MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING OBJECTIVES:

COMPETENCIES (MELC)
Analyze the relationship among nations and a. Discuss the concepts state, nation,
states in the context of Globalization government, and administration;
b. Differentiate state, from a nation,
government, from administration; and
c. Apply the concepts of state, nation,
government, and administration by
reflection and short answers.
Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Cebu Province
Argao National High School

One of the basic concepts that you ought to learn from this subject is about the state and nation. Being able
to know such allows you to have a much deeper perspectives on the international arena and political
spectrum which we live in. To understand each concept we must first define it.
Nation comes from the latin word NASCI which means “BORN”, etymologically speaking it means
Birthplace. The said word is used to describe an ethnic, linguistic, or cultural community.
This also means a group of people bound together by commonalities in language, history, traditions, and
religion.
There are two (2) types of nation. Ethnic Nation in which ethnicity is its basis (e.g. Muslims, Japanese). The
other type of nation is called as territorial nation. This type of nation pertains to the predefined territory
(regardless if they come from different ethnicity) they are assimilated into a nation. (e.g. Filipinos, though in
the Philippines we have Cebuanos, Boholanos, among others they are treated as Filipinos) Asian Nation
referring to Japanese, Filipinos, Chinese, Thailanders…
From nation we then proceed to the concept “state”. We define state as a community of person more or
less numerous, permanently occupying definite portion of territory, having a government of their own to
which the great body of inhabitants render obedience, and enjoying freedom from external control.
According to the international law as signed in Montevideo Uruguay the standard definition of a state
involves permanent population, defined territorial boundaries, government, and ability to enter agreements.
Therefore to be a state means that the following elements must be present: People, Territory, Government,
and Sovereignty. Without it one can never be called a state.
ELEMENTS OF THE STATE:
1. People as Element of the State:
- There must be people residing who should be numerous to be governed and self-sufficient. It
should also be more or less numerous for defense and both sexes present for perpetuity
- e.g. Vatican; a state within a state, they are less numerous but can govern and is self-
sufficient.
 2. Territory as Element of the State:
- A fixed portion of the surface of the earth in which people reside that is sufficient to provide the
needs of the inhabitants. It is big enough to be self-sufficient but small enough to administered
and defended.
- Components that make up a territory:
a. Aerial Domain; b. Terrestrial Domain; and c. Maritime and Fluvial Domain
Modes of Acquiring Territory
Modes Description Example
Discovery and Discovery of terra nullius (land belonging to no Spratly Islands
Occupation one) +possess and administered
Prescription Long and adverse possession to vest Las Palmas Case
acquisition of title in the claimnant
Must be continuous; undisturbed possession
Cession Transfer of territory from one state to another Sabah Malaysia ceded by
(either voluntary or force) Britain

Subjugation/Conquest Formal Annexation of a territory after being e.g. Colonies of countries

conquered in a course of war

Accretion Increase of land area due to the forces of Chinese reclamation in West
nature or artificially through human labor Philippine sea

3. Government as an element of a state:

- It is an agency or instrumentality, through which the will of the state is formulated, expressed
and realized. It was established by inhabitants which was organized in exercising control over,
and capable of maintaining law, and other within the territory. It is the system that put in place
to govern the state.
. Administration:
- The way how the government is managed. The management of the affairs of the government.
- (Note: Any administration can change a government and that is through referendum)
4. Sovereignty as an element of a State.
- The supreme and uncontrollable power in a state by which the state is governed.
- 2 Aspects of Sovereignty:
4.1. Internal: exercise authority over its people and territory (e.g. how the gov’t rule its people)
4.2. External: relationship with other state; freedom from external control (e.g. no other state
should dictate how a gov’t should be run
Now that we’ve known the basics of a state (it’s definition, its elements and its concept as a whole) let’s
then proceed to how can a state be formed.
TERM KEY CONCEPTS EXAMPLE
1. Revolution A movement (often violent) to overthrow an old American Revolution;
regime that changes the fundamentals of society EDSA Revolution
 2. Unification Process of being united or being made a whole. Germany

