A Policy Proposal For Educational Support Among Secondary Students in Barangay Pagaspas

TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE
School of Liberal Arts
A POLICY PROPOSAL FOR EDUCATIONAL SUPPORT AMONG i

SECONDARY STUDENTS IN BARANGAY PAGASPAS
A Policy Paper Presented to

the Faculty of the School of Liberal Arts
Tanauan City College
In Partial Fulfillment of the

Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Public Administration
By
Beronilla Jr, David B.
Legaspi, Nathaniel M.
Mueco, Dorilyn M.
June 2022
Approval Sheet
ii
This thesis hereto is entitled:

A POLICY PROPOSAL FOR EDUCATIONAL SUPPORT AMONG
SECONDARY STUDENTS IN BARANGAY PAGASPAS
prepared and submitted by Beronilla Jr, David N., Legaspi, Nathaniel

M., and Mueco, Dorilyn M. in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree
of Bachelor of Public Administration has been examined and recommended for
acceptance and approval for Oral Examination
Sherwin M. Rimas
Adviser
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Approved by the Committee on Oral Examination with a grade of ______
Andrew M. Trinidad II, MPA

Chairman
Regina G. Almonte, PhD Imelda P. Magpantay, LPT, PhD

Member Member
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

Bachelor of Public Administration
CARLO R. MALIZON, LPT, MPA JOEVELL P. JOVELLANO, EDL, CSAS

Program Head Vice-President Academic Affairs
iii
Certificate of Grammar Editing
This certifies that thesis entitled “A policy proposal for educational support
among secondary students in Barangay Pagaspas” conducted by, David N.
Beronilla Jr., Nathaniel M. Legaspi, Dorilyn M. Mueco which research design was
quantitative, has been subjected to Grammar Editing at Tanauan City College by
the undersigned.
Angelic C. Cordova, LPT, MAED
Language Editor
iv
Certificate of Quantitative Data Treatment
This certifies that thesis entitled “A policy proposal for educational support
among secondary students in Barangay Pagaspas” conducted by, David N.
Beronilla Jr, Nathaniel M. Legaspi, Dorilyn M. Mueco which research design was
quantitative, has undergone Quantitative Data Treatment Random Sampling
Technique at Tanauan City College by the undersigned.
Marvelino M. Niem
Statistician
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
v
Immeasurable appreciation and deepest gratitude for the help and support
are extended to the following persons who have contributed to make this study
possible:
Mr. Carlo R. Malizon, LPT, MPA, researchers' instructor in Research

Methods in PA for helping the researchers to formulate research title and guiding
them to finish research proposal.
Mr. Sherwin M. Rimas, the researchers' adviser, and instructor for his
painstaking effort and generously giving his valuable advice, guidance, and
supervision to accomplish this study.
Mrs. Angelic C. Cordova, LPT, MAED for giving her time and expertise
in correcting the grammar of the study.
Mr. Marvelino M. Niem, for his expertise and valuable knowledge in

statistical treatment of this study.
Students, Parents, Teachers and DepEd Tanauan City Division Office

who served as the respondents for the time and effort they gave to the
researchers to accommodate and participate in the conduct of the study
The respected panelists, Andrew Trinidad, MPA, Regina G. Almonte,

PhD, Imelda P. Magpantay, LPT, PhD for giving advice and suggestions for the
betterment and significance of this research.
DEDICATION
vi
This study is wholeheartedly dedicated to our beloved family who have

been there throughout this journey. They give us strength and inspiration when
we thought of giving up, whose continuously provide their moral, spiritual,
emotional and financial support.
To our relatives, mentor, friends, and classmates who's shared their time
and knowledge that brings advice and encouragement to finish this study.
And lastly, we dedicated this book to the almighty god, thank you for the
guidance, strength, power of mind, protection, skills and for giving us a healthy
life. All of these, we offer to you.
D.N.B Jr.
N.M.L.
D.M.M
ABSTRACT
vii
Title: A POLICY PROPOSAL FOR EDUCATIONAL SUPPORT

AMONG SECONDARY STUDENTS IN BARANGAY
PAGASPAS
Researchers: David N. Beronilla Jr.
Nathaniel M.Legaspi
Dorilyn M. Mueco
Degree: Bachelor of Public Administration
School: Tanauan City College
Year: 2022
Adviser: Mr. Sherwin M. Rimas
No. of pages: 89
The aims of the study are to recommend policy that can be adopted by
the barangay Pagaspas which can help them to improve the education of the
secondary students. The study has been carried out among the secondary
students belonging to the academic year 2021-2022. The struggles we are facing
now have a big impact in the Philippines especially in the Secondary students
having a limited resource to support online learning. Internet and gadgets plays
a crucial role to the community by increasing people’s quality of life because it
helps every individual to communicate all over the world. Some students are
having a hard time to adjust the new normal situation as well as the new way of
learning because of this pandemic.
The internet connection plays a significant role in student-centered learning

and student-centered learning approaches, as it allows them to have a more self-
directed approach to education. Proposing a free internet access will give a better
solution to resource base provides more efficient transmission of information to viii

every user at a low cost; empowers collaborative efforts in research resources,
computing, and communication networks; improves cooperation and interaction
between and among academic researchers; and takes a leadership role in the
generation and dissemination of knowledge. To create a free internet connection
in Barangay Pagaspas with effective structure, services, information, and format
could aid in enhancing the internet's use in giving information access.
Furthermore, a recommendation for providing an accessible and functional
platform in order to provide free access to secondary students.
The study's main goal is to identify the issues and problems associated with
secondary students' difficulty in accessing internet services, which leads to
deciding how the proposed project will promote education with free internet
access. The demographic profile of the students, as well as the difficulty of internet
accessibility, were highlighted as inputs, as were the students' answers or
compliance. As a result of these efforts, policy recommendations, efficacy
assumptions, and student happiness are developed, all of which will eventually
assist Barangay Pagaspas in establishing and supporting education.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ix
PAGE
Title Page i
Approval Sheet ii
Grammarian’s Certificate iii
Certificate of Quantitative Data Treatment iv
Acknowledgement v
Dedication vi
Abstract vii
Table of Contents ix
List of Figures xii
List of Tables xiii
List of Appendices xiv
Chapter 1: AREAS OF CONSIDERATION AND SOURCE OF BACKGROUND
OF THE PROBLEM 1
Introduction 1
Locale of the study 3
Scope and severity of problem situation 5
Review of Related Literature and Studies 6
Synthesis of the Review of Literatures and Studies 11
Theoretical Framework 11
Research Paradigm 13
x
Conceptual Framework 14
Chapter 2: THE PROBLEM 15
Problem Statement 15
Cause and Effect Analysis 15
Fishbone Diagram 16
Goals and Objective 16
Evaluation of Major Stakeholders 17
Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY OF ANALYSIS 19
Respondents of survey 19
Research instrument 19
Research treatment 19
Research procedures 20
Data-Gathering 21
Time and place of the study 21
Results and Discussion 21
Chapter 4: ALTERNATIVE POLICY SOLUTIONS 25
The alternative policy solutions 25
Alternative Policy Solution 1 25


xi
Analysis of alternative policy solution 26
Interpretation 36
Chapter 5: POLICY RECOMMENDATION 46
The chosen Alternative Policy Solution 46
Synthesis 48
Recommendation 48
Conclusion 49
Chapter 6: SUMMARY OF THE CENTRAL KNOWLEDGE GAINED FROM
THE RESEARCH 56
Learning or knowledge acquired 56
Limitations and unanticipated consequences 56
REFERENCES 58
CURRICULUM VITAE 68
List of Figures
xii
Figure Pages
Figure 1 Location via Google Map of Barangay Pagaspas 4
Figure 2 Conceptual Framework 14
Figure 3 Fishbone Diagram 16
Figure 4 Flow chart 50

List of Tables
xiii
Table Pages
Table 1 Data information about the learners 5
Table 2 Income of Respondents 21
Table 3 Problems Encountered by the Secondary Students 22
Table 4 Problems Encountered by the Secondary Students 24
Table 5 Decision matrix 42
Table 6 Likert Scale 43
Table 7 Budget proposal 47
Table 8 Implementation plan of the proposed policy 51
Table 9 Action Plan 53

