kept in sunlight will show no
drops of water

Question 4

(i) Define – Plasmolysis. [1]

The contraction of cytoplasm and the cell membrane from the cell wall due to the
withdrawal of water from cell when placed in hypertonic solution

(ii) A pure breeding yellow coloured seed of pea plant (YY) is crossed with [2]
pure breeding green coloured seed variety of pea plant (yy).
Draw a punnet square to find out the Phenotypic and Genotypic ratios of the
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 Progeny belonging to the F2 generation.

Phenotypic ratio – 3:1

Genotypic ratio - 1:2:1

Correct Punnet square (1)

For ratios : 0.5+0.5

(iii) Differentiate between leukemia and leukopenia. [2]

Leukemia is a cancer of tissue forming leucocytes , abnormal increases in
numbers of leucocytes at the cost of erythrocytes
Leukopenia is the abnormal decrease in the number of leucocytes

(iv) What is the contraction phase of auricles called? Name the two valves [2]
that opens during this phase.
Atrial systole (1)
Tricuspid valve and Bicuspid valve (0.5+0.5)

(v) Draw a neat, labelled diagrams showing the cross sections of an [3]
Artery and a Vein.

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 For correct diagrams (1)
For any two labels in each artery (0.5+0.5) and vein (0.5+0.5)

Question 5

(i) Explain the term – Excretion. [1]

Excretion is the removal of harmful and unwanted nitrogenous waste
products from the body

(ii) Mention any two functions of blood. [2]

Transport of nutrients
Transport of oxygen
Transport of carbon dioxide
Transport of excretory materials
Transport of hormones
Distribution of heat.
Protection
( any two points 1+1)

(iii) Weeds can be killed by applying salt on the soil they grow. Give biological reasons. [2]
Weeds are killed by sprinkling salt in the soil where they grow, as the roots lose water this
process is known as exosmosis.
When salt is absorbed by plant root systems, the water balance is disrupted, causing the
weed to wilt and die

(iv) Give the location of pericardial fluid. What is its function? [2]
This fluid is present in membranous covering of heart called pericardium
It is the lubricating fluid which reduces the friction during heart beat and protects
From mechanical energy
(v) The diagram given below is the longitudinal section of a human kidney.
Study the diagram and answer the questions that follow:

(a) Label the parts 3 and 4. (0.5+0.5)

3- Renal pelvis
4- Ureter

(b) Why does part 1 have dotted appearance and part 2 have striped
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 appearance? (0.5+0.5)
1- The presence of Bowman’s capsule and the proximal convoluted tubule lie in
the cortex giving it a dotted appearance
2. Henle’s loop and collecting duct lie in the medulla giving it a striped appearance

(c) What is the fluid that passes down part 4? (0.5+0.5)

Name the main nitrogenous waste present in it.
Urine
Urea

Question 6

(i) Give the exact location of pulmonary semilunar valve. [1]

Located at the opening of the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery

(ii) Differentiate between coronary artery and renal artery (function). [2]

Coronary arteries supply oxygenated blood to the heart muscles

Renal arteries supply oxygenated blood to the kidneys

(iii) Mention two significant features of stage Anaphase during Mitosis. [2]

1. Centromere attaching the two chromatids divides

2. The two sister chromatids of each chromosome separate and are drawn
apart towards opposite poles pulled by shortening of spindle fibres

(iv) Colour blindness is generally seen in males. Explain with suitable reasons. [2]

Colour blindness is due to recessive genes present on X chromosome

Males only have a single X chromosome and if recessive gene present on this X
chromosome the males suffer from the defect and
Females generally are the carrier as they have two X chromosomes

(v) Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow: [3]

(a) Name the cells labelled 1 and 2. (0.5+0.5)

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 1. Erythrocyte/ Red Blood Cell
2. Leucocyte/ White Blood Cell

(b) Identify the phenomena occurring in A and B.(0.5 + 0.5)

Diapedesis
Phagocytosis

(c) Mention the structural difference between part labelled 1 and 2. (1)

1. Biconcave/ disc/ circular shape or Nucleus absent

2. Ameboid shape or Nucleus present

Question 7

(i) What is the scientific name of pea plant? [1]

Pisum sativum

(ii) State two differences between afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole. [2]

1. Afferent arteriole is wider and Efferent arteriole is narrow

2. Afferent arteriole enters forms glomerulus and efferent arteriole emerge from
glomerulus

(iii) Explain two external factors affecting the rate of transpiration. (1+1)

1. Intensity of sunlight
2. Temperature
3. Velocity of wind
4. Humidity
5. Carbon dioxide
6 Atmospheric pressure
( Explanation of any two points)

(iv) What is the significance of hepatic portal system? (0.5x4=2)

The food absorbed by the stomach and intestine is first brought to the liver
by hepatic portal vein
Liver acts like the store to regulate the quantity of nutrients

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 Detoxification of certain poisons which are absorbed by food
Deamination conversion of amino acid to urea and glucoase
Glycogenesis Excess sugar is stored as glycogen in liver

(v) Study the diagram given below and answer the questions that follow: [3]

(a) Identify the structure shown above. Name the physiological process

that takes place in it. (0.5+0.5)

Chloroplast
Photosynthesis

(b) Which phase of mentioned physiological process takes place in part

labelled 2 and 3. (0.5+0.5)

2- Light independent phase/ Biosynthetic phase

3- Light dependent phase/ Photochemical phase

(c) Name the parts marked 1, 2, 3 and 4. (0.25x4=1)

1. Double membrane/ outer memebrane

2. Stroma
3. Thylakoid
4. Granum/ Grana

Question 8

(i) Define- Blood pressure. [1]

Blood pressure is the pressure which the blood flowing through the arteries
exert on their walls

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 (ii) State two functions of spleen. (1+1) [2]

1. Produces lymphocytes
2. It acts like a blood reservoir
3. It destroys worn out red blood cells
4. In embryo spleen produces erythrocytes (any two points)

(iii) Mention one function each for – Lymphocytes and Neutrophils.(1+1) [2]

Lymphocytes produces antibodies/ antitoxins

Neutrophils engulf bacteria’s/ phagocytosis

(iv) The mature mammalian erythrocytes are devoid of nucleus. [2]

Explain with suitable reasons. (0.5x4=2)

Loss of nucleus makes the erythrocytes cells biconcave

Thus increasing the surface area volume ratio for more absorption of oxygen
Space in between increases
More RBCs can be accommodated in the same space

(v) A homozygous dominant tall pea plant bearing red flower (TTRR) is crossed [3]

With a homozygous recessive dwarf pea plant bearing white flower (ttrr):

(a) What is the phenotype and genotype of F1 generation? (0.5+0.5)

Phenotype: Tall and red flower

Genotype: TtRr

(b) Mention the phenotypic ratio of F2 generation. (1)

9:3:3:1

(c) State Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment. (1)

When there are two pairs of characters, the distribution of the alleles
of one character into the gametes is independent of the distribution of the
alleles of the other character

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