3. Secession An act of separating from a nation or state and Timor-Leste (has

become independent achieved); Taiwan;
Hongkong (Taiwan and
Hongkong wants out
from China)

4. Assertion of The act of stating something or exercising Former Yugoslavia,

Independence authority confidently and forcefully Kosovo

5. Agreement It is negotiated and typically legally binding Netherlands

arrangement bet. Parties as to course of action
6. Attainment of Reach an advance stage of social civilization Mesopotamia= Iran and
Civilization Iraq

Concept of a Nation-State:
- Nation-state is a term refers a political institution that combines the concepts of nation and state.
- It refers to a state inhabited by people who identify
themselves as a nation on account of common culture, history, language, ethnicity, or other factors.
- Nation-State combine the concepts
of nation and the concept state, oneness in one state

Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region VII, Central Visayas
Division of Cebu Province
Argao National High School
 Canbanua, Argao, Cebu
MOST ESSENTIAL LEARNING
COMPETENCIES (MELC)
Analyze the relationship among nations and
states in the context of Globalization
OBJECTIVES:
d. Explain the different concepts of
globalization;
e. Discuss the concept of globalization and
how it affects the nation and state; and
f. Appreciate such concept by means of
making a piece that would manifest
learning.

Last time we tackled nation and states. We have learned how each state affect one way or
another. That such concept impacts the international arena. Moving forward we can actually say that the
relationship that each nation-state grows and is one intricate and complicated thing in the political arena.
Moreover, these relationships between and among the state is made possible because of globalization. But
what is globalization, and how can it affect the political arena moving forward. In order for us to understand
fully what it means let us discuss about the concept of globalization.
Globalization by definition pertains to:
• The process through which societies have become so intertwined or interconnected that events
and decisions in one part of the world have significant effects on the lives of people in the other
part of the world.
• It implies opening of local and nationalistic perspective to a broader outlook of interconnected and
interdependent world.
• integrates States by interchange of world views, products, ideas and other aspects of culture
Upon knowing the basic definition of globalization, let us go deeper and discuss how it can impact the
society going forward.
Features of Globalization (according to Heyword, 2013).
1. Declining relevance of geographical
- The use of internet connectivity virtually shortens the distance between and among the people
of different states.

2. Lessening significance of territorial boundaries

- The development in air, water, and land transportation delimits the movement of people
between states. They can now move to and from one state to another.

3. Deepening and broadening of Political Process, such that the local, national, and global events
constantly interact
- State personalities can exchange ideas diplomatically for improvement. It can be either bi-
lateral or multi-lateral relation.
FORMS OF GLOBALIZATION:

FORMS KEY CONCEPTS EXAMPLE

ECONOMIC Integration of different economies to global International production
GLOBALIZATION economies because of increase of and global supply
interdependence (cross-boarder trade) chains now
standardized for
manufacturer of many
device (e.g. Huawei,
KIA…)

CULTURAL Experiences of everyday life influenced Mcdonalization/ George

GLOBALIZATION because of diffusion of ideas reflects a Ritzer (1993) called as
standardization of cultural expression around Rationalization-
the world extended to fast-food
chain; global brand
penetration to local
scene

POLITICAL Growth of worldwide political system, the Creation of WTO which

GLOBALIZATION importance of international organizations, tackles trade with its
transnational organizations and NGOs are members, UN, World
being recognized Bank, Asian Devp’t
Bank, International Red
Cross

EFFECTS OF GLOBALIZATION:
1. DEVELOPED STATES
- Able to create policies to gain upperhand, they control the economic forces nonetheless it leaves
depletion of natural resources.

2. DEVELOPING STATES
- Rely greatly in terms of economy since they only rely on single or less export product. Deemed to
being controlled.