List of Appendices
xiv
Appendix Pages
A Sample survey questionnaire for the students 62
B Results and tally of the survey 63
C Total number of secondary Students 64
D Request letter to gather data of the total number of

secondary Students A.Y. 2021-2022 residing in
Barangay Pagaspas 65
E Request letter to conduct Pre-Investigation
Interview in the Barangay 66
F Request letter to conduct Pre-Investigation
Interview for Parents, Teachers and Students 67
Chapter 1
1
AREAS OF CONSIDERATION AND SOURCE OF BACKGROUND OF THE
PROBLEM
Introduction
Technology has advanced significantly, with online learning becoming one

of the options for continuing interaction between learners and instructors. The
struggles we are currently facing have a significant impact in the Philippines,
particularly in the education sector. Because of the pandemic, some students are
struggling to adjust to the new normal situation as well as the new way of
learning.
The current COVID-19 Pandemic, which has paralyzed most human

activities, has presented humanity with vast and unimaginable challenges.
Although we are already in the technological era, this virus provided a
devastating effect to all. Everyone suffered, and world leaders did their best to
contain the situation, and the world's brightest minds and most advanced
laboratories raced against the time to put an end to this ravaging curse of the
twentyfirst century. As a countermeasure to the spread of the COVID-19, most
educational systems around the world have shifted to remote learning. This
phenomenon caused numerous difficulties, particularly as expressed by students
in developing countries.
During school closures, all face-to-face lessons were cancelled, forcing

many institutions to immediately shift from face-to-face in-person learning to
entirely online lessons. The abrupt switch to fully online learning has been
particularly stressful for many instructors and students who prefer in-person
instruction. Online learning is often stigmatized as a weaker option that provides

2
a lower quality education than in-person face-to-face learning Shivangi D, (2020)
The Internet plays an important role in the students’ life by allowing them
to search for information, validate their schoolwork, conduct research,
communicate, and even entertain themselves. If these conditions are met,
especially when performing tasks, it will result in a sense of productivity because
it defines social, cognitive, and teachings presence as being essential to the
student learning experience, it is according to Garrison et al. (2015).
Due to COVID-19, education issues in the Philippines have increased

and received new challenges that worsened the current state of the country. With
the sudden events brought about by the health crisis, distance learning modes
via the internet or TV broadcasts were ordered. Further, a blended learning
program was launched in October 2020, which involves online classes, printouts,
and lessons broadcast on TV and social platforms. Thus, the new learning
pathways rely on students and teachers having access to the internet. In the new
normal the Department of Education (DEPED) here in the Philippines adapted to
online classes blended with modular learning as a setup in Formal Education.
The 1987 Philippine Constitution declares that education, particularly

basic education, is a right of every Filipino. On this basis, government education
policies and programs have been primarily geared toward providing access to
education for all. The Philippines is committed to the World Declaration on
Education for All (EFA) and the second goal of the Millennium Development
Goals (MDG) to achieve universal primary education by 2015.
The City Government takes pride in improving the quality of education from
pre-school to college level as one of the basic services provided to Tanauenos.
This project is all about providing the secondary students of Barangay Pagaspas
3
with the education they deserve. This project was inspired by the new normal
situation we are currently experiencing in our country.
The internet and gadgets play an important role in the community by

improving people's quality of life by allowing everyone to communicate with
people all over the world. Education in a particular field helps individuals in
thinking, feeling, and behaving in ways that contribute to their success and
improve not only their personal satisfaction but also their community. Aside from
that, education fosters human personality, thoughts, and interactions with others,
as well as preparing people for life experiences. Furthermore, it improves other
modes of communication and makes an individual a better user of technology,
as well as providing the technical skills required for using technology.
Locale of the study: Barangay Pagaspas Tanauan City
The study was conducted in Barangay Pagaspas in the City of

Tanauan, it has a population of 5,861 according to the 2020 Census. This
accounted for 3.02 percent of Tanauan's total population. The population of
Pagaspas grew from 1,638 in 1990 to 5,861 in 2020, an increase of 4,223 people
over the course of 30 years. The latest census figures in 2020 denote a positive
growth rate of 7.98%, or an increase of 1,791 people, from the previouspopulation
of 4,070 in 2015.
The respondents of this study were all the public secondary students in
the said barangay. According to the Senior Education Program Specialist of
Tanauan City School Division, this barangay has 293 public secondary students.
Figure 1
Location via Google Map of Barangay Pagaspas
Table 1
5
Data information about the learners who are residents of Barangay
Pagaspas
NAME OF Total Total Total Total Total Total TO
SCHOOL Number Number Numb Numb Num Numb TAL
of Grade of Grade er of er of ber er of
7 8 Grade Grade of Grad
9 10 Grad e 12
e 11
Pantay 2 2 2 2 0 2 10
Integrated
High
School
Tanauan 70 72 94 0 34 13 283
City
Integrated
High
School
GRAND TOTAL 293
Source: SDO DEPED Tanauan
Scope and Severity of Problem Situation
The researchers focused primarily on education in Barangay Pagaspas. It

was mainly concerned with the establishment of free Wi-Fi connections as a
result of the new normal situation that our country is currently experiencing. The
internet and gadgets play an important role in the community by improving
people's quality of life by allowing everyone to communicatewith people all over
the world. The study was conducted with secondary students who are enrolled
for the Academic Year 2021-2022, these students were all residents of
Barangay Pagaspas.
Due to the COVID 19 the internet is use frequently by the students as a

requirement tocomply in a blended learning transition (Education for Chemical

6
Engineers 2021). Some students are having a hard time to adjust the new
normal situation as well as the new way of learning because of this pandemic.
During this pandemic, Barangay Pagaspas was also struggling with

how their students could gain knowledge and learn in every module without
internet access, as they were also affected by the Covid-19. Students were
struggling to adjust to the new normal situation while under lockdown. Aside
from that, some students did not have internet access, which caused problems
for all learners. Barangay Pagaspas decided to develop an educational support
proposal for Secondary students.
Review of Related Literatures and Studies

This chapter contains the discussion of foreign and local related literature
and studies from which the explanation of the research evolves. This part
provided an overview of the literature that informs the research and that has
implications for the findings presented in the study.
Changes come our way over the years that really affect each of us, different
inventions and creations that bring advantages and disadvantages in terms of
living. However, the most useful invention ever made and used by the majority of
people worldwide is internet access. The existence of the aforementioned
inventions makes more things possible.
Foreign Literature
7
The development of Internet technologies has raised the education
level in all countries and it has changed the way students are being taught at
schools. That is why it is very important for the present generation that they
provide internet education for their young generations (Sharma, 2016). The
Internet is widely used by students in institutions of higher education to seek
relevant information and materials to complete their assignments or projects
(Nawawi, 2014). Students in institutions of higher learning should take advantage
of information available on the Internet in their coursework. The Internet is also
utilized for social and other non-academic functions.
On the other side of the coin, since everyone is affected, even the
educational system was temporarily put to a halt due to lockdown. This made
face-to-face learning impossible which hampered the educational pursuit of
students. All over the world, millions of students are affected and some already
gave up their status of being a student. And one of the biggest challenges to
address the problem regarding learning is the availability of technological gadgets
and internet connectivity. There were pieces of literature that supported the
argument of this study and saw the needs and challenges of internet connections
among students (Aboagye et al., 2021; Chase et al., 2018; Chung et al., 2020a;
Lorenzo, 2017).
However, there are some also that have a different perspective when it
comes to internet connectivity. An inefficient internet facility in a university is not
an issue for the use of the internet in the university (Apuke & Iyendo, 2018).
In another particular article by Hossain and Rahman (2017), they stipulated

that student from their studies need to enhance their internet usage and further
suggested that the university should provide internet facilities and an environment
8
for students. However, in terms of attitude towards the use of online learning
management systems, a study showed negative results (Serhan, 2020). With
these ideas and information, internet connection is both an issue and challenge
not only for the students but also for teachers and the institution.
Internet, the most useful technology of modern times which helps us not
only in our daily lives but also in professional lives. It is no doubt that in this modern
era everyone prefers Google for their queries, problems or doubts. Popular search
engines like Google, Yahoo, etc. are the topmost choice of people as they offer
an easy and instant reach to the vast amount of information in just a few seconds.
It contains a wealth of knowledge that can be searched at any time. The internet
has introduced improvements in technology, communication, and online
entertainment. (Sharna, 2019). However, it is very obvious that the Internet
provides not only social connection and entertainment, but also academic and
scientific information as well (Dogruera et al.,2011). Additionally, the Internet can
be used as a tool to learn the latest news all around the world as well as getting
any kind of information that serves different purposes such as learning more
information about a hobby or health. Therefore, it can be said that the Internet is
the source of spreading information quickly to a large audience and of going
beyond the limitation of time and space.
Foreign Studies
The Internet is a medium that does not have the limitation of information
on each user, many people are highly dependent on the Internet, because the
Internet has many advantages that can simplify a lot of work, internet is helpful for
effectiveness and efficiency (Rohedi, 2018). The shape of the effectiveness and
efficiency of a given Internet such as Internet has many services for its users so
much to give ease and pamper users. With the presence of the internet which is
9
the development of information and communication technologies.
Another study also spoke of the importance of enhanced internet

connectivity for e-learning especially in rural area. Based on another perspective,
a majority of the respondents in a related study showed readiness for online
learning (Ahmed et al.,2017).
In a related article, Tarimo and Kavishe (2017) found that 82% of students
in their study use the internet for academic purposes. However, in terms of attitude
towards the use of online learning management systems, a study showed
negative results. With these ideas and information, internet connection is both an
issue and challenge not only for the students but also for teachers and the
institution
Local Literature
One such development is the adoption of online learning across
different learning contexts, whether formal or informal, academic and non-
academic, and residential or remotely. We began to witness schools, teachers,
and students increasingly adopt e-learning technologies that allow teachers to
deliver instruction interactively, share resources seamlessly, and facilitate
student collaboration and interaction (Elaish et al., 2019; Garcia et al., 2018).
Inevitably, these developments compelled educational institutions to

migrate to full online learning until face-to-face instruction is allowed. The current
circumstance is unique as it could aggravate the challenges experienced during
online learning due to restrictions in movement and health protocols (Gonzales
et al., 2020; Kapadia et al., 2020).
These events have sparked the digital transformation of education and

10
challenged its ability to respond promptly and effectively. Schools adopted
relevant technologies, prepared learning and staff resources, set systems and
infrastructure, established new teaching protocols, and adjusted their curricula.
However, the transition was smooth for some schools but rough for others,
particularly those from developing countries with limited infrastructure (Simbulan,
2020).
Local Studies
For the local context, in the Philippines, several studies showed some
contrasting sentiments with regards to internet connectivity and the use of
gadgets or devices for online learning. In a study by Fabito et al., (2020) the
group revealed that one of the three barriers and challenges that student
encountered in online learning was a good internet connection.
Another related concept from Casillano (2019) indicated that only a

minimum of the students has internet access thus impeding them to access the
e-learning platform. In another study, poor students do not own laptops and
desktop computers and have limited internet connections.
However, in the findings of Jin and Sabio (2018), the use of mobile devices
has the potential to be used and adapted for learning. Another study showed that
the greater number of device types owned by a student, the greater the level of
learning readiness.
Synthesis of the Review of Literatures and Studies

11
In this regard, the objective of this study is to assess the internet
connection capability and learning devices availability of students for the
possibility of an online or a flexible type of learning stated by Aboagye et al.,
Chase et al., stated that this made face-to-face learning impossible which
hampered the educational pursuit of students. One of the biggest challenges to
address the problem regarding learning is the availability of internet connectivity.
While on the other hand, Hossain and Rahman also suggested that the university
should provide internet facilities and an environment for students to study and
work on their laptops and use the internet. Furthermore, Gonzales et al., Kapadia
et al., said that these developments compelled educational institutions to migrate
to full online learning until face-to-face instruction is allowed due to the current
circumstance as it could aggravate the challenges experienced during online
learning due to restrictions in movement and health protocols. Another related
concept from Jin and Sabio, the use of mobile devices has the potential to be
used and adapted for learning. The result of the study will provide the school
administration a glimpse of how students and faculty will adjust their teaching-
learning processes. At the same time, the result will also become a basis for
institutionalizing a flexible learning approach for the time to come.
THEORY AND CONCEPTS RELATED TO RESEARCH
Theoretical Framework
The researchers used (Howlette and Ramesh’s 1995) which is the Policy Cycle
Model that identifies five stages; agenda setting, policy formulation, adoption,
implementation and evaluation. The policy analysis will have applied since it is
evaluation and investigation of the formulation, adoption and implementation of a

12
principle or courage of action aimed at resolving economic, social and other public
issues. Policy analysis is primarily concerned with policy alternative that are
expected to yield novel solution.
As a result, the researchers of this policy proposal considered the first three
stages of the policy process: agenda setting, policy formulation, and policy
adoption.
Setting the agenda is the first stage of policy analysis. This includes issues
that arose on the formal policy agenda for policymaking bodies. The researchers
set the agenda by assessing the current situation of the secondary students in
Barangay Pagaspas.
The second stage is Policy Formulation. This entailed determining how to

resolve the issue in the agenda setting. Policy formulation entails determining the
goals and outcomes of a policy or policies. The goals and objectives can be broad
or specific, but they must articulate the relevant activities and indicators by which
they will be achieved and measured. Following the assessment, the researchers
developed policies (APS) to address the issues identified in the agenda setting.
Policy Adoption is the third stage. These are the policies that government
bodies have adopted for future implementation. Policies must be adopted by
relevant government institutions in order to be implemented. The researchers
proposed the Alternative Solution Policy (APS) to the person who was involved in
the research.
The researchers also acquired students, parents and teacher’s feedback,

suggestions, or recommendations on the proposed policy and will ensure that
their preferred APS is included in this study. Meanwhile, after the proposed study
13
is implemented and evaluated, the final two stages of feasibility will be achieved.
Conceptual Framework
The researchers developed this conceptual framework to explain the key

concerns or variables that need to be studied, as well as the relationships between
them. This conceptual framework is the method by which ideas are organized to
achieve the research goal. The inputs are the goals, the processes are the
methods, and the outputs are the final solutions to the inputs. This served as a
road map for the researchers to follow in order to achieve the study's intent and
objectives.
Research Paradigm
The researchers aimed to identify the problems of having inaccessible

internet services to secondary students, which leads to determining how the
proposed project will support education through internet access. As input, the
demographic profile and problem in accessibility of internet were identified, as
well as the students' responses or compliance. In terms of data, the process will
consist of data collection, the distribution of questionnaire, and the creation of
surveys to aid in the collection of unavoidable information. The next page will
show Figure 2, which is the conceptual framework.
Conceptual Framework
14
INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT
Policy
Recommendation
on the
Monthly Income of Data collection establishment of:
Respondents
 Free
Problems Centralized
Encountered of the Wifi
Respondents in Survey  OTG-Flash
terms of: Drive
Questionnaire  Computer
- Accessibility
with Free
- Effects of
internet
lack internet Tallying and access
access on Analysis of data
the
students’
performance
Figure 2
As a result of these actions, policy proposals, efficacy assumptions and

student satisfaction are made, which will eventually help the Barangay Pagaspas
to establish and support the education.
Chapter 2
15
THE PROBLEM
Problem Statement
Secondary students in Barangay Pagaspas were having difficulty due to

a lack of internet access, educational equipment, and financial stability for online
learning, all of which should be available in a barangay. According to the survey,
a few of them have an internet connection, but the vast majority do not have one
at home. As a result, the researchers concluded that educational support is critical
for secondary students. Even though the city government provided tablets for
online learning that they can use for their studies, the researchers noted that it is
still insufficient to meet their educational needs. In line with this, the researchers
came up with a solution to provide educational support to secondary students.
Cause and Effect Analysis
The researchers come up with this fishbone diagram in order to assess

the problems encountered by the secondary students. This section focuses on
the main problem, where cause and effect were determined. The issue of a lack
of educational equipment for online learning, as well as a lack of Internet access.
Furthermore, financial stability on the other hand, no existing program regarding
educational problems can be a big problem because in the first-place community
must bring support for development, so the result can be insufficient support for
the long-term goal and it can strike the program that will be done.
Lack of Unavailability 16
educational of Internet
equipment’s for connection
online learning
Struggle of the
students in
their study
amidst
Pandemic
No existing
program
Financial
regarding
income
educational
problems
Figure 3
Fishbone Diagram
Goals and Objective
1. To determine the demographic profile of the respondents in terms of:

1.2 To know the financial income of secondary students
2. To assess the problem of secondary students of the following:
 Accessibility
 Effects of lack of internet access in Academic Performance in Secondary
Students
3. To present data gathered from respondents and drawing evidence-based
conclusions and recommendations.
4. To recommend the policy that can adopted by the barangay through the
17
development and enhancement of education in Barangay Pagaspas, ensuring that
no student is given behind or changing the community for the better.
 Educational support
 Provide solution to the problem
Evaluation of Major Stakeholders
Students
The student, as the program's intended beneficiary, increases the level of

support to address the challenges.
Department of Education
DEPED is in charge of ensuring secondary students' access to, equity in,

and quality of basic education in barangay Pagaspas. It is the primary
policymaker for Philippine education and responsible for managing the primary
and secondary school systems.
Association of Parents and Teachers
The Parent Association is the structure in which parents/guardians in a

school can collaborate to provide the best education possible for their children.
When parents and teachers collaborate, children achieve higher levels.
Community
The involvement of the community contributes to improving the quality of

education. Every community values education for its children. Families have the
ability to take command and use it for the benefit of their children's education.
18
Communities or individuals participate in defining and shaping their education.
Chapter 3
19
METHODOLOGY OF ANALYSIS
This chapter discusses the key research elements, which include the
methods and analytical approaches/tools used, survey of respondents, research
instrument, research treatment, research procedure and the time and location of
the study.
The researchers used a quantitative method and a descriptive design in

this study, which focused on administering a survey questionnaire to students via
Google forms and aimed to obtain information to describe a situation or population
with current issues.
Respondents of Survey
The population of the students is 293 and the researchers used a Random
Sampling Technique in which the researchers select a subset participant from a
population.
Research Instrument
The researchers used a survey questionnaire as the primary instrument to

collect data for this research policy paper. It was utilized to know the financial
income of the secondary students and to assess the problem regarding
educational support. The researchers used a survey questionnaire from the
studies of Umali et al., (2018).
Research Treatment
To assess the problem in terms of educational support among secondary
students which are the basis for policy proposal and the following are the
statistical computation that will be used:
Percentage.The percentage will be used to determine the ratio of the frequency

20
of the total number of the respondents. It will be used to present the results
regarding the monthly income of respondents.
Weighted Mean. It is used to know how the respondents' responses regarding the
problems encountered by secondary students in terms of accessibility and
internet access. This will serve as the basis for the ranking based on the answers
of the respondents.
Research Procedures
First, the researchers provided a letter for those persons involve and
google form for the respondents. The primary data collected using survey
questionnaire to determine and to assess the problem of the secondary students
in Barangay Pagaspas. It served as a basis for a policy proposal regarding the
educational support of the students in Barangay Pagaspas. Second, the
researchers distributed the questionnaire to the respondents, which contained
the necessary information.
Throughout the study, the researchers ensured that the information

gathered is kept private and confidential according to R.A 10173 also known as
Data Privacy Act.
Data Gathering
The researchers used primary and secondary source of data to
supplement the information gathered, making the data more effective and useful.
The survey questionnaire was created using Google Forms and it translate by
the researchers for their record.
Time and Place of the Study

21
The entire research policy paper began on November and ended before
May of the year, 2022. Data collection, including interview was conducted in
Barangay Pagaspas Tanauan City.
Results and Discussion

Income of the Respondents
Table 2
Monthly Income of Respondents
Monthly Income Frequency Percent
₱3,000-5,000 48 28.74%
₱5,000-10,000 59 35.33%
₱10,000-15,000 44 26.35%
₱15,000-20,000 16 9.58%
Total 167 100%
It can be seen that 59 or 35.33 %of the respondents have a monthly income
of P5,000 – P10,000, while 16 or 9.58 % have a monthly income of P15,000 –
P20,000. It has been observed that the majority of students are affected by their
family's low income. Suleman et al., (2012) found that children with strong
socioeconomic status show better academic performance in comparison to those
with poor socioeconomic status, they showed poor and unsatisfactory academic
performance. Saifi (2011) investigated the effect of socioeconomic status on
student’s performance. Results revealed that parental education and occupation
and facilities at home affect the student’s achievement.
Problems Encountered by Secondary Students

22
Table 3
Problems Encountered by the Secondary Students in terms of Accessibility
Indicators Mean Verbal
Interpretation
1. I am able to access internet and data at home 2.26 Disagree
2. I am comfortable communicating electronically 2.65 Agree
3. I am willing to actively communicate with my 2.85 Agree
classmates and instructors electronically
4. I am able to easily access the internet as 2.34 Disagree
needed for my studies
5. I can consider that distance learning is helpful 2.41 Disagree
in this situation
Average Mean 2.50 Disagree
Legend: 3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree 2.51 – 3.25 Agree 1.00 – 1.75 Strongly Disagree
1.76 – 2.50 Disagree
Based on the tabulated findings of the survey, it is cleared that the

indicators that rank highest is the number 3 which indicate that the respondents
are willing to become active in terms of communications with their classmate and
instructors electronically which have an average mean of 2.85 and verbal
interpretation of Agree.
It is related with the findings of Jin and Sabio (2018), the use of mobile
devices has the potential to be used and adapted for learning. Another study
showed that the greater number of device types owned by a student, the greater
the level of learning readiness (Estira, 2020).
Likewise, the indicator number 1 indicates that the respondents are able to
23
access the internet and data at home, with the lowest average mean of 2.26 and
verbal interpretation of "disagree." In this table, it is noted that most students are
comfortable communicating electronically with their classmates and instructors,
but some do not have internet or data at home, which may have a significant
impact on the students' learning.
Based on the study of Jones (2002), it is said that Internet was described
as a ‘sea of information’, containing texts which are not housed between library
and bookshop walls and subject areas span across all fields of knowledge. It is
an implication that access to internet plays a big role in studying and helps the
students to excel in school.
Table 4
Problems Encountered by the Secondary Students in terms of the Effects of lack
internet access on the students’ performance
Indicators Mean Verbal
Interpretation
1. I can’t relate to the discussions. 2.65 Agree
2. I got low performance in our recitation. 2.63 Agree
3. I gained low scores in our quizzes. 2.44 Agree
4. I passed my projects beyond the given deadline. 2.59 Agree
5. I got low performance during practical activities. 2.32 Disagree
Average Mean 2.53 Agree

Legend: 3.26 – 4.00 Strongly Agree 2.51 – 3.25 Agree 1.00 – 1.75 Strongly Disagree
1.76 – 2.50 Disagree
It is clear from the results that indicator number 1, which states that the
respondents can't relate to the discussion due to lack of internet access, has the
highest mean of 2.65 and the verbal interpretation of Agree. It implies that
24
students' learning suffers when they do not have access to the internet. Learners
with a fixed mindset struggle to adapt and adjust, whereas learners with a growth
mindset adapt quickly to a new learning environment.
According to Doucet et al., (2020), there is no one-size-fits-all pedagogy

for online learning. There are a variety of subjects with varying needs. Different
subjects and age groups require different approaches to online learning.
Furthermore, the indicator number 3 indicates that the respondents gained

low scores in their quizzes due to a lack of internet access; they have the lowest
mean of 2.32 and verbal interpretation of Agree. On the contrary, heavy internet
users are found to be more likely to get depressed, physically-ill, lonely, and
introverted. Heavy internet users, though, were found to have a difficult time in
their learning, but not necessarily in terms of their academic achievements (Chen
& Peng, 2008). This gives an implication that internet helps in the academic
performance of students.
Chapter 4
25
ALTERNATIVE POLICY SOLUTIONS
The Alternative Policy Solutions (APS)
This chapter primarily discusses the feasible alternative policy solution from
the problem which is stated in this research. This classified the beneficial function
of the research policy paper that are imposing to at least disassociate the problem
that the researchers determined.
Alternative Policy Solution 1: I WE CONNECT “A free centralized Wi-Fi

connection for secondary students”
The purpose of this policy is to obtain an existing policy from another

barangay. It can be adopted or implemented in one’s own barangay for
exclusively for secondary students for the improvement and development. The
Internet has immense potential for improving educational quality, which is one of
the pillars of sustainable development. This Internet Society briefing outlines how
policymakers can realize that potential by creating an enabling framework for
Internet access.
Alternative Policy Solution 2: E-Access to Go “Just plugin, Read Anytime,

bring it Anywhere you go!
A USB flash drive with On-the-go (OTG) technology is equipped with a

standard USB connector on one end, and a micro-USB connector on the other
end. In this way, a student can connect the USB flash drive directly to the
smartphone or digital camera without using a cable, allowing them to read and
transfer data quickly and immediately. By connecting the OTG flash drive to the
smartphone, the files saved on the flash drive directly on the device will be able
to view, for example, or transfer them from one memory to another according to
the needs. The USB port of the flash drive can be used to read or transfer data
26
onto the computer. Currently, OTG technology is compatible with the Android
operating system.
APS: 3 LEX (Lead to Excellence) Your one-click access! A computer set with
free internet access that you can rely on.
The main goal of this APS is to provide assistance for those secondary
students who lack equipment and internet access for online learning. This kind of
set up for the students will be a big help for them to gain knowledge and skills
through educational support. In addition to that, this one is the best solution to do
battle in this pandemic situation where some students have their online classes,
and with this solution, they can easily access and attend the class online with the
use of a computer and free internet.
Analysis of Alternative Policy Solution
APS: 1 I WE CONNECT “A free centralized Wi-Fi connection for secondary

students”
To address the growing demands of the digital economy, the Philippine

government, through the Department of Information and Communications
Technology (DICT), has been continuously implementing the Free Wi-Fi for All
Program nationwide, with focus on geographically isolated and disadvantaged
areas (GIDAs).
A Centralized internet connection is one that has one server that processes
all users’ requests and delivers data to them in response to these requests. Other
applications connected to the network are clients of this server, and they are
directly connected to it alone. All services available through this network, including
the service of communicating with some other client, are processed by the server.
Specifically, the Program aims to:

27
a) To provide free internet access to secondary students in Barangay
Pagaspas
b) To create a free centralized internet connection to support the education
of the student
c) To give student internet speed allowing them to regulate kind of data
d) To give them the speed at which they can access information
The potential benefits/ features that the program shall be included.
a) It can improve the quality of the education of the students.

b) It can be used as alternative solution in this new learning situation.
To be able to conduct the program, the following guidelines shall be
included:
1) Identify the chosen participants in the program.

2) Set guidelines and procedure for the student’s registration to access the
internet.
 Specify the important persons involve in this program such as City
Government of Tanauan and the barangay officials.
 The City Government of Tanauan may provide support in terms of funds
and technical assistance with the help of their management system.
 The Barangay itself are also involve providing budget since it will be
beneficial for their community.
 The Management Information System will create the access portal to free
centralized internet specially designed for the secondary students, easy
access of information and data.
4). Seek approval for the policies and guidelines developed before their official
release for implementation.
5). The procedures and policies must be applied for those responsible
28
individuals for the success of the implementation.
Advantages of free centralized internet connection
 Reduced Costs- one of the biggest advantages of centralization is the cost

associated with it. Any centralized network or infrastructure requires less
support and cost. As centralized organizations or networks are pre-
planned, the costs associated with it do not cross budgets until and unless
it is absolutely required to expand the network.
 Quick Decision Implementation - there is no wonder that centralization
organizations or networks allow for rapid decision implementation. Since
centralized networks have fewer components or people, there is less
communication between the various levels of authorization. Furthermore,
if a centralized network decides to make a change, it can be done in
minutes.
 A single central internet connection is quick and easy to deploy because
you only have to manage one configuration without load balancing or
orchestration.
 You can easily add and remove client systems, users, and other servers
without waiting for replication among decentralized or distributed servers.
 Centralized internet connection is relatively inexpensive because limited
number of servers are used, which means purchasing less equipment and
fewer licenses.
Disadvantages of free centralized internet connection
 A single master server presents a single point of failure on the network. If

the master server goes down because of a bug or attack, or if you need to
restart the server for maintenance, your entire network goes down.
 All your valuable and sensitive data is stored and accessible from one
29
server in a centralized network, presenting a security risk. If hackers get
into your single DC, they can access everything from that one location,
rather than needing to jump to different systems and servers to find
everything they want.
 Centralized networks are challenging to scale because there’s a limit to
how much computing power you can add to a single server. A central
server can also create bottlenecks when your network traffic increases
beyond the limitations of a single node.
APS: 2 E-Access to Go: Just plugin, Read Anytime, bring it Anywhere you
go!
A USB flash drive with On-the-go (OTG) technology is equipped with a
standard USB connector on one end, and a micro-USB connector on the other
end. As a result, users can connect the USB flash drive directly to their
smartphone, and it will allow them to read and transfer data quickly and easily. By
connecting the OTG flash drive to a user’s smartphone, they will be able to view,
for example, the files saved on the flash drive directly on their device, or transfer
them from one memory to another according to their needs. Users can then use
the USB port of the flash drive to read or transfer data onto their smartphones.
Currently, OTG technology is compatible with the Android operating system.
The OTG Flash Drive are preloaded, USB memory flash drive that put
thousands of today's best books in your pocket. One way that to take your digital
projects with you is to save them to a USB storage drive that you carry with you.
An OTG Flash drive is a common method of file storage.
Specifically, the Program aims:

30
a) To make sure that the students will gain knowledge from this.
b) To provide easily access of the information anytime.
c) To lessen the hassle of the students in accessing resources.
d) To lessen the time of the students because of its handy features.
a) It can easily access without internet connection.

b) It can be used everywhere with the use of OTG.
c) The students will be able to easily find the information that they want.
d) The students may not require to go outside because of this program.
e) It can provide a better solution for this new learning situation of the
students.
f) It provides critical security features that will give protection, provides
sufficiently high reliability and availability, and protect encrypted data from
disclosure.
included:
a. Identify the chosen participants in the program.

b. Set guidelines and procedure on how the E-Access to go will
operate.
c. Specify the stakeholders in this program such as DepEd Tanauan,
Barangay Officials, and Tech/care.
 The DepEd Tanauan will provide files with the content of every module of
the students from every subject and grade level.
 The Barangay itself are also involved to provide budget since it will benefit
their community.
 For the students' assistance, there will be a group of people from the
31
technical support, namely TECH-CARE that will help students in terms of
updating the OTG Flash Drives.
Important Features of E-Access to Go:
 Formats for all readers, Tablets & Mobile Devices

 No Need for Wi-Fi / Internet
 Saves Countless Hours of Downloading
 Easy to use DepEd Journals, DepEd Books from Grade 7 to 12 and other
references
 Easy to access modules (DEPED) – this are the modules of secondary
students from the Department of Education for online class.
 Large storage capability – up to 1TB (terabyte) of storage space and
Preloaded 16GB USB Flash Drive.
 Can store any kind of digital file or project
 Lightweight and easy to carry
 Complete control over the files
 Easy to encrypt and keep the data safe.
 Files are saved in Google Drive whenever misplaced and get stolen.
Advantage of E-Access to Go
 Cost: Purchasing a USB drive can be done at very low cost since it can
be easily scaled. Comparing to most of the external storage devices out
there, USB drives are relatively inexpensive. Depending on the storage
capacity the prices can vary. Hence, it is easily affordable to the people
32
with low budget.
 Speed: Since USB drives do not require any form of internet connection,
it has relatively high-speed transfer rates. However, the speed is
determined by several factors such as the USB version, hardware bus and
USB controller device.
 Capacity: During its initial stages, USB drives did not support much of the
storage capacities. Until now there are USB drives supporting up to 2TB of
space. Therefore, users don't need to be in the burden of carrying an
external hardware in the instances of large storage capacities.
 Physical Size: USB drives are all small in sizes and light weighted making
them highly portable. They can properly fit inside the pockets and bags
without much inconvenience. It is the perfect alternative to the hard drives
and tablets which require high amount of space.
 Compatibility: Currently there are many operating systems, platforms and
devices which support USB drive. Whether you have a desktop, laptop or
a gaming console all are equipped with a USB port. However, you have to
make sure that these devices have the same port as the USB drive. If it
doesn't, you will not be able to connect it.
 Durability: Unlike a hard drive where it is going to lose all the data if it is
subjected to mechanical shocks more frequently, such chances for a USB
drive is quite low. And also, if it is free from data losses occurring from
scratches, dusts and exposure to magnetic fields.
 Auto-Configurations: When the peripheral USB device is plugged in for

33
the first time, the device driver software needs to be installed only once.
The host operating system then afterwards automatically loads the
configurations so that the user doesn’t need to install them again.
Disadvantages of E-Access to Go
 Corruption: A USB drives tends to be used in different computers. If in

case one of the computers happens to be malware infected, it could easily
transfer them on to the drives since it is not malware free. This could result
the files unreadable making them useless but if the user always takes care
to remove flash media safely and never unplug the drive while it is reading
or writing, it will avoid corruption.
 Security Threats: Some of the USB drives does contain a security

weakness in the form of encryption. This type of weakness can pose
security threats revealing all of your confidential data. For overcoming this
most, the flash manufacturers have come up with an updated software that
all the users should check with.
 Risk of losing: The physical size of flash drives may also be the reason
for its loss. Due to their size, they can be easily misplaced and get stolen.
For an example they can get slipped out of your pocket or even snatched
unknowingly. This won't be a problem until you have critical and sensitive
data in them. For this reason, many keep USB drives as a key chain and
necklaces.
 Mechanical Damages: Although USB drives are less vulnerable when it

34
comes to mechanical damages, it is not completely free of it. USB drives
contain a retractable USB plug that can be wear and tear or even bend. In
this case the drive becomes completely useless however, if the user
removes the OTG Flash Drive carefully, does not drop the USB Flash
Drive, and turns the OTG Flash Drive off when not in use, mechanical
damage will be avoided.
APS: 3 LEX (Lead to Excellence) Your one click access! A computer set with
free internet access that you can rely on.
The main goal of this APS is to provide assistance for those secondary
students who lack equipment and internet access for online learning. This kind of
set up for the students will be a big help for them to gain knowledge and skills
through educational support. In addition to that, this one is the best solution to do
battle in this pandemic situation where some students have their online classes,
and with this solution, they can easily access and attend the class online with the
use of a computer and free internet.
Specifically, the Program aims to:
a. To make sure that the students will use and help this plan to their
studies.
b. To provide free use of computer with internet access.
c. To lessen the difficulty of the students where they can use this
program.
d. To help those students that do not have equipment and internet
access at home.

35
a. It can easily access the books, website searching author name, title, and
subject. and other reference.
b. The students will be able to easily find the information that they want.
c. The students can find any topics with just one click.
d. It can provide a better solution for this new learning situation of the
students.
included:
1. Identify the chosen participants in the program.

2. Set guidelines and procedure for the student’s registration to the computer
access.
 Specify the important persons involve in this program such as, DepEd
Tanauan, Barangay Officials. And committee of Education.
 The Barangay itself are also involve to provide budget since it will be
benefit from their community.
4). The procedures and policies must be applied for those responsible
individuals for the success of the implementation.
Advantages of APS: 3 LEX (Lead to Excellence) Your one-click access!

 Improves abilities. It can improve the abilities of the students to learn new
skills for their education.
 Easily access. Through the use of computer and internet access the
students can use this to easily gain knowledge and learnings.
 Connectivity. The student can easily communicate with their classmates

36
and teachers anytime.
 Accessibility. As long as the students are having a computer and internet
connection, they will be able to access the internet by any means.
 Online Education. With this plan, the students can also use opportunity
for online education.
Disadvantages of APS: 3 LEX (Lead to Excellence) Your one-click access!
 Addiction. If students use the internet excessively, they may waste too
much time.
 Misuse. The students may misuse the free use of computer with internet
access for some other purpose.
 Health Concerns. Using computer for a prolonged period of time could
contribute to various physical problems such as neck pain, back pain and
eye pain.
INTERPRETATION
ALTERNATIVE POLICY SOLUTION: 1 I WE CONNECT “A free centralized Wi-

Fi connection for secondary students”
COST
The cost for the APS 1 is the free centralized Wi-Fi that should be provided
free of cost for the students.
EFFICIENCY
This APS 1 is focused on delivering free Wi-Fi connection. The users can
save time in searching the information and at the same time can be utilized to
refer more information or documents.
PRACTICALITY
37
The internet connection has been a major problem; majority of the students
do not have access to the internet, which causes them problems; thus, I We
Connect can be a good tool to use.
EFFECTIVENESS
The APS 1 will become effective because users can save time in searching
the information and the same time can be utilized to refer more information or
documents.
ACCEPTABILITY
It will be acceptable because it is applicable to students who are having difficulty

connecting to the internet; as a result, users can gain more knowledge by reading
various types of information available.
POLITICAL VIABILITY
The city government should support it on average because the mayor and
local legislators assigned to education have the political power to implement and
support it. Furthermore, it may not be implemented in all other barangays, but
they can adapt this policy for their constituents.
ADMINISTRATIVE OPERABILITY
The barangay officials require this APS to be acceptable to a reasonable

degree because it must be considered a contingency plan, and they must exert
effort to make it feasible in support of the students’ development.
TECHNICAL FEASIBILITY
38
The APS has sufficient technology for implementation because of the
current situation due to the lack of internet connectivity for the students. The
technical people's knowledge and know-how are important in the creation of this
APS as well as for the barangay officials themselves, who will collaborate for
guidelines and information for implementation.
ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL POSSIBILITY
APS1 is the basis for economic and financial possibility to properly identify the
students' financial needs. This is to determine the financial stability of the students
in support of their education, as it will be a great opportunity for them to excel in
whatever career they want to pursue in the future.
ALTERNATIVE POLICY SOLUTION 2: E-Access to Go “Just plugin, Read

Anytime, bring it Anywhere you go!
COST
Compared to APS 3, E-Access to Go shows less cost in providing and

meeting the objective of providing an E-Access to go resources for public
secondary students. As a result, there is a huge possibility that this will spend less
on developing and maintaining OTG Flash Drive resources, which will be cost-
beneficial in the long run.
EFFICIENCY
In terms of cost, APS 2 was useful enough in meeting the goal of this study
since the cost of E-Access to go was predicted to be low cost, which is less
expensive than APS 1 and 3.
PRACTICALITY
39
Through the support of the City Government and the Barangay Pagaspas
of Tanauan, E-Access to go are available 24/7.
RISK
The use of E-Access to go is less risky. E-Access to go, students will be

given a preloaded OTG Flash Drive easily able to access information rapidly at
home.
EFFECTIVENESS
The APS 2 is effective because it can meet the objective of providing E-

Access to go resources to secondary students in barangay Pagaspas.
ACCEPTABILITY
It will be acceptable and appropriate to those students who are struggling

with internet connection, by this the users can gain more knowledge by reading
different kind of information available.
POLITICAL VIABILITY
This APS, E-Access to go, should be institutionalized in the barangay so

that it can be carried on throughout the coming administration and years.
The barangay officials and DEPED require this APS to be acceptable to a

reasonable degree because it must be considered a contingency plan, and they
must exert effort to make it feasible in support of the students’ development.
40
The process and guidelines are prepared for the procedures for the proposal
with the cooperation technical team from LGU that will provide the technical
assistance to make the APS possible.
ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL POSSIBILITY
APS2 is the basis for economic and financial possibility to properly identify
the students' financial needs. The Barangay and the sponsor will cover the costs
of the materials that will be used to make it possible.
ALTERNATIVE POLICY SOLUTION: 3 LEX (Lead to Excellence) Your one

click access! A computer set with internet access that you can rely on.
COST
The budget funds will come from the Barangay to ensure that the project
will be implemented.
EFFICIENCY
The person involved in this plan should be knowledgeable about the
function and purpose of this plan. Not only does the Internet create convenience
in sharing and receiving information between users, another advantage of the
modern Internet is its ability for automation.
PRACTICALLY
This could great help for those secondary students who are lack of
equipment in this time of pandemic.
RISK
The plan will be less risky because it will allow students to easily access
information that they would not be able to access otherwise because it is available
in their barangay.
EFFECTIVENESS
41
Proper coordination of those person involves to ensure that the program
will be effective.
ACCEPTABILITY
By the help and assistance of the Barangay it will great contribution for the
students.
POLITICAL VIABILITY
The Department Order will be the basis of the implementation of plan.
It should set the standards and consideration of those stakeholders and
the person involve in this plan.
Securing the plan with the support of those expert to assure that this plan
will be more effective to adopt the implementation.
ECONOMIC AND FINANCIAL FEASIBILITY

By the help of the barangay itself and sponsorship, it would be a great
help for the plan.
Table 5
42
Decision Matrix
Decision matrix shows the comparative analysis presentation of the three

(3) Alternative Policy Solution (APS) in congruence to the criteria or indicators of
each APS. It shows the ranking results which lead to the decision of the
researchers about which among the APS presented and discussed will be more
relevant and feasible for actualization.
Alternative APS 1 APS 2 APS 3

Policy Solution I WE CONNECT E-Access to Go: LEX (Lead to
“A free Just plugin, Excellence)
centralized Wi-Fi Read Anytime, Your one click
connection for bring it access! A
secondary Anywhere you computer set
students” go! with internet
access that you
can rely on.
Cost 9 8 7
Efficiency 10 7 7
Practicality 10 7 8
Risk 3 7 6
Effectiveness 10 10 10
Acceptability 9 8 7
Political Viability 9 8 7
Administrative 9 8 7
Operability
Technical 10 8 8
43
Feasibility
Economic and 8 8 7
Financial
Possibility
TOTAL 87 79 74
RANK RANK 1 RANK 2 RANK 3
Note: Rate the criteria using the 10-point Likert Scale below.
Table 6
Likert Scale for the Comparative Analysis of the Proposed Alternative Solutions
CRITERIA
Cost The APS has minimal cost (8-10
The APS has average cost (5-7)
The APS has high cost (1-4)
Efficiency APS with high efficiency (8-10)

APS with average efficiency (5-7)
APS with low efficiency (1-4)
Practicality APS will benefit the target

respondents to high extent(8-10)
APS will benefit the target
respondents to an average extent(5-7)
APS will benefit the target
respondents to a lesser extent(1-4)
Risk APS is risk to high extent (810)

APS is risk to an average extent (5-7)

44
APS is risk to lesser extent(14)
Effectiveness APS is effective to high extent (810

APS is effective to an average extent
(5-7)
APS is effective to lesser extent(14)
Acceptability APS is acceptable to a high extent (8-

10)
APS is acceptable to an average
extent(5-7
APS is acceptable to a lesser
extent(1-4)
Political Viability APS is acceptable by authority to a
high extent (8-10)
APS is acceptable by authority to an
average extent (5-7)
APS is acceptable by authority to
lesser extent (1-4)
Administrative Operability APS is feasible for implementation to

a high extent (8-10)
APS is feasible for implementation to
an average extent (5-7
APS is feasible for implementation to
a lesser extent (1-4)
Technical Feasibility APS has sufficient technology for

45
implementation (8-10)
APS has limited technology for
APS lacks technology for
Economic and Financial APS potential funding for
Possibility implementation is highly possible (1-4)
Possibility APS potential funding is somewhat

possible (5-7)
APS potential funding is not possible
(1-4)
Chapter 5
46
POLICY RECOMMENDATION
The Chosen APS
Alternative Policy Solution 1: I WE CONNECT “A free centralized Wi-Fi
connection for secondary students”
The purpose of this policy is to obtain an existing policy from another

barangay. It can be adopted or implemented in one's own barangay for the sole
purpose of improving and developing secondary students. The Internet has
immense potential for improving educational quality, which is one of the pillars of
sustainable development. This Internet Society briefing outlines how
policymakers can realize that potential by creating an enabling framework for
Internet access.
The Project shall provide open and free access to all, provided such will be
consistent with prevailing public policy. Steps will also be taken to ensure that the
public service will be enjoyed by as many as possible, and as equally as possible.
Users will be required to agree to a set of Terms and Conditions upon first login.
The connectivity provided by this APS will not be meant for the operational
requirements of public sector entities. However, the Project’s use of managed
services will allow infrastructure sharing that could provide services for internal
use of public sector agencies. For the connectivity that will be needed for public
sector operations, separate funds should be prepared so that additional capacity
may be procured.
Budget Proposal
47
Table 7
Internet Service Provider Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company

(PLDT)
Various equipment is expressed in this table.
Item Qty. Total

Wireless Mikrotik Router 1 15,000
Fiber Optic Cable 150 linear foot 15,800
Pole (for Height to 45-foot class 3 6000

Antenna) pole
Antenna Directional with 2 10000
pigtail
Omni Antenna with 5 24000

pigtail
Installation 25000
Total 95800
Connectivity service providers shall be responsible for provisioning IP data

communication links from one point another, meeting SLR obligations. Four (4)
groups of connectivity service providers shall be engaged for: 1) international IP
transit; 2) domestic IP transit; 3) middle mile connectivity; and, 4) last mile
connectivity.
Synthesis
48
Every student values education because they believe it will provide them
with a bright future. Furthermore, internet connectivity has always embraced new
technologies to aid in their operations with the goal of providing users with both
effective and efficient services, as well as timely access to necessary information.
This paper will concentrate on providing broadband Internet access, wired or
wireless, that is commercially available without imposed limits on data volume and
to promote knowledge-building among students and enable them to participate
and compete in the evolving information and communication age.
Recommendation
The Alternative Policy Solution 1: I WE CONNECT “A free centralized

Wi-Fi connection for secondary students” for free Wi-Fi access was the
primary need for implementation as perceived by the researchers, as it suggests
that the proposed alternative policy solution is believed to be more realistic and
achievable for implementation as stated in the results of data collection.
The task of free Wi-Fi access is to effectively promote and integrate new
technology into the design for better online learning services in a cost-effective
manner. It is hoped that this study will result in the implementation of free internet
access for the students in their respective organization/institution in order to
improve and enhance online learning connectivity so that it is available to users
at any time and from any location.
Benefits that may acquire by the Secondary students using free Wi-Fi access
to support their education are the following:
 Allow users to connect from home and campus more quickly,

conveniently, and at any time.
 Provide access to a massive amount of information resources from

49
various search engines.
 It will be beneficial to all selected users in the Barangay Pagaspas who
are looking for information from around the community.
 The main goal of this free Wi-Fi access is to make it as simple as
possible for the students to access all information through online learning
 All content will be accessible in the most straightforward manner
possible.
 It allows users to perform all actions with ease and without any hassle.
Conclusion
This research policy paper concludes that Alternative Policy Solution 1 is

the preferred alternative policy solution because it has the most potential for
significant implementation. The main goal of this policy is to implement the
creation of free Wi-Fi access in the Barangay to support the education of
secondary students in Barangay Pagaspas that can be used offline/online, as this
is the main problem identified through survey questions and pre-inspection in the
area. The challenge and problem of having inaccessible internet connection
support for secondary students leads to determining how the proposed project will
support education through the students' lack of internet access due to financial
needs.
Moreover, alternative policy solution 1, titled I WE CONNECT "A free

centralized Wi-Fi connection for secondary students," is the best policy
recommended to align the educational support for the secondary students of
Barangay Pagaspas, because every student in the community will have the
opportunity to use and the free service to support their educational needs through
free Wi-Fi connectivity.
FLOW CHART OF I WE CONNECT

50
PLANNING
 CONSULTATION OF
STUDENT
 CONSULTATION OF
PROJECT PARTNERS
 REVIEWING THE
PROJECT
EVALUATION
 THE EVALUATION OF
IMPLEMENTATION IMPLEMENTED POLICY
 PROCUREMENT OF
MATERIALS FOR
QUALITY ASSURANCE
 COLLECTION OF DATA
FOR THE SECURITY OF
THE USERS
 PILOT TESTING OF FREE
WIFI
MONITORING
 THE INTERNET EXPERT
WILL DO MONITORING
EVERY MONTH
Figure 4
IMPLEMENTATION PLAN OF THE PROPOSED POLICY

51
Implementation Plan
The DOST ICT Office is mandated to formulate and recommend ICT

policies that will help accelerate and develop the ICT Sector, promote the use of
ICT to improve delivery of critical function of government services; and provide
efficient and effective ICT infrastructure and information systems to the public. It
shall be towards the fulfillment of its mandate that the DOST ICT Office will
embark on this Project.
Public places are social gathering places that are open to the general
public. Public areas will typically include parks, plazas, schoolyards, libraries,
public space in government hospitals and rural health units, transportation
terminals, seaports and airports, and so on. Public spaces in local and national
government offices, barangay centers, and so on would also be included. Except
when requested by a competent authority such as a school principal or the head
of a government agency, the public service should be available around the clock.
Table 8
Implemented Subject Date

REPUBLIC ACT No. This Act shall be known Begun and held in
10929 An Act
as the "Free Internet Metro Manila, on
Establishing the Free
Internet Access Access in Public Places Monday, the twenty-
Program in Public
Act" fifth(25TH ) day of July,
Places in the Country
and Appropriating two thousand sixteen
Funds
(2016)
REPUBLIC ACT No. 10929

52
Section 2. Declaration of Policy. - The State hereby recognizes the vital role of
information and communications technology in nation-building, and declares its
policy to promote an environment for the development of structures that would
ensure the availability and accessibility to reliable and secure internet access
suitable to the needs and aspirations of the nation.
Towards this end, the State shall establish a program that will provide free
access to internet service in public places throughout the country, to promote
knowledge-building among citizens and enable them to participate and compete
in the evolving information and communication age
Section 3. Free Public Internet Access Program. - There is hereby created a Free
Public Internet Access Program hereinafter referred to as the Program.
Section 4. Coverage of the Program. - Public places to be covered by this Act

shall include the following:
(b) Public basic education institutions;
(e) Public parks, plazas, libraries, and barangay reading centers;
Section 5. Lead implementing Agency. - The DICT shall be the lead implementing
agency that will oversee the effective and efficient implementation of this Act.
Section 10. Prohibition on Access to Pornography. - Access to pornographic

websites shall be prohibited under the Program.
Section 11. Protection of Children. - The DICT, in coordination with the Inter-
Agency Council Against Child Pornography, and in consultation with
telecommunications companies and civil society organizations, shall develop
standards and mechanisms for the protection of children online, consistent with
53
existing laws on the rights and protection of the welfare of children.
Table 9
Action Plan
PROJECT ACTIVITY TIME RESOURCE RESPONSI

CYCLE FRAME REQUIREME BLE
NT PERSON/U
NITS
PLANNING Consultation of June 13 to Communicatio Barangay
students June 26 n letter officials
(2 weeks) Meeting and headed by
orientation the
councilor of
education.
Consultation of
major JUNE 27 Barangay
stakeholders TO JULY 3 Meeting and officials
 DepEd (2 WEEKS) orientation of headed by
Tanauan the the
 Associati stakeholders councilor of
on of education.
parents
and
teachers
 Communi
ty
Approval of Meeting and Barangay

54
budget and JULY 4 TO budget Pagaspas
funds to support AUGUST 7 appropriation officials
the program. (1 MONTH)
Procedures/
guidelines
Reviewing the AUGUST 8 Meetings and Barangay

project TO evaluation officials
SEPTEMBE headed by
R4 the
(1 MONTH) councilor of
education
DepEd
Tanauan.
IMPLEMENT Procurement of SEPTEMBE Purchasing Barangay
ATION materials for R 5 TO item officials
quality SEPTEMBE
assurance R 11
(1 WEEK)
Collection of SEPTEMBE Data collection Barangay
data for the R 12 TO officials
security of the SEPTEMBE DepEd
users. R 18 Tanauan
Installation of SEPTEMBE Communicatio Internet

internet R 19 TO n letter provider
connection OCTOBER
16 (1
MONTH)
Pilot testing of OCTOBER Communicatio Barangay

55
free Wi-Fi/ 17 TO 30 (2 n letter officials
registration of WEEKS) headed by
the students the
councilor
for
education.
MONITORIN Monitoring the The Monitoring Internet
G status of the monitoring /evaluation provider
internet will be done
connection every
month.
EVALUATIO The evaluation All year Students Barangay
N of implemented around review officials
policy
Chapter 6
56
SUMMARY OF THE CENTRAL KNOWLEDGE GAINED FROM THE
RESEARCH
Learning or Knowledge Acquired

The pandemic created difficulties and challenges for all students in terms
of education. Some of them were having difficulty coping with the situation, which
may be affecting their performance. Each plan necessitates critical thinking and
the analysis of potential actions based on the observations and data gathered. It
was critical for the researchers to make an applicable decision in order to provide
a better alternative solution to the problem.
These activities provided the researchers with knowledge and skills that they
will be able to use as policymakers in the future. Furthermore, this policy making
analysis will benefit them in terms of how they analyze and realize the situations
that they encounter during policy making.
Limitations and Unanticipated Consequences
Every examination has a limitation that may be encountered and must be

given proper policy implementation. The parents and students should be informed
about this by the Barangay. They should encourage participants to participate and
collaborate in this matter in order to have a better education, especially in light of
the pandemic. The researchers recommend accepting the proposal because it
will benefit the students who live in that area.
The researchers are confident that with the assistance of Barangay

officials, the Local Government Unit, and especially those who will contribute for
financial needs to make it efficient, it will be more feasible and effective. The
findings of this study will benefit and be of great assistance to those who do not
57
have access to educational resources in this section.
References
58
Aboagye et al., (2021) 2021 Volume 2, Issue 1: 56 – 69 Internet Connection and
Learning Device Availability of College Students: Basis for
Institutionalizing Flexible Learning in the New Normal. Retrieved:
January 10, 2022
https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED613639.pdf
Ahmed M. et al., (2017) Volume 2, Issue 1,2017 Online learning amid the COVID-
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https://www.j-psp.com/download/online-learning-amid-the-covid-19-
pandemic-students-perspectives-8355.pdf
Apuke & Iyendo, (2018) Volume 4, Issue 12, December 2018, e01052 University
students’ usage of the internet resources for research and learning: forms
of access and perceptions of utility. Retrieved: January 28, 2022
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844018341227
Casillano, N. (2019) March 2019 Indian Journal of Science and Technology

12(10):1-4 Challenges of Implementing an E-Learning Platform in an
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plementing_an_E-
Learning_Platform_in_an_Internet_Struggling_Province_in_the_Philippin
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Dogruera et al., (2011) December 2011Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences

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28:606- 611The use of the internet for educational purposes. Retrieved:
February 16, 2022
https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271617625_The_use_of_the_int
ernet_for_educational_purposes
Elaish et al., (2019); Garcia et al., (2018) Volume 26, pages7321–7338 (2021)
Education and Information Technologies Published: 28 May 2021 Students’
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https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10639-021-10589-x
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https://stepacademic.net/ijcsr/article/view/179
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1313(3434):1857-7881 Comparative Study of Internet Usage Among
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Jin and Sabio (2018), VOL. 2 NO. 1 (2021): JANUARY-JUNE 2021 Internet
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Connection and Learning Device Availability of College Students: Basis for
Institutionalizing Flexible Learning in the New Normal. Retrieved: March 24,
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https://sabapub.com/index.php/she/article/view/224
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nzania
Appendix A
62
Sample survey questionnaire for the students
PART I. Demographic profile
In effort to propose a policy that will support among secondary students. The
researchers provide questionnaires and seek feedback of the respondents. All the
information that we gather from the respondents will remain confidential.
The respondents are required to answer YES (✔) if the statements are applicable
FINANCIAL INCOME RANGE OF INCOME PER YES (✔) if the

MONTH statements are
applicable
P 3,000,00 to P 5,000,00
P 5,000,00 to P 10,000,00
P 10,000,00 to P 15,000,00
P 15,000,00 to P 20,000,00
PART II. Assessment of problem of secondary students of the following:

Accessibility in terms of internet access among SA A D SD
secondary students
1 I am able to access internet and data at home
2 I am comfortable communicating electronically
3 I am willing to actively communicate with my
4 I am able to easily access the internet as needed for
my studies
5 I can consider that distance learning is helpful in this
situation
The effects of lack of internet access that affects SA A D SD
my academic performance.
1 I can’t relate to the discussions.
2 I got low performance in our recitation.
3 I gained low scores in our quizzes.
4 I passed my projects beyond the given deadline.
5 I got low performance during practical activities.
Appendix B
63
Results and tally of the survey
PART I. Demographic profile
FINANCIAL INCOME RANGE OF INCOME PER RESPONDENTS
MONTH RESULT
P 3,000,00 to P 5,000,00 48 Students
P 5,000,00 to P 10,000,00 59 Students
P 10,000,00 to P 15,000,00 44 Students
P 15,000,00 to P 20,000,00 16 Students
TOTAL-167
Students
PART II. Assessment of problem of secondary students of the following:
Accessibility in terms of internet access among SA A D SD

secondary students
1 I am able to access internet and data at home 41 26 42 52
2 I am comfortable communicating electronically 52 44 31 40
3 I am willing to actively communicate with my 65 46 21 36
4 I am able to easily access the internet as needed for 31 36 59 41
my studies
5 I can consider that distance learning is helpful in this 32 53 33 49
situation
The effects of lack of internet access that SA A D SD

affects my academic performance.
1 I can’t relate to the discussions. 44 61 21 41
2 I got low performance in our recitation. 34 56 58 19
3 I gained low scores in our quizzes. 33 53 45 26
4 I passed my projects beyond the given 36 63 32 36

deadline.
5 I got low performance during practical activities. 20 55 51 41
Appendix C
64
Total number of secondary Students A.Y. 2021-2022 residing in Barangay
Pagaspas
SOURCE: Deped-City School Division Tanauan City

Appendix D
65
Request letter to gather data of the total number of secondary Students A.Y.
2021-2022 residing in Barangay Pagaspas
Appendix E
66
Request letter to conduct Pre-Investigation Interview in the Barangay
Appendix F
67
Request letter to conduct Pre-Investigation Interview for Parents, Teachers and
Students
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75

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TANAUAN CITY COLLEGE

School of Liberal Arts

A POLICY PROPOSAL FOR EDUCATIONAL SUPPORT AMONG i

A Policy Paper Presented to

In Partial Fulfillment of the

This thesis hereto is entitled:

prepared and submitted by Beronilla Jr, David N., Legaspi, Nathaniel

Andrew M. Trinidad II, MPA

Regina G. Almonte, PhD Imelda P. Magpantay, LPT, PhD

Accepted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of

CARLO R. MALIZON, LPT, MPA JOEVELL P. JOVELLANO, EDL, CSAS

Certificate of Grammar Editing

Angelic C. Cordova, LPT, MAED

Certificate of Quantitative Data Treatment

Mr. Carlo R. Malizon, LPT, MPA, researchers' instructor in Research

Mr. Marvelino M. Niem, for his expertise and valuable knowledge in

Students, Parents, Teachers and DepEd Tanauan City Division Office

The respected panelists, Andrew Trinidad, MPA, Regina G. Almonte,

This study is wholeheartedly dedicated to our beloved family who have

Title: A POLICY PROPOSAL FOR EDUCATIONAL SUPPORT

The internet connection plays a significant role in student-centered learning

solution to resource base provides more efficient transmission of information to viii

Grammarian’s Certificate iii

Certificate of Quantitative Data Treatment iv

List of Figures xii

List of Tables xiii

List of Appendices xiv

Chapter 1: AREAS OF CONSIDERATION AND SOURCE OF BACKGROUND

Locale of the study 3

Scope and severity of problem situation 5

Review of Related Literature and Studies 6

Synthesis of the Review of Literatures and Studies 11

Chapter 2: THE PROBLEM 15

Cause and Effect Analysis 15

Goals and Objective 16

Evaluation of Major Stakeholders 17

Chapter 3: METHODOLOGY OF ANALYSIS 19

Time and place of the study 21

Results and Discussion 21

Chapter 4: ALTERNATIVE POLICY SOLUTIONS 25

The alternative policy solutions 25

Alternative Policy Solution 1 25

Alternative Policy Solution 2 25

Alternative Policy Solution 3 26

Chapter 5: POLICY RECOMMENDATION 46

The chosen Alternative Policy Solution 46

Chapter 6: SUMMARY OF THE CENTRAL KNOWLEDGE GAINED FROM

Learning or knowledge acquired 56

Limitations and unanticipated consequences 56

Figure 1 Location via Google Map of Barangay Pagaspas 4

Figure 2 Conceptual Framework 14

Figure 3 Fishbone Diagram 16

Figure 4 Flow chart 50

Table 1 Data information about the learners 5

Table 2 Income of Respondents 21

Table 3 Problems Encountered by the Secondary Students 22

Table 4 Problems Encountered by the Secondary Students 24

Table 5 Decision matrix 42

Table 6 Likert Scale 43

Table 7 Budget proposal 47

Table 8 Implementation plan of the proposed policy 51

Table 9 Action Plan 53

A Sample survey questionnaire for the students 62